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Automated visual inspection has become a popular topic of research in the last couple of decades, as computation power available grew exponentially. Judging by the fact that visual inspection is a critical task for the quality of the products, it would be highly recommended that people only supervise the system. This paper proposes a low cost, rapid development defect detection system based on the Scaled-YOLOv4 object detection model. The original model achieves almost state of the art detection mAP on the COCO dataset with a mAP(mean average precision) of 56.0 for the largest variant, named YOLOv4-P7. Our version is derived from the ScaledYOLOv4-P5 model and is trained on ceramic plate defects and achieves 87.4 mAP at a intersection of union of 0.5, while comfortably processing a frame in 20ms on a consumer RTX3070 GPU. Thus, the real time constraint for the manufacturing system is fulfilled. Hence, the critical aspects of the development process are the: quick development process, fast training, rapid deployment on the factory floor, quick validation and feedback, using images acquired in the lab - not on the factory floor for first iteration and overall low cost of the automated inspection system.

Objective: To evaluate prognostic factors for a favorable outcome (improvement of the visual acuity or visual fields) after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT) of optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM). Methods: We performed a database search for ONSM treatments during the period from April 2008 to September 2019 in the prospective database for stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) of the Robert Janker Clinic Bonn (Department of Radiotherapy) and performed a literature review and meta-analysis of published data on ONSM between 2010 and 2019. Ophthalmic status before and after treatment was evaluated and the collective was dichotomized into two groups: functional improvement (FI; improvement of either visual acuity or visual fields) and non functional improvement (NFI; with stable or deteriorating visual acuity or visual fields). The two groups were compared regarding different variables: pretreatment visual acuity, age, gender, gross tumor volume (GTV), follow up (FU) time, tumor localization, and maximal retina dose. Results: Overall, 13 stereotactic radiotherapies were performed for ONSM (12 × fSRT, 1 × SRS). Mean follow up was 3 years (range: 1–5 years). The total dose was 50.4 Gy (5 × 1.8 Gy/week) in 12 patients treated with fSRT and 1 × 14 Gy in one SRS case. Mean GTV was 1.13 ccm (range: 0.44–2.20 ccm). During follow up, all tumors were stable or showed shrinkage of tumor volume (100% tumor control), no adverse events were observed, 53% of the patients achieved either better visual acuity or visual fields. Pretreatment visual acuity was significantly different between the FI and the NFI group (0.17 vs. 0.63, \(\it p\) = 0.03) in our series and in the meta analysis (\(\it p\) < 0.01). Moreover, shorter FU time and lower retinal dose were significantly linked (\(\it p\) < 0.05 and \(\it p\) < 0.01, respectively) with a better outcome in the meta-analysis but not in our patient cohort. Intracranial tumor localization, gender, and age were not significantly different between the two outcome groups. Conclusion: FSRT for ONSM achieves in over 50% of cases an improvement of the ophthalmic status with low morbidity and excellent tumor control in our series and the meta analysis. Patients with a favorable outcome had in all analysis a significantly higher visual acuity before treatment start. Therefore, we advocate using fSRT as early as possible before vision deterioration occurs.

Objective: To evaluate the relevance of the amyloid deposits in the ligamentum flavum and the spine muscle for the microsurgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: We prospectively collect data regarding the extent of lumbar spine degeneration (evidence of scoliosis, Cobb angle, evidence[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 71. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 9. Joint Meeting mit der Japanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Objective: Novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are increasingly prescribed replacing vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in the prophylaxis of thromboembolism, as they are associated with lower incidence of spontaneous intracerebral hematomas (ICH) and they do not require drug level monitoring. However, management[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 70. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Skandinavischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Objective: Abnormal signaling through the pores of the nuclear as well as the cell membrane has been recently documented in patients with diffuse gliomas (DG). However, it remains to be elucidatedwhether the impairments of signaling at both subcellular localizations underly the same pathomechanism. [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 69. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Mexikanischen und Kolumbianischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Objective: To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages regarding the functional outcome and factors of influence of the two standard treatment options for central metastases: electrophysiologically controlled microsurgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Methods:[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 68. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 7. Joint Meeting mit der Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS)

Objective: We have previously shown that karyopherin a2 (KPNA2), an important nucleocytoplasmic shuttling receptor, is overexpressed in malignant diffuse astrocytomas and, moreover its expression is inversely associated with patient prognosis. However, the pathophysiological contribution of KPNA2 to[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 68. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 7. Joint Meeting mit der Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS)