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A case of a23 year old female with peritoneal melanosis associated with adenocarcinoma of the rectum is reported. During laparoscopic anterior resection of the rectum, diffuse black pigmentations on the parietal peritoneum, greater omentum, mesenteric lymph nodes and ovaries were discovered. The histopathological findings revealed the presence of macrophages packed with black pigment. These results together with clinical data excluded metastatic melanoma and confirmed the diagnosis of the race condition called peritoneal melanosis. Due to the begin character of the lesions the laparoscopic treatment was continued. There were no remissions or progression of the reported in English literature and this is the second case of peritoneal melanosis that has been associated with adenocarcinoma of the large intestine.

During the time of organ harvest, it is crucial for the kidney procurement team to consider significant vascular anatomical variations. Multiple renal arteries are not uncommon, and unintentional injury can result in an irreversibly damaged kidney graft that needs to be discarded. We present a kidney graft with 5 renal arteries and a single vein that was successfully procured and implanted with good graft function at discharge and at 4-yr follow-up. According to the literature, additional renal arteries can be found in about 33% of kidneys. This is the first study on a kidney with 5 arteries in the published literature, especially in the context of transplantation.

The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of blood flow velocity and vascular resistance measured by Doppler ultrasound in terms of pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) respectively, in the occurrence of delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation. This prospective study enrolled kidney transplant recipients operated from January 2005 to April 2009 in the 1st Department of General, Oncological and Gastroenterological Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. The medical records of 53 kidney transplant recipients from deceased donors were reviewed. PI and RI values of the graft arcuate artery were calculated immediately after blood flow restoration and on the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th post-operative day. DGF was observed in 20 patients (37.7%), while 33 patients (62.3%) had immediate restoration of the kidney function. The mean intraoperative values of RI and PI from patients with DGF were significantly higher in comparison to patients without DGF (0.9 vs. 0.74, p0.001; 1.76 vs. 1.54, p = 0.019, respectively). Post-operatively, the RI and PI values remained stable and significantly higher in DGF group. The highest sensitivity of RI to predict DGF occurrence was observed intraoperatively and on the first postoperative day, with values of 77.8% and 72.2%, respectively. The risk of DGF occurrence with intraoperative RI value ≥0.9 increased by 13-fold, and with intraoperative PI value ≥1.9 by 12-fold. This increase was even more prominent during the first post-operative day with RI value ≥0.9 or PI value ≥1.9 with 19-fold increase in the risk of DGF occurrence. According to our study, the utilization of Doppler ultrasound with measurement of hemodynamic parameters (PI, RI), play a crucial role in predicting the outcomes of kidney transplantation.

Anatomy of the vascular system of the leg was studied using classical anatomical dissection methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the vascularization of the lower leg and its embryological background with special respect toward the posterior tibial artery and its branches.

Injuries of the lower leg are rather frequent in every day orthopedic routine. Process of healing takes quite a long time and is commonly dependent on the proper vasculature. e study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the vascular system of the leg was studied using classical anatomical dissection methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the vascularization of the lower leg and its embryological background.

The study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the joint was studied using classical anatomical description methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the inferior tibiofibular joint.

The aim of this study was to present review on pelvic plexuses in males and females with some referrals to clinical practice, specially to the methods including nerve stimulation.Anatomy of pelvic plexuses is still confusing. Much attention should be paid to further studies on the arrangement of pelvic plexuses specially because of nerve stimulation techniques.