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The aim of this study was to analyse the presence of emotional and behavioural difficulties in adolescents and their relationship with personal (age and sex) and contextual (level of psychosocial risk) variables. The sample consisted of 802 participants (48.6% girls, 51.4% boys) aged between 9 and 16 years (M = 11.97, SD = 1.40). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Psychosocial Risk Index were used. Significant differences were found as a function of sex, age and risk level. The presence of problems increased with age and under more adverse psychosocial conditions. The behavioural symptoms were more frequent in the boys, and the emotional symptoms and prosocial behaviours were more frequent in the girls. The regression analyses confirmed the predictive capacity of these variables. These results have implications for the understanding of mental health difficulties in adolescence, and they guide in the prevention for this population group.

Purpose: To develop a controlled vocabulary of less than 30 terms that represents level 1 of a taxonomy for the field of operations management, integrating previous available work to improve efficiency in searching and retrieving scientific information in the area. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic review of encyclopedias and glossaries in the field was conducted, mainly based on Hill (2012, 2019). The three authors employed an iterative process to define and validate the first-level terms, contrasting them with sources such as Gass & Fu (2013), Helms (2006), and the APICS thesaurus. Affinity diagrams were used to structure and relate the identified terms. Findings: 20 top-level terms covering the main areas of operations management were identified and defined. The resulting taxonomy is available online (https://taxom.blogs.upv.es/). It provides a hierarchical structure that integrates the main concepts of the field, differentiating itself from previous work by focusing on relevance to research, education, and professional practice contexts. Research limitations/implications: The thematic coverage of the proposed taxonomy requires further verification to ensure its comprehensiveness. Future research should focus on validating the taxonomy by applying it to a representative sample of articles within the field of operations management. This validation process will help confirm whether the first-level terms are robust and precise for effective categorisation and usability in academic and professional contexts. Practical implications: The taxonomy facilitates scientific editorial management by providing a standardised list for selecting keywords in manuscripts and identifying reviewers' fields of expertise. It also improves the efficiency of mapping science studies and systematic reviews and enhances the visibility and accessibility of published research in operations management.

Abstract Interventional radiology (IR) has evolved rapidly, but the clinical integration of interventional radiologists has not kept pace with technical advancements. This trial will address a gap in the literature by providing a robust investigation into specific measures for enhancing the clinical role of interventional radiologists, with potential implications for improving patient experiences and outcomes. The single-center randomized controlled trial will include 428 patients undergoing IR procedures. The control group will receive information about the procedure from the ordering physician, while the experimental group will have an additional consultation with an interventional radiologist and be shown procedure-specific explanatory videos. The primary outcomes are patients’ knowledge, satisfaction with the information and communication, and anxiety. Data collection will involve specific questionnaires and scales. This trial is designed to investigate the importance of proactive clinical roles in patient care within IR. The study explores the potential of consultations and audiovisual tools, highlighting their role in educating patients about procedures. The results may help foster a more widespread acceptance of clinical responsibilities in IR and underscore the pivotal role of audiovisual aids in patient education and satisfaction. Trial registration NCT05461482 at clinicaltrials.gov. Relevance statement This randomized controlled trial will assess the impact of clinical consultations and explanatory audiovisual tools on patient understanding, satisfaction, and anxiety in interventional radiology. The findings could help establish a more proactive clinical role for interventional radiologists and improve the overall quality of patient-centered care. Key Points We describe the protocol of an interventional radiology randomized clinical trial. The control group will receive procedure information from the referring physician and the experimental group receives additional consultation with interventionalists and views a video. Knowledge, satisfaction with information, and patient anxiety will be evaluated. This study will provide insights about the benefits of consultations and videos in interventional radiology. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Motivation is a variable that directly influences task orientation. Within the motivational sphere, the motivational climate determines whether a task is performed with an intrinsic or extrinsic. Purpose It has been observed that depending on motivational orientations, anxiety levels and task performance can be increased. Likewise, there are differences in interests depending on the gender of individuals. Methods This research aims (a) To elaborate and adjust a theoretical model of the causal relationship of motivational climate on anxiety and academic performance and (b) To analyse the causal relationship between the motivational climate on anxiety and the average mark of the participants. Regarding the design, a comparative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 558 trainee physical education teachers. The sample for this study is from southern Spain. Likewise, the branch of study of the sample is related to university degrees in education sciences and physical activity and sport sciences. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport-2 and an ad hoc socio-demographic questionnaire were used to collect the data. Results It is observed that the male sex presents a greater causal relationship of task climate (β=−0.259; p ≤ 0.05) and ego climate (β = 0.324; p ≤ 0.001) on anxiety. A stronger causal relationship of task climate (β = 0.340; p ≤ 0.001) and ego climate (β = 0.241; p ≤ 0.05) on mean score is also observed for the male population. The sample presents a negative causal relationship of anxiety on the average mark. This is higher for the male population (β=−0.126). Conclusions Male students show a greater causal effect of motivational climate on anxiety and grade point average. Likewise, the causal relationship of task climate on the development of anxiety is negative for the study sample. In contrast, the ego climate exerts a positive causal relationship on the development of anxiety.

Abstract Growing evidence places the gestational period as a unique moment of heightened neuroplasticity in adult life. In this longitudinal study spanning pre, during, and post pregnancy, we unveil a U-shaped trajectory in gray matter (GM) volume, which dips in late pregnancy and partially recovers during postpartum. These changes are most prominent in brain regions associated with the Default Mode and Frontoparietal Network. The U-shaped trajectory is predominantly linked to gestational factors, as it only presents in gestational mothers and correlates with fluctuations in estrogens over time. Finally, the mother’s mental health status mediates the relationship between postpartum GM volume recovery and maternal attachment at 6 months postpartum. This research sheds light on the complex interplay between hormones, brain development, and behavior during the transition to motherhood. It addresses a significant knowledge gap in the neuroscience of human pregnancy and opens new possibilities for interventions aimed at enhancing maternal health and well-being.

Abstract Obesity and iron deficiency (ID) are widespread health issues, with subclinical inflammation in obesity potentially contributing to ID through unclear mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to elucidate how obesity-associated inflammation disturb iron metabolism and to investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) iron supplementation on absolute iron deficient pre-obese (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) individuals compared to healthy weight (HW) group (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Iron-related, hematological and inflammatory biomarkers along with erythropoietin (EPO) were studied based on body mass index (BMI) in a Spanish cohort of non-anemic participants (n = 721; 67% women; median age of 48 years [IQR: 39–57]) and in a subgroup of subjects (n = 110) with absolute ID (ferritin

This article presents the results of a descriptive study carried out within the framework of the FOPROMAR project, obtained after administering a questionnaire regarding competences related to the territorial dimension of rural schools among teachers working in rural schools in Spain (Aragon and Catalonia), France (Aquitaine) and Portugal (Alto Alentejo). The questionnaire included three parts (professional profile, competences on the territorial dimension of the school and knowledge about the territory), but only the results referring to the competences section are presented, showing the level of relevance and the degree of mastery that teachers express in relation to these competences. According to the results, the competences with the greatest mastery are those referring to the design and development of programmes, followed by professional competences and school-community relations. This order is also found in the assessment carried out, indicating that they are more valued than mastered. One of the conclusions is the need to reinforce competences not included in training plans, but considered more necessary and important for working in rural schools.

Background and Aim: The sinoatrial node is responsible for the intrinsic electrical activation that in mammals leads to coordinated rhythmic contractions of the heart, from where it is distributed through the atrial tissue to the atrioventricular node. This study aimed to conduct a histological and morphometric study of the components and cells in cardiac nodes altered by myocardial infarction (MI) and compare them with normal tissues in humans and pigs. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 10 human hearts and 10 pig hearts that died from MI and compared them with 10 healthy control hearts from each species. Histological sections of 5 μm thickness were obtained using a microtome and stained with hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome. The identification and assessment of the percentage of connective tissue and cellularity in the cardiac nodes were performed. Results: We observed a decreased size of cardiac nodes in humans and pigs, as well as an increased percentage of fibrosis inside the nodes, and changes in the size of the nodal cells and surrounding cardiomyocytes (decrease or hypertrophy) were observed. Cartilaginous metaplasia was also found in the cardiac skeleton of all pig samples. Conclusion: In the present study, a significant increase in collagen fibers and a decrease in cellularity were found in cardiac nodes in samples from humans and pigs with MI. These findings would explain the presence of arrhythmias, which often lead to death.

Abstract Background Chest pain is one of the most difficult problems to solve after thoracic surgery. Its correct control is often quite difficult, which can cause complications due to an ineffective cough and superficial respiratory movements. Methods This study has been designed with the purpose of studying the value of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) in the postoperative pain rehabilitation of thoracotomy. A prospective and randomized study has been developed. The patients (n = 109) have been treated after hospital discharge with physiotherapy for 3 weeks. Three groups have been established: experimental (n = 37), control (n = 35), and placebo (n = 37), experimental and placebo including the application of TENS during the physiotherapy protocol. Postoperative pain (McGill test) and spirometry have been studied before and after treatment. Results The largest between-group discrepancy occurred between the experimental and control groups, 16.77 points (p

Abstract Background Prostate cancer recurrence following primary treatment poses a significant clinical challenge, particularly when detected through biochemical recurrence at low PSA levels. Conventional imaging modalities often fail to localize the disease at this early stage. PSMA PET has demonstrated superior sensitivity in detecting recurrent lesions, even in patients with low PSA. Concurrently, liquid biopsy, through analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), offers a minimally invasive approach for monitoring disease. There is scarce evidence about the association between liquid biopsy and PSMA PET/CT findings. This study aimed to assess the correlation between liquid biopsy and tumor burden assessed by PSMA PET/CT in early recurring prostate cancer patients. Results PSMA PET/CT and liquid biopsies of 32 patients in biochemical recurrence were analyzed. 12 patients (37.5%) had no PSMA PET-measurable disease. Four patients (12.5%) presented local recurrence, seven (21.9%) had recurrence in pelvic lymph nodes, one of whom also had local recurrence. Nine patients (28.1%) presented metastatic recurrence, with or without local or nodal recurrence. PSA levels correlated with molecular imaging data (p

El proyecto ValorAcinipo se ha diseñado desde la generación de conocimiento histórico/arqueológico, teniendo en cuenta las Acciones Estratégicas buscando impulsar las áreas rurales frente al reto demográfico y de cohesión social y territorial, atendiendo, a su vez, a la transformación digital y la igualdad de género como principio rector. Este proyecto actúa como herramienta para la transición digital con un carácter transversal e interdisciplinar. Tradicionalmente, las Humanidades han sido poco consideradas como una disciplina científica capaz de afrontar los retos a los que se enfrenta nuestra sociedad. Sin embargo, desde este proyecto presentamos una iniciativa consolidada de investigación arqueológica y de aplicación de tecnologías no invasivas para la documentación y reconocimiento del patrimonio cultural, con la intención de generar materiales y recursos digitales de calidad para una sociedad que apuesta por proyectos ecológicos, sostenibles, inclusivos y accesibles, aunando los recursos patrimoniales y naturales, con el apoyo de iniciativas empresariales y las instituciones públicas, para conseguir modelos de producción y servicio basados en los objetivos medioambientales.

Este artículo busca generar interés en los dibujos de los arquitectos sevillanos del siglo XVII, destacando su importancia y valorando los pocos conservados. Los objetivos principales son la recopilación y el análisis de trazas de arquitectura doméstica en Sevilla y los procesos gráficos vinculados, centrándose en las del arquitecto Pedro Sánchez Falconete. Primero, se han consultado archivos históricos y la Biblioteca Nacional de España. En segundo lugar, se han seleccionado cuatro trazas de Falconete del Archivo de la Catedral de Sevilla, dos de las cuales poco conocidas son analizadas por primera vez (bodegas en Villalba del Alcor, 1628), y se plantea la autoría de dos más (mesón sevillano del Santo Cristo, 1603-1604). Finalmente, se han analizado y comparado con otras contemporáneas, exponiendo procedimientos gráficos, precisión en las medidas y el estado de conservación de los inmuebles.

Background: In the last decade, numerous methods have been proposed to define and detect outliers, particularly in complex environments like networks, where anomalies significantly deviate from normal patterns. Although defining a clear standard is challenging, anomaly detection systems have become essential for network administrators to efficiently identify and resolve irregularities. Methods: This study develops and evaluates a machine learning-based system for network anomaly detection, focusing on point anomalies within network traffic. It employs both unsupervised and supervised learning techniques, including change point detection, clustering, and classification models, to identify anomalies. SHAP values are utilized to enhance model interpretability. Results: Unsupervised models effectively captured temporal patterns, while supervised models, particularly Random Forest (94.3%), demonstrated high accuracy in classifying anomalies, closely approximating the actual anomaly rate. Conclusions: Experimental results indicate that the system can accurately predict network anomalies in advance. Congestion and packet loss were identified as key factors in anomaly detection. This study demonstrates the potential for real-world deployment of the anomaly detection system to validate its scalability.

Abstract Galvanic current has been emerging as a novel therapy to regenerate chronic tissue lesions, including musculoskeletal and dermatological lesions. Recently, the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β release have been identified as a signaling pathway triggered upon galvanic current application. However, the parameters for the clinical application of galvanic current remain subjective to the experience of the facultative in charge. In this study we used an in vitro model of macrophage culture and application of different combinations of the parameters of galvanic current to study IL-1β production and cell death. Increasing electric charge of galvanic current induces the release of IL-1β, but electric charges equal or higher to 144 mC also increase cell death. The release of IL-1β have a substantial variation within different electric charge of galvanic currents, being increased by decreasing the current and increasing the time of current application. Within the range of current intensities studied, the most optimal protocol for maximizing IL-1β release without inducing cell death was identified at electric charges equal to or near 144 mC, applied over a total duration of approximately 25 s. Our findings lay the groundwork for future in vivo studies assessing different electric charge of galvanic current, with the aim of yielding clinically relevant outcomes.

Abstract Background Therapy decision-making (TDM) is an essential medical skill. However, teaching therapeutic reasoning poses significant challenges. We present a comprehensive TDM course for medical students and report on student satisfaction with the educational strategies, their perceived importance of various TDM domains, and their self-efficacy in incorporating these elements into clinical decisions. Methods Three student cohorts participated in a 16-week TDM course, which included self-instruction modules, application assignments, faculty symposia, and application seminars as educational strategies. The course focused on TDM and emphasized how factors such as the patient’s diagnosis, needs and preferences, treatment options, physicians’ viewpoints, the patient-physician relationship, and contexts of medical practice impact TDM. After the course, students completed a before-and-after survey assessing their satisfaction with the educational strategies, their perceived importance of ten TDM domains, and their ability to incorporate these domains into patient management. Scores ranged from 1 to 10. Students from the first two cohorts completed a 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Results A total of 387 students completed the course. All educational strategies were well-received, with self-instruction modules and faculty symposia yielding the highest satisfaction rates (94.8% and 88.6% respectively). Before-and-after evaluations indicated that students` perceived importance of the TDM domains increased from an average of 8.0 ± 2.4 at baseline to 9.9 ± 1.0 after the course. Additionally, their perceived ability to integrate TDM domains into practice rose from an average of 5.2 ± 3.2 to 9.4 ± 1.5 by the end of the course. Follow-up results showed a decrease in these outcomes over time. Conclusion This course serves as a successful model for systematically teaching TDM to medical students.

La Inteligencia Artificial generativa (IAGen), con su capacidad para crear contenido original y simular interacciones humanas, está transformando diversos sectores, incluida la educación superior. Este artículo señala los principales usos y retos y revela las percepciones, desafíos y oportunidades en torno a su implementación en la educación superior. A partir de una encuesta realizada a docentes de las universidades pertenecientes a la Red Estatal de Docencia Universitaria (REDU) se revelan diferentes percepciones, desde el entusiasmo por el potencial de la IAGen para personalizar el aprendizaje y automatizar tareas, hasta la preocupación por sus implicaciones éticas y pedagógicas, como el plagio y la dependencia de la tecnología. Los usos de la IAGen incluyen la generación de contenido educativo, la retroalimentación automatizada y la creación de entornos de aprendizaje inmersivos. Entre los desafíos destacan las barreras institucionales, la falta de acceso a recursos actualizados y las dificultades para integrar la IAGen en la práctica docente de manera efectiva y ética. Los docentes desean recibir formación específica sobre IAGen, tanto en aspectos técnicos como pedagógicos, para aprovechar su potencial y mitigar sus riesgos. Estas conclusiones apuntan a la necesidad de abordar los desafíos identificados y promover la formación del profesorado para aprovechar al máximo el potencial de la IAGen en la educación superior. La investigación futura profundizará en la comprensión de las percepciones y necesidades del profesorado y en el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas para la implementación de la IAGen en el contexto universitario, teniendo en cuenta tanto sus beneficios como sus desafíos.

El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la deontología y la ética profesional en los líderes de los consultorios jurídicos de universidades en Guayaquil, Ecuador, haciendo hincapié en el compromiso ético y social que caracteriza al liderazgo directivo en la gestión llevada a cabo. Desde una perspectiva metodológica, la investigación se enmarca en el paradigma positivista, adoptando un enfoque sistémico y cuantitativo, con el propósito de ofrecer explicaciones detalladas sobre los fenómenos analizados. El estudio tiene un carácter explicativo, con un diseño no experimental, transeccional y de campo. Las unidades de análisis fueron los consultorios jurídicos ubicados en universidades de la provincia de Guayas. Los resultados obtenidos tras la aplicación de una encuesta a la muestra seleccionada indican que la deontología y la ética profesional, junto con principios morales, son elementos clave para asegurar el cumplimiento de las normas y conductas éticas en la gestión, las cuales deberían estar reflejadas en códigos de ética que regulen las conductas humanas. Desde la perspectiva del compromiso ético del líder, es esencial superar los dilemas éticos mediante acciones positivas e integrales, garantizando que cada decisión tomada esté alineada con principios éticos sólidos. Además, el bienestar que el líder genera en la organización requiere demostrar estilos de liderazgo coherentes con su rol, favoreciendo la armonía con los seguidores que participan activamente en su gestión.

The use of pronoun uno (‘one’) in Spanish has been analyzed as an evidential strategy because its use gives clues about the source of information expressed by the proposition. What has not been so thoroughly investigated from a grammatical point of view is the question of what factors allow the pronoun uno, which is a grammatical third person, to refer to the speaker, that is, a first person. This work focuses on investigating this conflict and has three main objectives: our first goal is to study the contexts that differentiate the arbitrary and concealing use of uno. Our second goal is to articulate a proposal that explains the inclusion of the speaker in both uses. We hypothesize that in the arbitrary use the speaker's inclusion derives from a pragmatic inference, while in the concealing use uno is behaving as a definite pronoun. We will investigate why the speaker chooses to use uno instead of yo (‘I’) to refer to himself/herself and how grammar and pragmatics interact to convey subjectivity. Finally, we will explain the inclusive uses of uno from the notions of evidentiality and intersubjectivity. The pronoun uno oscillates between personal experience, general knowledge and shared information.

Este artículo tiene por objeto presentar los primeros avances del proceso de transcripción y estudio crítico de Vida ilustre, relato hagiográfico de la beata tunjana Antonia de Cabañas, atribuido a su confesor Diego Solano. Se analiza la producción y circulación del manuscrito a la luz del concepto de porosidad en tres niveles: autorial, socio-espiritual y material. Se sostiene que alrededor de Vida ilustre tienen lugar una serie de experiencias permeables de escritura, subjetividad y relaciones de poder que atestiguan la complejidad de la espiritualidad católica femenina de la temprana modernidad a través de la figura de las beatas.

Abstract Background Muscle strength is one of the most reliable measures used for the identification of sarcopenia. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People update (EWGSOP2) proposed the use of grip strength and chair stand tests, while clarifying that isometric torque methods can be used when performing the grip strength test is impossible. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of isometric knee extension strength in screening for sarcopenia. Methods This cross-sectional study included community-dwelling women aged 70 years and over. IKE and sarcopenia criteria (EWGSOP2) were assessed. Skeletal muscle mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis; muscle mass strength by handgrip; and physical performance by the 5 times sit-to-stand test, the Short Physical Performance Battery, and gait speed. The diagnostic accuracy for each sarcopenia criterion was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and the area under the curve (AUC). Cutoff points for sarcopenia from IKE were defined with the ROC curve. Results The sample comprised 94 women with a mean age of 75.9 years (standard deviation 5.6, range 70–92), of whom 25.5% (n = 24) met criteria for sarcopenia—mainly severe sarcopenia (73.8%, n = 17). Correlations were observed between IKE and each individually analyzed sarcopenia criterion except skeletal muscle mass, with AUC values exceeding 0.70 in all cases. The IKE cutoff showing the highest accuracy for the diagnosis of sarcopenia was 12.5 kg or less (AUC 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.88; sensitivity: 65.2%, 95% CI 45.7–84.7; specificity 77.4%, 95% CI 60.3–94.5; positive predictive value 62.5%, 95 CI% 42.7–82.3; negative predictive value 88.8%, 95% CI 75.9–100). Conclusions IKE could be a suitable tool for measuring muscular strength in sarcopenia when other strength parameters cannot be assessed or in people with walking difficulties.

The current trend in education is to adopt a direct and efficient system that adapts to the needs of students at all levels. This approach emphasizes the importance of creating an accessible and enjoyable learning environment that integrates with the social context. The main purpose of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the educational contribution of UGGps, irrespective of their level, origin, or purpose of visit, beyond the acquisssition of knowledge. The UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps) are recognized as educational models in the field of geosciences and sustainability due to their territorial management plan and purpose. This study examines the activities carried out in the Arouca and Estrela UGGps in Portugal, using validated questionnaires to gather feedback from students and teachers. The analysis aims to identify the strengths, challenges, and overall effectiveness of these UGGps as an alternative approach to multidisciplinary education. With a total sample of 325 students and 167 teachers, the results, from the students and teachers perspective, show a positive and valid environment for multilevel education reflected on a positive answer rate of 86% among students and 88% among teachers. As it is shown in the results, UGGps are valid territories for multilevel teaching of Earth Sciences and many other subjects. This conclusions represent a great opportunity to promote heritage protection and sustainable development education from these territories, something that, in fact, is extremely relevant in the social context in which we find ourselves.

Vertex models have become essential tools for understanding tissue morphogenesis by simulating the mechanical and geometric properties of cells in various biological systems. These models represent cells as polygons or polyhedra, capturing cellular interactions such as adhesion, tension, and force generation. This review explores the ongoing evolution of computational vertex models, highlighting their application to complex tissue dynamics, including organoid development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. We examine different energy formulations used in vertex models, which account for mechanical forces such as surface tension, volume conservation, and intercellular adhesion. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges of expanding traditional 2D models to 3D structures, which require the inclusion of factors like mechanical polarisation and topological transitions. We also introduce recent advancements in modelling techniques that allow for more flexible and dynamic cell shapes, addressing limitations in earlier frameworks. Mechanochemical feedback and its role in tissue behaviour are explored, along with cutting-edge approaches like self-propelled Voronoi models. Finally, the review highlights the importance of parameter inference in these models, particularly through Bayesian methods, to improve accuracy and predictive power. By integrating these new insights, vertex models continue to provide powerful frameworks for exploring the complexities of tissue morphogenesis.

Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the interrelationship of risk factors for suicidal behaviour and their influence on attempt severity in a sample of adolescents who have recently attempted suicide. For it a network analyse was performed. Method Data from a sample of adolescents from 12 to 17 years of age with documented suicide attempts were collected and analysed in the context of a larger study conducted in Spain called SURVIVE. Several factors were examined including age, sex, depression, trauma, impulsivity, and substance abuse. Graph analysis was performed to identify relationships and centrality measures among these factors. Results A total of 267 participants were enrolled: 233 females and 34 males with a mean age of 15.00 years (SD = 1.52). The results indicate that age and sex do not have a notable relationship with attempt severity in adolescents. Emotional and behavioural difficulties, measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), have the greatest influence on other variables. Depression and childhood trauma show varying degrees of association with suicidal behaviour, as does motor impulsivity. Substance use does not appear to be strongly related to suicide attempt severity. The number of suicide attempts is strongly correlated with emotional and behavioural difficulties, depression, and childhood trauma. Lethality of suicide attempts and intensity of suicidal ideation do not show significant associations with the other variables. Conclusion This study identifies significant risk factors for adolescent suicide. Emotional and behavioural symptoms, depression, and childhood trauma are strongly linked to suicidal behaviour. However, age, sex, and substance abuse show minimal correlation. Assessing emotional difficulties and depressive symptoms using specific questionnaires could be crucial in evaluating suicidal behaviour in adolescents.

Abstract Recent developments have broadened our perception of SARS-CoV-2, indicating its capability to affect the body systemically beyond its initial recognition as a mere respiratory pathogen. However, the pathways of its widespread are not well understood. Employing a dual-modality approach, we integrated findings from a Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV) infection model with corroborative clinical data to investigate the pervasive reach of Coronaviruses. The novel presence of viral particles within red blood cells (RBCs) was demonstrated via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, with computational modeling elucidating a potential heme-mediated viral entry mechanism via Spike protein affinity. Our data affirm viral localization in RBCs, suggesting heme moieties as facilitators for cellular invasion. Exacerbation of MHV pathology upon hemin administration, contrasted with chloroquine-mediated amelioration, underscoring a heme-centric pathway in disease progression. These observations extend the paradigm of Coronavirus pathogenicity to include hemoprotein interactions. This study casts new light on the systemic invasion capabilities of Coronaviruses, linking RBC hemoproteins with viral virulence. The modulation of disease severity through heme-interacting agents heralds a promising avenue for COVID-19 therapeutics. Our findings propose a paradigm shift in the treatment approach, leveraging the virus-heme interplay as a strategic hinge for intervention.

RESUMEN El tratamiento de los pacientes con insuficiencia mitral aguda supone un reto terapéutico. Estos pacientes tienen una morbimortalidad muy elevada, que requiere un abordaje multidisciplinario. El presente documento recoge el posicionamiento de tres asociaciones implicadas en el tratamiento de estos pacientes: la Asociación de Cardiopatía Isquémica y Cuidados Agudos Cardiovasculares, la Asociación de Cardiología Intervencionista y la Asociación de Imagen Cardiaca. Incluye aspectos relacionados con la selección y los cuidados del paciente, los aspectos técnicos del tratamiento de borde a borde desde el punto de vista intervencionista y de la imagen cardiaca, y los resultados de este proceso. No se han incluido los resultados de la cirugía de reparación o sustitución mitral, que es la primera opción terapéutica a considerar en estos pacientes, por exceder los objetivos del documento.

ABSTRACT The approach to patients with acute mitral regurgitation poses a therapeutic challenge. These patients have a very high morbidity and mortality rate, thus requiring a multidisciplinary approach. This document presents the position of 3 associations involved in the management of these patients: the Ischemic Heart Disease and Acute Cardiovascular Care Association, the Interventional Cardiology Association, and the Cardiac Imaging Association. The document discusses aspects related to patient selection and care, technical features of the edge-to-edge procedure from both the interventional and imaging unit perspectives, and the outcomes of this process. The results of mitral repair and/or replacement surgery, which is the first-line treatment option to consider in these patients, have not been included as they exceed the scope of the aims of the document.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Several studies have shown that reduced (< 50%) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing valve replacement. Although patients with preserved LVEF (> 50%) have a better prognosis, there is a group with supranormal LVEF (≥ 70%) whose prognosis seems to differ due to their characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with severe AS and supranormal LVEF. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study that included 1160 patients undergoing TAVI between 2007 and 2021 at Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain). The patients were classified according to preoperative LVEF into reduced (< 50%), normal (50% to 69%), and supranormal (≥ 70%). Clinical, echocardiographic variables, and the following outcomes were compared: death from any cause at 30 days and at 1 year, death from cardiovascular causes at 1 year, and rehospitalization due to cardiovascular causes at 1 year. Results: Of the 1160 patients with severe AS who underwent TAVI during the study period, 276 (23.8%) had reduced LVEF, 702 (60.5%) had normal LVEF, and 182 (15.7%) had supranormal LVEF. Patients with supranormal LVEF were predominantly men (82.9 ± 5.3 years) and had lower ventricular volumes, higher relative wall thickness, and concentric geometry. There were no differences in 30-day or 1-year mortality. However, rehospitalization for cardiovascular causes at 1 year was significantly higher in the supranormal LVEF group (LVEF < 50%: 29.2%; LVEF 50% to 69%: 27.4%; LVEF ≥ 70%: 34.4%; P < .043). Conclusions: Patients with severe AS and supranormal preprocedural LVEF (≥ 70%) who underwent TAVI had a higher rate of cardiovascular rehospitalization at 1 year, with no differences in mortality.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: Se ha evidenciado en diversos estudios que la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) reducida (< 50%) es un factor de riesgo independiente de eventos y mortalidad en pacientes con estenosis aórtica (EA) grave tratados con recambio valvular. A pesar de que aquellos con FEVI conservada (> 50%) muestran mejor pronóstico, existe un grupo con FEVI supranormal (≥ 70%) que parece tener un pronóstico diferente por sus características particulares. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los resultados del implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI) en pacientes con EA grave y FEVI supranormal. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó 1.160 pacientes tratados con TAVI en 2007-2021 en el Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, España). Se clasificaron según su FEVI preoperatoria en reducida (< 50%), normal (50-69%) y supranormal (≥ 70%). Se compararon variables clínicas y ecocardiográficas, y los siguientes desenlaces: mortalidad por cualquier causa a los 30 días y al año, muerte por causa cardiovascular al año y rehospitalización por causa cardiovascular al año. Resultados: De los 1.160 pacientes con EA grave que recibieron un TAVI durante el periodo del estudio, 276 (23,8%) se registraron con FEVI reducida, 702 (60,5%) con FEVI normal y 182 (15,7%) con FEVI supranormal. Los pacientes con FEVI supranormal eran predominantemente varones (82,9 ± 5,3 años), tenían menores volúmenes ventriculares, mayor grosor parietal relativo y geometría concéntrica. No hubo diferencias en la mortalidad a 30 días ni al año; sin embargo, la rehospitalización por causa cardiovascular al año fue significativamente superior en el grupo de FEVI supranormal (FEVI < 50%, 9,2%; FEVI 50-69%, 27,4%; FEVI ≥ 70%, 34,4%; p < 0,043). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con EA grave tratados con TAVI que presentaban FEVI supranormal (≥ 70%) preprocedimiento tuvieron una mayor tasa de rehospitalización por causa cardiovascular al año, sin diferencias en la mortalidad.

Abstract Background During diabetes, prorenin is highly produced by the renal collecting ducts. The binding of prorenin to (pro)renin receptor (PRR) on the apical plasma membrane triggers intracellular profibrotic genes, including TGF-β and CTGF. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to the stimulation of these pathways remain unclear. Hence, we hypothesize that the glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) favors the PRR-dependent stimulation of TGF-β and CTGF in the distal nephron segments during high glucose (HG) conditions. Methods To test this hypothesis, primary cultured renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells were treated with normal glucose (NG, 5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) for 48 h in the presence or absence of the GLUT1-specific inhibitor BAY 876 (2 nM). Additionally, IMCD cells were treated with the PRR antagonist PRO20. The expression of TGF-β and CTGF was quantified by immunoblot and qRT-PCR. Results HG increased GLUT1 mRNA and protein abundance, while BAY 876 inhibited these responses. HG treatment upregulated PRR, but the concomitant treatment with BAY 876 partially prevented this effect. TGF-β and CTGF expressions were augmented in IMCD cells treated with HG. However, PRO20 prevented the increases in TGF-β but not those of CTGF. GLUT1 inhibition partially prevented the increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) during HG while PRO20 did not. ROS scavenging impaired CTGF upregulation during HG conditions. Additionally, long-term exposure to HG increases lipid peroxidation and reduced cell viability. Conclusions The data indicate that glucose transportation via GLUT1 is implicated in the PRR-dependent upregulation of TGF-β while CTGF is mediated mainly via a mechanism depending on ROS formation in renal medullary collecting duct cells.

Abstract Spanish pear germplasm collections are crucial for preservation, research, and breeding efforts. However, genetic diversity and structure is unknown at national level. A coordinated national project analyzed 1251 accessions from 7 Spanish pear collections using an internationally recognized set of 14 SSRs to enhance the utilization of these collections. Key findings included the identification of 760 unique genotypes (490 diploids and 270 triploids). Notably, genotypes represented by a single accession accounted for 49% of the total, indicating high vulnerability of this material. Using a Bayesian clustering method revealed two main genetic groups, G1 containing most foreign cultivars and G2 retaining local Spanish cultivars, which were further divided into two other subgroups using a nested approach, revealing moderate but significant differentiation among them. The populations were renamed according to the origin of the reference samples assigned to each group as ‘South’ (G1.1), ‘Western Europe-1’ (G1.2), ‘Western Europe-2’ (G2.1) and ‘No-Pyrus communis’ (G2.2). The results led to the creation of a ‘generalist’ collection, aiming to maximize genetic diversity representativeness, starting with 68 genotypes but expanding to 111 to achieve better allele recovery. This core collection is a valuable resource for genetic studies and conservation, enhancing efforts to preserve pear biodiversity.

Abstract The study focused on the photodegradation of profoxydim, a low-toxicity cyclohexanedione herbicide commonly used in rice crops, under simulated sunlight conditions. Profoxydim’s behavior in paddy field conditions is not well understood, and this research aimed to fill that gap, particularly examining the effect of commonly utilized organic amendments such as biochar (BC) on its degradation. Results indicated that profoxydim degrades rapidly, with a half-life of 2.4 ± 0.3 h in paddy water and 1.03 ± 0.1 h in paddy soil. However, when BC was introduced, the degradation slowed significantly, extending the half-lives to 3.1 ± 0.2 h in water and 3.07 ± 0.5 h in soil. The study identified five degradation products (DPs) using TOF mass accuracy measurements and MS/MS spectra fragmentation. Two of these DPs were found to be more stable than profoxydim itself. Additionally, the research proposed a novel photodegradation pathway, highlighting processes such as homolytic C-N bond cleavage, photoisomerization, and photoinduced oxidation. The study’s findings contribute new insights into the environmental fate of profoxydim, offering a deeper understanding of its transformation in rice paddy fields and aiding in the assessment of potential risks associated with its residues in agricultural environments.

Background: Clinically important perioperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common cardiac complication after noncardiac surgery. Little is known about how patients with POAF are managed acutely and whether practices have changed over time. Methods: We conducted an observational substudy of patients who had POAF, were at elevated cardiovascular risk, and were enrolled in the PeriOperative Ischemic Evaluation (POISE)-1, 2 and 3 trials between 2002 and 2021. POAF was defined as new, clinically important atrial fibrillation occurring within 30 days after surgery. We assessed the use of rhythm-control and anticoagulation treatment in response to POAF, at hospital discharge and at 30 days after surgery. We assessed for temporal trends using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the 27,896 patients included, 545 (1.9%) developed clinically important POAF. Patients received rhythm-control treatment in 48.6% of cases. The level of use of rhythm-control treatment increased over the course of the trials (POISE-1 vs POISE-2 vs POISE-3; 40.9% vs 49.5% vs 59.1%). A later randomization date was associated independently with use of rhythm-control treatment (odds ratio, 1.05 per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.09). Anticoagulation treatment was prescribed in 21% of POAF cases. The level of anticoagulation treatement use was higher in POISE-3, compared to that in the 2 previous trials (POISE-1 vs POISE-2 vs POISE-3—16.4% vs 16.5% vs 33.6%). A later randomization date was associated independently with use of anticoagulation treatment (odds ratio, 1.06 per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.11). Conclusions: Despite the absence of randomized controlled trials, the level of use of rhythm-control and anticoagulation treatment for POAF is rising. High-quality trials are needed urgently to determine whether these interventions are safe and effective in this population. Résumé: Contexte: En chirurgie non cardiaque, la fibrillation auriculaire postopératoire (FAPO) d’importance clinique est une complication cardiaque fréquente. La prise en charge ponctuelle des patients présentant une FAPO est mal connue et on ne sait pas précisément si les pratiques ont évolué au fil du temps. Méthodologie: Nous avons mené une sous-étude d’observation auprès de patients ayant présenté une FAPO et dont le risque cardiovasculaire était élevé, et qui avaient participé aux études 1, 2 ou 3 du programme d’essais cliniques POISE (PeriOperative Ischemic Evaluation) entre 2002 et 2021. La FAPO était définie comme un nouvel épisode de fibrillation auriculaire (FA) d’importance clinique au cours des 30 jours suivant une intervention chirurgicale. Nous avons évalué l’utilisation d’un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque et de l’anticoagulothérapie dans la prise en charge d’une FAPO, au moment du congé de l’hôpital, puis 30 jours après l’intervention chirurgicale. Nous avons procédé à l’évaluation des tendances temporelles par régression logistique multivariée. Résultats: Sur les 27 896 patients inclus dans l’analyse, 545 (1,9 %) ont présenté une FAPO d’importance clinique. Dans 48,6 % des cas, les patients ont reçu un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque. Le taux d’utilisation d’un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque a augmenté d’une étude à l’autre (étude POISE-1 vs étude POISE-2 vs étude POISE-3; 40,9 % vs 49,5 % vs 59,1 %, respectivement). Une date plus tardive de la répartition aléatoire était un facteur indépendant de l’utilisation d’un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque (rapport de cotes = 1,05 par an; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 1,01-1,09). Une anticoagulothérapie a été prescrite à 21 % des patients ayant présenté une FAPO. Le taux d’utilisation d’une anticoagulothérapie était plus élevé dans l’étude POISE-3, comparativement aux deux essais précédents (étude POISE-1 vs étude POISE-2 vs étude POISE-3; – 16,4 % vs 16,5 % vs 33,6 %, respectivement). Une date plus tardive de la répartition aléatoire était un facteur indépendant d’utilisation d’une anticoagulothérapie (rapport de cotes = 1,06 par an; IC à 95 % : 1,02-1,11). Conclusions: Malgré l’absence d’essais comparatifs avec répartition aléatoire, le taux d’utilisation d’un traitement visant à régulariser le rythme cardiaque ou d’une anticoagulothérapie chez les patients présentant une FAPO est en augmentation. Il existe un besoin urgent de réaliser des études cliniques de grande qualité afin de déterminer si ces interventions sont sûres et efficaces dans cette population de patients.

Introduction: Adherence to nutritional medical treatments is essential for attaining clinical benefits. Yet, the evidence regarding the impact of various factors on adherence to these treatments is limited, highlighting the need for strategies that facilitate early identification of prognostic adherence factors. Objectives: This study aims to identify factors that may influence adherence to nutritional medical treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted using a validated 25-item questionnaire targeted at specialists in Endocrinology, Nutrition, Rehabilitation, and Dysphagia. Results: A total of 296 health professionals participated, providing pertinent data for 614 patients with dysphagia and malnutrition during routine clinical practice in public hospitals. Several factors potentially impairing adherence were identified, such as a patient's lack of appetite, satiety, disinterest and fatigue. Texture was recognized as a facilitating factor in 96% of cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between the value patients place on the intake of oral nutrition supplements in their recovery process and their compliance with the prescribed doses. Conclusions: The results emphasize the importance of communicating with patients and caregivers about the necessity of complying with the prescribed nutritional regimen and its potential benefits. The analysis of habits also underlined the need to offer flexible, patient-tailored nutritional solutions to enhance treatment adherence.

Reseña de Lope de Vega, La bella malmaridada, ed. Julián González-Barrera, Madrid, Cátedra, Letras Hispánicas 898, 2024, 392 pp. ISBN 978-84-376-4739-5.

BackgroundTelemonitoring for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not consistently demonstrated superiority over standard care; however, noninferiority may be an acceptable outcome if remote care proves to be more efficient. ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the remission time and quality of life of patients with active IBD managed through standard care versus the TECCU (Telemonitoring of Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis) app. MethodsA 2-arm, randomized, multicenter trial with a noninferiority design was conducted across 24 hospitals in Spain. The study included adult patients with IBD who were starting immunosuppressive or biological therapy. Participants were randomized into 2 groups: the telemonitoring group (G_TECCU) and the standard care group (G_Control). The follow-up schedule for the telemonitoring group (G_TECCU) was based on contacts via the TECCU app, while the control group (G_Control) adhered to standard clinical practice, which included in-person visits and telephone calls. In both groups, treatment adjustments were made based on the progression of disease activity and medication adherence, assessed using specific indices and biological markers at each check-up. The primary outcome was the duration of remission after 12 weeks, while secondary outcomes included quality of life, medication adherence, adverse events, and patient satisfaction. ResultsOf the 169 patients enrolled, 158 were randomized and 150 were analyzed per protocol: telemonitoring (n=71) and control (n=79). After 12 weeks, the time in clinical remission was not inferior in the telemonitoring group (mean 4.20, SD 3.73 weeks) compared with the control group (mean 4.32, SD 3.28 weeks), with a mean difference between arms of –0.12 weeks (95% CI –1.25 to 1.01; noninferiority P=.02). The mean reduction in C-reactive protein values was –15.40 mg/L (SD 90.15 mg/L; P=.19) in the G_TECCU group and –13.16 mg/L (SD 54.61 mg/L; P=.05) in the G_Control group, with no significant differences between the 2 arms (P=.73). Similarly, the mean improvement in fecal calprotectin levels was 832.3 mg/L (SD 1825.0 mg/L; P=.003) in the G_TECCU group and 1073.5 mg/L (SD 3105.7 mg/L; P=.03) in the G_Control group; however, the differences were not statistically significant (P=.96). Quality of life improved in both groups, with a mean increase in the 9-item Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire score of 13.44 points (SD 19.1 points; P

Abstract Background Gene editing therapies in development for correcting out-of-frame DMD mutations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy aim to replicate benign spontaneous deletions. Deletion of 45–55 DMD exons (del45–55) was described in asymptomatic subjects, but recently serious skeletal and cardiac complications have been reported. Uncovering why a single mutation like del45–55 is able to induce diverse phenotypes and grades of severity may impact the strategies of emerging therapies. Cellular models are essential for this purpose, but their availability is compromised by scarce muscle biopsies. Methods We introduced, as a proof-of-concept, using CRISPR-Cas9 edition, a del45–55 mimicking the intronic breakpoints harboured by a subset of patients of this form of dystrophinopathy (designing specific gRNAs), into a Duchenne patient’s cell line. The edited cell line was characterized evaluating the dystrophin expression and the myogenic status. Results Dystrophin expression was restored, and the myogenic defects were ameliorated in the edited myoblasts harbouring a specific del45–55. Besides confirming the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 to create tailored mutations (despite the low cleavage efficiency of our gRNAs) as a useful approach to generate in vitro models, we also generated an immortalized myoblast line derived from a patient with a specific del45–55. Conclusions Overall, we provide helpful resources to deepen into unknown factors responsible for DMD-pathophysiology.

Abstract Worldwide, more than 90% of contemporary syphilis strains belong to SS14-like clade. This study aimed to describe the molecular profile of circulating Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA) strains in Barcelona, Spain, from 2021 to 2023 building upon our report in 2015 which showed that 94.8% of typed strains belonged to the SS14 clade. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was conducted on TPA-positive samples obtained from swab samples by sequencing the tp0136, tp0548, and tp0705 loci. Strains were classified as Nichols-like or SS14-like clade. Macrolide and tetracycline resistance‑associated mutations were determined through analysis of 23S rDNA and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Of the 96 typeable samples, 47.9% belonged to SS14-like and 52.1% to the Nichols-like. Fourteen haplotypes were identified, with ST26 representing 43.8% of the samples, distributed across 11 haplotypes in the SS14-like and 3 haplotypes in the Nichols-like. All the samples showed macrolide resistance-associated mutations, while none exhibited tetracycline-associated mutations. Our findings revealed a substantial shift in the proportion of TPA clades within the Barcelona population from 2021 to 2023, characterized by a higher proportion of Nichols-like strains compared to 2015 and international trends. The varying temporal and geographical trends underscore the need for regular surveillance to understand regional variations in syphilis and strengthen control programs.

Abstract Recent epidemiological studies have suggested a positive association between ultra-processed food consumption and breast cancer risk, although some studies also reported no association. Furthermore, the evidence regarding the associations between intake of food with lower degrees of processing and breast cancer risk is limited. Thus, we investigated the associations between dietary intake by degree of food processing and breast cancer risk, overall and by breast cancer subtypes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Dietary intake of EPIC participants was assessed via questionnaires at baseline. More than 11,000 food ingredients were classified into four groups of food processing levels using the NOVA classification system: unprocessed/minimally processed (NOVA 1), culinary ingredients (NOVA 2), processed (NOVA 3) and ultra-processed (NOVA 4). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer per standard deviation increase in daily consumption (grams) of foods from each NOVA group. The current analysis included 14,933 breast cancer cases, diagnosed among the 318,686 EPIC female participants, (median follow-up of 14.9 years). No associations were found between breast cancer risk and the level of dietary intake from NOVA 1 [HR per 1 SD=0.99 (95% CI 0.97 – 1.01)], NOVA 2 [HR per 1 SD =1.01 (95% CI 0.98 – 1.03)] and NOVA 4 [HR per 1 SD =1.01 (95% CI 0.99 – 1.03)] foods. However, a positive association was found between NOVA 3 and breast cancer risk [HR per 1 SD =1.05 (95% CI 1.03 – 1.07)] which became non-significant after adjustment for alcohol intake [HR per 1 SD =1.01 (95% CI 0.98 – 1.05)] or when beer and wine were excluded from this group [HR per 1 SD =0.99 (95% CI 0.97 – 1.01)]. The associations did not differ by breast cancer subtype, menopausal status or body mass index. Findings from this large-scale prospective study suggest that the positive association between processed food intake and breast cancer risk was likely driven by alcoholic beverage consumption. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Social media messages often provide insights into offline behaviors. Although hate speech proliferates rapidly across social media platforms, it is rarely recognized as a cybercrime, even when it may be linked to offline hate crimes that typically involve physical violence. This paper aims to anticipate violent acts by analyzing online hate speech (hatred, toxicity, and sentiment) and comparing it to offline hate crime. The dataset for this preregistered study included social media posts from X (previously called Twitter) and Facebook and internal police records of hate crimes reported in Spain between 2016 and 2018. After conducting preliminary data analysis to check the moderate temporal correlation, we used time series analysis to develop computational models (VAR, GLMNet, and XGBTree) to predict four time periods of these rare events on a daily and weekly basis. Forty-eight models were run to forecast two types of offline hate crimes, those against migrants and those against the LGBT community. The best model for migrant crime achieved an R2 of 64%, while that for LGBT crime reached 53%. According to the best ML models, the weekly aggregations outperformed the daily aggregations, the national models outperformed those geolocated in Madrid, and those about migration were more effective than those about LGBT people. Moreover, toxic language outperformed hatred and sentiment analysis, Facebook posts were better predictors than tweets, and in most cases, speech temporally preceded crime. Although we do not make any claims about causation, we conclude that online inflammatory language could be a leading indicator for detecting potential hate crimes acts and that these models can have practical applications for preventing these crimes.

Abstract Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum.

Abstract Biological soil covers (BSCs) play a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning by enhancing soil stability, mediating nutrient cycling, and influencing soil hydrology. Recognized as ecosystem engineers, they can physically modify, maintain, or create habitats, facilitating plant community development. Through these intricate interactions, BSCs contribute significantly to ecological processes, highlighting their importance in the overall health and functionality of the ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula. Here we present the results obtained from the contributions of the citizen scientists uploaded from November 2019 to January 2021 with eBryoSoil, an app that allows citizens to participate in mapping the BSC communities across the Iberian Peninsula. Here, we emphasize the importance of habitats and consequently, their interaction with climatic variables for the persistence of BSCs (lichens and bryophytes). Conservation efforts targeted at preserving diverse habitats are essential to ensure the continued presence of lichen and bryophyte communities. Despite challenges posed by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, this citizen science project demonstrated success in utilizing a specifically tailored app to gather valuable information on BSC communities, providing insights into their vulnerability to climate change. This program serves as an illustrative example of how citizen science can effectively identify and study vulnerable habitats, offering a blueprint for future studies focused on understudied organisms.

Abstract The incorporation of digital pathology in clinical practice will require the training of pathologists in digital skills. Our study aimed to assess the reliability among pathologists in determining tumor percentage in whole slide images (WSI) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using digital image analysis, and study how the results correlate with the molecular findings. Pathologists from nine centers were trained to quantify epithelial tumor cells, tumor-associated stromal cells, and non-neoplastic cells from NSCLC WSI using QuPath. Then, we conducted two consecutive ring trials. In the first trial, analyzing four WSI, reliability between pathologists in the assessment of tumor cell percentage was poor (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.09). After performing the first ring trial pathologists received feedback. The second trial, comprising 10 WSI with paired next-generation sequencing results, also showed poor reliability (ICC 0.24). Cases near the recommended 20% visual threshold for molecular techniques exhibited higher values with digital analysis. In the second ring trial reliability slightly improved and human errors were reduced from 5.6% to 1.25%. Most discrepancies arose from subjective tasks, such as the annotation process, suggesting potential improvement with future artificial intelligence solutions.

Abstract Despite the growing variety of sequencing and variant-calling tools, no workflow performs equally well across the entire human genome. Understanding context-dependent performance is critical for enabling researchers, clinicians, and developers to make informed tradeoffs when selecting sequencing hardware and software. Here we describe a set of “stratifications,” which are BED files that define distinct contexts throughout the genome. We define these for GRCh37/38 as well as the new T2T-CHM13 reference, adding many new hard-to-sequence regions which are critical for understanding performance as the field progresses. Specifically, we highlight the increase in hard-to-map and GC-rich stratifications in CHM13 relative to the previous references. We then compare the benchmarking performance with each reference and show the performance penalty brought about by these additional difficult regions in CHM13. Additionally, we demonstrate how the stratifications can track context-specific improvements over different platform iterations, using Oxford Nanopore Technologies as an example. The means to generate these stratifications are available as a snakemake pipeline at https://github.com/usnistgov/giab-stratifications . We anticipate this being useful in enabling precise risk-reward calculations when building sequencing pipelines for any of the commonly-used reference genomes.

Abstract Background Recent evidence indicates that the risk of death by suicide in teenagers has increased significantly worldwide. Consequently, different therapeutic interventions have been proposed for suicidal behavior in this particular population. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to provide an updated review of the existing psychological interventions for the treatment of suicide attempts (SA) in adolescents and to analyze the efficacy of such interventions. Methods A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The studies were identified by searching PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2016 to 2022. According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 40 studies that tested the efficacy of different psychological interventions were selected. Results Various psychological interventions for adolescents with suicidal behaviors were identified. Most of those present promising results. However, to summarize results from recent years, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was the most common and the only treatment shown to be effective for adolescents at high risk of suicide and SA. In contrast, empirical evidence for other psychological interventions focusing on deliberate self-harm (SH) is inconclusive. Conclusions Interventions specifically designed to reduce suicidal risk in adolescents have multiplied significantly in recent years. There are a few promising interventions for reducing suicidal behaviors in adolescents evaluated by independent research groups. However, replication and dismantling studies are needed to identify the effects of these interventions and their specific components. An important future challenge is to develop brief and effective interventions to reduce the risk of death by suicide among the adolescent population.

The machining of implants and parts for dental prostheses to eliminate biofilm in the implantoplasty process causes a loss of mechanical properties and also characteristics of the surfaces, making tissue regeneration difficult. In the present work, treatments consisting of elements that can reduce infection, such as citric acid and magnesium, together with elements that can improve cell adhesion and proliferation, such as collagen, are proposed for implant–crown assembly. Titanium, zirconia, composite (PMMA + feldspar) and cobalt–chromium discs were immersed in four different solutions: 25% citric acid, 25% citric acid with the addition of collagen 0.25 g/L, 25% citric acid with the addition of 0.50 g/L and the latter with the addition of 1% Mg (NO3)2. After immersion was applied for 2 and 10 min, the roughness was determined by interferometric microscopy and the contact angle (CA) was evaluated. Human fibroblastic and osteoblastic line cells (HFFs and SaOS-2) were used to determine cell viability and proliferation capacity. Cell binding and cytotoxicity were determined by resazurin sodium salt assay (Alamar Blue) and cell morphology by confocal assay (immunofluorescence F-actin (phalloidin)) after 3 days of incubation. For the evaluation of bacterial activity, the bacterial strains Sptreptococcus gordonii (Gram+) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram−) were used. The antibacterial properties of the proposed treatments were determined by means of the resazurin sodium salt (Alamar Blue) assay after 1 day of incubation. The treatments considerably decreased the contact angle of the treated samples with respect to the control samples. The treatments endowed the surfaces of the samples with a hydrophilic/super-hydrophilic character. The combination of elements proposed for this study provided cell viability greater than 70%; considering the absence of cytotoxicity, it therefore promotes the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts. In addition, it also endows the surface with antibacterial characteristics against from Gram+ and Gram− bacteria without damaging the cells. These results show that this mouthwash can be useful in oral applications to produce a new passivation layer that favors the hydrophilicity of the surface and promotes cellular activity for the formation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts, as well as showing bactericidal activity.

Abstract Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) is a major pathway for the discharge of fresh and saline groundwater and associated dissolved compounds into marine environments. However, assessing SGD processes in coastal aquifers is challenging due to inaccessibility, dynamic conditions, complex subsurface geology, and the need for long-term monitoring to capture temporal and spatial variations in SGD rates accurately. This study employs marine continuous resistivity profiling (MCRP) as a main method to assess the presence of freshwater or brackish SGD offshore and to examine its potential seasonal variations. The method has been applied in the coastal alluvial aquifer of Maresme (Spain) and validated with other methods to trace SGD, including salinity profiles, Ra isotopes, and piezometric levels. Several MCRP transects of 700 m long, perpendicular to the coastline, were performed in a coastal marine area to obtain electrical resistivity data of the seabed covering an area of 3 km2. The data was acquired in two field campaigns with contrasting hydrological conditions (dry and wet seasons). The MCRP results allow the identification of areas of fresh SGD in marine sediments, with a clear seasonal variability that indicates a higher discharge of fresh groundwater in the wet season.

Abstract Rising global pediatric obesity rates, increase non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence, with MetS being a NAFLD risk factor. NAFLD can be asymptomatic, with liver function tests insensitive to mild disease, and liver biopsy, risking complications. Thus, we investigated multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) metrics of liver fat (proton density fat fraction, PDFF) and disease activity (fibro-inflammation; iron-corrected T1, cT1), in a Hispanic pre-pubertal pediatric cohort, with increased risk of NAFLD. Pre-pubertal boys (n = 81) of varying Body-Mass Index (BMI) were recruited in Mexico City. Most children (81%) had normal liver transaminase levels, 38% had high BMI, and 14% had ≥ 3 MetS risk factors. Applying mpMRI thresholds, 12%, 7% and 4% of the cohort had NAFLD, NASH and high-risk NASH respectively. Participants with ≥ 3 MetS risk factors had higher cT1 (834 ms vs. 737 ms, p = 0.004) and PDFF (8.7% vs. 2.2%, p