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Objective • To investigate the efficacy and long-term results of transabdominal preperitoneal prosthesis (TAPP) in the treatment of patients with unilateral inguinal hernia (UIH). Methods • Ninety-two patients with UIH admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to August 2021 were selected to be the study subjects of this trial. They were divided into two groups with 46 patients in each, based on whether they were treated with a transabdominal preperitoneal prosthesis (TAPP group) or an open Bassini repair (OBR group). The clinical data of both groups were compared in terms of surgery (time and bleeding), postoperative (length of stay and costs), postoperative (near and far) complications, visual analog (VAS) score within 6 months after surgery, and postoperative SF-36 health survey scale. Results • The mean operative time and intraoperative bleeding were lower in the TAPP group than in the OBR group (P < .05), the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the TAPP group than in the OBR group (P < .05), and the hospital costs were markedly higher in the TAPP group than in the OBR group (P < .05). There was no remarkable difference in the occurrence of postoperative complications between the two groups. The mean VAS score and SF-36 score profiles were better in the TAPP group than in the OBR group at 3 and 14 days after surgery (P < .05), and there were no marked differences in VAS score and SF-36 score profiles between both groups at 2-month and 6-month postoperative follow-up (P > .05). Conclusion • TAPP is effective in treating patients with UIH, improving their pain and quality of life, and safeguarding their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]