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Abstract Background This case series of 5 patients with severely necrotic mpox highlights the predominantly necrotic nature of lesions seen in cases of severe mpox as shown by skin and lung biopsy, as well as the extensive dissemination of the infection, as shown by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assessment in different body sites. Case presentations Patients were male, the median age was 37, all lived with HIV (2 previously undiagnosed), the median CD4+ cell count was 106 cells/mm3, and 2/5 were not receiving antiretroviral treatment. The most common complication was soft tissue infection. Skin and lung biopsies showed extensive areas of necrosis. Mpox PCR was positive in various sites, including skin, urine, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid. The initiation of antiretroviral treatment, worsened the disease, like that seen in immune reconstitution syndrome. Three patients died due to multiple organ failure, presumably associated with mpox since coinfections and opportunistic pathogens were ruled out. Conclusions Severely necrotic manifestations of mpox in people living with advanced and untreated HIV are related to adverse outcomes.

Summary: Background: Human Bocaviruses (HBoV) can cause acute respiratory tract infections. High coinfection rates cloud its pathogenicity. This study sought to describe the clinical features of HBoV1 disease in children and adults with Influenza-like illness (ILI), exploring associations between viral load, clinical features, and seasonality. Methods: Patients who tested positive for HBoV1 by polymerase chain reaction, enrolled from April 2010 to March 2014 in the ILI002 prospective observational cohort study were included in this cross-sectional nested study. Participants were included in ILI002 if they presented with signs and/or symptoms suggestive of influenza-like illness. Samples were tested for viral load, and NP1 and VP1/VP2 phylogenetic analyses, except for the samples lacking suitable and viable clinical material for genotyping. Findings: We identified HBoV1 in 157 (2.8%) of participants. Prevalence was 4.5% in children and 1.8% in adults. Single HBoV1 detection occurred in 41.1% and 46.3% of children and adults, respectively. Children commonly experienced fever (83.3%), cough with sputum (74.4%), and shortness of breath (72.2%). In the multivariate analysis of children, significant positive associations were detected between viral loads and age (0.20 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.33]), and the presence of fever (2.64 [95% CI: 1.35, 3.94]), nasal congestion (1.03 [95% CI: 0.07, 1.99]), dry cough (1.32 [95% CI: 0.42, 2.22]), chest congestion (1.57 [95% CI: 0.33, 2.80]), red eyes (1.25 [95% CI: 0.35, 2.14]), cough with sputum (1.79 [95% CI: 0.80, 2.78]), and other signs and symptoms such as chills, dizziness, and diaphoresis (1.73 [95% CI: 0.19, 3.27]). In contrast, significant negative associations were found between viral loads and percent neutrophils on the blood count (−0.04 [95% CI: −0.06, −0.02]), fatigue (−1.60 [95% CI: −2.46, −0.74]) and the presence of other symptoms or signs, including adenopathy and rash (−1.26 [95% CI: −2.31, −0.21]). Adults commonly experienced sore throat (73.1%), fatigue (77.4%), and headache (73.1%). In the multivariate analysis of adults, significant positive associations were detected between viral load and body mass index (0.13 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.21]), and the presence of confusion (1.54 [95% CI: 0.55, 2.53]), and sore throat (1.03 [95% CI: 0.20, 1.85]), and significant negative associations were detected between viral load and chest congestion (−1.16 [95% CI: −2.07, −0.24]). HBoV1 was detected throughout the year irrespective of season, temperature, and humidity. Interpretation: This study demonstrated the importance of detecting HBoV1 in patients with influenza-like illness either as single infection or co-infection, in both adults and children, and improves the characterization of HBoV1 seasonality, clinical features, and viral load. Phylogenetic analyses show a high conservation. Funding: The Mexican Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network (LaRed), CONACYT (Fondo Sectorial SSA/IMSS/ISSSTE, Projects No. 71260 and No. 127088), Fondos federales no. HIM/2015/006, NIAID, NIH through a contract with Westat, Inc. (HHSN2722009000031, HHSN27200002), NCI, NIH (75N91019D00024, 75N91019F00130). Additional information at the end of the manuscript.

Background: Relatively low SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rates have been reported in vaccinated individuals, but updates considering the Omicron variant are lacking. Objective: The objective of the study was to provide a current estimate of the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate in a highly immunized population. Methods: A prospective cohort of Mexican hospital workers was followed (March 2020-February 2022). Reinfection was defined as the occurrence of two or more episodes of COVID-19 separated by a period of ≥ 90 days without symptoms. The reinfection rate was calculated as the number of reinfection episodes per 100,000 persons per day. Results: A total of 3732 medical consultations were provided to 2700 workers, of whom 1388 (51.4%) were confirmed COVID-19 cases. A total of 73 reinfection cases were identified, of whom 71 (97.3%) had completed their primary vaccination series and 22 (30.1%) had had a booster dose before the second episode. The overall reinfection rate was 23.1 per 100,000 persons per day (as compared to a rate of 1.9 per 100,000 persons per day before the Omicron wave). Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate rose significantly during the Omicron wave despite a high primary vaccination coverage rate. Almost one-third of reinfected workers had a vaccine booster ≥ 14 days before the last COVID-19 episode.

Abstract Background The introduction of Zika and chikungunya to dengue hyperendemic regions increased interest in better understanding characteristics of these infections. We conducted a cohort study in Mexico to evaluate the natural history of Zika infection. We describe here the frequency of Zika, chikungunya and dengue virus infections immediately after Zika introduction in Mexico, and baseline characteristics of participants for each type of infection. Methods Prospective, observational cohort evaluating the natural history of Zika virus infection in the Mexico-Guatemala border area. Patients with fever, rash or both, meeting the modified criteria of PAHO for probable Zika cases were enrolled (June 2016–July 2018) and followed-up for 6 months. We collected data on sociodemographic, environmental exposure, clinical and laboratory characteristics. Diagnosis was established based on viral RNA identification in serum and urine samples using RT-PCR for Zika, chikungunya, and dengue. We describe the baseline sociodemographic and environmental exposure characteristics of participants according to diagnosis, and the frequency of these infections over a two-year period immediately after Zika introduction in Mexico. Results We enrolled 427 participants. Most patients (n = 307, 65.7%) had an acute illness episode with no identified pathogen (UIE), 37 (8%) Zika, 82 (17.6%) dengue, and 1 (0.2%) chikungunya. In 2016 Zika predominated, declined in 2017 and disappeared in 2018; while dengue increased after 2017. Patients with dengue were more likely to be men, younger, and with lower education than those with Zika and UIE. They also reported closer contact with water sources, and with other people diagnosed with dengue. Participants with Zika reported sexual exposure more frequently than people with dengue and UIE. Zika was more likely to be identified in urine while dengue was more likely found in blood in the first seven days of symptoms; but PCR results for both were similar at day 7–14 after symptom onset. Conclusions During the first 2 years of Zika introduction to this dengue hyper-endemic region, frequency of Zika peaked and fell over a two-year period; while dengue progressively increased with a predominance in 2018. Different epidemiologic patterns between Zika, dengue and UIE were observed. Trial registration Clinical.Trials.gov (NCT02831699).

Background: Prognostic factors in previously healthy young patients with COVID-19 remained understudied. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify factors associated with in-hospital death or need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in young (aged ≤ 65 years) and previously healthy patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study that included patients admitted with COVID-19. The primary outcome was in-hospital death/need for IMV. Secondary outcomes included need for IMV during follow-up, days on IMV, length of stay (LOS), hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 92 patients, primary outcome occurred in 16 (17%), death in 12 (13%), need for IMV in 16 (17%), HAP/VAP in 7 (8%), and PE in 2 (2%). Median LOS and IMV duration were 7 and 12 days, respectively. Independent associations were found between the primary outcome and male sex (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.1, 95%CI 1.1-46.0, p < 0.05), D-dimer levels > 1000ng/mL (aOR 9.0, 95%CI 1.6-49.1, p < 0.05), and RT-PCR Ct-value ≤ 24 on initial swab samples (aOR 14.3, 95%CI 2.0-101.5, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In young and non-comorbid COVID-19 patients, male sex, higher levels of D-dimer, and low SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Ct-value on an initial nasopharyngeal swab were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality or need for IMV.

Mutations of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex member SMARCB1 can cause malignant rhaboid tumors. Here the authors report a BRD9-containing SWI/SNF subcomplex that lacks SMARCB1 and its requirement for the survival of rhaboid tumors.

Objective: We implemented and evaluated the Parenting Skills Program for families in Spain 1) to examine differences in parenting skills, social support, children's behaviours and parental stress pre, immediately post and six months post intervention and 2) to identify mechanisms by which the intervention is related to changes in the four outcomes examined. Methods: Quasi-experimental study design with pre (T0), post (T1), a follow-up (T2) and no control group, complemented by a qualitative study was used. The outcome variables were social support, parenting skills, parental stress and children's behaviours. 216 parents completed pre and post questionnaire and 130 parents the follow-up questionnaire. 39 professionals and 34 parents participated in 17 interviews and 5 discussion groups. Results: Compared with T0, all four outcomes improved significantly at T1. 76% of the participants improved parenting skills and 61% social support. 56% reduced children's negative behaviours and 66% parental stress. All outcomes maintained this significant improvement at T2. Parents and professionals describe different changes in parents’ parenting skills, stress and social support after participation in the PSP, and in their children's behaviours. Some subcategories emerged after analysing parents’ and professionals’ discourses. Conclusions: This study describes positive parenting effects on participants of a parent-training program in Spain, which is a country where implementation and evaluation of these kind of interventions is an incipient issue. Resumen: Objetivo: Se introdujo y evaluó el Programa de Habilidades Parentales para familias a fin de: 1) examinar las diferencias en cuanto a habilidades parentales, apoyo social, comportamientos infantiles y estrés parental preintervención, inmediatamente después y 6 meses después de la intervención, y 2) identificar los mecanismos que explican los cambios generados por la intervención para las cuatro variables examinadas. Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental con pre (T0), post (T1) y seguimiento (T2), sin grupo control, complementado con un estudio cualitativo. Variables: apoyo social, habilidades parentales, estrés parental y comportamientos infantiles. Completaron el cuestionario pre y post 216 padres/madres, y 130 el de seguimiento. Treinta y nueve profesionales y 34 padres/madres participaron en 17 entrevistas y cinco grupos de discusión. Resultados: Comparado con T0, las cuatro variables mejoraron significativamente en T1. El 76% de los participantes mejoraron las habilidades parentales y el 61% el apoyo social. El 56% redujo los comportamientos infantiles negativos y el 66% el estrés parental. Las variables mantuvieron significativa la mejora en T2. Padres/madres y profesionales describieron cambios en las cuatro variables tras participar en el Programa de Habilidades Parentales. Surgieron subcategorías tras el análisis discursivo. Conclusiones: Este estudio describe efectos positivos en la parentalidad de los participantes en un programa de educación parental español, siendo este un país donde la introducción y la evaluación de este tipo de programas son incipientes. Keywords: Parent-training, Program evaluation, Social support, Parenting skills, Parental stress, Child behaviour, Palabras clave: Educación parental, Evaluación de programas, Apoyo social, Habilidades parentales, Estrés parental, Comportamiento infantil

El objetivo del artículo es describir la metodología empleada en el desarrollo y ejecución del Programa de Revisión de Menús escolares en la ciudad de Barcelona y detallar las fases del proceso. Para llevar a cabo la estrategia se elaboró un protocolo de acción en el cual se detalla cómo proceder en cada fase. El protocolo se concibió como una herramienta interna en el marco del área de salud pública, en el que se detalla y secuencia la estrategia a seguir en la valoración de los menús escolares, así como el rol de los agentes implicados. Se constata la necesidad de un protocolo de acción estructurado y compartido por todos los agentes que permita trabajar para seguir promoviendo un estilo de vida saludable en el entorno escolar.

En un contexto de transformación sociodemográfica, se prevé que el envejecimiento de ciertas generaciones, como la llamada generación baby boom, conlleve la reclamación de nuevos espacios de participación social. Ello nos invita a explorar la diversificación de conceptualizaciones sobre el principio de participación social de los miembros de esta generación situados en diferentes momentos respecto a su entrada en el período de jubilación, pre/post (50-73 años). Para lo cual realizamos cuatro grupos de discusión, cuyo análisis de contenido de los datos nos permitió interpretar los significados en torno a tres ejes: la interacción con los demás, las formas de participación y la contribución social. Finalmente, abordamos los desafíos derivados del proceso de resignificación de la participación social; entre otros, la necesidad de promover activamente la autonomía, la autodeterminación, el desarrollo de espacios de agenciamiento y valoración social de las personas mayores presentes y futuras.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease, often resulting in chronic joint pain and commonly affecting elderly people. Current treatments with anti-inflammatory drugs are palliative, making the discovery of new treatments necessary. The inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-13 is a validated strategy to prevent the progression of this common joint disorder. We recently described polybrominated benzotriazole derivatives with nanomolar inhibitory activity and a promising selectivity profile against this collagenase. In this work, we have extended the study in order to explore the influence of bromine atoms and the nature of the S1′ heterocyclic interacting moiety on the solubility/selectivity balance of this type of compound. Drug target interactions have been assessed through a combination of molecular modeling studies and NMR experiments. Compound 9a has been identified as a water-soluble and highly potent inhibitor with activity in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells.

During adolescence there is a relatively high prevalence of weight problems and eating disorders. Furthermore, body image plays an important role in weight control and eating behaviors as well as in mental health. This study analyses the influence of body mass index, perception of being overweight, and body image satisfaction (BIS) on internalizing symptoms related to mental health in adolescents. In addition, sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), dieting, and physical activity are taken into consideration. This research is based on the international study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). The sample consists of 4531 Spanish adolescents from 13 to 18 years old. Participants were selected through random multi-stage sampling stratified by conglomerates. Two instruments were employed: the HBSC questionnaire and the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, ASEBA). Results demonstrated that BIS –the emotional component related to body image– was the main predictor of adolescent internalizing symptoms. In addition, results show double-inequalities according to the interaction effects of sex, age, and SES. Likewise, interesting results are shown regarding how dieting behaviors to lose or gain weight/volume and physical activity relate to body image perception and satisfaction, as well as with internalizing symptoms. This study highlights important body image aspects relevant to intervention and prevention of internalized mental health problems in adolescence.

Objetivo: Evaluar el proceso y los resultados de la fase piloto del Programa de desarrollo de habilidades parentales para familias (PHP), una estrategia de promoción de la parentalidad positiva basada en la evidencia y aplicable en contextos comunitarios y socioeducativos. Métodos: Diseño cuasiexperimental antes-después sin grupo control para la evaluación de la fase piloto del PHP implementada entre octubre de 2011 y junio de 2013 en Barcelona. Se condujeron 11 grupos en los que participaron 128 padres y madres y 28 profesionales. La intervención consistió en 10 u 11 sesiones. La información se recogió con cuestionarios a padres y madres y entrevistas en profundidad, individuales o grupales, a los/las profesionales. Las habilidades parentales se recogieron mediante un cuestionario con seis dimensiones. Se comparó la situación inmediatamente antes (T0) e inmediatamente después (T1) de la intervención. Resultados: El número de participantes en T1 se redujo a 83 (retención del 64,8%). El grado de satisfacción de los participantes con diversos aspectos del programa fue muy alto. Sobre una puntuación máxima de 10, la satisfacción de las personas moderadoras fue de 8,7. Se identificaron aspectos clave y áreas de mejora para el futuro de la intervención. En el análisis cuantitativo se observaron mejoras en todas las dimensiones de habilidades parentales que fueron consistentes con los resultados del análisis cualitativo. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la fase piloto de este programa apuntan a que una intervención universal de educación parental puede mejorar el bienestar de padres y madres.

Fundamentos: los programas de educación parental, promotores de la parentalidad positiva, reducen el estrés parental. En España y Latinoamérica son escasas las evaluaciones que evidencian dichos efectos y en ningún caso exploran los predictores de éxito. Este estudio a naliza los cambios producidos por el “ Programa de desarrollo de habilidades parentales para familias ” (PHP), basado en la educación parental y promovido por enfermeras comunitarias sobre el estrés parental, e identifica los factores sociodemográficos asociados a una mayor reducción de estrés. Métodos: se recogió información sociodemográfica de 257 participantes, antes de la intervención y de estrés parental antes y después de esta. Se empleó la versión española de Parental Stress Scale. Se aplicaron test no paramétricos y una regre- sión logística binaria. Resultados: el análisis bivariado identificó reducción del estrés parental para todas las categorías de las variables predictoras. El análisis multivariado mostró que los hombres, las personas con menor nivel de estudios y las desempleadas presentaron mayor probabilidad de reducir el estrés. Conclusiones: el PHP es una intervención efectiva para reducir el estrés parental en diferentes grupos poblacionales. Este estudio contribuye a reforzar los incipientes hallazgos de estudios internacionales, y a dar respuesta al vacío de los países latinos, en cuanto al papel de los determinantes sociales como predictores de la reducción del estrés parental generados por los programas de educación parental.

BACKGROUND:Primary care is the ideal setting for early identification of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a potentially progressive disease that may lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer but is frequently underrecognized because subjects at risk are often not evaluated. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a reliable method for non-invasive quantification of liver fat. It has the advantage of simultaneous measurement of liver stiffness (LS), an estimate of liver fibrosis. There is no information on CAP in subjects with risk factors from primary care. AIM:To investigate the prevalence of hepatic steatosis, as estimated by CAP, in subjects from the community with metabolic risk factors and correlate findings with clinical and biochemical characteristics and LS. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Population-based study of 215 subjects with metabolic risk factors without known liver disease identified randomly from a primary care center. A control group of 80 subjects matched by age and sex without metabolic risk factors was also studied. CAP and LS were assessed using Fibroscan. RESULTS:Subjects with risk factors had CAP values higher than those of control group (268±64 vs 243±49dB/m,p 280dB/m) in subjects with risk factors was 43%. In multivariate analysis, fatty liver index (FLI) and HOMA were independent predictive factors of severe steatosis. There was a direct correlation between CAP and FLI values (r = 0.52,p

Objetivo: Conocer la tendencia en el consumo de cerveza, vino y licores destilados de los adolescentes españoles en 2002, 2006 y 2010, así como la tendencia de haber experimentado episodios de embriaguez durante este mismo periodo de tiempo. Método: La muestra está conformada por 23.169 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años de edad: 7103 en 2002, 10.443 en 2006 y 5623 en 2010. En las tres ediciones del estudio, los datos son representativos de los escolares de esas edades en España. Se utilizó el cuestionario de consumo de alcohol consensuado por el equipo internacional del estudio Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Se estimaron las odds ratio y los intervalos de confianza del 95% mediante regresiones logísticas. Resultados: Los resultados principales muestran un descenso del consumo frecuente de vino y licores destilados de 2002 a 2010, que se mantiene cuando se controla la variabilidad debida al sexo y a la edad de los participantes. Sin embargo, se encontró una tendencia al alza de los episodios de embriaguez en las diferentes cohortes de adolescentes estudiadas. Conclusiones: Se obtienen resultados de especial importancia para el análisis de las consecuencias de las políticas de salud pública implementadas durante los años que abarca el estudio. Se encuentran cambios en los patrones de consumo de las diferentes bebidas alcohólicas, lo que puede constituir una información clave para el diseño de nuevas políticas de salud pública.

Human Pegivirus (HPgV) may have a beneficial effect on HIV disease progression in co-infected patients; however, the virologic characteristics of this infection are not well defined. In this study, we determined HPgV viremia prevalence in Mexico and provide new insights to understand HPgV infection and HPgV/HIV co-infection.We analyzed and quantified 7,890 serum samples for HPgV viremia by One-Step RT-Real-Time PCR, 6,484 from healthy blood donors and 1,406 from HIV-infected patients. Data on HIV progression were obtained from patients' records. HPgV genotyping was performed in 445 samples by nested PCR of the 5'URT region. Finite Mixture Models were used to identify clustering patterns of HPgV viremia in blood donors and co-infected antiretroviral (ART)-naïve patients.HPgV was detected in 2.98% of blood donors and 33% of HIV patients, with a wide range of viral loads. The most prevalent genotypes were 3 (58.6%)and 2 (33.7%). HPgV viral loads from healthy blood donors and HPgV/HIV+ ART-naïve co-infected patients were clustered into two component distributions, low and high, with a cut-off point of 5.07log10 and 5.06log10, respectively. High HPgV viremia was associated with improved surrogate markers of HIV infection, independent of the estimated duration of HIV infection or HIV treatment.HPgV prevalence in Mexico was similar to that reported for other countries. The prevalent genotypes could be related to Mexico's geographic location and ethnicity, since genotype 2 is frequent in the United States and Europe and genotype 3 in Asia and Amerindian populations. HPgV viral load demonstrated two patterns of replication, low and high. The more pronounced beneficial response observed in co-infected patients with high HPgV viremia may explain discrepancies found between other studies. Mechanisms explaining high and low HPgV replication should be explored to determine whether the persistently elevated replication depends on host or viral factors.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Studies on Spanish musical historiography have been centred on its nationalism, overlooking political and religious nuances. This paper aims to differentiate within nationalism a ‘lay’ or secular historiographical tradition, and an ecclesiastical one, whose main scholars are, respectively, Rafael Mitjana and José Subirá on the one hand, and Higinio Anglés y Suñol, on the other. The differences between both traditions become evident in the musicological texts as well as in the positions of power held by ecclesiastical researchers through the period under study, during which the Instituto Español de Musicología was created.

Researches on women history are so common today that many scholars overlook to think about any special qualification or approach their topic might require. As a result, in musicological studies women are often supposed to have carried on their musical activities under the same circumstances as their coeval men, which was not the case till recent times. This paper highlights the necessity of knowing the history of women in order to value the available sources and data on their musical activities, so that we can go beyond the anecdote. One of the main differences between male composer’s professional career and women’s is professionalism. This paper studies some of the consequences for historiography of the problematical professionalism of women’s musical activity before 1900.

Objetivo: ¡Hagamos salud! es una estrategia de promoción de la salud aplicable en centros educativos que se basa en la evidencia, la participación, el consenso y el compromiso de la comunidad educativa. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar esta estrategia según la consecución de dos objetivos específicos: 1) la percepción de la comunidad escolar respecto al proceso de implantación y 2) los cambios producidos. Métodos: Durante el curso 2010-11 se llevaron a cabo: 1) un estudio cualitativo descriptivo para evaluar el proceso de implantación mediante la identificación de factores facilitadores, barreras, necesidades y propuestas de mejora, a través de grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad; 2) un estudio cuasiexperimental antes-después con grupo control mediante encuestas con el fin de evaluar la participación y el nivel de ajuste a los parámetros de las Escuelas Promotoras de Salud. Las fuentes de información utilizadas fueron profesionales del ámbito de la salud y la educación. Resultados: Los principales factores facilitadores fueron la implicación de la estructura directiva y la formación durante la implantación. La principal barrera fue la escasez de tiempo y recursos. Los centros ¡Hagamos salud! cumplen en mayor medida los criterios de Escuelas Promotoras de Salud que el grupo comparación: son más participativos, realizan un mayor número de acciones preventivas e incorporaron decisiones de salud en la programación y la normativa del centro. Conclusiones: ¡Hagamos salud! es una estrategia participativa y comunitaria que, basándose en los criterios de las Escuelas Promotoras de Salud, permite crear entornos promotores de la salud.Objective: Let's foster health¿ is an intervention strategy in health promotion for use in primary and secondary schools and based on evidence, participation, consensus and the commitment of all members of the educational community. The aim of the present study was to evaluate this strategy according to the achievement of two specific aims: 1) the educational community's opinion of the implementation process, and 2) changes due to the strategy. Methods: From 2010 to 2011, researchers conducted 1) a descriptive qualitative study to evaluate the implementation process by identifying facilitators, barriers, needs and suggestions using focus groups and in-depth interviews, and 2) a before-and-after quasi-experimental study with a comparison group using specific questionnaires aimed at evaluating participation and compliance with features of Health Promoting Schools. Both education and health professionals were used as information sources. Results: The main facilitators were the involvement of management structures and faculty during implementation. The most important barrier was lack of time and resources. Participating centers in Let's foster health! complied with the parameters defining Health Promoting Schools to a higher degree than the control group: these centers became more involved, carrying out more preventive actions and implementing health-related decisions in the curriculum and the center's policy. Conclusions Let's foster health¿ is a participative and community intervention strategy based on the characteristics of Health Promoting Schools that encourages health-promoting environments.

Les intervencions promotores d’habilitats parentals són efectives en el desenvolupament del benestar infantil i parental. A Espanya aquest tipus d’intervencions són freqüents però no existeixen instruments validats per mesurar les habilitats parentals que permetin avaluar-les. Aquest estudi presenta la validació d’un instrument per a la mesura d’habilitats parentals creat a partir d’un qüestionari de 43 ítems i sis dimensions utilitzat en el marc d’un programa d’educació parental a diversos territoris d’Espanya. S’ha recollit informació qualitativa de 44 professionals experts i dades quantitatives de 84 pares/mares participants d’un programa de suport parental. Aquest procés ha permès reduir i adaptar el qüestionari inicial a una nova versió amb 19 ítems, pilotada per 10 famílies i 12 professionals. Els resultats indiquen que la nova versió del qüestionari recull les dimensions bàsiques d’habilitats parentals, amb un llenguatge comprensible i mostra unes adequades propietats psicomètriques (α entre 0,71 a l’Subescala2 i 0,80 a l’Subescala5; tots els ítems tenen un pes r > 0,40 en el primer factor; i la variància total per als factors extrets és superior al 50%).

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de tratar en profundidad uno de los modelos más revolucionarios e influyentes para la comprensión de las variables y procesos que explican la salud humana. A partir de una nueva visión en el análisis de las consecuencias del holocausto nazi, un médico sociólogo -Aaron Antonovsky-, consiguió influir en la medicina y la ciencia delcomportamiento, facilitando las claves para el óptimo desarrollo de la salud pública actual. A pesar de que esta teoría empezó a forjarse en los años 70 del siglo XX, su desarrollo real y su expansión están sucediendo en los últimos años. De hecho, enEspaña existe muy poca literatura con base científica que analice con detalle las claves teóricas del modelo. Este trabajo trata de cubrir esa carencia y, para ello, y en primer lugar, exponecómo surgió el constructo salutogénesis, el contexto sociocultural que lo impulsó, así como la importancia que adquiere enla salud pública actual. Con este objetivo, en estas páginas se analizan las bases teóricas del modelo salutogénico, con especial énfasis en sus antecedentes y precursores, así como en sus inicios, desarrollo y expansión actual.

El Congreso "Música y mujer: una mirada interdisciplinaria" se brindó como la ocasión de presentar un estado de la cuestión, un balance de resultados en los estudios sobre mujeres y música, así como algunas propuestas. He destacado como sombras cuestiones que pueden considerarse retos para futuros estudios: la persistencia de discriminaciones en las profesiones musicales, el peso marginador de la etiqueta "música de mujeres", la coincidencia geográfica entre el "canon" de compositoras y el "canon" musical a secas y el abuso feminista que supone el reduccionismo sociológico. Las aportaciones positivas del feminismo son desde luego de mucho más calado que las sombras, de modo que suponen un punto de inflexión y de no retorno en la musicología. Me he permitido sugerir como vías de actuación la interdisciplinariedad, la imaginación y el estudio del público.The Conference "Woman and Music: an Interdisciplinary Gaze " offered an occasion to present a report, a balance sheet of the women and music studies, as well as some proposals. I consider as dark sides of feminist musicology certain issues that can be also regarded as challenges for prospective studies in the future: the persistence offender discrimination in musical jobs, the discriminatory burden of the women s music label, the geographic coincidence between the musical canon and the women composers' canon and the feminist abuse produced by sociological reductionism. Positive contributions of feminism are of course stronger than its dark sides. They have established a turning point of no return in musicology. I have suggested as avenues of working the interdisciplinary, the imagination and the study of audiences.

Este estudio descriptivo presenta el proceso hasta la creación de una puntuación global de la salud en los adolescentes. En los últimos años, el concepto de salud, en el que se basa este estudio, ha sufrido cambios para incluir tanto los elementos disfuncionales como las fortalezas que protegen la salud. La muestra estuvo formada por 18.955 adolescentes, representativos de la población de 11 a 18 años en España y en cada una de las Comunidades Autónomas que conforman el Estado español. Utilizando técnicas de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, los resultados mostraron una dimensión global de la salud, a partir de indicadores autoinformados de satisfacción vital, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, percepción del estado general de salud y malestar psicosomático. Esta puntuación de salud disminuía a medida que aumentaba la edad y de manera más marcada en mujeres, así como en adolescentes de familias con capacidad adquisitiva baja. Los análisis comparativos entre Comunidades Autónomas mostraron diferencias entre ellas, no atribuibles en principio al bienestar económico de la región. Finalmente, se discutieron estos resultados y sus implicaciones, así como la importancia de la medida utilizada en el análisis de las desigualdades sociales en salud.

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