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We present a detailed theoretical description of the influence of the spin accumulation in metallic Fermi leads on the Kondo effect in systems such as quantum dots and Kondo alloys. We discuss an interplay of the spin accumulation, magnetic field, and ferromagnetic leads spin polarization on the Kondo spin-dependent densities of states, conductance, and resistance. It has been shown that the presence of the above-mentioned factors by breaking the spin symmetry leads to the suppression of the Kondo effect. However, for appropriately selected parameter values, these effects can compensate each other, which may lead to the restoration of the Kondo effect in the analyzed systems. We also address some recent experiments related to the spin current in the Kondo alloys.

We develop the theory of the electron transport through quantum dot weakly coupled to ferromagnetic leads with noncollinear magnetization directions, that has been studied in recent experiments. One can observe much richer transport behavior of the canted quantum dot spin valves, as compared to single magnetic tunnel junctions, that relies on the possibility to generate a nonequilibrium accumulated spin on the quantum dot and the presence of the exchange interaction between dot and electrodes, depending on system parameters such as gate and bias voltages, the charging energy, an asymmetry of the tunnel couplings, and the external magnetic field. We demonstrate that one can extract information about spin dynamics on quantum dot from the dc current–voltage characteristic even at the linear response, and detect the exchange field similarly to the FMR (ferromagnetic resonance) experiment. This exchange field can be widely used in nano-spinelectronics, as a local field controlled by the gate or bias voltages also at high temperatures.

We present a theoretical description of the spin accumulation effect in metallic Fermi leads on the Kondo effect in the quantum dot attached to those. It has been shown that the spin accumulation by breaking the spin symmetry leads to the suppression of the Kondo effect in some cases. In order to better understand the observed effects, we analyze the spin currents in the system, depending on the spin accumulation of the electrodes, for both symmetrical and anti-symmetrical configuration of spin accumulation. We demonstrate that in the absence of the Kondo resonance splitting the suppression of the Kondo effect is related to the presence of the non-equilibrium spin current in the system.

We analyze a Josephson junction between two superconductors interconnected through a normal-state nanostructure made of two parallel nanowires with embedded quantum dots. We study the influence of interference effects due to the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) and Aharonov-Casher (AC) phases for local and nonlocal (split) Cooper pairs. In the AB effect the phase of electron is affected by magnetic flux, while in the AC effect the phase of the electron in solid state can be modified due to the Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In the low-transmission regime the AB and AC effects can be related to only local or nonlocal Cooper pair transport, respectively. We demonstrate that by the addition of the quantum dots the Cooper pair splitting can be made perfectly efficient and that the AC phase is different for non-spin-flip and spin-flip transport processes., D.T., P.B., and J.M. received support from the EU FP7 Project SE2ND (No. 271554) and the National Science Centre, Poland, Grant No. 2015/17/B/ST3/02799. R.L. was supported by MINECO Grants No. FIS2014-52564 and No. MAT2017-82639. R.Ž. acknowledges the support of the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) under Program P1-0044 and J1-7259. M.L. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. 2011-0030046).

Temperature changes in the pyroelectric, piezoelectric, elastic and dielectric properties of γ-glycine crystals were studied in the range 100 ÷ 385 K. The pyroelectric coefficient increases monotonically in this temperature range and its value at RT was compared with that of other crystals having glycine molecules. A big maximum in the d14 component of piezoelectric tensor compared by maximum in attenuation of the resonant face-shear mode were observed at 189 K. The components of the elastic stiffness tensor and other components of the piezoelectric tensor show anomalies at this temperature. The components of electromechanical coupling coefficient determined indicate that γ-glycine is a weak piezoelectric. The real and imaginary part of the dielectric constant measured in the direction perpendicular to the trigonal axis show the relaxation anomalies much before 198 K and the activation energies were calculated. These anomalies were interpreted as a result of changes in the NH 3 + vibrations through electron-phonon coupling of the so called “dynamical transition”. The anomalies of dielectric constant e* 11 and piezoelectric tensor component d 14 taking place at 335 K are associated with an increase in ac conductivity caused by charge transfer of protons.

We study combined interference effects due to the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) and Aharonov-Casher (AC) phases in a Josephson supercurrent of local and nonlocal (split) Cooper pairs. We analyze a junction between two superconductors interconnected through a normal-state nanostructure with either (i) a ring, where single-electron interference is possible, or (ii) two parallel nanowires, where the single-electron interference can be absent, but the cross Andreev reflection can occur. In the low-transmission regime in both geometries the AB and AC effects can be related to only local or nonlocal Cooper pair transport, respectively., D.T., P.B. and J.M. received support from the EU FP7 Project SE2ND (No. 271554) and the National Science Centre, Poland, grant 2015/17/B/ST3/02799. R.L. was supported by MINECO Grants FIS2014-52564 and MAT2017-82639. R.Ž. acknowledges the support of the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) under Program P1-0044 and J1-7259. M.L. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. 2011-0030046).

We analyze a model of a double quantum dot Cooper pair splitter coupled to two ferromagnetic detectors and demonstrate the possibility of determination of spin correlation by current measurements. We use perturbation theory, taking account of the exchange interaction with the detectors, which leads to complex spin dynamics in the dots. This affects the measured spin and restricts the use of ferromagnetic detectors to the nonlinear current-voltage characteristic regime at the current plateau, where the relevant spin projection is conserved, in contrast to the linear current-voltage characteristic regime, in which the spin information is distorted. Moreover, we show that for separable states the spin correlation can only be determined in a limited parameter regime, much more restricted than in the case of entangled states. We propose an entanglement test based on the Bell inequality.

In glycine crystal the transformation from γ to α modification has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and low-frequency dielectric spectroscopy methods on powder and monocrystalline samples. In monocrystalline samples the transition begins at 457.5 K. The first step is connected with cracking of the sample and growing of the ac conductivity which reaches maximum at 458.5 K. Next, ac conductivity achieves a huge maximum at the transition point 462.8 K. Additional small anomaly in the complex dielectric constant was revealed at 335 K. In powder samples this transformation measured by the DSC method goes uniformly. For these samples the ac conductivity begins to grow rapidly from 455 K and grows 2.5 times in the range of 383–387 K. In powder samples the ac conductivity at the transition point is seven times greater than in the monocrystalline samples. Conductivity anomalies are accompanied by changes in the real part of the dielectric constant.

The development of quantum computing in quantum dots systems requires highly e cient and continuous solidstate source of spatially separated spin-entangled electrons. One of the approaches is a use of double quantum dot system connected to superconducting lead, where Cooper pairs provide a source of naturally entangled electrons. Apart from the source, an useful tool for detection of quantum entanglement is needed. We present entanglement detection by the ferromagnetic electrodes using entanglement witness operator method and direct measurement of spin polarized current in the system. We investigate requirements that have to be ful lled by ferromagnetic detectors.

Entangled states are essential in basics quantum communication protocols and quantum cryptography. Ferromagnetic contacts can work as a spin detector, giving possibility of converting information about electron spin to the electric charge, and therefore, detection of entangled states with the electric current measurements is possible. Method of confirming entanglement with non-ideal detectors is presented, the impact of decoherence and noise on states and quality of entanglement is discussed. Entanglement witness (EW) operator method is compared with the CHSH inequalities approach. Required spin polarization for the EW is lower than for the CHSH inequalities. System with asymmetric spin polarizations of detectors was analyzed, including the CHSH inequalities and the EW method.