1. In Vitro and In Vivo Antimicrobial Activities of Minocycline in Combination with Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, or Tigecycline against Pythium insidiosum.
- Author
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Jesus FP, Loreto ÉS, Ferreiro L, Alves SH, Driemeier D, Souza SO, França RT, Lopes ST, Pilotto MB, Ludwig A, Azevedo MI, Ribeiro TC, Tondolo JS, and Santurio JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Synergism, Drug Therapy, Combination, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Multivariate Analysis, Pythiosis microbiology, Pythiosis pathology, Pythium genetics, Pythium growth & development, Pythium isolation & purification, Rabbits, Skin drug effects, Skin microbiology, Skin pathology, Tigecycline, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Azithromycin pharmacology, Clarithromycin pharmacology, Minocycline analogs & derivatives, Minocycline pharmacology, Pythiosis drug therapy, Pythium drug effects
- Abstract
The present study investigated the in vitro and the in vivo interactions among azithromycin, clarithromycin, minocycline, and tigecycline against Pythium insidiosum. In vitro antimicrobial activities were determined by the broth microdilution method in accordance with CLSI document M38-A2, and the antibiotic interactions were assayed using the checkerboard MIC format. In vivo efficacy was determined using a rabbit infection model. The geometric mean MICs of azithromycin, clarithromycin, minocycline, and tigecycline against P. insidiosum were, respectively, 1.91, 1.38, 0.91, and 0.79 μg/ml. By checkerboard testing, all combinations resulted in in vitro synergistic interactions (>60%). Antagonism was not observed. The in vivo studies showed that azithromycin (20 mg/kg/day twice daily) alone or in combination with minocycline (10 mg/kg/day twice daily) significantly decreased the fungal burden. This study demonstrates that azithromycin possesses potent curative efficacy against subcutaneous pythiosis in the rabbit model., (Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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