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Stočarska proizvodnja općenito, a posebice svinjogojski sektor ima važnu ulogu u europskoj poljoprivredi. EU je trenutno vodeći svjetski izvoznik proizvoda od svinjskog mesa, a izvoz je dodatno potaknut padom proizvodnje u Aziji. Cilj rada je prikazati svinjogojsku proizvodnju u Hrvatskoj i Europskoj uniji (EU) u razdoblju od 2011. do 2020. godine. Također se želi utvrditi utjecaj ulaska u EU i mjera Zajedničke poljoprivredne politike na svinjogojski sektor u Hrvatskoj. Broj svinja u EU 27 i Hrvatskoj je u navedenom razdoblju u padu. Iznimka su Španjolska i Danska gdje broj svinja u navedenom razdoblju raste. Prije ulaska Hrvatske u EU, pojedini autori su navodili kako postoji perspektiva uzgoja svinja ulaskom na slobodno tržište Unije, posebno s naglaskom na držanje i dobrobit životinja koji se temelji na načelima ekološke poljoprivrede, no za sada to još uvijek nije dovoljno iskorišteno te nam proizvodni i ekonomski rezultati zaostaju za onima u razvijenijim zemljama., Livestock production plays an important role in global an European agriculture, as well as Croatian. The EU is currently the world’s leading exporter of pork products, and exports are further boosted by declining production in Asia. The aim of this paper is to present pig production in Croatia and the European Union (EU) in the period from 2011 to 2020. Second aim is to determine the impact of EU accession and Common Agricultural Policy measures on the pig sector in Croatia. The number of pigs in the EU-27 and Croatia is declining in this period. The exceptions are Spain and Denmark, where the number of pigs is growing during this period. Before Croatia's accession to the EU, some authors stated that there is a prospect of raising pigs by entering the free market of the Union, especially with an emphasis on keeping and animal welfare based on the principles of organic agriculture, but so far that is not sufficiently used and economic results lag behind those in more developed countries., Die Viehzucht, insbesondere die Schweinezucht, spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der globalen und europäischen Landwirtschaft. Die EU ist derzeit der weltweit führende Exporteur von Schweinefleischprodukten, wobei die Exporte durch die rückläufige Produktion in Asien weiter angekurbelt werden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Schweineproduktion in Kroatien und in der Europäischen Union (EU) im Zeitraum von 2011 bis 2020 darzustellen. Außerdem sollen die Auswirkungen des EU-Beitritts und der Maßnahmen der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik auf den Schweinesektor in Kroatien bestimmt werden. Die Anzahl der Schweine in der EU-27 und in Kroatien ist in diesem Zeitraum rückläufig. Ausnahmen sind Spanien und Dänemark, wo die Zahl der Schweine in diesem Zeitraum steigt. Vor dem EU-Beitritt Kroatiens behaupteten einige Autoren, dass es durch den Eintritt in den freien Markt der Union eine Perspektive für die Schweinezucht gibt, vor allem mit dem Schwerpunkt auf der Haltung und dem Wohlergehen der Tiere, basierend auf den Prinzipien der ökologischen Landwirtschaft; das wurde jedoch bis jetzt nicht ausreichend genutzt und die wirtschaftlichen Ergebnisse sind immer noch schlechter als die Ergebnisse der entwickelteren Länder., La producción ganadera en general, y el sector porcino en particular, juegan un papel importante en la agricultura europea. La UE es actualmente el principal exportador mundial de productos porcinos y las exportaciones se ven impulsadas aún más por la disminución de la producción en Asia. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la producción porcina en Croacia y la Unión Europea (UE) en el período de 2011 a 2020. El objetivo también es determinar el impacto de la adhesión a la UE y las medidas de la Política Agrícola Común en el sector porcino de Croacia. El número de cerdos en la UE-27 y Croacia está disminuyendo en este período. Las excepciones son España y Dinamarca, donde el número de cerdos está creciendo durante este período. Antes de la adhesión de Croacia a la UE, algunos autores afirmaron que existe la posibilidad de criar cerdos ingresando al mercado libre de la UE, especialmente con un énfasis en la cría de animales y el bienestar basado en los principios de la agricultura orgánica, pero hasta ahora esto no fue aprovechado lo suficiente, así que los resultados económicos se quedan atrás de los de los países más desarrollados., La produzione animale in generale, ed il settore suinicolo in particolare, ha un ruolo importante nell’agricoltura europea. L’UE è attualmente il maggior esportatore di prodotti a base di carne suina del mondo, esportazioni che hanno ricevuto un ulteriore impulso dal calo della produzione in Asia. L’obiettivo di questo studio è illustrare la produzione suinicola sia in Croazia, sia nell’Unione europea (UE) nel periodo compreso tra il 2011 ed il 2020. Si intende anche accertare l’impatto dell’ingresso della Croazia nell’Unione europea e delle misure della Politica agricola comune (PAC) nel settore suinicolo in Croazia. Il numero di maiali nei 27 Stati membri dell’UE ed in Croazia nel suddetto periodo è in calo. Fanno eccezione la Spagna e la Danimarca, dove il numero di maiali nel suddetto periodo è in crescita. Prima dell’ingresso della Croazia nell’UE, alcuni autori sostenevano che il settore suinicolo avesse un certo futuro sul libero mercato dell’Unione, in particolare con l’accento sull’allevamento e il benessere degli animali basato sui principi dell’agricoltura ecologica. Per ora, tuttavia, non è stato così, ed i risultati sia produttivi, sia economici lamentano un significativo ritardo rispetto a quelli dei paesi più sviluppati.

[ES] Actualmente, la sostenibilidad del sector porcino depende de su capacidad para responder a la elevada demanda de productos ganaderos derivada del crecimiento de la población, adaptándose a los cambios en los contextos económico y político, y mejorando su rendimiento medioambiental mediante la mitigación de su impacto ambiental. En este contexto, el uso de subproductos agroindustriales ofrece materias primas alternativas en producción animal, con una menor carga ambiental asociada, en forma de piensos para el ganado, fuente de compuestos bioactivos o materias primas útiles en la producción de bioenergía. Esta tesis doctoral pretende evaluar el uso de subproductos agroindustriales mediterráneos como ingredientes en piensos para el ganado porcino o como co-substratos para la producción de biogás. Con este objetivo, se diseñaron y realizaron cuatro ensayos para evaluar el uso de subproductos de la industria del aceite de oliva y del zumo de naranja en alimentación porcina, evaluando su valor nutricional y las consecuencias de su inclusión sobre el rendimiento y la salud de los animales, la calidad del producto final y las emisiones de gases de los purines. Además, se realizó un ensayo para evaluar el efecto de cuatro sustratos agrícolas sobre el potencial bioquímico de metano (BMP) en co-digestión anaerobia con purines. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los ensayos de valor nutricional indican que las tortas de aceituna y las pulpas de naranja ensayadas pueden ser incluidas en la dieta con cambios asociados en la excreción de nutrientes que conducen a modificaciones en las emisiones potenciales de amoníaco y BMP de los purines. En cuanto a los subproductos de la torta de aceituna, el ensayo de valor nutricional con tortas de aceituna crudas (COC) y parcialmente desgrasadas (PDOC) mostró que ambas tortas son fuentes apreciables de fibra insoluble, pero tienen un valor energético limitado (11.2 y 7.4 MJ/kg MS para COC y PDOC respectivamente) y un bajo valor como fuente de proteínas. En cambio, las pulpas de naranja deshidratadas (DOP) y ensilada secada al sol (ESDOP) ensayadas son una fuente de energía relevante (14.2 y 13.2 MJ/kg MS para DOP y ESDOP respectivamente) con valor añadido debido a su contenido en fibra soluble. En los ensayos de emisiones in vitro, los subproductos ensayados generaron una disminución en la excreción de N en la orina y, en el caso de la pulpa de aceituna, un aumento de la excreción de materia seca en heces. La emisión de amoniaco por kg de purín disminuyó con la inclusión de torta de aceituna y pulpa de naranja, mientras que el BMP por animal y día se vio negativamente afectado por la inclusión de torta de aceituna obteniendo un mayor BMP con estos subproductos. En cuanto a los ensayos de rendimientos productivos, la PDOC y la DOP pueden incluirse en la dieta hasta 120 y 240 g/kg respectivamente, sin efectos negativos en el caso de la PDOC y efectos menores para la DOP sobre los rendimientos productivos, la composición corporal y la calidad de la canal. La inclusión de PDOC y DOP no afectó a los recuentos microbianos ni al volumen, la composición y la emisión global de gases de los purines. Además, se observaron efectos beneficiosos sobre la grasa subcutánea con la inclusión de PDOC, mejorando su concentración en ácido oleico. La co-digestión anaerobia de subproductos agrícolas y purines mejora el BMP de la mezcla de sustratos en comparación con la digestión única de purines. Se obtuvieron mayores valores de BMP con la adición de los sustratos agrícolas, lo que confirma el mejor rendimiento de los sistemas en co-digestión a niveles de inclusión adecuados. Las combinaciones con tomate, pimiento y melocotón al nivel de inclusión 3 (50% de SV) alcanzaron el mayor BMP. Esto supuso un incremento del BMP del 41% con tomate, 44% con pimiento, 28% con melocotón y 12% con caqui. Los sustratos vegetales mostraron un mayor contenido en lípidos, prote, [CAT Actualment, la sostenibilitat del sector porcí depèn de la seua capacitat per a respondre a l'elevada demanda de productes ramaders derivada del creixement de la població, adaptant-se als canvis en els contextos econòmic i polític, i millorant el seu rendiment mediambiental mitjançant la mitigació del seu impacte ambiental. En aquest context, l'ús de subproductes agroindustrials ofereix matèries primeres alternatives en producció animal, amb una menor càrrega ambiental associada, en forma de pinsos per al bestiar, font de compostos bioactius o matèries primeres útils en la producció de bioenergia. Aquesta tesi doctoral pretén avaluar l'ús de subproductes agroindustrials mediterranis com a ingredients en pinsos per al bestiar porcí o com co-substrats per a la producció de biogàs. Amb aquest objectiu, es van dissenyar i realitzar quatre assajos per a avaluar l'ús de subproductes de la indústria de l'oli d'oliva i del suc de taronja en alimentació porcina, avaluant el seu valor nutricional i les conseqüències de la seua inclusió sobre el rendiment i la salut dels animals, la qualitat del producte final i les emissions de gasos dels purins. A més, es va realitzar un assaig per a avaluar l'efecte de quatre substrats agrícoles sobre el potencial bioquímic de metà (BMP) en co-digestió anaeròbia amb purins. Els resultats obtinguts a partir dels assajos de valor nutricional indiquen que les trotes d'oliva i les polpes de taronja assajades poden ser incloses en la dieta amb canvis associats en l'excreció de nutrients que condueixen a modificacions en les emissions potencials d'amoníac i BMP dels purins. Quant als subproductes de la torta d'oliva, l'assaig de valor nutricional amb tortes d'oliva crues (COC) i parcialment desengreixades (PDOC) va mostrar que totes dues coques són fonts apreciables de fibra insoluble, però tenen un valor energètic limitat (11.2 i 7.4 MJ/kg MS per a COC i PDOC respectivament) i un baix valor com a font de proteïnes. En canvi, les polpes de taronja deshidratades (DOP) i ensitjada assecada al sol (ESDOP) assajades són una font d'energia rellevant (14.2 i 13.2 MJ/kg MS per a DOP i ESDOP respectivament) amb valor afegit a causa del seu contingut en fibra soluble. Pel que fa als assajos d'emissions in vitro, els subproductes assajats van generar una disminució en l'excreció de N en l'orina i, en el cas de la polpa d'oliva, un augment de l'excreció de matèria seca en femtes. L'emissió d'amoníac per kg de purí va disminuir amb la inclusió de torta d'oliva i polpa de taronja, mentre que el BMP per animal i dia es va veure negativament afectat per la inclusió de torta d'oliva obtenint un major BMP amb aquests subproductes. Quant als assajos de rendiments productius, la PDOC i la DOP poden incloure's en la dieta fins a 120 i 240 g/kg respectivament, sense efectes negatius en el cas de la PDOC i efectes menors per a la DOP sobre els rendiments productius, la composició corporal i la qualitat de la canal. La inclusió de PDOC i DOP no va afectar els recomptes microbians ni al volum, la composició i l'emissió global de gasos dels purins. A més, es van observar efectes beneficiosos sobre el greix subcutani amb la inclusió de PDOC, millorant la seua concentració en àcid oleic. La co-digestió anaeròbia de subproductes agrícoles i purins millora el BMP de la mescla de substrats en comparació amb la digestió única de purins. Es van obtenir majors valors de BMP amb l'addició dels substrats agrícoles, la qual cosa confirma el millor rendiment dels sistemes en co-digestió a nivells d'inclusió adequats. Les combinacions amb tomaca, pimentó i bresquilla al nivell d'inclusió 3 (50% de SV) van aconseguir el major BMP. Això va suposar un increment del BMP del 41% amb tomaca, 44% amb pimentó, 28% amb bresquilla i 12% amb caqui. Els substrats vegetals van mostrar un major contingut en lípids, proteïnes, lignina i cel·lulosa que els substrats de fruita., [EN] Nowadays the sustainability of the pig sector relies on its capability to respond to the increasing demands for livestock products that are arising from population growth, adapting to changes in the economic and policy contexts, and improving its environmental performance through the mitigation of its impact on climate. In this framework, the use of the agro-industrial by-products offers potential alternative raw materials for animal production with a lower associated environmental burden in the form of feedstuffs for livestock, source of bioactive compounds or raw materials useful in bioenergy production. This PhD thesis aims to evaluate the use of Mediterranean agro-industrial by-products as feed ingredients for pigs or co-substrates for biogas production. To fulfil these objectives, four trials were designed and conducted to evaluate the use of olive oil and orange juice industry by-products in swine nutrition, assessing its nutritional value and the consequences of its inclusion in the diet on animals' performance and health, final product quality traits and gas emissions associated to the pig slurry. Additionally, one more trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of four agricultural substrates (tomato, pepper, peach and kaki) on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) in anaerobic co-digestion with pig slurry, focusing on the type of substrate and its inclusion level on the final substrate's mixture. The results presented in this PhD Thesis from the nutritional value assays indicate that the olive cakes and orange pulps tested can be potentially included in pig diets with associated changes in urine and faeces nutrients excretion that leads to modifications in the potential ammonia and BMP emissions from slurries. Concerning olive cake by-products, the nutritional value assay designed to test the crude (COC) and partially defatted (PDOC) olive cakes showed that they are appreciable sources of insoluble fibre but have limited energy value (11.2 and 7.4 MJ/kg DM for COC and PDOC respectively) and a low value as protein source. On the contrary, the dehydrated (DOP) and ensiled sun-dried (ESDOP) orange pulps tested are a relevant energy source (14.2 and 13.2 MJ/kg DM for DOP and ESDOP respectively) with added value in terms of SF concentration. With respect to the in vitro potential ammonia and BMP emissions assays, the by-products tested led to a decreased N excretion in urine and, in the case of the OC, increased DM excretion in faeces. The ammonia emission per kg of slurry decreased with the inclusion of olive cake and orange pulp, whereas the BMP per animal and per day was negatively affected by the inclusion of olive cake obtaining higher BMP with these by-products. Regarding the performance assays, the PDOC and the DOP may be included in balanced pig diets at rates of up to 120 and 240 g/kg respectively, without negative effects in the case of PDOC and minor effects for DOC on growth performance, body composition and carcass quality traits. Contrary to what was expected, the inclusion of PDOC and DOP did not affect microbial counts nor excreta volume, composition and global gas emission from the slurry. Additionally, beneficial effects on subcutaneous fat were observed with the inclusion of PDOC, improving its oleic acid concentration. The anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural by-products and pig slurry improves the BMP from the mixture compared to only pig slurry anaerobic digestion. Higher BMP values were obtained with increasing addition of agricultural substrate, confirming the better performance of co-digestion systems at adequate inclusion levels. In fact, combinations with tomato, pepper and peach at inclusion level 3 (50% of VS) achieved the highest BMP. This resulted in an increase in BMP of 41% with tomato, 44% with pepper, 28% with peach and 12% with kaki. Vegetable substrates (pepper and tomato) showed higher lipid, protein, lignin and cellulose content than fruit substrates (kaki and peach).

This article aims to analyse the European pig sector and its transformations (e.g. vertical integration and phase specialization).In particular, we will both explore the specialization and territorial concentration of pig production, and the significant changes which have taken place in the trade among European Union countries. Using the network analysis (betweenness centrality, node strength and community detection) applied to Eurostat and fao datasets on production and trade in the period 2000-2016, we will show the emergence of national players and international connections that lead to a larger continental market. Finally, this evidence will be used in the discussion and conclusion to raise wider concerning the working of agrifoodvalue chains, in terms of social, economic and environmental sustainability, as well as regulation. This calls for more interdisciplinary analyses of value chains.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the spatial transformation in the Hungarian and Slovenian pig sectors at the level of local administrative units (LAU). Concentration and inequality measures were applied in the empirical analyses, along with Markov transition probability matrices, to examine the stability and/or mobility over time and the presence of clustering effects. Both countries experienced a rapid decline in pig population. This profound structural change has led to a smaller number of more concentrated pig farms and increased territorial concentration. The degree of farm and territorial concentration and inequality in Hungary has been much higher than in Slovenia, and the concentration gap between the countries has increased. Between 2000 and 2010, the degree of concentration was much higher in Hungary than in Slovenia, average herd size per holding increased by 68 percent in Hungary, and only seven percent in Slovenia. In Hungary, clustering effects were particularly significant, with the pig sector moving towards large-scale concentration. The former effect was also confirmed in the Slovenian pig sector, but significantly weakened during the period under investigation. The exploitation and policy management of spatial externalities justifies these agricultural, economic, and agri-environmental practices.

This article aims to analyse the European pig sector and its transformations (e.g. vertical integration and phase specialization). In particular, we will both explore the specialization and territorial concentration of pig production, and the significant changes which have taken place in the trade among European Union countries. Using the network analysis (betweenness centrality, node strength and community detection) applied to Eurostat and fao datasets on production and trade in the period 2000-2016, we will show the emergence of national players and international connections that lead to a larger continental market. Finally, this evidence will be used in the discussion and conclusion to raise wider concerning the working of agrifood value chains, in terms of social, economic and environmental sustainability, as well as regulation. This calls for more interdisciplinary analyses of value chains.

Computable General Equilibrium models are widely used in the literature to analyse the global effects of certain events with economic repercussions. The intensity of these events is usually justified, although somewhat vaguely. Based on the implementation of new technologies to certain production processes, we analyse the economic impacts of a replacement in the energy supply, from classical to renewable sources. In particular, this work focuses on the pig sector, due to its relatively high off-grid energy use, taking Aragon (Northern Spain) as a case study because of the significance of the sector in this region. A partial equilibrium approach to evaluate this replacement is first addressed. This partial analysis provides the intensity level of the impact of the change. On the basis of these data, the impact of the energy replacement is simulated using a Computable General Equilibrium model developed for the regional economy of Aragon. Findings show a slight increase in (pig) production and exports, and suggest the convenience of combining partial equilibrium analysis, which involves a mix of engineering and economic issues, to estimate the endogenous increase in efficiency, with general equilibrium models., The authors would like to express their gratitude for funding received from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation projects ECO2016-74940-P, and consolidated group S10 of the Government of Aragon, and FEDER Funds 2015, 2016 (Research Group ‘Growth, Demand and Natural Resources’).

Farmers' production behaviour is a key to ensuring the safety and quality of their final products, and cooperatives play an important role in shaping that behaviour. This paper aims to explore the determinants of pig farmers' safe production behaviour, giving special focus from the perspective of cooperatives' services. This study adopted cross sectional survey data from 27 pig cooperatives and their 540 farmers in China to test the influence of cooperatives' services on farmers' safe production behaviour. The hypotheses were tested using a logit regression model. The findings indicated that although the number of services is not a key determinant of farmers' safe production behaviour, service quality matters. When a cooperative is strongly capable of involving more farmers in certain services, and provides certain services in more frequency, member farmers behave more safely. The results also show that veterinarian and pig-selling services play an important role in ensuring farmers' safe production behaviour. For this study, the quality of cooperatives' services is implied to have a positive impact on farmers' safe production behaviour. Leaders/managers of cooperatives must try to improve the quality of their services instead of merely attempting to provide a large number of services. For government officials and policy makers, designing policies that encourage cooperatives to improve their service quality is important. This research contributes to the scant literature on how cooperative services could help farmers engage in safer production behaviour, which would improve the safety of pork products in the future.

A tanulmány célkitűzése a sertéstartó gazdaságok jövedelmezőségének vizsgálata. A kutatás során elemzés tárgyát képezték a különböző gazdasági formákban, nagyrégiókban, eltérő méretkategóriákban működő sertéstartók jövedelmezőségi különbségei. Megállapítást nyert, hogy a sertéstartás jelentős visszaesése elsősorban a sertéstartó egyéni gazdaságokat érintette. Hazánkban a sertéstartó kisgazdaságok száma jelentősen meghaladja a 150 számosállat feletti állatállományú nagygazdaságokét, azonban mind az átlagos területhasználatuk, mind az átlagos hízó- és kocalétszámuk elmarad attól. A területalapú támogatások következő üzleti évre átnyúló pénzügyi rendezése az egyéni gazdálkodó pénzügyi helyzetét nehezíti. A társas gazdaságok több nettó árbevételt képesek realizálni számosállatonként, magasabb üzemi költségek mellett gazdálkodnak, így számosállatra vetítve kevesebb adózás előtti eredményt realizálnak, mint az egyéni gazdaságok. Az egyéni gazdaságokban alacsonyabb a személyi jellegű ráfordítás, hiszen jelentős a nem fizetett munkaerő. A bevételarányos és a munkajövedelmezőség mutatója az egyéni gazdaságokban ért el magasabb értéket a vizsgált időszak alatt, amely az alacsony üzemi költségek következménye. A vizsgálataink során kimutattuk, hogy a 150 számosállat feletti állománnyal rendelkező gazdaságok magasabb felvásárlási árat, agrártámogatást és ezáltal nagyobb bevételt realizálnak, azonban az üzemi költségük is jelentős. Az alacsony üzemi költségek következtében a kisgazdaságok számosállatra vetített jövedelmezőségi mutatói ugyan jobbak, mint a nagygazdaságoké, de kis méretükből adódóan összjövedelmük jelentősen elmarad azoktól, kérdéses, hogy a termelékenység és a hatékonyság tekintetében képesek-e felvenni a versenyt. Kis takarmánytermő területük miatt jobban ki vannak szolgáltatva az ingadozó takarmányáraknak és nehezen tudják érvényesíteni jogaikat a kintlévőségük behajtása terén. Elemzéseink rávilágítottak arra, hogy a sertésállomány regionális elhelyezkedése jelentős különbséget mutat. A sertéstartás szempontjából az Alföld és Észak nagyrégió tekinthető a legjelentősebbnek. A vizsgált utolsó három évben mindkét régióban negatív a nettó kötelezettségek értéke, ami azt mutatja, hogy a gazdálkodók nem tudták eredményesen behajtani kintlévőségeiket, melynek egyik oka a feldolgozóiparban tapasztalható válsághelyzet. = The objective of the study is to analyse the profitability of pig farms. As the subject of the investigation, differences in the profitability of pig farms were surveyed in accordance with different business forms, large regions and size categories. The significant decline in pig breeding is due to the sharp decline in the number and production of individual pig farms. Small farms have been affected by the tightened domestic and international market potential, and low profitability to a greater extent. In Hungary, the number of small pig farms is much higher than large farms; however, their average land use and numbers of porkers and sows fall behind. The financial settlement of area-based subsidies in the following fiscal year makes the financial positions of individual farmers more difficult. Corporate farms are able to realise more net income per livestock unit, they have higher operating costs, thus they realise less pre-tax profit per livestock unit than individual farms. Individual farms have lower personnel expenses because they use a considerable amount of unpaid labour. The revenue-proportional and labour profitability indices reached higher values for individual farms in the period of the analysis, which is a consequence of low operating costs. We found that farms with a stock of over 150 animals can obtain higher purchase prices and agricultural subsidies, and thus higher income; however, their operating costs are also significant. Owing to their low operating costs, small farms have higher profitability indices per livestock unit than large farms, but - because of their small size - their total revenues are much lower. Thus it is doubtful whether they are able to compete for market positions with farms with high output capacity. Owing to their small forage production areas, they are more vulnerable to fluctuating feed prices. They have difficulties in enforcing their rights with respect to the collection of their receivables. Our analyses have revealed that there are significant differences in the regional locations of pig population. In terms of pig breeding, the large region of the Great Plain and Northern are the most significant. In the last three years studied, the net liabilities were negative in both regions, which shows that farmers were not able to recover their receivables efficiently, one reason of which is the crisis being experienced in the manufacturing industry. We see the possible solution in horizontal and vertical integration, but experience has shown that farmers are not always willing to do so due to a lack of confidence and interest.

International audience; This conference, given at the invitation of the Quebec Federation of Pig Breeders, deals with the economic situation of the European pig sector. It addresses four issues: the global pig economy and the place of the European Union; The pig sector at the EU aggregate level; The pig sector in the EU Member States; The pig sector in France. This involves highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the French pork industry in a context of increasing internationalization of markets.; Cette conférence, donnée à l’invitation de la Fédération des éleveurs de porcs du Québec, porte sur la situation économique du secteur porcin européen. Elle aborde successivement quatre points : L’économie porcine mondiale et la place de l’Union européenne ; le secteur porcin à l’échelle agrégée de l’UE ; le secteur porcin dans les Etats membres de l’UE ; le secteur porcin en France. Il s’agit notamment de mettre en évidence les forces et faiblesses de la filière porcine française dans un contexte d’internationalisation croissante des marchés.

TABLA DE CONTENIDO ÍNDICE DE TABLAS 1 TÍTULO DEL PROYECTO 2 JUSTIFICACIÓN Y DELIMITACIÓN DEL PROYECTO 2.1 JUSTIFICACIÓN 2.2 DELIMITACIÓN 3 OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 4 MARCO DE REFERENCIA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 4.1 AGUA RESIDUAL 4.2 TRATAMIENO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES 4.2.1 TRATAMIENTO PRELIMINAR 4.2.2 TRATAMIENTO PRIMARIO 4.2.3 TRATAMIENTO SECUNDARIO 4.2.4 TRATAMIENTO TERCIARIO 4.3 SECTOR PORCICULTOR 4.3.1 PURINES 5 MARCO CONCEPTUAL 6 MARCO LEGAL 7 MANUALES, GUÍAS TÉCNICAS Y OTROS 8 MARCO HISTÓRICO 8.1 CONTEXTO MUNDIAL 8.2 CONTEXTO NACIONAL 9 TIPO DE PROYECTO 10 DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO 11 RECURSOS 12 RESULTADOS Y ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 13 OTROS RESULTADOS 14 CONCLUSIONES 15 RECOMENDACIONES 16 REFERENCIAS 17 ANEXOS 17.1 RESULTADOS DE LABORATORIO EXTERNO 17.2 TABLA DE INFORMACIÓN EN CAMPO 17.3 INVENTARIO DE PORCICULTORES JURISDICCIÓN CAR Pregrado Tecnólogo en Desarrollo Ambiental Tecnología en Desarrollo Ambiental

Cette communication discute des effets de la réforme de la PAC de 2003 sur les exploitations françaises productrices des porcs. En utilisant plusieurs outils statistiques (recensement agricole, enquête structure, Réseau d’Information Comptable Agricole -RICA-), une analyse de la situation structurelle et économique des exploitations porcines françaises est d’abord réalisée selon plusieurs systèmes de production. Dans un second temps, une simulation des effets de la réforme de la PAC de 2003 est appliquée aux données du RICA de manière à évaluer le montant futur du paiement unique et à discuter des implications de la mise en oeuvre du découplage pour le secteur porcin. Compte tenu du faible poids des aides directes par rapport à la valeur de la production agricole, le découplage ne devrait pas jouer un rôle déterminant dans les stratégies des unités spécialisées en production porcine. Dans les systèmes mixtes « grandes cultures et porcs » ou « bovins-lait et porcs », le montant du paiement unique par exploitation sera non négligeable à l’horizon de 2007 et pourrait avoir des incidences sur les choix des agriculteurs. Dans les systèmes « bovins-viande et porcs », le maintien (en France) d’un couplage important sur certaines primes bovines devrait limiter les éventuelles réorientations., This paper discusses the impact of the CAP reform (2003) on French farms which produce pigs. By using several statistical tools (agricultural census, Farm Structure Survey, Farm Accountancy Data Network -FADN-), an analysis of the structural and economic French pig farms is first conducted according to several production systems. In a second stage, a simulation of the CAP reform is applied to FADN to assess the amount of the future single payment and to discuss the implications of single payment scheme. Due to the low weight of direct payments compared to the value of agricultural production, decoupling should not play a major role in the strategies of units specialized in pig production. In mixed systems "Crops and pigs" or "milk and pigs", the amount of the single payment will be significant in 2007 and could affect the choices of farmers. In systems "beef and pigs," the impact should be limited because some important beef subsidies are maintained coupled.