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This article discusses a condition called Type B pigmentary demarcation lines (PDLs) in pregnancy. PDLs are abrupt boundaries between areas of hyperpigmentation and unaffected skin. Type B PDLs typically occur in the posteromedial area of the lower extremities and are commonly seen in pregnant women. They tend to manifest during the third trimester and resolve spontaneously within 1-7 months after childbirth. The exact cause of Type B PDLs is uncertain, but hormonal changes during pregnancy and mechanical compression of nerves are proposed theories. It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of this condition to accurately diagnose and reassure pregnant women. [Extracted from the article]

Disorders of hyperpigmentation are common and, depending on the extent and location of involvement, can affect the quality of life and pose a significant psychologic burden for patients. Given the similarities in presentation of the various causes of hyperpigmentation, it is often difficult to elucidate the etiology of these conditions, which is important to guide management. Furthermore, certain disorders, such as lichen planus pigmentosus and ashy dermatosis, have similar clinical and/or histologic presentations, and their classification as distinct entities has been debated upon, leading to additional confusion. In this review, the authors selected commonly encountered disorders of hyperpigmentation of the skin, subdivided into epidermal, dermal, or mixed epidermal-dermal disorders based on the location of pigment deposition, along with disorders of hyperpigmentation of the mucosa and nails. Melanocytic nevi, genetic disorders, and systemic causes of hyperpigmentation were largely excluded and considered to be outside the scope of this review. We discussed the pathogenesis of hyperpigmentation as well as the clinical and histologic features of these conditions, along with challenges encountered in their diagnosis and classification. The second article in this 2-part continuing medical education series focuses on the medical and procedural treatments of hyperpigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periorbital dark circles are common in all races. Proposed causes include increased vasculature, tear-trough deformity, pigmentary demarcation lines, spongiotic dermatitis, lichenoid dermatitis, acanthosis nigricans, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and heredity. Aims: To evaluate the clinical features and histopathological features of dark circles compared to nearby unaffected skin in South Asians. Methods: Clinical evaluation, skin biopsies, and narrow-band reflectance spectrophotometry of periorbital dark circles and nearby unaffected skin were performed on all subjects. Results: There was a positive correlation between the clinical severity of dark circles and increased melanin based on spectrophotometry. Histological evaluation showed increased dermal melanin content in dark circles compared to normal skin. Limitations: Single-center pilot study. Conclusion: Dark circles in this cohort of South Asians are associated with increased dermal melanin. Other contributing factors may include exaggerated tear trough depression, translucency of eyelid skin, and pigmentary demarcation lines.

Treatment may be administered for cosmetic purposes.1 According to reports, using a Q-switched alexandrite laser can effectively clear almost 70% of the affected areas without complications.1,7 Our patient displayed satisfactory results using this treatment modality, with the long-term effects continuously followed up. (B) Patient's right face before treatment, (C) patient's left face before treatment, (D) patient's right face after treatment, and (E) patient's left face after treatment gl Facial PDL presents as bilateral, well-defined, homogenous, hyperpigmented patches. A cross-sectional study in India revealed that approximately 14% (144/1033) of patients had facial PDLs, and line F was the most common type.3 Concomitantly, our patients presented with F and G types. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Periorbital dark circles are common in all races. Proposed causes include increased vasculature, tear-trough deformity, pigmentary demarcation lines, spongiotic dermatitis, lichenoid dermatitis, acanthosis nigricans, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and heredity. Aims: To evaluate the clinical features and histopathological features of dark circles compared to nearby unaffected skin in South Asians. Methods: Clinical evaluation, skin biopsies, and narrow-band reflectance spectrophotometry of periorbital dark circles and nearby unaffected skin were performed on all subjects. Results: There was a positive correlation between the clinical severity of dark circles and increased melanin based on spectrophotometry. Histological evaluation showed increased dermal melanin content in dark circles compared to normal skin. Limitations: Single-center pilot study. Conclusion: Dark circles in this cohort of South Asians are associated with increased dermal melanin. Other contributing factors may include exaggerated tear trough depression, translucency of eyelid skin, and pigmentary demarcation lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the association of periorbital melanosis with pigmentary demarcation line- F. Methods This observational study was carried out at the Department of Dermatology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences/ Services Hospital Lahore, from January 2017 to June 2017. A total of 50 patients of periorbital melanosis of any age and either sex were included. The association between periorbital melanosis (POM) and pigmentary demarcation line-F (PDL-F), if present, was determined by close inspection of the patients, histopathological and Wood's lamp examination. Results In 44 (88%) patients, PDL-F was observed along with POM. Histopathological examination carried out on 5 patients showed melanin pigment within dermal macrophages in both POM and PDL-F. In 9 (18%) patients, both POM and PDL-F became indiscernible on Wood's lamp examination. Conclusion POM and PDL-F are common chronic and same pigmentary conditions and should be considered as a single entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigmentary demarcation lines (PDLs) are abrupt transition lines from areas of deeper pigmentation to less pigmented areas. They are considered to be normal variants of pigmentation. Eight different variants of PDLs have been described (A to H), with type A being the most common one. We herein describe two Caucasian children with this peculiarity of pigmentation in the upper arms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We have been observing that a significant proportion of our patients, especially females, have certain pigmentary demarcation lines (PDL) over the face. However, systematic studies of the subject are lacking. Alms: We categorized the different clinical patterns of facial PDLs in the Indian subpopulation and assessed their prevalence in this study. Methods: About 4000 consecutive patients, both males and females, attending our skin clinic were examined for the presence of any pigmentary demarcation lines on the face, from October 1998 to February 2000. Results: Out of the study population of 4037 patients, 243(6%) were found to have demarcation lines on the face. The demarcation lines were far more common in women (9%) than in men (0.75%). These lines could be classified into three patterns that we would like to label as F, 6, H as PDLs A to E have already been described. Conclusions: Pigmentary demarcation lines are fairly common in the Indian population especially amongst the females. Hormonal influences could possibly explain the female preponderance. Aggregation of cases within families or among close relatives suggests a genetic background.

Pigmentary demarcation lines (PDLs), also known as Futcher or Voigt lines, present as an abrupt transition between areas of light and dark pigmentation. They consist of eight specific patterns, labeled A through H, among which types C and E are hypopigmented markings. In this paper, we described two girls with some bizarre hypopigmentation on their chest. Based on the clinical features, these lesions were diagnosed as types E and C of PDLs. No similar lesions were observed in their parents and younger brother. To our knowledge, types E and C of PDLs occurring in Chinese siblings have not previously been reported. We hope that the observation would help to understand the pathogenesis of PDLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To date, periorbital melanosis is an ill-defined entity. The condition has been stated to be darkening of the skin around the eyes, dark circles, infraorbital darkening and so on.Aims: This study was aimed at exploring the nature of pigmentation in periorbital melanosis.Methods: One hundred consecutive patients of periorbital melanosis were examined and investigated to define periorbital melanosis. Extent of periorbital melanosis was determined by clinical examination. Wood's lamp examination was performed in all the patients to determine the depth of pigmentation. A 2-mm punch biopsy was carried out in 17 of 100 patients.Results: In 92 (92%) patients periorbital melanosis was an extension of pigmentary demarcation line over the face (PDL-F).Conclusion: Periorbital melanosis and pigmentary demarcation line of the face are not two different conditions; rather they are two different manifestations of the same disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of woolly hair nevus with pigmentary demarcation lines and heterochromia iridis. Woolly hair nevus is a rare abnormality of the scalp hair characterized by the patch of hair, which is curlier and light colored than the rest of the scalp hair. Association of woolly hair nevus with some other ectodermal defects effecting skin and eyes has been reported before. Here, woolly hair nevus associated with demarcation lines and heterochromia iridis, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a case report of a young female patient who presented with pigmentary demarcation lines type A on the anterolateral aspect of both arms, which were satisfactorily treated with a Q-switched alexandrite laser with no adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]