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Importance: An intraoperative higher level of positive end-expiratory positive pressure (PEEP) with alveolar recruitment maneuvers improves respiratory function in obese patients undergoing surgery, but the effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain. Objective: To determine whether a higher level of PEEP with alveolar recruitment maneuvers decreases postoperative pulmonary complications in obese patients undergoing surgery compared with a lower level of PEEP. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized clinical trial of 2013 adults with body mass indices of 35 or greater and substantial risk for postoperative pulmonary complications who were undergoing noncardiac, nonneurological surgery under general anesthesia. The trial was conducted at 77 sites in 23 countries from July 2014-February 2018; final follow-up: May 2018. Interventions: Patients were randomized to the high level of PEEP group (n = 989), consisting of a PEEP level of 12 cm H2O with alveolar recruitment maneuvers (a stepwise increase of tidal volume and eventually PEEP) or to the low level of PEEP group (n = 987), consisting of a PEEP level of 4 cm H2O. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 7 mL/kg of predicted body weight. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was a composite of pulmonary complications within the first 5 postoperative days, including respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchospasm, new pulmonary infiltrates, pulmonary infection, aspiration pneumonitis, pleural effusion, atelectasis, cardiopulmonary edema, and pneumothorax. Among the 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 3 were intraoperative complications, including hypoxemia (oxygen desaturation with Spo2 ≤92% for >1 minute). Results: Among 2013 adults who were randomized, 1976 (98.2%) completed the trial (mean age, 48.8 years; 1381 [69.9%] women; 1778 [90.1%] underwent abdominal operations). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the primary outcome occurred in 211 of 989 patients (21.3%) in the high level of PEEP group compared with 233 of 987 patients (23.6%) in the low level of PEEP group (difference, -2.3% [95% CI, -5.9% to 1.4%]; risk ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.04]; P =.23). Among the 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 6 were not significantly different between the high and low level of PEEP groups, and 3 were significantly different, including fewer patients with hypoxemia (5.0% in the high level of PEEP group vs 13.6% in the low level of PEEP group; difference, -8.6% [95% CI, -11.1% to 6.1%]; P

International audience; Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data.

Macrophomina is a genus belonging to Botryosphaeriaceae that comprises well-known necrotrophic pathogens related to hundreds of plant hosts around the world. Historically, M. phaseolina is the causal agent of charcoal rot in several crops, mainly in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. However, after a recent genetic diversity study using morphological and molecular approaches, which resulted in the epitypification of M. phaseolina, and the description of a new Macrophomina species associated with charcoal rot disease, the hypothesis that other cryptic species could be present under the name M. phaseolina was raised. Previous studies in Brazil revealed a high genetic diversity and different levels of aggressiveness of M. phaseolina isolates associated with charcoal rot in oilseed crops. Thus, the aim of the present study was, through phylogenetic and morphological studies, to determine if isolates of Macrophomina obtained from different oilseed crops represent a single species or distinct taxa. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to identify three different Macrophomina species: M. phaseolina, M. pseudophaseolina and a new phylogenetic species, M. euphorbiicola. This is first report of M. pseudophaseolina in Brazil causing charcoal rot on Arachis hypogaea, Gossypium hirsutum and Ricinus communis and associated with seed decay of Jatropha curcas. In addition, a novel species described in the present study, M. euphorbiicola, is reported as the etiological agent of the charcoal rot on R. communis and Jatropha gossypifolia. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-14T00:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bayesiananalysesoffivegeneregions.pdf: 1730069 bytes, checksum: f5baea4698af5fb640afa9eea7f15fb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2022-09-06T19:19:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) debora_santos_pinho.pdf: 678373 bytes, checksum: d331f41ce5d30d568f41024e014b90bb (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2022-09-06T19:20:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) debora_santos_pinho.pdf: 678373 bytes, checksum: d331f41ce5d30d568f41024e014b90bb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-06T19:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) debora_santos_pinho.pdf: 678373 bytes, checksum: d331f41ce5d30d568f41024e014b90bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 Os Sistemas de Informa??o em Sa?de s?o ferramentas fundamentais para a Epidemiologia e Sa?de P?blica. Transmitem informa??es imprescind?veis para a formula??o de pol?ticas p?blicas, bem como para a incorpora??o de a??es e estrat?gias de enfrentamento a doen?as e agravos. No Brasil, o Sistema de Informa??o de Agravos de Notifica??o ? o principal sistema de informa??o utilizado pela Aten??o Prim?ria, cujo objetivo primordial ? fornecer informa??es de sa?de sobre as regi?es de sa?de, por meio da coleta, processamento, an?lise e transmiss?o de informa??es relacionadas ?s doen?as, agravos e eventos. O presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa explorat?ria, quantitativa- qualitativa desenvolvida atrav?s da aplica??o de question?rio semiestruturado, do tipo atitudinal ou Likert, a 51 profissionais Enfermeiros e M?dicos da Aten??o Prim?ria ? Sa?de de um munic?pio mineiro, a fim de averiguar a percep??o dos profissionais sobre o SINAN e o processo de notifica??o de doen?as. Para a an?lise dos dados, foi realizado o teste de correla??o qui-quadrado e o c?lculo das frequ?ncias absolutas. De acordo com os dados obtidos, existem fatores que contribuem com o processo de notifica??o de doen?as e fatores que dificultam a correta notifica??o de doen?as nos Sistemas de Informa??o em Sa?de. Concluiu-se que, apesar da exist?ncia de subnotifica??es no SINAN, a notifica??o ? percebida pelos profissionais como um processo de grande import?ncia para a epidemiologia e sa?de p?blica. Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ensino em Sa?de, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. Health Information Systems are fundamental tools for Epidemiology and Public Health. They transmit information essential for the formulation of public policies, as well as for the incorporation of actions and strategies to deal with diseases and diseases. In Brazil, the Notifiable Diseases Information System is the main information system used by Primary Care, whose primary objective is to provide health information about health regions, through the collection, processing, analysis and transmission of information related to diseases, injuries and events. The present study is an exploratory, quantitative-qualitative research developed through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire, of the attitudinal type or Likert, to 51 professionals Nurses and Doctors of Primary Health Care in a city of Minas Gerais, in order to ascertain the perception professionals about SINAN and the disease notification process. For the analysis of the data, the chi-square correlation test and the calculation of the absolute frequencies were performed. According to the data obtained, there are factors that contribute to the process of notification of diseases and factors that hinder the correct notification of diseases in the Health Information Systems. It was concluded that, despite the existence of under-notifications in SINAN, notification is perceived by professionals as a process of great importance for epidemiology and public health.

ECO-BIO 2016, Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is a fundamental step in the carbon cycle and in the industrial bioconversion of biomass to biofuels. In nature cellulose hydrolysis is often catalysed by enzymes from complex microbial communities, nevertheless these studies are limited to a few isolates. Actually the production of biofuels from biomass became a necessity and novel pre-treatments are mandatory to be discovered. Thereby the study of cellulose hydrolysing bacterial communities is a step in achieving a sustainable future in biofuels development. We propose the stabilization of an aerobic thermophilic bacterial consortia (BC) with the ability to adapt and hydrolyse different cellulose-rich wastes. Decaying cellulosic residues were sampled inside Azorean hot springs. Samples were enriched in cellulosic selective medium at 60ºC with growth monitored quantifying DNA. Hydrolysis efficiency was monitored and enzymatic activity was detected using xylan and carboxymetylcellulose (CMC). 16S rRNA hypervariable regions V3/V4 were amplified for phylogenetic characterization of BC using 454 pyrosequencing. Selected BC was able to hydrolyse 50% of cellulose-rich plant mix material in 4 days. Besides hydrolysing low content lignin material as non-wood plants, newspaper and cardboard, the consortia was able to hydrolyse high lignin content material, with lower efficiency. Celulase and xylanase were present in BC and reducing sugars were shown to be higher, compared with control. The phylogenetic results showed a large diversity in the BC with Thermobacillus representing 44% of the consortia, followed by Symbiobacterium 25%, Brevibacillus 16%, Geobacillus 12% and Hipomicrobium 3%. Three Geobacillus species were identified; G. stearothermophilus, G.thermodenitrificans and G.debilis. Further work will comply the isolation of enzyme producing bacteria isolates from the consortia for the construction of new consortia taking in consideration the efficiency of cellulose rich wastes. These results suggest that bacterial communities can be an alternative pre-treatment method of green wastes to obtain molecules to biofuels production., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies in HIV infected women and the association between recurrent genital ulcerations and HIV disease progression in HSV-2 positive women. Methods: The presence of HSV antibodies was tested in 276 of the 487 women participating in a European cohort study of HIV infected women. Prevalence rate ratios described the association between HSV infection and its risk factors, using log binomial regression. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) analysis was performed to determine the impact of markers of HIV disease progression on recurrent genital ulcerations. Results: The prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies was 76% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 71–81) and 42% (95% CI: 36–50); 30% (95% CI: 24–35) of the women had antibodies against both HSV-1 and HSV-2. The prevalence of HSV-1 was 86% (95% CI: 80–92) in southern Europe compared with 69% (95% CI: 57–79) and 67% (95% CI: 55–77) in central and northern Europe (p=0.002). This geographical variation remained after adjustment for other risk factors. An increasing number of years of sexual activity (p=0.0002) and a history of prostitution (p=0.0001) were independently associated with HSV-2 prevalence. In HSV-2 positive women, symptomatic cases of HSV infection were minimal, but increased with decreasing CD4 count. Conclusion: In HIV infected women, the prevalence of HSV antibodies is high and symptomatic cases of HSV infection are minimal, but increase with decreasing CD4 count. HSV-2 but not HSV-1 was related to sexual behaviour (that is, a history of prostitution and the number of sexually active years) in this group of HIV infected women. Key Words: herpes simplex viruses; genital ulcerations; HIV infection; women; Europe

Image analysis is extremely important to obtain crucial information about the blood phenomena in micro-circulation. The current study proposes an automatic method for segmentation and tracking red blood cells (RBCs) flowing through a 100 μm Glass capillary. The original images were obtained by means of a confocal system and then processed in Matlab using the Image Processing Toolbox. The automatic measurements ob-tained with the proposed automatic method are compared with a manual tracking method using a plugin from ImageJ. The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by: PTDC/SAU-BEB/108728/2008, PTDC/SAU-BEB/105650/2008 and PTDC/EME-MFE/099109/2008 from the FCT (Science and Technology Foundation) and COMPETE, Portugal.

[resumo] [abstract]