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To explore the effects of the components in the raw materials and by-products of co-pyrolysis on the physicochemical properties of biochar, rice husk （RH, which has a high percentage of lignin and a low content of N） and sawdust （SD, which has a high percentage of both cellulose and N） were used as typical raw materials to prepare co-pyrolysis biochar. The benzene vapor adsorption performance of the obtained biochar was then tested on a fixed-bed device. At the same time, the by-product components generated during pyrolysis were analyzed using thermogravimetric （TG）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Several characteristic methods such as X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, and Raman spectroscopy were used for the structural analysis of biochar. The effect mechanism of the by-products of co-pyrolysis on the structure of biochar and the adsorption efficiency of biochar for benzene vapor was discussed. The results showed that the crystal structures of the prepared samples were not significantly different. The specific surface area of SD with a high cellulose content was 1.6 times higher than that of RH with a high lignin content after pyrolysis. The oleic acid in the raw material had a synergistic effect with the intermediate product, ammonia, from the decomposition of N-containing amino acids during co-pyrolysis. The by-product oleic amide was generated and aggregated to block the pores. The specific surface areas of RC 1 was 134.28 m 2 ·g -1 . The benzene vapor adsorption capacity of co-pyrolysis biochar （RC n ） was worse than that of pyrolysis biochar （RC and SC） and mixing pyrolysis biochar （RC- m SC）. Furthermore, the generation of oleic acid amides decreased with an increase in the amount of sawdust during pyrolysis. Thus, the adsorption capacity and specific surface area of RC 4 increased to 238.78 mg·g -1 and 367.37 m 2 ·g -1 , respectively. The fitting k value from the Yoon Nelson kinetic equation of RC n was 0.060-0.084 min -1 , which was higher than the value of 0.039 min -1 of SC. Thus, the co-pyrolysis improved the adsorption rate. In summary, the by-products of co-pyrolysis had an inhibitory effect on the benzene vapor adsorption capacity of the biochar. As the sawdust ratio increased, the inhibitory effect decreased. Furthermore, the adsorption process was fitted to a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, which mainly consisted of physical adsorption. The regeneration efficiency of RC 3 exceeded 85% after five cycles, indicating its potential for industrial applications. The results revealed the key factor in the benzene adsorption performance of co-pyrolysis biochar from the composition of raw materials and by-products and provided a reference for the reduction, resource utilization, and harmless utilization of biomass.

Background: Ewing sarcomas (ESs) are highly aggressive malignancy and are predominant in the long bones of extremities of children and young adults with a slight male predilection and rarely presents at extra skeletal locations., Case Summary: A 55-year-old woman came to our hospital after finding elevated tumor biomarkers during her physical examination. Her enhanced computed tomography scan showed a jejunal mass. The patient underwent laparoscopic enterectomy. The mass was later diagnosed as ES, evidenced by fluorescence in situ hybridization whereby the GLP ES breakpoint region 1 probe was used, showing that more than 10% of the cells showed a red-green-yellow signal proving the breakpoint rearrangement of the ES breakpoint region 1 gene in chromosome 22., Conclusion: We describe a case of localized ES at the jejunum in China based on the literature., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) has been identified recently as a novel adipokine due to its close link with lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as regulation of body weight. The aim of our present study is to investigate the ZAG genetic polymorphism association with obesity in Chinese north Han population., Design and Methods: Five SNPs of ZAG gene including rs2247607 (A>T), rs4727442 (G>T), rs4215 (A>G), rs2527923 (C>T) and rs2527882 (C>T) were genotyped in 648 overweight/obese patients and 313 healthy controls by TaqMan-PCR methods. Crosstabs statistical analysis method with subjects stratifying by age (≦ 30 y, 31-45 y, ≧ 46 y) and gender was used., Results: The results showed the constitution of three genotype frequencies in rs4215 (A>G) site significantly differs in male subgroup (aged 31-45 y) between overweight/obese and healthy control group (χ(2)=6.401, P=0.041). GG genotype frequency in overweight/obese group is 19.3% which is much higher than 6.1% in healthy control group. Further statistical analysis under a recessive inheritance model demonstrated odd ratio (OR) for GG vs. AA+AG in overweight/obese group was 3.674 (95% CI 1.049-12.866; P=0.035). Among three genotypes of rs4215, the subjects with GG genotype have much more higher body weight, BMI, waist circumference and SBP., Conclusion: Our data, for the first time, suggest the genotypes of rs4215 in ZAG gene are significantly associated with obesity in Chinese north Han population. GG genotype subjects in rs4215 site have an increased susceptibility to obesity when compared with the AA+AG genotype subjects., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Context: Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily of signal transduction proteins, which plays an important role in muscular growth and lipid metabolism., Objective: To study the association of myostatin gene polymorphisms with obesity in Chinese north Han human subjects., Design: 297 healthy and 606 over-weight/obesity Chinese north Han subjects were selected as healthy control group and overweight/obesity group, respectively. The methods of DNA Sequencing, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and TaqMan® probe were used to screen myostatin gene SNPs and clarify genotype in every individual., Results: Total 11 SNPs in MSTN gene were identified by DNA sequencing and three SNPs including rs35781413 (G/A), rs3791783 (A/G) and rs3791782 (A/G) were selected for further study in total 903 samples. The results showed that the frequency of AA genotype of rs3791783 A/G SNP was significantly higher (56.4% vs. 50.8%) and the frequency GG genotype was significantly lower (3.2% vs. 6.7%) in overweight/obese patients than in normal weight subjects. A logistic regression analysis under a recessive inheritance model (AA+AG vs.GG) demonstrated that the Odd ratio for AA+AG vs.GG were 1.985 (95% CI 1.078-3.643; P=0.029). Among three genotypes of rs3791783, the subjects with AA genotype have much more higher body weight, BMI, waist circumference, TC, TG and LDL-C than those with GG genotype., Conclusions: Our data firstly suggest that genetic variant rs3791783 A/G in myostatin gene are associated with obesity. The A allele carriers in rs3791783 SNP have an increased susceptibility to obesity compared with the G allele carriers. Participants with AA genotype in rs3791783 SNP site will have higher risk suffered from overweight or obesity than those with GG genotype., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)