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Objective: To analyze the importance of making a good diagnosis of sinusitis of odontogenic origin, by means of a search in different digital databases. Methodology: A bibliographic search was performed in the Pubmed and Scopus databases of studies published between 2017-2022 using keywords, in addition, the Boolean operator AND was used for the union between these descriptors and the inquiry questions were asked based on the abbreviation PICO. Results: 1270 studies were obtained between the two digital databases, of which 50 were selected after applying exclusion and inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Odontogenic sinusitis should be diagnosed by a multidisciplinary Odontologist-Otorhinolaryngologist. The most frequent odontogenic foci are periapical pathologies, previous surgeries, molars that are close to the floor of the maxillary sinus. Symptoms and radiographic studies such as CBCT should be taken into account.

Introduction: Dental diseases have become the main problems of public health. The prevalence of these diseases has changed throughout the world due to changing lifestyles. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental diseases in adult patients treated in the Clinical Area of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca. January 2023 – June 2023. Methodology: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation was carried out. The population consisted of 545 patients from 20 to 65 years of age treated in the General Diagnosis Area of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca and the sample was 227 of these patients. The technique used was the review of medical records to obtain the data. Office Excel 16 software was used for descriptive statistical analysis through frequencies and percentages. Results: 60.35% of the population was made up of women. The most frequent diseases were dental caries with 91.19% and periodontal disease with 82.82%. The female population presents higher prevalence figures with 55.51% in dental caries and 50.66% in periodontal disease, compared to 35.68% and 32.16% in men. The age groups with the highest prevalence of dental disease were 20 to 35 years and 36 to 50 years. Conclusions: The most prevalent dental diseases were dental caries and periodontal disease, which mainly affect women. The figures found are lower than those of other reports.

to provide an anatomical description of the palatal region, both hard palate and soft palate, describing its irrigation and innervation through a tomographic approach and illustrations of its structures, synthesizing the criteria of several authors after a bibliographic review. Methods: the literature review was performed using information from books of human anatomy, human embryology, oral and maxillofacial surgery and scientific articles from the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). These databases were found in the Regional Documentation Center Juan Bautista Vázquez, (library of the University of Cuenca). Results: a search using keywords and Boolean operators yielded a database with 4,120 articles. Then, 25 articles were analyzed after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, a total of 16 books of human anatomy, human embryology, oral and maxillofacial surgery were analyzed, of which 11 were excluded due to repetitive and incomplete information on the anatomical region under study. Conclusions: the palatal region is a very vascularized and innervated area formed by a hard structure located in the anterior area of the palate and a soft structure in the posterior area, as well as vascular, nervous, muscular, mucous, membranous and glandular elements. By knowing the normal anatomy of this region, it will be possible to efficiently identify pathologies or alterations that may affect it.

This bibliographic review article based on the search for articles was carried out with the purpose of recognizing the anatomical structures of the floor of the mouth and the elements that constitute it, as well as the findings that could be relevant. The floor of the mouth is an odd region that is found below the tongue within the oral cavity, its study is essential for the dentist since there are certain conditions that can involve this area, such as; obstructions of the submandibular duct, cystic lesions, tumors, etc.; the same ones that can cause severe problems, if not diagnosed in time, in addition, complications such as insufficient dental anesthesia during certain procedures can be due to the presence of accessory nerve communications, therefore, knowing the complex anatomy of this region is essential. Methodology: A search was carried out in the digital databases in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Academic Google, selecting those articles that have been carried out in adult humans and that are oriented to the morphological description of the elements of the floor of the mouth. Results: From a total of 107 articles and after a methodical analysis, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 articles were finally chosen to be analyzed and 2 books on human anatomy. Conclusions: The deep knowledge of the anatomy of the structures that make up the floor of the mouth is of vital importance for all professionals who perform procedures in the oral cavity.

Tooth extraction is a frequent treatment in the field of dentistry that results in the reabsorption of the alveolar bone, which is why different techniques have been developed for its regeneration. Plate- let-rich fibrin (PRF) is defined as a second-generation platelet concentrate composed of leukocytes, platelets, cytokines and growth factors obtained by centrifugation of the patient’s blood that favors tissue regeneration after its application in surgeries such as the exodontics. A root remnant was extracted with the application of a plug and FRP membrane, the postoperative evaluation was ca- rried out one week, two months and four months after the surgical intervention. The objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of platelet-rich fibrin on bone regeneration of the dental alveolus by means of two cone beam computed tomography scans and a periapical radiograph, postoperative pain and wound healing. The tomographic and radiographic findings show that the application of FRP favors the bone regeneration of the post extraction alveolus.

The foreign body reaction is an immune response that consists of a persistent inflammatory state in which a device, prosthesis, or biomaterial is rejected by the body, which induces its phagocytosis or unsuccessful degradation. After this frustrated elimination process, it causes the macrophages to fuse to form giant foreign body cells, and after the accumulation of collagen secreted by fibroblasts, the formation of a fibrous capsule occurs that isolates the biomaterial from the tissue medium. The treatment of this reaction consists of the surgical removal of the lesion with the subsequent regeneration of the defect, constituting the grafts and bone substitutes as the best therapeutic option and highlighting among these both autografts and allografts. In this review of the literature, the clinical case of a foreign body reaction in the maxilla is presented with its clinical and radiographic characteristics, treatment and postoperative clinical control.

This article describes the technique used for maxillary sinus floor elevation with a lateral window approach, where bone grafting was used. The placement of dental implants in the posterior area of the upper jaw presents some difficulties due to the bone remaining in relation to the maxillary sinus floor. The factors that can affect are: the premature absence of permanent teeth, periodontal diseases, structure alterations of the maxillary sinus, like (hyperneumatization), which generates the need to search new options to rehabilitate and get more bone surface, allowing a correct and effective osseointegration, giving the required stability

Bizarre parostal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP for its acronym and abbreviation in English) or also called Nora's disease is a rare, benign lesion, whose radiographic characteristics such as cortical widening and corticomedullary continuity of the underlying cortex and histological characteristics such as the socalled “blue bone” can lead to a misdiagnosis. Most of the cases reported in the literature correspond to the small tubular bones of the hands and feet, being the involvement of the skull and jaws extremely rare. The etiology of this disease is not yet well defined and is a matter of controversy, since there are two theories regarding the subject, the first theory mentions that BPOP is part of a reactive mechanism and it is an intermediate phase between florid reactive periostitis and turret exostosis, while the neoplastic theory mentions that BPOP is the product of a genetic abnormality. Treatment is surgical and includes surgical excision, simple resection and resection with wide margins; the lesion presents high recurrence (50%) for this reason, when it occurs in small bones such as metacarpals, total amputation of the bone is chosen. For the correct and definitive diagnosis of BPOP, a meticulous clinical, radiographic and histological analysis will be carried out. Here we present a case of BPOP involving the alveolar ridge of the mandible of a 72-year-old woman. This would be the ninth published case of bizarre parostal osteochondromatous proliferation corresponding to the maxillofacial region and the fifth case located in the mandible.

The dentigerous cyst is an odontogenic cyst of development, its exact cause is still unknown, but some theories have been proposed. This lesion it is the second most common cyst of the jaw in the posterior sector at the level of the third molar and has a frequency of 20.6%, it is usually presents between 10 and 30 years of age with a predilection for the male sex. It is an asymptomatic lesion unless it presents infection, they are discovered by a radiographic finding and its treatment consists of enucleation and in some cases marsupialization. The objective of this article, which shows a case of a dentigerous cyst with its characteristics, lies in the importance of its conservative treatment for the subsequent mandibular bone regeneration and rehabilitation with dental implants in order to restore function and quality of life to an elderly patient, whose postoperative follow-up was 10 months.

Ankyloglossia is a congenital abnormality, more linked to the male sex and with a prevalence of 4 to 10% in live newborns. This presents as a short or very anterior lingual frenulum; causing difficulty, limitation and impossibility for the tongue to fulfill its role within the stomatognathic system. The treatment for this condition is frenectomy, this procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia in children of an early age, therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present a protocol for early frenectomy care with topical anesthesia and / or local treatment for the treatment of ankyloglossia in children under 5 years of age since the early diagnosis of ankyloglossia can result in a quick, effective solution, with minimization of its effects on the child and in some cases with a shorter and easier postoperative period. By the way, we present two cases where in the first case it is a 2-month-old girl and the second case a 4-case boy, in the first case a frenotomy was performed and in the second case a frenectomy.

Background: pain is one of the main symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, and has high frequency in dentistry professionals. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, and socio-demographic and occupational factors associated with dentists working in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out in 240 dentists enrolled in the Azuay Provincial Health Directorate of the city of Cuenca-Ecuador until 2015. The Kuorinka questionnaire was used to determine musculoskeletal symptoms. A form was created with sociodemographic variables and pain characteristics to establish statistical associations. The information was processed in the statistical package SPSS version 22. Results: 58.7% corresponded to the female sex. The average age was 37 years with an SD of 11.6. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 73.3%, being located in more than one anatomical region. 90.3% attributed the pain to work causes. The factors associated with pain were: female sex, sedentary lifestyle, work in the public sector and workload greater than 30 hours per week. Musculoskeletal pain in dentists is statistically associated to: female sex (OR= 2.60, 95% CI= 1.35 – 4.99, p= 0.004), sedentary lifestyle (OR= 2.42, 95% CI= 1,20 – 4.89, p= 0.013), practice in the public area (OR= 2.97, IC 95%= 1.26 – 6.99, p= 0.012) and workload greater than 30 hours per week (OR= 2.21, IC 95%= 1.15 – 4.21, p= 0.017). Conclusions: the practice of dental practice is a risk factor for the generation of musculoskeletal disorders

OBJECTIVE. Determine knowledge that dentists have in the urban area of Cuenca about antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018. The sample was representative and randomized, with a scope of 212 dentists. A previously validated survey was applied to register sex, professional experience, degree education, aspects related to family knowledge to which antibiotics belong and antibiotic spectrum, American Heart Association criteria and prescription of antibiotics, were included dentists who were working in the urban area of Cuenca, in full exercise, and achieve the respective criteria. RESULTS. Out of the 212 surveyed dentists a 56.6% obtained regular level, a 22.6% obtained good level and a 20.8% a bad level from the total knowledge. On the antibiotic family and antibiotic spectrum knowledge, 43.1% of dentists obtained a bad level and 56.9% at a good level. When it comes to the knowledge of prophylaxis and criteria of the AHA, 39.5% of dentists obtained a bad level and 60.5% at the good level. About the prescription knowledge, 60.5% of the dentists obtained a bad level and 39.5% at the good level. And according to the antibiotic of choice, 38.4% of dentists obtained a bad level, and 61.6% a good level. Conclusions. The highest percentage reached out of all the dentists surveyed was regular knowledge (56.6%), followed by good knowledge (22.6%) and finally bad knowledge (20.8%)

The maxillary sinuses are air cavities that are located bilaterally in the middle third of the face; the growth and development of these structures are progressive up to a certain age and are influenced by factors such as: racial characteristics, environmental factors, lifestyles, facial morphology and sex. The present study is described as a descriptive cross-sectional investigation that determined the average values of maxillary sinus height and width through the analysis of panoramic radiographs, 390 radiographs were analyzed, 195 of male and 195 female subjects, establishing that the average height and width dimensions of the male on the right side were 27.28mm and 39.98mm and on the left side were 27.29mm and 39.88mm respectively, while in the female sex found average values of height and width on the right side of 26.89mm and 37.52mm and on the left side of 26.50mm and one of 37.52 respectively, it was also described that the width of the maxillary sinuses in the male sex is higher than in the female sex (p value 0.000), while in the high one no statistically values were found significant differences between the two groups studied

Background: The MIC is an anterior extension of the mandibular canal of the mental foramen that contains a neurovascular bundle. CBCT allows its assessment to avoid alterations in its structure. Objetive: Determine the prevalence and characteristics of the mandibular incisor canal using CBTC. Methodology: A descriptive and observational research was carried out. The sample consisted of 93 tomographies taken at “Innova Radiografía Dento Maxilo Facial” of the city of Cuenca from 01-10-16 until 30-09-17. The radiology center database was reviewed and the analyzed the CBTC's using the software iDixel 7.0.0.1, the information was processed with the SPSS V.23. Results: The prevalence of MIC was 95.7% and was visualized mainly in males (97.5%). In 80.9% of patients, the position of the canal is bilateral, when unilateral it prevails on the left side of the jaw (12.4%). In both sexes, the bilateral channel is more frequent, especially in women (88%). Unilateral positions, either right or left, predominate in men (12.8% and 15.4%). The average dimensions of the MIC were: (right / left) length: 8.59 ± 3.40 mm / 9.07 ± 3.30 mm, vertical maximum diameter: 1.88 ± 0.59 mm / 1.93 ± 0.54 mm and anteroposterior maximum diameter: 2.02 ± 0.54 mm / 2.07 ± 0.53 mm). Conclusions: The prevalence of the mandibular incisor channel is high, with morphological characteristics in our population, which is why it is necessary to identify and assess it using cone beam computed tomography

The present study was a descriptive cross - sectional study with the objective of determining the prevalence of complications during simple exodontia in patients treated in the surgery area of the Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca. Materials and methods. For the collection of the information, a form containing general patient data and specific to each complication was used. For the analysis and tabulation of data the program was used: SPSS version 20 Spanish and Microsoft Excel 2013. Descriptive statistics were used in proportions and percentages, the results were presented using graphs and tables. Results. The results showed a prevalence of complications of 42,5% corresponding to 120 dental pieces, the female sex (60,8%), the age group of 18 to 40 years old (80,4%) and the maxillary molars (43,2%) showed a higher prevalence of complications during the simple exodontic procedure. Pain (56,9%) and fracture of the tooth to be extracted (45,1%) were the most frequent complications

Unerupted third molar extraction is the most common surgical procedure in dentistry due to the known association with the development of different pathological conditions. That is why most of the times they are removed for prophylactic reasons, taking interceptive or preventive action to avoid the appearance of unwanted clinical symptoms in the patient. For the diagnostic and treatment plan done previously to the third molar extraction, it is necessary to take a panoramic radiography of the patient, afterwards the course of action is decided. For this we propose the use of a new classification written by Sandhu & Kaur, this allows us to determine the third molar inclination with the adjacent second molar. The general objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of mandibular third molars with the basis of the classification proposed by Sandhu & Kaur; 400 panoramic radiographs, obtained from the Centro de Rayos X & Imagen were observed, which resulted in the study of 688 inferior third molars. The results showed a bigger prevalence of the mesioangular position in both genders, as well as in the 17 to 26 years age group; while the over 26 years age group resulted in the vertical position being the most numerous one. The data obtained matches the revised scientific evidence for this study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis vs postoperative antibiotic therapy for 7 days as a preventive method of infection in included and semi included third molars surgery. Materials and methods: A observational descriptive study was done in 30 patients who were treated in the Surgery area of the Dentistry school at the University of Cuenca in the period of March - June 2015; randomly divided into group A (n = 15) who received antibiotic prophylaxis with 2 g of amoxicillin one hour before the intervention and group B (n = 15) who received antibiotic therapy of 500 mg of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 125 mg orally every eight hours for seven days. Clinical signs (edema, erythema, pain, lymphadenopathy, general discomfort, purulent exudate, fever) were evaluated at 8 and 15 days after the surgery. Results: No statistically significant difference was found evaluating Clinical signs of infection between the two groups of the study and there were not any patient that presented purulent exudate, fever, lymphadenopathy or general discomfort. Conclusions: The use of prophylactic antibiotics as a preventive method of oral infection after surgery of included and semi Included third molars in ASA I patients was as effective as antibiotic therapy for 7 days

A descriptive retrospective study was realized through the analysis of panoramic radiographs obtained from the Dentistry Faculty of the Universidad de Cuenca. From a grand total of 1186 radiographs, 400 were selected, in which position and class according to Pell & Gregory of the impacted lower third molars. Position of the lower third molar in relation to de occlusal plane and cervical level of the adjoining second molar, also, for the class determination, discrepancy between the tooth lateral diameter and the disposable space between the second molar and the anterior border of the mandibular branch was measured. The result was a predominant Class II, Position B for both sides. Keywords: Third molar, dental retention, panoramic radiograph