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Ana Rita Pinheiro Barcessat,1,* Marina Nolli Bittencourt,2,* Rebeca Góes Gonçalves,1 Ana Vitoria Goncalves de Oliveira Cruz,1 José Alfredo Coelho Pereira,3 Fabio Augusto Bechelli,4 Arianna Rinaldi3,5 1Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil; 2Department of Nursing, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil; 3Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy; 4International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Brazilian Branch, São Paulo, Brazil; 5Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Arianna RinaldiDepartment of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ItalyEmail ari@irf.itIntroduction: The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the effects of two different modalities of administration of the neuro psycho physical optimization (NPPO) neuromodulation treatment, applied with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) biotechnology devices. Both the modalities are aimed at improving the strategies to deal with and optimize the allostatic response to environmental stressors and exposome. This allows to reduce the dysfunctional adaptive behavior patterns, which underlie many neuropsychological symptoms and pathologies, and to improve the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress.Materials and Methods: From a population of subjects experiencing at least two of the three symptoms depression, anxiety and stress, the selection of pre and post-treatment Depression, Anxiety, Stress 21 items scale (DASS 21) data was made proceeding with a reverse chronological recruitment mechanism, until reaching 150 subjects for each of the 2 groups. The first group was treated with the neuro psycho physical optimization treatment (NPPO), which is the punctiform modality of administration on the auricle pavilion, and the second group was treated with the neuro psycho physical optimization treatment, which is the area modality of administration applied by the planar probe on the cervicobrachial area (NPPO-CB).Results: The Wilcoxon signs test confirmed the differences in scores in pre and post-treatment DASS-21. The comparison between the two groups data and the comparison across groups data showed that NPPO and NPPO-CB have the same efficacy in reducing the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, after a single treatment cycle. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Discussion: This is the first efficacy descriptive comparison between the two different modalities of administration of the NPPO treatment, as different options for the same clinical indication.Keywords: neuromodulation, noninvasive neurostimulation, behavioral disorders, DASS-21

Ana Rita Pinheiro Barcessat,1,* Marina Nolli Bittencourt,2,* Larissa Duarte Ferreira,3 Erick de Souza Neri,3 José Alfredo Coelho Pereira,4 Fabio Bechelli,5 Arianna Rinaldi4,6 1Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil; 2Department of Nursing, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil; 3Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil; 4Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy; 5International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, Brazil; 6Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Arianna RinaldiDepartment of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ItalyEmail ari@irf.itIntroduction: In addition to the effects of coronavirus infection, the Covid-19 pandemic has induced widespread psychosocial distress, which has triggered the onset of anxious and depressive states, reactive to the socio-relational and economic situation induced by the pandemic. Some of our participants showed depressive and anxious attitudes even in the absence of real pictures of depression and anxiety. This phenomenon, combined with mechanisms of emulation and conditioning, can trigger a vicious cycle within interpersonal relationships and promote the administration of unnecessary treatments. Various approaches have been proposed to help populations suffering from psychosocial problems induced by the Covid-19 pandemic, but there is an objective difficulty in treating a large population.Methods: To contain and reduce this widespread psychosocial unease, in this study we used two radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology neuromodulation treatments, neuro postural optimization (NPO) and neuropsychophysical optimization–cervicobrachial (NPPO-CB), aimed at optimizing an individual’s response to the effects of environmental stressors. These treatments are quick and easy to administer; therefore, they can be administered to a large cohort of participants in a short time. To evaluate the effects of the REAC NPO and NPPO-CB treatments, the DASS-21 psychometric test was used because it has already been used to test depression, anxiety, and stress during the Covid-19 pandemic.Results: The results of the study confirm the usefulness of REAC NPO and NPPO-CB treatments in helping participants to have better coping strategies for the environmental pressures and reduce the neuropsychological and behavioral effects induced by the Covid-19 pandemic.Discussion: The results obtained in this study are consistent with previous clinical studies confirming the usefulness of the treatments to face neuropsychological and behavioral effects induced by exposome pressure.Keywords: coronavirus, behavioral disorders, noninvasive neurostimulation, DASS-21

Pinheiro Barcessat AR, Nolli Bittencourt M, Duarte Ferreira L, et al. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020;13:929–937. The authors have advised there is an error in the author list on page 929. The author name “Erick de Souza Neri” should read “Erick Souza Neri”. The authors apologize for this error. Read the original article

Background The deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry is defined as fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and is a common phenomenon among living organisms. This deviation from perfection is thought to reflect the environmental pressures experienced during development and, therefore, the FA represents an epigenetic measure of the environmental stress, which affects all living beings from conception, progressively affecting all aspects of life. Rinaldi and Fontani hypothesized that the FA morpho-functional changes are originated by an adaptive motor behavior determined by functional alterations in the cerebellum and neural circuits, not caused by a lesion, but induced by the experienced environmental stress. They identified in the asymmetric activation of symmetrical muscle groups, detectable even in healthy subjects, the expression of the dysfunctional adaptation state of the subject and named this clinical semeiotic phenomenon functional dysmetria (FD). On these premises, they developed the radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology, a neuromodulation technology aimed at optimizing the best neuro-psycho-motor strategies in relation to environmental interaction. Neuro postural optimization (NPO) is a neurobiological stimulation treatment administered with the REAC technology and it has been specifically studied to treat the state of dysfunctional adaptation that is revealed through the presence of FD. Aim The purpose of this study was to verify whether a single administration of the REAC NPO treatment can trigger the improvement of the capacity of stress management and the quality of life in a population of children housed in a group home in Macapá, Brazil. Materials and methods The sample of this study consisted of nine children (six boys and three girls) in the age group of 6-11 years, which represented the totality of the children present in the structure. The children was investigated for the assessment of the presence of functional dysmetria and with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM 4.0 (PedsQL) before and one week after the administration of the REAC NPO. Results The stable disappearance of FD was found in all children at follow-up. In addition, improvements were found in stress management and quality of life, in the physical, emotional, social, and scholastic aspects evaluated with PedsQL. Conclusions It was seen that the REAC NPO neurobiological modulation treatment induced the stable disappearance of FD and triggered the initial improvement of neurophysical aspects also in a population of children housed in a group home in the Amazon region of Macapá, Brazil., Competing Interests: A.R. is the daughter of Salvatore Rinaldi and Vania Fontani who have the patent for the REAC technology medical device, (Copyright © 2022, Gonçalves de Oliveira Cruz et al.)

Objective: The 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) model for carcinogenesis has been used to investigate cancer stem cells (CSC), but no study has addressed the role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR ) in 4-NQO-induced oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemistry profile of the p75 NTR during 4-NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis in rats and to verify whether this profile has an association with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabeling., Design: For 28 weeks, rats were exposed to 4-NQO, which was diluted in the drinking water. After 3, 5, 7, 16, and 28 weeks, the animals were euthanized and their tongues were histologically analyzed using p75 NTR and PCNA immunolabeling., Results: In animals without 4-NQO exposure, the p75 NTR and PCNA were expressed only in the basal epithelial layer and in a clustered manner. The oral epithelium showed dysplasia and a significant increase in the number of p75 NTR - and PCNA-positive cells, which were localized mainly in the basal and suprabasal epithelial layers during weeks 5-16 of 4-NQO exposure. When the epithelium invaded the lamina propria and well-differentiated OSCC began, the p75 NTR -positive cell frequency drastically decreased in epithelial cords and nests, showing a negative correlation with PCNA expression. p75 NTR immunolabeling during 4-NQO-induced carcinogenesis was similar to that described for human head and neck dysplasia and neoplasia., Conclusions: p75 NTR immunolabeling observed in 4-NQO-induced oral dysplastic and OSCC lesions were related to the early phases of oral carcinogenesis and may help predict cell dysplasia and malignant transformation., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)