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This study examined the concordance of penile and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the United States. A total of 1683 men aged 18-59 years who participated in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and had results of oral and penile HPV DNA testing were examined. The prevalence of any HPV genotype was 45.3% on the penis, 11.2% in the oral cavity, and 8.8% at both sites. The prevalence of HPV in the oral cavity was higher among those with than among those without penile HPV infection (19.3% vs 4.4%; prevalence ratio, 4.37 [95% confidence interval, 2.66-7.16]). The prevalence of ≥1 genotype-concordant HPV infection was 3.2% and was associated with sexual behavior, independent of demographic characteristics and smoking status. Sexual behavior may partly explain the observed association between penile and oral HPV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During infection, plasma membrane ( PM) blebs protect host cells against bacterial pore-forming toxins ( PFTs), but were also proposed to promote pathogen dissemination. However, the details and impact of blebbing regulation during infection remained unclear. Here, we identify the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone Gp96 as a novel regulator of PFT-induced blebbing. Gp96 interacts with non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA ( NMHCIIA) and controls its activity and remodelling, which is required for appropriate coordination of bleb formation and retraction. This mechanism involves NMHCIIA-Gp96 interaction and their recruitment to PM blebs and strongly resembles retraction of uropod-like structures from polarized migrating cells, a process that also promotes NMHCIIA-Gp96 association. Consistently, Gp96 and NMHCIIA not only protect the PM integrity from listeriolysin O ( LLO) during infection by Listeria monocytogenes but also affect cytoskeletal organization and cell migration. Finally, we validate the association between Gp96 and NMHCIIA in vivo and show that Gp96 is required to protect hosts from LLO-dependent killing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]