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1. Damage Mechanisms in a Toughened Acrylic Resin: Effect of Temperature and Thermal History

Author

Pini, Tommaso, Castellani, Leonardo, Briatico-Vangosa, Francesco, Frassine, Roberto, and Rink, Marta

Subjects
Acrylic resins -- Analysis -- Thermal properties -- Mechanical properties, Temperature effects -- Analysis, Transmission electron microscopes, Electron microscopy, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

The effect of temperature on the damage mechanisms occurring in a toughened acrylic resin was investigated by studying volume changes during tensile tests, analyzing the reversibility of the damage after applying proper thermal histories and by direct transmission electron microscope observations. It was found that an increase of temperature, from 0[degrees]C to 60[degrees]C, shifts the predominant mechanism from crazing to cavitation and shear yielding. When the latter occur, the material response is very susceptible to previous thermal treatments; and in particular to the cooling rate from above glass transition temperature. Crazing on the other hand is not influenced by the thermal history of the material., INTRODUCTION Acrylic resins are widely appreciated for their properties such as stiffness, transparency, and good weather resistance but they tend to yield by crazing showing a brittle fracture and this [...]

Published
2019
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2. Fracture Toughness of Acrylic Resins: Viscoelastic Effects and Deformation Mechanisms

Author

Pini, Tommaso, Briatico-Vangosa, Francesco, Frassine, Roberto, and Rink, Marta

Subjects
Acrylic resins -- Properties, Fracture (Materials) -- Testing, Materials research, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

The time dependence of fracture toughness of two different acrylic resins, one plain and one toughened, intended to be used as continuous fiber composite matrices was studied. By performing fracture tests following the fracture mechanics approach, the energy release rate, [G.sub.Ic], was determined at different temperatures and displacement rates and by applying the time-temperature superposition it was possible to obtain [G.sub.Ic] as a function of crack speed, a, over a wide range of speeds. The trends obtained for the two resins were different. For the plain resin it could be well described by J. G. Williams' viscoelastic fracture theory while for the toughened resin, the trend obtained was attributed to a change in the damage mechanism occurring at the crack tip during fracture. From measurements of the process zone size it was deduced that the damage mechanism at the crack tip for the plain resin was the same irrespective of time and temperature, for the toughened resin instead, different mechanisms seem to take place. This hypothesis was supported by results of volume strain measurements in tensile tests at different temperature and strain rates., INTRODUCTION Acrylic glassy polymers have been widely used in many different applications. These polymers are stiff, transparent and have very good weathering properties but generally yield by crazing and show [...]

Published
2018
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4. An elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model for the rate-dependent behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride

Author

Lenders, T., Remmers, Joris J.C., Pini, Tommaso, Veenstra, Peter, Govaert, Leon E., Geers, Marc G.D., Lenders, T., Remmers, Joris J.C., Pini, Tommaso, Veenstra, Peter, Govaert, Leon E., and Geers, Marc G.D.

Abstract

To model the engineering performance of components made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the 3D elasto-viscoplastic Eindhoven glassy polymer (EGP) model is extended to describe the rate-dependent behavior of PVDF. Careful analysis of the intrinsic behavior of PVDF revealed that the postyield compressive response shows a strain rate-dependence that evolves with increasing deformation. The extension of the constitutive model captures the deformation-dependent evolution of the activation volume and the rate-factor, which describes the driving stress. Given the significant temperature-dependent behavior, the model has been characterized for different temperatures (23, 55 and 75 °C). The accuracy of the model has been validated by means of tension and creep experiments at these temperatures. The constitutive model is implemented in finite element simulations and the results are compared with the experiments. It is shown that the proposed model allows for an accurate prediction of the short- and long-term rate-dependent behavior of PVDF.

Published
2023

6. A Comparative Study of Compressive Effects on the Morphology and Performance of Carbon Paper and Cloth Electrodes in Redox Flow Batteries

Author

Tenny, Kevin M., primary, Greco, Katharine V., additional, van der Heijden, Maxime, additional, Pini, Tommaso, additional, Mularczyk, Adrian, additional, Vasile, Alexandru-Petru, additional, Eller, Jens, additional, Forner-Cuenca, Antoni, additional, Chiang, Yet-Ming, additional, and Brushett, Fikile R., additional

Published
2022
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7. A Comparative Study of Compressive Effects on the Morphology and Performance of Carbon Paper and Cloth Electrodes in Redox Flow Batteries

Author

Tenny, Kevin M., Greco, Katharine V., van der Heijden, Maxime, Pini, Tommaso, Mularczyk, Adrian, Vasile, Alexandru Petru, Eller, Jens, Forner-Cuenca, Antoni, Chiang, Yet Ming, Brushett, Fikile R., Tenny, Kevin M., Greco, Katharine V., van der Heijden, Maxime, Pini, Tommaso, Mularczyk, Adrian, Vasile, Alexandru Petru, Eller, Jens, Forner-Cuenca, Antoni, Chiang, Yet Ming, and Brushett, Fikile R.

Abstract

Compressing porous carbon electrodes is a common approach to improve flow battery performance, but the resulting impact on electrode structure, fluid dynamics, and cell performance is not well understood. Herein, microtomographic imaging, load cell testing, and flow cell diagnostics are employed to characterize how compression-induced changes impact pressure drop, polarization, and mass-transfer scaling. Five different compressions are tested, spanning ranges typically used in literature, for AvCarb 1071 cloth (0%, 9%, 20%, 25%, 32%) and Freudenberg H23 paper (0%, 8%, 12%, 17%, 22%). It is found that the two electrode structures have distinct responses to compression, resulting in differing optimal conditions identified for each material; specifically, the Freudenberg H23 exhibits lower combined ohmic, charge-transfer, and mass-transport values at 8% compression, resulting in improved electrochemical performance across all compressive values, as compared to the optimal AvCarb 1071 compression (20%). Overall, Freudenberg H23 exhibits a greater sensitivity to compression with peak electrochemical activity correlating with increased permeability, whereas AvCarb 1071 is insensitive to compressive loads but produces lower electrochemical performance. Herein, the trade-offs of mechanical robustness on fluid-dynamic and electrochemical performance between the two electrodes are demonstrated by the aforementioned findings, suggesting each could be used for specific operating environments.

Published
2022

8. A Comparative Study of Compressive Effects on the Morphology and Performance of Carbon Paper and Cloth Electrodes in Redox Flow Batteries

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tenny, Kevin M, Greco, Katharine V, van der Heijden, Maxime, Pini, Tommaso, Mularczyk, Adrian, Vasile, Alexandru-Petru, Eller, Jens, Forner-Cuenca, Antoni, Chiang, Yet-Ming, Brushett, Fikile R, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tenny, Kevin M, Greco, Katharine V, van der Heijden, Maxime, Pini, Tommaso, Mularczyk, Adrian, Vasile, Alexandru-Petru, Eller, Jens, Forner-Cuenca, Antoni, Chiang, Yet-Ming, and Brushett, Fikile R

Published
2022

9. Deformation and failure kinetics of polyvinylidene fluoride: Influence of crystallinity

Author

Pini, Tommaso, van Drongelen, Martin, Remmers, Joris J.C., Geers, Marc G.D., Govaert, Leon E., Pini, Tommaso, van Drongelen, Martin, Remmers, Joris J.C., Geers, Marc G.D., and Govaert, Leon E.

Abstract

The present study investigates the effect of processing conditions on the yield kinetics, such as rate dependence of the yield stress and creep rupture, of polyvinilidene fluoride. Samples were compression molded with cooling rates varying from 100°C/s to 0.5°C/min, or isothermally crystallized at temperatures varying from 20 to 120°C. Deformation kinetics were studied over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures. It is shown that for all conditions the yield response is well represented by the Ree–Eyring model. Moreover, the activation volumes and activation energies are independent from the processing conditions. The effect of processing is fully covered by a simple relationship between the rate factors and the degree of crystallinity. Subsequently, the versatility of this relationship is demonstrated by experimental validation.

Published
2021

11. 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions, Proceedings

Author

Baumann, Florian, Beyer, Michael, Brandes, Elisabeth, Brunzendorf, Jens, Chowhan, Sai charan singh, Esmaeelzade, Ghazaleh, Essmann, Stefan, Grosshans, Holger, Hau, Michael, Heilmann, Vanessa, Hilbert, Michael, Himstedt, Matthias, Hirsch, Werner, Krause, Tim, Kummer, Johann-Robert, Lienesch, Frank, Markus, Detlev, Möckel, Dieter, Stolz, Thomas, Susanti, Nuki, Taiwo, Adeyemi, Thedens, Martin, Uber, Carsten, Zakel, Sabine, Abbas, Zaheer, Adamus, Wojciech, Addis, James, Addo, Albert, Allason, Dan, Amez, Isabel, Amyotte, Paul, Askar, Enis, Atanga, Gordon, Ballossier, Yves, Bambauer, Maximilian, Barbu, Bogdan, Barfuss, Christoph, Barowy, Adam, Bauwens, Regis, Bedarev, Igor, Ben Moussa, Rym, Berger, Frank, Berghmans, Jan, Bernard, Laurence, Betteridge, Steven, Bi, Mingshu, Boeck, Lorenz, Brown, Connor, Calero, Mathieu, Carcassi, Marco, Castells, Blanca, Chakraborty, Nilanjan, Chang, Pojul, Charvet, Augustin, Chasko, Linda, Chen, Jenq-Renn, Chen, Tengfei, Cloney, Chris, Clouthier, Martin, Danzi, Enrico, Degrève, Jan, Delon, Eloise, Demoulin, François-Xavier, Dobashi, Ritsu, Dorofeev, Sergey, Drost, Simon, Dufaud, Olivier, Dufour, Anthony, Dutertre, Antoine, Dyduch, Zdzisław, Eckhoff, Rolf, Elio Medina, Javier, El-Zahlanieh, Stéphanie, Endo, Takuma, Erdt, René, Eugene, Y. Ngai, Fernandez Anez, Nieves, Fišerová, Eliška, Franke, Steffen, Franken, Fabian, Franquet, Erwin, Frette, Vidar, Frost, Kirstin, Gabel, Dieter, Gandhi, Pravin, Gao, Wei, Garcia-Torrent, Javier, Geoerg, Paul, Glaude, Pierre-Alexandre, Glechner, Julian, Gödde, Markus, Gorny, Michal, Grønsund Hanssen, Arve, Groß, Hans-Jürgen, Guhathakurta, Swagnik, Hacke, Susanne, Hagen, Bjarne Christian, Harris, Marcia, Hasslberger, Josef, Hébrard, Jérôme, Heilbronn, Daniel, Hisken, Helene, Houim, Ryan, Hu, Qianran, Hu, Yang, Huang, Lei, Hüttenbrenner, Katja, Jallais, Simon, Jambut, Romain, Jamois, Didier, Jenney, Lorraine, Jiang, Haipeng, Johnson, Mike, Johzaki, Tomoyuki, Jones, Silken, Joubert, Lauris, Kadoke, Daniel, Kao, Ting-Jia, Karl, Jan, Kern, Hannes, Khmel, Tatyana, Kim, Wookyung, Klein, Markus, Kleppe, Gisle, Klieger, Alexandra, Klima, Scott, Kong, Depeng, Kornev, Nikolai, Koubkova, Milada, Krause, Ulrich, Krietsch, Arne, Kristen, Andor, Lach, Agnieszka, Lakshmipathy, Sunil, Langrée, Cléante, Lavruk, Sergey, Lecocq, Guillaume, Lee, Chun-Yi, Lefebvre, Xavier, Lepík, Petr, Leprette, Emmanuel, Leroy, Guillaume, Li, Jianguo, Li, Mingzhi, Li, Pengliang, Li, Xuan, Liebner, Christian, Lin, Yu-Jhen, Lin, Zhi-Xuan, Liu, Zhenyi, Lucas, Melodia, Lüth, Peter, Lv, Pengfei, Maas, Ulrich, Malow, Marcus, Marmo, Luca, Marteau, Thibault, Martin, Conor, Mauri, Lorenzo, Medic, Ljiljana, Meier, Mirko, Mele, Maria Luisa, Melguizo-Gavilanes, Josué, Meyer, Anita, Michael-Schulz, Heike, Miller, Derek, Mitu, Maria, Mogi, Toshio, Mynarz, Miroslav, Namba, Takumi, Nguyen, Trung, Norman, Frederik, Ogungbemide, Damilare, Pacault, Stéphanie, Pan, Yangyue, Pang, Lei, Papalexandris, Miltiadis V., Pekalski, Andrzej, Perera, Inoka, Perrin, Laurent, Pietraccini, Matteo, Pini, Tommaso, Pio, Gianmaria, Plischka, Henry, Proust, Christophe, Quillatre, Pierre, Rao, Vendra Chandra Madhav, Ratschow, Aaron, Raupenstrauch, Harald, Raval, Priyank, Reveillon, Julien, Reyes Rodriguez, Monica, Ripley, Robert, Russo, Paola, Salg, Steffen, Salzano, Ernesto, Santandrea, Audrey, Sattelmayer, Thomas, Schiavetti, Martino, Schießl, Robert, Schmidt, Martin, Schröder, Volkmar, Seitz, Franziska, Ševčik, Libor, Shenton, Martyn, Shepherd, Joseph, Sinha, Anubhav, Skjold, Trygve, Snoeys, Jef, Spijker, Christoph, Spitzer, Stefan, Stein, Sigrun, Suchý, Ondřej, Sun, Xiaomeng, Tai, Hui-Chu, Toman, Adrian, Torrado, David, Toth, Florian, Tribouilloy, Benoit, Tropin, Dmitry, Tsai, Hsiao-Yun, Tulach, Ales, Turnow, Johann, Uhlig, Steffen, Uhrland, Dirk, Vagner Gaathaug, Andre, Van Caneghem, Jo, van Wingerden, Kees, van Wingerden, Matthijs, Vanierschot, Maarten, Velagala, Subrahmanyeswara, Verplaetsen, Filip, Vignes, Alexis, Virot, Florent, Vyazmina, Elena, Wang, Changjian, Wen, Jennifer, Werler, Marc, Wu, Chunwei, Wu, Dejian, Yang, Kai, Zalosh, Robert, Zhang, Shulin, Zhao, Yao, and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)

Subjects
Explosion Protection, Explosions, Process Safety, Industrial Loss Prevention, Gas Dynamics
Abstract

It is our pleasure to present the proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE). The publication of these proceedings was heavily affected by the global situation. In light of these challenges, we are happy to compile proceedings consisting of 84 high-quality papers that reflect the scientific state-of-the-art in the following topical categories: Advances in explosion protection: Strategies, measures, and protective equipment; Detonations and DDT; Electro-chemical energy carriers; Explosion modelling and simulation; Explosion prevention; Explosion properties of substances and mixtures; Explosion testing; Explosions of sprays and vapors; Flame propagation and acceleration; Gas, dust, and hybrid mixture explosions; Hydrogen safety and Ignition phenomena. All articles in this volume have been subject to a peer review process administered by the proceeding editors.

Published
2020

12. HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGEN DEFLAGRATIONS IN SMALL SCALE ENCLOSURE. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Author

Schiavetti Martino, Pini Tommaso, and Carcassi Marco

Subjects
hydrogen, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, vented deflagration
Abstract

University of Pisa performed experimental tests in a 1 m3 facility, which shape and dimensions resemble a gas cabinet, for the HySEA project, founded by the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking with the aim to conduct pre-normative research on vented deflagrations in real-life enclosures and containers used for hydrogen energy applications, in order to generate experimental data of high quality. The test facility, named Small Scale Enclosure (SSE), had a vent area of 0,42 m2 which location could be varied, namely on the top or in front of the facility, while different types of vent were investigated. Three different ignition location were investigated as well, and the range of Hydrogen concentration ranged between 10 and 18% vol. This paper is aimed to summarize the main characteristics of the experimental campaign as well as to present its results.

Published
2017
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13. THE ROLE OF THE FLOW FIELD GENERATED BY THE VENTING PROCESS ON THE PRESSURE TIME HISTORY OF A VENTED DEFLAGRATION

Author

Carcassi, Marco N., Schiavetti, Martino, and Pini, Tommaso

Abstract

Vented deflagrations are one of the most challenging phenomenon to be replicated numerically in order to predict its resulting pressure time history. As a matter of fact a number of different phenomena can contribute to modify the burning velocity of a gas mixture undergoing a deflagration, especially when the flame velocity is considerably lower than the speed of sound. In these conditions acceleration generated by both the flow field induced by the expanding flame and from discontinuities, as the vent opening and the venting of the combustion products, affect the burning velocity and the burning behaviour of the flame. In particular the phenomena affecting the pressure time history of a deflagration after the flame front reaches the vent area, such as flame acoustic interaction and local pressure peaks, seem to be closely related to a change in the burning behaviour induced by the venting process. Flame acoustic interaction and local pressure peaks arise as a consequence of the change in the burning behaviour of the flame. This paper analyses the video recording of the flame front produced during the TP experimental campaign, performed by UNIPI in the project HySEA, to analyse qualitatively the contribution of the generated flow field in a vented deflagration in its pressure-time history.

Published
2017

17. 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions, Proceedings

Author

Baumann, Florian, Beyer, Michael, Brandes, Elisabeth, Brunzendorf, Jens, Chowhan, Sai charan singh, Esmaeelzade, Ghazaleh, Essmann, Stefan, Grosshans, Holger, Hau, Michael, Heilmann, Vanessa, Hilbert, Michael, Himstedt, Matthias, Hirsch, Werner, Krause, Tim, Kummer, Johann-Robert, Lienesch, Frank, Markus, Detlev, Möckel, Dieter, Stolz, Thomas, Susanti, Nuki, Taiwo, Adeyemi, Thedens, Martin, Uber, Carsten, Zakel, Sabine, Abbas, Zaheer, Adamus, Wojciech, Addis, James, Addo, Albert, Allason, Dan, Amez, Isabel, Amyotte, Paul, Askar, Enis, Atanga, Gordon, Ballossier, Yves, Bambauer, Maximilian, Barbu, Bogdan, Barfuss, Christoph, Barowy, Adam, Bauwens, Regis, Bedarev, Igor, Ben Moussa, Rym, Berger, Frank, Berghmans, Jan, Bernard, Laurence, Betteridge, Steven, Bi, Mingshu, Boeck, Lorenz, Brown, Connor, Calero, Mathieu, Carcassi, Marco, Castells, Blanca, Chakraborty, Nilanjan, Chang, Pojul, Charvet, Augustin, Chasko, Linda, Chen, Jenq-Renn, Chen, Tengfei, Cloney, Chris, Clouthier, Martin, Danzi, Enrico, Degrève, Jan, Delon, Eloise, Demoulin, François-Xavier, Dobashi, Ritsu, Dorofeev, Sergey, Drost, Simon, Dufaud, Olivier, Dufour, Anthony, Dutertre, Antoine, Dyduch, Zdzisław, Eckhoff, Rolf, Elio Medina, Javier, El-Zahlanieh, Stéphanie, Endo, Takuma, Erdt, René, Eugene, Y. Ngai, Fernandez Anez, Nieves, Fišerová, Eliška, Franke, Steffen, Franken, Fabian, Franquet, Erwin, Frette, Vidar, Frost, Kirstin, Gabel, Dieter, Gandhi, Pravin, Gao, Wei, Garcia-Torrent, Javier, Geoerg, Paul, Glaude, Pierre-Alexandre, Glechner, Julian, Gödde, Markus, Gorny, Michal, Grønsund Hanssen, Arve, Groß, Hans-Jürgen, Guhathakurta, Swagnik, Hacke, Susanne, Hagen, Bjarne Christian, Harris, Marcia, Hasslberger, Josef, Hébrard, Jérôme, Heilbronn, Daniel, Hisken, Helene, Houim, Ryan, Hu, Qianran, Hu, Yang, Huang, Lei, Hüttenbrenner, Katja, Jallais, Simon, Jambut, Romain, Jamois, Didier, Jenney, Lorraine, Jiang, Haipeng, Johnson, Mike, Johzaki, Tomoyuki, Jones, Silken, Joubert, Lauris, Kadoke, Daniel, Kao, Ting-Jia, Karl, Jan, Kern, Hannes, Khmel, Tatyana, Kim, Wookyung, Klein, Markus, Kleppe, Gisle, Klieger, Alexandra, Klima, Scott, Kong, Depeng, Kornev, Nikolai, Koubkova, Milada, Krause, Ulrich, Krietsch, Arne, Kristen, Andor, Lach, Agnieszka, Lakshmipathy, Sunil, Langrée, Cléante, Lavruk, Sergey, Lecocq, Guillaume, Lee, Chun-Yi, Lefebvre, Xavier, Lepík, Petr, Leprette, Emmanuel, Leroy, Guillaume, Li, Jianguo, Li, Mingzhi, Li, Pengliang, Li, Xuan, Liebner, Christian, Lin, Yu-Jhen, Lin, Zhi-Xuan, Liu, Zhenyi, Lucas, Melodia, Lüth, Peter, Lv, Pengfei, Maas, Ulrich, Malow, Marcus, Marmo, Luca, Marteau, Thibault, Martin, Conor, Mauri, Lorenzo, Medic, Ljiljana, Meier, Mirko, Mele, Maria Luisa, Melguizo-Gavilanes, Josué, Meyer, Anita, Michael-Schulz, Heike, Miller, Derek, Mitu, Maria, Mogi, Toshio, Mynarz, Miroslav, Namba, Takumi, Nguyen, Trung, Norman, Frederik, Ogungbemide, Damilare, Pacault, Stéphanie, Pan, Yangyue, Pang, Lei, Papalexandris, Miltiadis V., Pekalski, Andrzej, Perera, Inoka, Perrin, Laurent, Pietraccini, Matteo, Pini, Tommaso, Pio, Gianmaria, Plischka, Henry, Proust, Christophe, Quillatre, Pierre, Rao, Vendra Chandra Madhav, Ratschow, Aaron, Raupenstrauch, Harald, Raval, Priyank, Reveillon, Julien, Reyes Rodriguez, Monica, Ripley, Robert, Russo, Paola, Salg, Steffen, Salzano, Ernesto, Santandrea, Audrey, Sattelmayer, Thomas, Schiavetti, Martino, Schießl, Robert, Schmidt, Martin, Schröder, Volkmar, Seitz, Franziska, Ševčik, Libor, Shenton, Martyn, Shepherd, Joseph, Sinha, Anubhav, Skjold, Trygve, Snoeys, Jef, Spijker, Christoph, Spitzer, Stefan, Stein, Sigrun, Suchý, Ondřej, Sun, Xiaomeng, Tai, Hui-Chu, Toman, Adrian, Torrado, David, Toth, Florian, Tribouilloy, Benoit, Tropin, Dmitry, Tsai, Hsiao-Yun, Tulach, Ales, Turnow, Johann, Uhlig, Steffen, Uhrland, Dirk, Vagner Gaathaug, Andre, Van Caneghem, Jo, van Wingerden, Kees, van Wingerden, Matthijs, Vanierschot, Maarten, Velagala, Subrahmanyeswara, Verplaetsen, Filip, Vignes, Alexis, Virot, Florent, Vyazmina, Elena, Wang, Changjian, Wen, Jennifer, Werler, Marc, Wu, Chunwei, Wu, Dejian, Yang, Kai, Zalosh, Robert, Zhang, Shulin, and Zhao, Yao

Subjects
Explosion Protection, 020401 chemical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Explosions, 02 engineering and technology, 0204 chemical engineering, Process Safety, Industrial Loss Prevention, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Gas Dynamics
Abstract

It is our pleasure to present the proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE). The publication of these proceedings was heavily affected by the global situation. In light of these challenges, we are happy to compile proceedings consisting of 84 high-quality papers that reflect the scientific state-of-the-art in the following topical categories: Advances in explosion protection: Strategies, measures, and protective equipment; Detonations and DDT; Electro-chemical energy carriers; Explosion modelling and simulation; Explosion prevention; Explosion properties of substances and mixtures; Explosion testing; Explosions of sprays and vapors; Flame propagation and acceleration; Gas, dust, and hybrid mixture explosions; Hydrogen safety and Ignition phenomena. All articles in this volume have been subject to a peer review process administered by the proceeding editors.

18. Homogeneous Hydrogen Deflagrations In Small Scale Enclosure. Experimental Results

Author

Schiavetti Martino, Pini Tommaso, and Carcassi Marco

Subjects
hydrogen, 7. Clean energy, vented deflagration
Abstract

University of Pisa performed experimental tests in a 1 m3 facility, which shape and dimensions resemble a gas cabinet, for the HySEA project, founded by the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking with the aim to conduct pre-normative research on vented deflagrations in real-life enclosures and containers used for hydrogen energy applications, in order to generate experimental data of high quality. The test facility, named Small Scale Enclosure (SSE), had a vent area of 0,42 m2 which location could be varied, namely on the top or in front of the facility, while different types of vent were investigated. Three different ignition location were investigated as well, and the range of Hydrogen concentration ranged between 10 and 18% vol. This paper is aimed to summarize the main characteristics of the experimental campaign as well as to present its results.

19. THE ROLE OF THE FLOW FIELD GENERATED BY THE VENTING PROCESS ON THE PRESSURE TIME HISTORY OF A VENTED DEFLAGRATION

Author

Carcassi, Marco N., Schiavetti, Martino, and Pini, Tommaso

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

Vented deflagrations are one of the most challenging phenomenon to be replicated numerically in order to predict its resulting pressure time history. As a matter of fact a number of different phenomena can contribute to modify the burning velocity of a gas mixture undergoing a deflagration, especially when the flame velocity is considerably lower than the speed of sound. In these conditions acceleration generated by both the flow field induced by the expanding flame and from discontinuities, as the vent opening and the venting of the combustion products, affect the burning velocity and the burning behaviour of the flame. In particular the phenomena affecting the pressure time history of a deflagration after the flame front reaches the vent area, such as flame acoustic interaction and local pressure peaks, seem to be closely related to a change in the burning behaviour induced by the venting process. Flame acoustic interaction and local pressure peaks arise as a consequence of the change in the burning behaviour of the flame. This paper analyses the video recording of the flame front produced during the TP experimental campaign, performed by UNIPI in the project HySEA, to analyse qualitatively the contribution of the generated flow field in a vented deflagration in its pressure-time history.

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