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1. Symbiont genotype influences holobiont response to increased temperature

Author

Jennica J. Moffat, Mary Alice Coffroth, Piper D. Wallingford, and Casey P. terHorst

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract As coral reefs face warming oceans and increased coral bleaching, a whitening of the coral due to loss of microalgal endosymbionts, the possibility of evolutionary rescue offers some hope for reef persistence. In tightly linked mutualisms, evolutionary rescue may occur through evolution of the host and/or endosymbionts. Many obligate mutualisms are composed of relatively small, fast-growing symbionts with greater potential to evolve on ecologically relevant time scales than their relatively large, slower growing hosts. Numerous jellyfish species harbor closely related endosymbiont taxa to other cnidarian species such as coral, and are commonly used as a model system for investigating cnidarian mutualisms. We examined the potential for adaptation of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana to increased temperature via evolution of its microalgal endosymbiont, Symbiodinium microadriaticum. We quantified trait variation among five algal genotypes in response to three temperatures (26 °C, 30 °C, and 32 °C) and fitness of hosts infected with each genotype. All genotypes showed positive growth rates at each temperature, but rates of respiration and photosynthesis decreased with increased temperature. Responses varied among genotypes but were unrelated to genetic similarity. The effect of temperature on asexual reproduction and the timing of development in the host also depended on the genotype of the symbiont. Natural selection could favor different algal genotypes at different temperatures, affecting host fitness. This eco-evolutionary interaction may be a critical component of understanding species resilience in increasingly stressful environments.

Published
2022
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7. Fully automatic screening for atrial fibrillation using a photoplethysmography based wristband and a novel smart infrastructure

Author

Abdelhamid, K, primary, Reissenberger, P, additional, Piper, D, additional, Koenig, N, additional, Hoelz, B, additional, Schlaepfer, J, additional, Gysler, S, additional, Mccullough, H, additional, Ramin-Wright, S, additional, Gabathuler, A, additional, Khandpur, J, additional, Meier, M, additional, and Eckestein, J, additional

Published
2023
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8. Community regulation models as a framework for direct and indirect effects of climate change on species distributions

Author

Piper D. Wallingford and Cascade J. B. Sorte

Subjects
climate change, community regulation, indirect effects, predator–prey, rocky intertidal, species interactions, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Existing projections of climate change impacts focus primarily on direct abiotic impacts on individuals and populations. However, these models often ignore species interactions, which are vital for determining community composition and structure. To evaluate both direct and indirect effects of climate change on species distributions, we applied the Menge–Sutherland model, which describes the relative role of predation and environmental stress in regulating community structure. Using a space‐for‐time approach, we tested the predictions that (1) predators are more strongly impacted by increasing environmental stress than prey (as described in the Menge–Sutherland model) and (2) incorporating indirect (predator) effects increases our ability to predict impacts of increased temperature on prey distributions. We surveyed vertical distributions of predators (sea stars) and a foundational prey species (mussels) at 20 intertidal sites spanning a thermal gradient along the West Coast of the United States. Using generalized linear models and structural equation models, we found that as temperature increased, the upper limits of foundational prey species decreased (a direct effect), while prey lower limits also shifted downward, due to an indirect effect of temperature on predator distributions. Under future climate change, mussel ranges may undergo vertical shifts toward subtidal habitats, allowing for localized persistence of mussels and associated species. Our model comparisons indicate that this framework—incorporating both direct and indirect environmental stress effects within a classic community regulation model—can improve prediction of responses to warming. Community regulation models could be expanded to inform management and conservation efforts during unprecedented climate and ecological change.

Published
2019
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21. IMPACT-Global Hip Fracture Audit: Nosocomial infection, risk prediction and prognostication, minimum reporting standards and global collaborative audit. Lessons from an international multicentre study of 7,090 patients conducted in 14 nations during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Hall, A, Clement, N, Ojeda-Thies, C, Maclullich, A, Toro, G, Johansen, A, White, T, Duckworth, A, Abdul-Jabar, H, Abu-Rajab, R, Abugarja, A, Adam, K, Aguado Hernández, H, Améstica Lazcano, G, Anderson, S, Ansar, M, Antrobus, J, Aragón Achig, E, Archunan, M, Arrieta Salinas, M, Ashford-Wilson, S, Assens Gibert, C, Athanasopoulou, K, Awadelkarim, M, Baird, S, Bajada, S, Balakrishnan, S, Balasubramanian, S, Ballantyne, J, Bárcena Goitiandia, L, Barkham, B, Barmpagianni, C, Barres-Carsi, M, Barrett, S, Baskaran, D, Bell, J, Bell, K, Bell, S, Bellelli, G, Benchimol, J, Boietti, B, Boswell, S, Braile, A, Brennan, C, Brent, L, Brooke, B, Bruno, G, Burahee, A, Burns, S, Calabrò, G, Campbell, L, Carabelli, G, Carnegie, C, Carretero Cristobal, G, Caruana, E, Cassinello Ogea, M, Castellanos Robles, J, Castillon, P, Chakrabarti, A, Cecere, A, Chen, P, Clarke, J, Collins, G, Corrales Cardenal, J, Corsi, M, Cózar Adelantado, G, Craxford, S, Crooks, M, Cuarental-García, J, Cuthbert, R, Dall, G, Daskalakis, I, De Cicco, A, Diana, D, Demaria, P, Dereix, J, Díaz Jiménez, J, Dinamarca Montecinos, J, Do Le, H, Donoso Coppa, J, Drosos, G, Duffy, A, East, J, Eastwood, D, Elbahari, H, Elias de Molins Peña, C, Elmamoun, M, Emmerson, B, Escobar Sánchez, D, Faimali, M, Farré-Mercadé, M, Farrow, L, Fayez, A, Fell, A, Fenner, C, Ferguson, D, Finlayson, L, Flores Gómez, A, Freeman, N, French, J, Gabardo Calvo, S, Gagliardo, N, Garcia Albiñana, J, García Cruz, G, García de Cortázar Antolín, U, García Virto, V, Gealy, S, Gil Caballero, S, Gill, M, González González, M, Gopireddy, R, Guntley, D, Gurung, B, Guzmán Rosales, G, Haddad, N, Hafeez, M, Haller, P, Halligan, E, Hardie, J, Hawker, I, Helal, A, Herrera Cruz, M, Herreros Ruiz-Valdepeñas, R, Horton, J, Howells, S, Howieson, A, Hughes, L, Hünicken Torrez, F, Hurtado Ortega, A, Huxley, P, Hamid, H, Ilahi, N, Iliadis, A, Inman, D, Jadhao, P, Jandoo, R, Jawad, L, Jayatilaka, M, Jenkins, P, Jeyapalan, R, Johnson, D, Johnston, A, Joseph, S, Kapoor, S, Karagiannidis, G, Karanam, K, Kattakayam, F, Konarski, A, Kontakis, G, Labrador Hernández, G, Lancaster, V, Landi, G, Le, B, Liew, I, Logishetty, K, Lopez Marquez, A, Lopez, J, Lum, J, Macpherson, G, Madan, S, Mahroof, S, Malik-Tabassum, K, Mallina, R, Maqsood, A, Marson, B, Martin Legorburo, M, Martin-Perez, E, Martínez Jiménez, T, Martinez Martin, J, Mayne, A, Mayor, A, Mcalinden, G, Mclean, L, Mcdonald, L, Mcintyre, J, Mckay, P, Mckean, G, Mcshane, H, Medici, A, Meeke, C, Meldrum, E, Mendez, M, Mercer, S, Merino Perez, J, Mesa-Lampré, M, Mighton, S, Milne, K, Mohamed Yaseen, M, Moppett, I, Mora, J, Morales-Zumel, S, Moreno Fenoll, I, Mousa, A, Murray, A, Murray, E, Nair, R, Neary, F, Negri, G, Negus, O, Newham-Harvey, F, Ng, N, Nightingale, J, Noor Mohamed Anver, S, Nunag, P, O'Hare, M, Ollivere, B, Ortés Gómez, R, Owens, A, Page, S, Palloni, V, Panagiotopoulos, A, Panagiotopoulos, E, Panesar, P, Papadopoulos, A, Spyridon, P, Pareja Sierra, T, Park, C, Parwaiz, H, Paterson-Byrne, P, Patton, S, Pearce, J, Porter, M, Pellegrino, A, Pèrez Cuellar, A, Pezzella, R, Phadnis, A, Pinder, C, Piper, D, Powell-Bowns, M, Prieto Martín, R, Probert, A, Ramesh, A, Ramírez de Arellano, M, Renton, D, Rickman, S, Robertson, A, Roche Albero, A, Rodrigo Verguizas, J, Rodríguez Couso, M, Rooney, J, Sáez-López, P, Saldaña-Díaz, A, Santulli, A, Sanz Pérez, M, Sarraf, K, Scarsbrook, C, Scott, C, Scott, J, Shah, S, Sharaf, S, Sharma, S, Shirley, D, Siano, A, Simpson, J, Singh, A, Sinnett, T, Sisodia, G, Smith, P, Sophena Bert, E, Steel, M, Stewart, A, Stewart, C, Sugand, K, Sullivan, N, Sweeting, L, Symes, M, Tan, D, Tancredi, F, Tatani, I, Thomas, P, Thomson, F, Toner, N, Tong, A, Toro, A, Tosounidis, T, Tottas, S, Trinidad Leo, A, Tucker, D, Vemulapalli, K, Ventura Garces, D, Vernon, O, Viveros Garcia, J, Ward, A, Ward, K, Watson, K, Weerasuriya, T, Wickramanayake, U, Wilkinson, H, Windley, J, Wood, J, Wynell-Mayow, W, Zatti, G, Zeiton, M, Zurrón Lobato, M, Hall, Andrew J., Clement, Nicholas D., Ojeda-Thies, Cristina, MacLullich, Alasdair MJ., Toro, Giuseppe, Johansen, Antony, White, Tim O., Duckworth, Andrew D., Abdul-Jabar, Hani, Abu-Rajab, Rashid, Abugarja, Ahmed, Adam, Karen, Aguado Hernández, Héctor J., Améstica Lazcano, Gedeón, Anderson, Sarah, Ansar, Mahmood, Antrobus, Jonathan, Aragón Achig, Esteban Javier, Archunan, Maheswaran, Arrieta Salinas, Mirentxu, Ashford-Wilson, Sarah, Assens Gibert, Cristina, Athanasopoulou, Katerina, Awadelkarim, Mohamed, Baird, Stuart, Bajada, Stefan, Balakrishnan, Shobana, Balasubramanian, Sathishkumar, Ballantyne, James A., Bárcena Goitiandia, Leopoldo, Barkham, Benjamin, Barmpagianni, Christina, Barres-Carsi, Mariano, Barrett, Sarah, Baskaran, Dinnish, Bell, Jean, Bell, Katrina, Bell, Stuart, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Benchimol, Javier Alberto, Boietti, Bruno Rafael, Boswell, Sally, Braile, Adriano, Brennan, Caitlin, Brent, Louise, Brooke, Ben, Bruno, Gaetano, Burahee, Abdus, Burns, Shirley, Calabrò, Giampiero, Campbell, Lucy, Carabelli, Guido Sebastian, Carnegie, Carol, Carretero Cristobal, Guillermo, Caruana, Ethan, Cassinello Ogea, M. a Concepción, Castellanos Robles, Juan, Castillon, Pablo, Chakrabarti, Anil, Cecere, Antonio Benedetto, Chen, Ping, Clarke, Jon V., Collins, Grace, Corrales Cardenal, Jorge E., Corsi, Maurizio, Cózar Adelantado, Gara María, Craxford, Simon, Crooks, Melissa, Cuarental-García, Javier, Cuthbert, Rory, Dall, Graham, Daskalakis, Ioannis, De Cicco, Annalisa, Diana, de la Fuente de Dios, Demaria, Pablo, Dereix, John, Díaz Jiménez, Julian, Dinamarca Montecinos, José Luis, Do Le, Ha Phuong, Donoso Coppa, Juan Pablo, Drosos, Georgios, Duffy, Andrew, East, Jamie, Eastwood, Deborah, Elbahari, Hassan, Elias de Molins Peña, Carmen, Elmamoun, Mamoun, Emmerson, Ben, Escobar Sánchez, Daniel, Faimali, Martina, Farré-Mercadé, Maria Victòria, Farrow, Luke, Fayez, Almari, Fell, Adam, Fenner, Christopher, Ferguson, David, Finlayson, Louise, Flores Gómez, Aldo, Freeman, Nicholas, French, Jonathan, Gabardo Calvo, Santiago, Gagliardo, Nicola, Garcia Albiñana, Joan, García Cruz, Guillermo, García de Cortázar Antolín, Unai, García Virto, Virginia, Gealy, Sophie, Gil Caballero, Sandra Marcela, Gill, Moneet, González González, María Soledad, Gopireddy, Rajesh, Guntley, Diane, Gurung, Binay, Guzmán Rosales, Guadalupe, Haddad, Nedaa, Hafeez, Mahum, Haller, Petra, Halligan, Emer, Hardie, John, Hawker, Imogen, Helal, Amr, Herrera Cruz, Mariana, Herreros Ruiz-Valdepeñas, Ruben, Horton, James, Howells, Sean, Howieson, Alan, Hughes, Luke, Hünicken Torrez, Flavia Lorena, Hurtado Ortega, Ana, Huxley, Peter, Hamid, Hytham K. S., Ilahi, Nida, Iliadis, Alexis, Inman, Dominic, Jadhao, Piyush, Jandoo, Rajan, Jawad, Lucy, Jayatilaka, Malwattage Lara Tania, Jenkins, Paul J., Jeyapalan, Rathan, Johnson, David, Johnston, Andrew, Joseph, Sarah, Kapoor, Siddhant, Karagiannidis, Georgios, Karanam, Krishna Saga, Kattakayam, Freddy, Konarski, Alastair, Kontakis, Georgios, Labrador Hernández, Gregorio, Lancaster, Victoria, Landi, Giovanni, Le, Brian, Liew, Ignatius, Logishetty, Kartik, Lopez Marquez, Andrew Carlomaria Daniel, Lopez, Judit, Lum, Joann, Macpherson, Gavin J., Madan, Suvira, Mahroof, Sabreena, Malik-Tabassum, Khalid, Mallina, Ravi, Maqsood, Afnan, Marson, Ben, Martin Legorburo, M José, Martin-Perez, Encarna, Martínez Jiménez, Tania, Martinez Martin, Javier, Mayne, Alistair, Mayor, Amy, McAlinden, Gavan, McLean, Lucille, McDonald, Lorna, McIntyre, Joshua, McKay, Pamela, McKean, Greg, McShane, Heather, Medici, Antonio, Meeke, Chelsea, Meldrum, Evonne, Mendez, Mijail, Mercer, Scott, Merino Perez, Josu, Mesa-Lampré, María-Pilar, Mighton, Shuna, Milne, Kirsty, Mohamed Yaseen, Muhammed, Moppett, Iain, Mora, Jesus, Morales-Zumel, Sira, Moreno Fenoll, Irene Blanca, Mousa, Adham, Murray, Alastair W., Murray, Elspeth V., Nair, Radhika, Neary, Fiona, Negri, Giacomo, Negus, Oliver, Newham-Harvey, Fiona, Ng, Nigel, Nightingale, Jess, Noor Mohamed Anver, Sumiya, Nunag, Perrico, O'Hare, Matthew, Ollivere, Ben, Ortés Gómez, Raquel, Owens, AnneMarie, Page, Siobhan, Palloni, Valentina, Panagiotopoulos, Andreas, Panagiotopoulos, Elias, Panesar, Paul, Papadopoulos, Antonios, Spyridon, Papagiannis, Pareja Sierra, Teresa, Park, Chang, Parwaiz, Hammad, Paterson-Byrne, Paul, Patton, Sam, Pearce, Jack, Porter, Marina, Pellegrino, Achille, Pèrez Cuellar, Arturo, Pezzella, Raffaele, Phadnis, Ashish, Pinder, Charlotte, Piper, Danielle, Powell-Bowns, Matilda, Prieto Martín, Rocío, Probert, Annabel, Ramesh, Ashwanth, Ramírez de Arellano, Manuel Vicente Mejía, Renton, Duncan, Rickman, Stephen, Robertson, Alastair, Roche Albero, Adrian, Rodrigo Verguizas, José Alberto, Rodríguez Couso, Myriam, Rooney, Joanna, Sáez-López, Pilar, Saldaña-Díaz, Andres, Santulli, Adriano, Sanz Pérez, Marta Isabel, Sarraf, Khaled M., Scarsbrook, Christine, Scott, Chloe E. H., Scott, Jennifer, Shah, Sachi, Sharaf, Sharief, Sharma, Sidharth, Shirley, Denise, Siano, Antonio, Simpson, James, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Amit, Sinnett, Tim, Sisodia, Gurudatt, Smith, Philomena, Sophena Bert, Eugenia, Steel, Michael, Stewart, Avril, Stewart, Claire, Sugand, Kapil, Sullivan, Niall, Sweeting, Lauren, Symes, Michael, Tan, Dylan Jun Hao, Tancredi, Francesco, Tatani, Irini, Thomas, Philip, Thomson, Fraser, Toner, Niamh S., Tong, Anna, Toro, Antonio, Tosounidis, Theodoros, Tottas, Stylianos, Trinidad Leo, Andrea, Tucker, Damien, Vemulapalli, Krishna, Ventura Garces, Diego, Vernon, Olivia Katherine, Viveros Garcia, Juan Carlos, Ward, Alex, Ward, Kirsty, Watson, Kate, Weerasuriya, Thisara, Wickramanayake, Udara, Wilkinson, Hannah, Windley, Joseph, Wood, Janet, Wynell-Mayow, William, Zatti, Giovanni, Zeiton, Moez, Zurrón Lobato, Miriam, Hall, A, Clement, N, Ojeda-Thies, C, Maclullich, A, Toro, G, Johansen, A, White, T, Duckworth, A, Abdul-Jabar, H, Abu-Rajab, R, Abugarja, A, Adam, K, Aguado Hernández, H, Améstica Lazcano, G, Anderson, S, Ansar, M, Antrobus, J, Aragón Achig, E, Archunan, M, Arrieta Salinas, M, Ashford-Wilson, S, Assens Gibert, C, Athanasopoulou, K, Awadelkarim, M, Baird, S, Bajada, S, Balakrishnan, S, Balasubramanian, S, Ballantyne, J, Bárcena Goitiandia, L, Barkham, B, Barmpagianni, C, Barres-Carsi, M, Barrett, S, Baskaran, D, Bell, J, Bell, K, Bell, S, Bellelli, G, Benchimol, J, Boietti, B, Boswell, S, Braile, A, Brennan, C, Brent, L, Brooke, B, Bruno, G, Burahee, A, Burns, S, Calabrò, G, Campbell, L, Carabelli, G, Carnegie, C, Carretero Cristobal, G, Caruana, E, Cassinello Ogea, M, Castellanos Robles, J, Castillon, P, Chakrabarti, A, Cecere, A, Chen, P, Clarke, J, Collins, G, Corrales Cardenal, J, Corsi, M, Cózar Adelantado, G, Craxford, S, Crooks, M, Cuarental-García, J, Cuthbert, R, Dall, G, Daskalakis, I, De Cicco, A, Diana, D, Demaria, P, Dereix, J, Díaz Jiménez, J, Dinamarca Montecinos, J, Do Le, H, Donoso Coppa, J, Drosos, G, Duffy, A, East, J, Eastwood, D, Elbahari, H, Elias de Molins Peña, C, Elmamoun, M, Emmerson, B, Escobar Sánchez, D, Faimali, M, Farré-Mercadé, M, Farrow, L, Fayez, A, Fell, A, Fenner, C, Ferguson, D, Finlayson, L, Flores Gómez, A, Freeman, N, French, J, Gabardo Calvo, S, Gagliardo, N, Garcia Albiñana, J, García Cruz, G, García de Cortázar Antolín, U, García Virto, V, Gealy, S, Gil Caballero, S, Gill, M, González González, M, Gopireddy, R, Guntley, D, Gurung, B, Guzmán Rosales, G, Haddad, N, Hafeez, M, Haller, P, Halligan, E, Hardie, J, Hawker, I, Helal, A, Herrera Cruz, M, Herreros Ruiz-Valdepeñas, R, Horton, J, Howells, S, Howieson, A, Hughes, L, Hünicken Torrez, F, Hurtado Ortega, A, Huxley, P, Hamid, H, Ilahi, N, Iliadis, A, Inman, D, Jadhao, P, Jandoo, R, Jawad, L, Jayatilaka, M, Jenkins, P, Jeyapalan, R, Johnson, D, Johnston, A, Joseph, S, Kapoor, S, Karagiannidis, G, Karanam, K, Kattakayam, F, Konarski, A, Kontakis, G, Labrador Hernández, G, Lancaster, V, Landi, G, Le, B, Liew, I, Logishetty, K, Lopez Marquez, A, Lopez, J, Lum, J, Macpherson, G, Madan, S, Mahroof, S, Malik-Tabassum, K, Mallina, R, Maqsood, A, Marson, B, Martin Legorburo, M, Martin-Perez, E, Martínez Jiménez, T, Martinez Martin, J, Mayne, A, Mayor, A, Mcalinden, G, Mclean, L, Mcdonald, L, Mcintyre, J, Mckay, P, Mckean, G, Mcshane, H, Medici, A, Meeke, C, Meldrum, E, Mendez, M, Mercer, S, Merino Perez, J, Mesa-Lampré, M, Mighton, S, Milne, K, Mohamed Yaseen, M, Moppett, I, Mora, J, Morales-Zumel, S, Moreno Fenoll, I, Mousa, A, Murray, A, Murray, E, Nair, R, Neary, F, Negri, G, Negus, O, Newham-Harvey, F, Ng, N, Nightingale, J, Noor Mohamed Anver, S, Nunag, P, O'Hare, M, Ollivere, B, Ortés Gómez, R, Owens, A, Page, S, Palloni, V, Panagiotopoulos, A, Panagiotopoulos, E, Panesar, P, Papadopoulos, A, Spyridon, P, Pareja Sierra, T, Park, C, Parwaiz, H, Paterson-Byrne, P, Patton, S, Pearce, J, Porter, M, Pellegrino, A, Pèrez Cuellar, A, Pezzella, R, Phadnis, A, Pinder, C, Piper, D, Powell-Bowns, M, Prieto Martín, R, Probert, A, Ramesh, A, Ramírez de Arellano, M, Renton, D, Rickman, S, Robertson, A, Roche Albero, A, Rodrigo Verguizas, J, Rodríguez Couso, M, Rooney, J, Sáez-López, P, Saldaña-Díaz, A, Santulli, A, Sanz Pérez, M, Sarraf, K, Scarsbrook, C, Scott, C, Scott, J, Shah, S, Sharaf, S, Sharma, S, Shirley, D, Siano, A, Simpson, J, Singh, A, Sinnett, T, Sisodia, G, Smith, P, Sophena Bert, E, Steel, M, Stewart, A, Stewart, C, Sugand, K, Sullivan, N, Sweeting, L, Symes, M, Tan, D, Tancredi, F, Tatani, I, Thomas, P, Thomson, F, Toner, N, Tong, A, Toro, A, Tosounidis, T, Tottas, S, Trinidad Leo, A, Tucker, D, Vemulapalli, K, Ventura Garces, D, Vernon, O, Viveros Garcia, J, Ward, A, Ward, K, Watson, K, Weerasuriya, T, Wickramanayake, U, Wilkinson, H, Windley, J, Wood, J, Wynell-Mayow, W, Zatti, G, Zeiton, M, Zurrón Lobato, M, Hall, Andrew J., Clement, Nicholas D., Ojeda-Thies, Cristina, MacLullich, Alasdair MJ., Toro, Giuseppe, Johansen, Antony, White, Tim O., Duckworth, Andrew D., Abdul-Jabar, Hani, Abu-Rajab, Rashid, Abugarja, Ahmed, Adam, Karen, Aguado Hernández, Héctor J., Améstica Lazcano, Gedeón, Anderson, Sarah, Ansar, Mahmood, Antrobus, Jonathan, Aragón Achig, Esteban Javier, Archunan, Maheswaran, Arrieta Salinas, Mirentxu, Ashford-Wilson, Sarah, Assens Gibert, Cristina, Athanasopoulou, Katerina, Awadelkarim, Mohamed, Baird, Stuart, Bajada, Stefan, Balakrishnan, Shobana, Balasubramanian, Sathishkumar, Ballantyne, James A., Bárcena Goitiandia, Leopoldo, Barkham, Benjamin, Barmpagianni, Christina, Barres-Carsi, Mariano, Barrett, Sarah, Baskaran, Dinnish, Bell, Jean, Bell, Katrina, Bell, Stuart, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Benchimol, Javier Alberto, Boietti, Bruno Rafael, Boswell, Sally, Braile, Adriano, Brennan, Caitlin, Brent, Louise, Brooke, Ben, Bruno, Gaetano, Burahee, Abdus, Burns, Shirley, Calabrò, Giampiero, Campbell, Lucy, Carabelli, Guido Sebastian, Carnegie, Carol, Carretero Cristobal, Guillermo, Caruana, Ethan, Cassinello Ogea, M. a Concepción, Castellanos Robles, Juan, Castillon, Pablo, Chakrabarti, Anil, Cecere, Antonio Benedetto, Chen, Ping, Clarke, Jon V., Collins, Grace, Corrales Cardenal, Jorge E., Corsi, Maurizio, Cózar Adelantado, Gara María, Craxford, Simon, Crooks, Melissa, Cuarental-García, Javier, Cuthbert, Rory, Dall, Graham, Daskalakis, Ioannis, De Cicco, Annalisa, Diana, de la Fuente de Dios, Demaria, Pablo, Dereix, John, Díaz Jiménez, Julian, Dinamarca Montecinos, José Luis, Do Le, Ha Phuong, Donoso Coppa, Juan Pablo, Drosos, Georgios, Duffy, Andrew, East, Jamie, Eastwood, Deborah, Elbahari, Hassan, Elias de Molins Peña, Carmen, Elmamoun, Mamoun, Emmerson, Ben, Escobar Sánchez, Daniel, Faimali, Martina, Farré-Mercadé, Maria Victòria, Farrow, Luke, Fayez, Almari, Fell, Adam, Fenner, Christopher, Ferguson, David, Finlayson, Louise, Flores Gómez, Aldo, Freeman, Nicholas, French, Jonathan, Gabardo Calvo, Santiago, Gagliardo, Nicola, Garcia Albiñana, Joan, García Cruz, Guillermo, García de Cortázar Antolín, Unai, García Virto, Virginia, Gealy, Sophie, Gil Caballero, Sandra Marcela, Gill, Moneet, González González, María Soledad, Gopireddy, Rajesh, Guntley, Diane, Gurung, Binay, Guzmán Rosales, Guadalupe, Haddad, Nedaa, Hafeez, Mahum, Haller, Petra, Halligan, Emer, Hardie, John, Hawker, Imogen, Helal, Amr, Herrera Cruz, Mariana, Herreros Ruiz-Valdepeñas, Ruben, Horton, James, Howells, Sean, Howieson, Alan, Hughes, Luke, Hünicken Torrez, Flavia Lorena, Hurtado Ortega, Ana, Huxley, Peter, Hamid, Hytham K. S., Ilahi, Nida, Iliadis, Alexis, Inman, Dominic, Jadhao, Piyush, Jandoo, Rajan, Jawad, Lucy, Jayatilaka, Malwattage Lara Tania, Jenkins, Paul J., Jeyapalan, Rathan, Johnson, David, Johnston, Andrew, Joseph, Sarah, Kapoor, Siddhant, Karagiannidis, Georgios, Karanam, Krishna Saga, Kattakayam, Freddy, Konarski, Alastair, Kontakis, Georgios, Labrador Hernández, Gregorio, Lancaster, Victoria, Landi, Giovanni, Le, Brian, Liew, Ignatius, Logishetty, Kartik, Lopez Marquez, Andrew Carlomaria Daniel, Lopez, Judit, Lum, Joann, Macpherson, Gavin J., Madan, Suvira, Mahroof, Sabreena, Malik-Tabassum, Khalid, Mallina, Ravi, Maqsood, Afnan, Marson, Ben, Martin Legorburo, M José, Martin-Perez, Encarna, Martínez Jiménez, Tania, Martinez Martin, Javier, Mayne, Alistair, Mayor, Amy, McAlinden, Gavan, McLean, Lucille, McDonald, Lorna, McIntyre, Joshua, McKay, Pamela, McKean, Greg, McShane, Heather, Medici, Antonio, Meeke, Chelsea, Meldrum, Evonne, Mendez, Mijail, Mercer, Scott, Merino Perez, Josu, Mesa-Lampré, María-Pilar, Mighton, Shuna, Milne, Kirsty, Mohamed Yaseen, Muhammed, Moppett, Iain, Mora, Jesus, Morales-Zumel, Sira, Moreno Fenoll, Irene Blanca, Mousa, Adham, Murray, Alastair W., Murray, Elspeth V., Nair, Radhika, Neary, Fiona, Negri, Giacomo, Negus, Oliver, Newham-Harvey, Fiona, Ng, Nigel, Nightingale, Jess, Noor Mohamed Anver, Sumiya, Nunag, Perrico, O'Hare, Matthew, Ollivere, Ben, Ortés Gómez, Raquel, Owens, AnneMarie, Page, Siobhan, Palloni, Valentina, Panagiotopoulos, Andreas, Panagiotopoulos, Elias, Panesar, Paul, Papadopoulos, Antonios, Spyridon, Papagiannis, Pareja Sierra, Teresa, Park, Chang, Parwaiz, Hammad, Paterson-Byrne, Paul, Patton, Sam, Pearce, Jack, Porter, Marina, Pellegrino, Achille, Pèrez Cuellar, Arturo, Pezzella, Raffaele, Phadnis, Ashish, Pinder, Charlotte, Piper, Danielle, Powell-Bowns, Matilda, Prieto Martín, Rocío, Probert, Annabel, Ramesh, Ashwanth, Ramírez de Arellano, Manuel Vicente Mejía, Renton, Duncan, Rickman, Stephen, Robertson, Alastair, Roche Albero, Adrian, Rodrigo Verguizas, José Alberto, Rodríguez Couso, Myriam, Rooney, Joanna, Sáez-López, Pilar, Saldaña-Díaz, Andres, Santulli, Adriano, Sanz Pérez, Marta Isabel, Sarraf, Khaled M., Scarsbrook, Christine, Scott, Chloe E. H., Scott, Jennifer, Shah, Sachi, Sharaf, Sharief, Sharma, Sidharth, Shirley, Denise, Siano, Antonio, Simpson, James, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Amit, Sinnett, Tim, Sisodia, Gurudatt, Smith, Philomena, Sophena Bert, Eugenia, Steel, Michael, Stewart, Avril, Stewart, Claire, Sugand, Kapil, Sullivan, Niall, Sweeting, Lauren, Symes, Michael, Tan, Dylan Jun Hao, Tancredi, Francesco, Tatani, Irini, Thomas, Philip, Thomson, Fraser, Toner, Niamh S., Tong, Anna, Toro, Antonio, Tosounidis, Theodoros, Tottas, Stylianos, Trinidad Leo, Andrea, Tucker, Damien, Vemulapalli, Krishna, Ventura Garces, Diego, Vernon, Olivia Katherine, Viveros Garcia, Juan Carlos, Ward, Alex, Ward, Kirsty, Watson, Kate, Weerasuriya, Thisara, Wickramanayake, Udara, Wilkinson, Hannah, Windley, Joseph, Wood, Janet, Wynell-Mayow, William, Zatti, Giovanni, Zeiton, Moez, and Zurrón Lobato, Miriam

Abstract

Aims: This international study aimed to assess: 1) the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative COVID-19 among patients with hip fracture, 2) the effect on 30-day mortality, and 3) clinical factors associated with the infection and with mortality in COVID-19-positive patients. Methods: A multicentre collaboration among 112 centres in 14 countries collected data on all patients presenting with a hip fracture between 1st March-31st May 2020. Demographics, residence, place of injury, presentation blood tests, Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, time to surgery, management, ASA grade, length of stay, COVID-19 and 30-day mortality status were recorded. Results: A total of 7090 patients were included, with a mean age of 82.2 (range 50–104) years and 4959 (69.9%) being female. Of 651 (9.2%) patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 225 (34.6%) were positive at presentation and 426 (65.4%) were positive postoperatively. Positive COVID-19 status was independently associated with male sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.38, p = 0.001), residential care (OR 2.15, p < 0.001), inpatient fall (OR 2.23, p = 0.003), cancer (OR 0.63, p = 0.009), ASA grades 4 (OR 1.59, p = 0.008) or 5 (OR 8.28, p < 0.001), and longer admission (OR 1.06 for each increasing day, p < 0.001). Patients with COVID-19 at any time had a significantly lower chance of 30-day survival versus those without COVID-19 (72.7% versus 92.6%, p < 0.001). COVID-19 was independently associated with an increased 30-day mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) 2.83, p < 0.001). Increasing age (HR 1.03, p = 0.028), male sex (HR 2.35, p < 0.001), renal disease (HR 1.53, p = 0.017), and pulmonary disease (HR 1.45, p = 0.039) were independently associated with a higher 30-day mortality risk in patients with COVID-19 when adjusting for confounders. Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 in hip fracture patients during the first wave of the pandemic was 9%, and was independently associated with a three-fold increased 30-day mortality risk.

Published
2022

34. Barriers to adequate pain and symptom relief at the end of life: A qualitative study capturing nurses’ perspectives

Author

Gerber, K, Willmott, L, White, B, Yates, P, Mitchell, G, Currow, DC, and Piper, D

Subjects
1110 Nursing, Nursing
Abstract

Background: Symptom management remains a critical challenge at the end of life. Barriers to symptom relief predominantly focus on perspectives of physicians, patients or care systems but rarely acknowledge the views of nurses. Aim: Examine nurses’ perceptions of barriers to adequate end-of-life symptom relief. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 25 nurses across different settings who routinely prescribed and/or administered symptom relief to patients near the end of life in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Data were analysed using a six-stage hybrid thematic analysis technique. Findings: Nurses identified five barriers to adequate symptom management. Firstly, fears concerning symptom relief such as hastening death, causing addiction, loss of consciousness, and legal/professional repercussions affected clinical practice. Secondly, lack of knowledge, experience and training hindered symptom management. Nurses discussed knowledge gaps regarding medication and palliative care, symptom assessments, recognition of dying and relevant laws. Thirdly, personal, cultural and religious beliefs influenced staff's willingness to offer pain relief, and patients’ and families’ willingness to accept it. Lack of communication between medical teams, patients and families further challenged symptom management. Lastly, institutional barriers played a considerable role as time constraints, insufficient staff support and difficulties accessing resources prevented end-of-life symptom management. Discussion: The identified barriers highlight a substantial need for targeted interventions. Setting-specific challenges such as limited access to medication, staff and palliative care services must be addressed. Conclusions: To provide better end-of-life care, services should acknowledge nurses’ unique insights. Particular attention should be on supporting nurses in aged care facilities, community settings and remote areas.

Published
2021

35. Dynamic species interactions associated with the range-shifting marine gastropod Mexacanthina lugubris

Author

Piper D. Wallingford and Cascade J. B. Sorte

Subjects
Species Specificity, Climate Change, Predatory Behavior, Gastropoda, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem
Abstract

Globally, species are undergoing range shifts in response to climate change. However, the potential impacts of climate-driven range shifts are not well understood. In southern California, the predatory whelk Mexacanthina lugubris has undergone a northward range shift of more than 100 km in the past four decades. We traced the history of the whelk’s range shift and assessed potential effects using an integrated approach, consisting of field surveys, as well as feeding and thermotolerance experiments. We found that at sites where Mexacanthina and native species co-occurred, native whelks distributions peaked lower in the intertidal. In laboratory experiments, we found that the presence of Mexacanthina led to reduced growth in native whelks (Acanthinucella spirata). Additionally, the range-shifting whelk was able to tolerate higher temperatures than common native species (A. spirata and Nucella emarginata), suggesting further impacts as a result of climate warming. Many species are likely to undergo range shifts as a coping mechanism for changing climatic conditions. However, communities are unlikely to shift as a whole due to species-specific responses. By studying the impacts of range-shifting species, like Mexacanthina, we can better understand how climate change will alter existing community structure and composition.

Published
2020

48. Nurses' knowledge of law at the end of life and implications for practice: A qualitative study.

Author

Willmott, L, White, B, Yates, P, Mitchell, G, Currow, DC, Gerber, K, Piper, D, Willmott, L, White, B, Yates, P, Mitchell, G, Currow, DC, Gerber, K, and Piper, D

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Some patients do not receive adequate pain and symptom relief at the end of life, causing distress to patients, families and healthcare professionals. It is unclear whether undertreatment of symptoms occurs, in part, because of nurses' concerns about legal and/or disciplinary repercussions if the patient dies after medication is administered. AIM:The aim was to explore nurses' experiences and knowledge of the law relating to the provision of end-of-life pain and symptom relief. DESIGN:Semi-structured interviews with nurses were assessed using a six-stage hybrid thematic analysis technique. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS:Four face-to-face and 21 telephone interviews were conducted with nurses who routinely prescribed and/or administered pain and symptom relief to patients approaching the end of their lives in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. RESULTS:While many nurses had no personal experiences with legal or professional repercussions after a patient had died, the fear of hastening death and being held accountable was frequently discussed and regarded as relevant to the provision of inadequate pain and symptom relief. Concerns included potential civil or criminal liability and losing one's job, registration or reputation. Two-thirds of participants believed that pain relief was sometimes withheld because of these legal concerns. Less than half of the interviewed nurses demonstrated knowledge of the doctrine of double effect, the legal protection for health professionals who provide end-of-life pain and symptom relief. CONCLUSION:Education is urgently required to strengthen nurses' knowledge of the legal protections supporting the provision of appropriate palliative medication, thereby improving their clinical practice with end-of-life patients.

Published
2020

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