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Soft and continuum robots are transforming medical interventions thanks to their flexibility, miniaturization, and multidirectional movement abilities. Although flexibility enables reaching targets in unstructured and dynamic environments, it also creates challenges for control, especially due to interactions with the anatomy. Thus, in recent years lots of efforts have been devoted for the development of shape reconstruction methods, with the advancement of different kinematic models, sensors, and imaging techniques. These methods can increase the performance of the control action as well as provide the tip position of robotic manipulators relative to the anatomy. Each method, however, has its advantages and disadvantages and can be worthwhile in different situations. For example, electromagnetic (EM) and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor-based shape reconstruction methods can be used in small-scale robots due to their advantages thanks to miniaturization, fast response, and high sensitivity. Yet, the problem of electromagnetic interference in the case of EM sensors, and poor response to high strains in the case of FBG sensors need to be considered. To help the reader make a suitable choice, this paper presents a review of recent progress on shape reconstruction methods, based on a systematic literature search, excluding pure kinematic models. Methods are classified into two categories. First, sensor-based techniques are presented that discuss the use of various sensors such as FBG, EM, and passive stretchable sensors for reconstructing the shape of the robots. Second, imaging-based methods are discussed that utilize images from different imaging systems such as fluoroscopy, endoscopy cameras, and ultrasound for the shape reconstruction process. The applicability, benefits, and limitations of each method are discussed. Finally, the paper draws some future promising directions for the enhancement of the shape reconstruction methods by discussing open questions and alternative methods.

Inuit living in the northern region of Nunavik continue to experience significant health inequalities, which are rooted in colonialism that still have repercussions on their health-related perceptions and practices, including vaccination. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and determinants of routine vaccination among the Inuit of Nunavik by describing factors influencing vaccination decisions from the perspective of community members and health professionals. Semi-structured interviews focusing on the perception of vaccination and experience with vaccination and health services were conducted with 18 Inuit and 11 non-Inuit health professionals. Using the socio-ecological model, factors acting at the community and public policy (e.g. rumours and misinformation about vaccination, language barrier), organisational (e.g. complexity of the vaccination process, staff turnover, lack of specialised vaccination workers and interpreters), and intrapersonal and interpersonal (e.g. past experiences with vaccination, vaccine attitudes, social norms) levels were identified as having an impact on vaccination decisions. Improving vaccination coverage in Nunavik requires a more global reflection on how to improve and culturally adapt the health care and services offered to the Inuit population.

Les forêts dans la région Grand Est représentent un enjeu économique et territorial considérable. Les dépérissements subis par ces forêts depuis 2018 ont décimé des milliers d’hectares et concernent la plupart des essences présentes, à commencer par l’Épicéa en plaine, très touché par les attaques de scolytes. Les conséquences pour la filière bois sont considérables, avec la récolte anticipée de millions de m3, l’engorgement des marchés et les difficultés pour valoriser un bois de qualité dépréciée. Des solutions d’urgence ont pu être trouvées pour faire face à la crise. Des pistes d’actions sont avancées pour prévenir d’autres crises, dont l’occurrence est prévisible avec les conséquences des changements climatiques. Messages clés La crise « scolytes » récente est liée à des conditions météorologiques exceptionnelles. Elle a provoqué des dépérissements inédits d’épicéas. Les conséquentes sur la filière bois sont très importantes.