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The aim of this study was to report on the anatomical and functional results of surgical management of seven cases of endophthalmitis related to a single day of intravitreal aflibercept injections. Patients with signs of endophthalmitis who underwent aflibercept injections (seven eyes) performed on the same day were retrospectively evaluated. The data of visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) within nine months of the follow-up and the treatment and results of microbiological cultures are reported. Four of the total seven cases had a positive bacterial culture outcome (Streptococcus mitis). All patients underwent vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification when the eyes were not pseudophakic, vancomycin infusion, and silicone oil tamponade within 24 h, additionally, systemic antibiotics were administered intravenously. The final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after the treatment was finger counting or light perception in all cases, and all eyes were saved with disruption of the inner retinal layers and stabilization of the retina in regard to changes related to the wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although the retinal anatomy was mostly preserved, most of the patients affected by Streptococcus mitis-induced endophthalmitis did not regain baseline vision after the therapy.

In the healthy organism, there is a constant balance between the formation and neutralization of free radicals. Oxidative stress is a result of free radicals’ production and naturalization imbalance, in favor of the free radicals’ high concentration. Literature suggests the existence of the relationship between decreased intraocular antioxidant capacity and ocular diseases. Retina and the photoreceptors in particularl, are susceptible to oxygen deficiency due to their great oxygen consumption. The aim of this review was to describe the relationship between oxidative stress and the most common vitreoretinal disorders. The authors focused on four ocular diseases such as vitreous degeneration, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. It was widely proven that high oxidative stress damages retina by the acceleration of photoreceptors and ganglion cells apoptosis. Available data suggesting that substances scavenging oxidative stress may be effective in slowing down the progression of these degenerative ocular diseases. However, the effects of antioxidants treatment are ambiguous, successful results of experimental studies lead straight to clinical use in human in the future.

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant status in the vitreous body of eyes, which had been vitrectomized due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with or without proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), is higher than in eyes vitrectomized due to other retinal diseases. (2) Methods: four patient groups were analyzed: 22 eyes of patients with RRD without PVR, 27 eyes with RRD and PVR, 22 eyes with macular hole (MH) and 10 eyes with epiretinal membrane (ERM). Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the total antioxidant status (TAS) values as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the vitreous fluid samples. (3) Results: no significant differences in TAS values and antioxidant enzyme activities were observed among patient with RRD with and without PVR and with MH and ERM. The longer the duration of RRD leading to PVR and better postoperative visual acuity, the higher the TAS level. No significant differences were found between “macula on” and “macula off” subgroups within the RRD group and the RRD combined with PVR group. (4) Conclusions: The preliminary results do not support the thesis that the antioxidant status of vitrectomized eyes is different in patients with RRD with or without PVR in comparison to patients with MH and ERM. In patients with RRD, PVR presence and detached macula do not affect the values of TAS, SOD and GR in the vitreous fluid. The duration of the disease influences TAS in the vitreous in eyes with RRD complicated with PVR.

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in children. Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenital disease affecting newborns. The combination of the two diseases has never been reported before. In this article, we present a case of a male infant diagnosed with prune belly syndrome (PBS) at birth. Case report: Patient underwent many surgeries to manage the resulting consequences of PBS. At the age of 7 months, he presented with left eye leukocoria. He was examined and diagnosed with retinoblastoma. The eye was enucleated, and the diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically. This is the first case to be described in the literature of such an association to the best of our knowledge. Key words: prune belly syndrome; retinoblastoma; Eagle-Barrett syndrome

Nazzal Rashed Mustafa, Siedlecka Dagna, Pietras-Baczewska Agata, Nowomiejska Katarzyna, Rejdak Robert. Perfluorocarbon droplets in the anterior chamber – Case Report. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(7):367-371. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3346094 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/ The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.07.2019. Revised: 05.07.2019. Accepted: 23.07.2019. Perfluorocarbon droplets in the anterior chamber – Case Report Nazzal Rashed Mustafa1, Siedlecka Dagna1,2, Pietras-Baczewska Agata1, Nowomiejska Katarzyna1, Rejdak Robert1 1. Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. 2. Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. *Corresponding Author: Rashed Mustafa Nazzal Department : Ophthalmology Medical University Of Lublin 20-079 Lublin, ul. Chmielna 1, Lublin, Poland phone 0048690276143 E-mail: Rashednazzal@yahoo.com Abstract Perfluorocarbonated liquids (PFCL) are occasionally used in vitreoretinal surgery. In this article, we present a case of a young man who sustained a trauma to his eye resulting in a traumatic cataract and retinal detachment. He underwent combined cataract extraction, intraocular lens implantation and a vitrectomy for retinal detachment. Perfluorodecaline was used to stabilize the retina during the surgery. One day after surgery he was found to have many small bubbles of perfluorodecaline settling in the lower half of the anterior chamber. He was managed conservatively and followed up for a period of 1 year during which there were no sequel for the retained PFCL. Key words: perfluorocarbon liquids, perfluorodecaline, anterior chamber, vitrectomy, vitreoretinal surgery