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The Baltic Sea is not a typical tsunami area, but there are reports of coastal flooding, with its traces preserved in deposits from Germany, Finland and Sweden, and more recently from Poland. In this study an attempt was made to verify historical and legendary accounts of the 'Sea Bear' ('der Seebär') phenomenon. In the descriptions of folk accounts, the phenomenon has the features such as suddenness, speed, short duration, independence from the atmospheric conditions on land and sea. The search for coastal flooding deposits was conducted around the town of Kołobrzeg (Kolberg), located on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. For the study area in chronicle record exist information about two events (17 September 1497 and 1 March 1779). For both events no record has been found in geological profiles, probably due to strong anthropogenic transformation of the subsurface layers. However there is quite precise information from chronicle records on the extent of the event from 17 September 1497 and on the thickness of the sandy layer left by the flooding. Based on this information in the Kołobrzeg area the range of the sand layer was 1400 m from the seashore, and its thickness locally reached approximately 10 cm. The flood height estimated according to the above-presented assumptions was 4.9 m a.s.l. In the Baltic Sea area, coastal flooding is possibly due to atmospheric forcing which can be responsible for an external waves event and devastating long waves, which have the same spatial and temporal scale as typical tsunami waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aggression in sports is often perceived as a necessary trait for success, especially in martial arts. Aggression can be assessed both explicitly and implicitly, taking into account the dual processing model. The purpose of the research was to examine explicit and indirect, latency-based measure of aggression in competitive athletes practicing striking combat sports, according to gender and sports performance. At the same time, we verified whether aggression (implicit/unconscious and explicit) predicts sports performance in martial artists. Materials and methods: A total of 85 athletes practicing striking combat sports took part in the research. For implicit, latency-based measure of aggression, an Implicit Associations Test (IAT) was used, while explicit aggression was assessed with the Romanian adaptation of the Makarowski's Aggression Questionnaire for martial arts athletes. Results: Data analysis revealed (using multivariate analysis of variance) that athletes from striking combat sports having international sports performances registered significantly higher D-scores (IAT, p = 0.014) and lower values for Go-ahead factor (p = 0.006), compared to athletes without outstanding results. Goodman and Kruskal tau association test was used to check the existing associations between athletes' gender and martial arts athletes' level of explicit and implicit aggression. In addition, binomial logistic regression procedures were performed, predicting martial artists' likelihood to obtain higher sports results, based on explicit and indirect aggression. Conclusion: A stronger association between Aggression and Others (at implicit/ unconscious level) and a moderate level (generally) for Go-ahead factor of explicit aggression are associated with an increased likelihood of sports performances in athletes. In addition, male martial arts athletes are more persistent despite obstacles, remaining more on the offensive (no gender-related association were found in terms of indirect/unconscious aggression, and for Foul Play and Assertiveness factors of explicit aggression). The study underlines the importance of addressing athletes' subconscious level to promote more constructive behaviors in competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the potential of using computer-simulation methods in processes such as thermal waste conversion, i.e., pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and torrefaction. These methods are gaining in importance, among others, due to the difficulties in execution and high costs associated with conducting experimental research in real conditions or the need to obtain detailed data on the phenomenon under study in a relatively short time. Computer simulation also allows for numerous errors to be avoided, such as those that may occur during optimization activities, the effects of which may have serious consequences, both economic and environmental. In addition to their many advantages, the limitations and disadvantages of using computer-simulation methods were also indicated, mainly related to the interpretation and validation of the results obtained using modelling. Owing to the complexity of the phenomena occurring during thermal conversion, special attention was focused on models based on chemical kinetics, thanks to which it is possible to predict the quantitative and qualitative composition of products in these processes. The aim of this research is to identify the research gap in the field of issues related to models of chemical kinetics of thermal waste conversion processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents the use of spatial imaging of the shape of the deformation formation area occurring at the point of contact between the burnished tool and the processed material surface in the burnishing process. In the analysis of changes in the shape of surfaces processed by ball and disc pressure burnishing, an integrated measurement station was used to measure surface stereometry (New Form Talysurf 2D/3D 120 by Taylor Hobson) and to carry out a series of axially shifted roundness measurements (Talyrond 365 by Taylor Hobson). The geometric parameters of the deformation zone determined in the direction of the circumference of the cylindrical surface (direction of the main movement) and in the axial direction (in the feed plane) are presented. The data obtained as a result of metrological measurements were analysed using specialized computer software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everyone has implicit biases, no one is immune. The research aimed to explore the automatic/unconscious aggression of athletes and future specialists in the field of education sciences (future teachers). 179 participants were recruited in the current research, aged between 20 and 24. An Implicit Associations Test (IAT) was created for automatic assessment of aggression. Data analysis revealed that more future teachers (20.83%) associated aggression with self (at the unconscious level), when compared to athletes. Recommendations for future teachers who have obtained a positive D score at IAT have been made. However, most of the participants automatically associated aggression with others (not with self). Using ANOVA procedures the differences between groups, in terms of implicit aggression, were investigated. Athletes from team sports (e.g., football, handball) and grappling combat sports (judo, jiu-jitsu) associated aggression with others at the highest level. Also, athletes in heuristic sports (open skills) associated aggression with others at a higher level than athletes practicing algorithmic sports. The IAT results were explained in the light of the specifics of each activity (sports discipline or future teaching activity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of archaeological research carried out on the early medieval stronghold in Santok prove that from the 2nd half of the 8th century it functioned in the contact zone between Baltic trade centres and inland, as one of the points in the network of goods exchange. We present the centre in a broader context, not only from the perspective of discovered artefacts but from the natural and ideological elements of the landscape of this place created by the communities inhabiting the Warta and Noteć valleys in the 8th and 9th centuries. The settlement was founded in a convergence of waterways in a way that perfectly uses elements of the topography of the area. Wetlands were important ecological niches for residents whose lifestyle was associated with exploring both the valley and upland zones. Santok is difficult to interpret merely as a mere reflection of the practicality of power or economic activity, including manufacturing and trade. It is a clearly legible place in the landscape, with a symbolic structure that represents the concepts of the cosmological order related to the spatial organization of the exchange point and the communication node. So far Santok is the only recognized trading post on a waterway, in this part of the Slavic region, with such an early chronology. Thus we have attempted to present the landscape of this place, considering its many elements, at different levels of perception and in a broad context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life threatening events in neonates are mainly caused by respiratory and circulatory pathology, less often with neurologic problems. Their diagnosis is based on symptoms like tachypnea or apnea, pale or blue skin, desatura-tions and even full blown hypovolemic, cardiogenic or septic shock. The respiratory failure is most often caused by Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), pneumonia, or severe asphyxia. Also congenital cardiac defects like coarctation of aorta, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, anomalous pulmonary venous return or transposition of great arteries present themselves as respiratory (and circulatory) insufficiency. These situations can lead to death in the short time period. In the treatment of respiratory failure a staged approached is proposed - from Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) technique, through conventional mechanical ventilation to High Frequency Oscillation (HFO) and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). Cardiac failure is best treated by infusions of fluids, catecholamines and prostaglandins. In cases of sudden cardiac arrest the neonatal (or pediatric) cardiopulmonary resuscitation algorithms (ABCD) should be applied, with emphasis on both - chest compressions and artificial respirations. In neonates the compression-to-ventilation ratio algorithm is 3:1 (15:2 in children). After successful resuscitation and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) neonates should receive therapeutic hypothermia treatment for 72 hours, as a measure to reduce brain damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of sports performance, coping skills play a pivotal role, particularly within the stress)inducing environment of sports. The aim of this research was to explore differences between football athletes who had tested positive for COVID-19 and athletes who had not contracted the virus in terms of their utilization of coping strategies. Additionally, differences among countries were investigated, in the case of football players who had, at some point, battled COVID-19. A total of 147 (one hundred and forty-seven) male football players from five European countries - Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania – took part in this study. To assess coping skills, we employed the Brief COPE questionnaire, which encompassed fourteen coping strategies, grouped into three categories: emotion-oriented coping strategies, problem/task-oriented strategies, and dysfunctional coping strategies. Using the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner pairwise comparison test, the differences between the five countries were scrutinized, starting from the three dependent variables (the grouped coping strategies). Notably, football athletes from Poland and Romania exhibited a higher frequency of employing emotion-focused coping strategies (during the pandemic). Conversely, athletes from Italy leaned towards employing problem-focused strategies more frequently. No significant differences were observed in terms of dysfunctional coping strategies among football players who had battled COVID-19 across the five countries. We discussed the frequency of using coping strategies among football athletes who reported no infection with the SARS-COV-2 virus (up to the 4 th wave of the pandemic) and those who had experienced COVID-19. The findings are of considerable interest to specialists, raising awareness on the coping skills employed by footballers during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]