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1. The Cent Fonts Aquifer: An Overlooked Subterranean Biodiversity Hotspot in a Stygobiont-Rich Region

Author

Vincent Prié, Cédric Alonso, Claude Bou, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, Pierre Marmonier, and Marie-José Dole-Olivier

Subjects
stygobiont, troglobiont, conservation, karst, subterranean diversity, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The South of France is a biodiversity hotspot within Europe. Here, we present a comprehensive review of surveys conducted in the Cent Fonts aquifer, an overlooked subterranean biodiversity hotspot embedded in a region rich in stygobiotic species and threatened by climate change and water abstraction projects. Key studies, spanning from 1950 to 2006, show a progression in survey methods and results, although troglobiotic species remain poorly documented. With 43 stygobiotic species recorded, the Cent Fonts is the richest stygobiont hotspot in France. Most species are regional endemics, a quarter of which are considered vulnerable by the IUCN. The Cent Fonts also hosts several relict species and is the type locality of four species. Such a high biological value clearly deserves to be preserved. Our analysis warns of a possible decline in biodiversity, as eight of the species recorded in the 20th century were absent from the 2006 survey, suggesting potential threats of unknown origin. The capture of the Cent Font springs for water abstraction is discussed as a potential threat to this ecosystem and its unique biodiversity. Three new species of stygobiotic molluscs are described, one of which was collected in the Cent Fonts.

Published
2024
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2. Effects of Climate and Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Early to Mid-Term Stage Litter Decomposition Across Biomes

Author

TaeOh Kwon, Hideaki Shibata, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Inger K. Schmidt, Klaus S. Larsen, Claus Beier, Björn Berg, Kris Verheyen, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Frank Hagedorn, Nico Eisenhauer, Ika Djukic, TeaComposition Network, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Jean Francois Lamarque, Adriano Caliman, Alain Paquette, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Amélie Saillard, Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández, Ana I. Sousa, Ana I. Lillebø, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Andrea Lamprecht, Andreas Bohner, André-Jean Francez, Andrey Malyshev, Andrijana Andrić, Angela Stanisci, Anita Zolles, Anna Avila, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Anne Probst, Annie Ouin, Anzar A. Khuroo, Arne Verstraeten, Artur Stefanski, Aurora Gaxiola, Bart Muys, Beatriz Gozalo, Bernd Ahrends, Bo Yang, Brigitta Erschbamer, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Casper T. Christiansen, Céline Meredieu, Cendrine Mony, Charles Nock, Chiao-Ping Wang, Christel Baum, Christian Rixen, Christine Delire, Christophe Piscart, Christopher Andrews, Corinna Rebmann, Cristina Branquinho, Dick Jan, Dirk Wundram, Dušanka Vujanović, E. Carol Adair, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Edward R. Crawford, Elena F. Tropina, Elisabeth Hornung, Elli Groner, Eric Lucot, Esperança Gacia, Esther Lévesque, Evanilde Benedito, Evgeny A. Davydov, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Fernando T. Maestre, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Florian Kitz, Florian Hofhansl, Flurin Sutter, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Franco Leadro Souza, Franz Zehetner, Fulgence Kouamé Koffi, Georg Wohlfahrt, Giacomo Certini, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Grizelle González, Guylaine Canut, Harald Pauli, Héctor A. Bahamonde, Heike Feldhaar, Heinke Jäger, Helena Cristina Serrano, Hélène Verheyden, Helge Bruelheide, Henning Meesenburg, Hermann Jungkunst, Hervé Jactel, Hiroko Kurokawa, Ian Yesilonis, Inara Melece, Inge van Halder, Inmaculada García Quirós, István Fekete, Ivika Ostonen, Jana Borovská, Javier Roales, Jawad Hasan Shoqeir, Jean-Christophe Lata, Jean-Luc Probst, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Jiri Dolezal, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Joël Merlet, John Loehr, Jonathan von Oppen, Jörg Löffler, José Luis Benito Alonso, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Josep Peñuelas, Joseph C. Morina, Juan Darío Quinde, Juan J. Jiménez, Juha M. Alatalo, Julia Seeber, Julia Kemppinen, Jutta Stadler, Kaie Kriiska, Karel Van den Meersche, Karibu Fukuzawa, Katalin Szlavecz, Katalin Juhos, Katarína Gerhátová, Kate Lajtha, Katie Jennings, Katja Tielbörger, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ken Green, Klaus Steinbauer, Laryssa Pazianoto, Laura Dienstbach, Laura Yahdjian, Laura J. Williams, Laurel Brigham, Lee Hanna, Liesbeth van den Brink, Lindsey Rustad, Lourdes Morillas, Luciana Silva Carneiro, Luciano Di Martino, Luis Villar, Luísa Alícida Fernandes Tavares, Madison Morley, Manuela Winkler, Marc Lebouvier, Marcello Tomaselli, Marcus Schaub, Maria Glushkova, Maria Guadalupe Almazan Torres, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Marijn Bauters, Marina Mazón, Mark Frenzel, Markus Wagner, Markus Didion, Maroof Hamid, Marta Lopes, Martha Apple, Martin Weih, Matej Mojses, Matteo Gualmini, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Michael Bierbaumer, Michael Danger, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Michal Růžek, Michel Isabellon, Michele Di Musciano, Michele Carbognani, Miglena Zhiyanski, Mihai Puşcaş, Milan Barna, Mioko Ataka, Miska Luoto, Mohammed H. Alsafaran, Nadia Barsoum, Naoko Tokuchi, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Nicolas Lecomte, Nina Filippova, Norbert Hölzel, Olga Ferlian, Oscar Romero, Osvaldo Pinto-Jr, Pablo Peri, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Peter Haase, Peter Macreadie, Peter B. Reich, Petr Petřík, Philippe Choler, Pierre Marmonier, Quentin Ponette, Rafael Dettogni Guariento, Rafaella Canessa, Ralf Kiese, Rebecca Hewitt, Robert Weigel, Róbert Kanka, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Romà Ogaya, Romain Georges, Rosario G. Gavilán, Sally Wittlinger, Sara Puijalon, Satoshi Suzuki, Schädler Martin, Schmidt Anja, Sébastien Gogo, Silvio Schueler, Simon Drollinger, Simone Mereu, Sonja Wipf, Stacey Trevathan-Tackett, Stefan Stoll, Stefan Löfgren, Stefan Trogisch, Steffen Seitz, Stephan Glatzel, Susanna Venn, Sylvie Dousset, Taiki Mori, Takanori Sato, Takuo Hishi, Tatsuro Nakaji, Theurillat Jean-Paul, Thierry Camboulive, Thomas Spiegelberger, Thomas Scholten, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Till Kleinebecker, Tomáš Rusňák, Tshililo Ramaswiela, Tsutom Hiura, Tsutomu Enoki, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Umberto Morra di Cella, Ute Hamer, Valentin Klaus, Valter Di Cecco, Vanessa Rego, Veronika Fontana, Veronika Piscová, Vincent Bretagnolle, Vincent Maire, Vinicius Farjalla, Vittoz Pascal, Wenjun Zhou, Wentao Luo, William Parker, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Yuji Kominami, Zsolt Kotroczó, and Zsolt Tóth

Subjects
tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, litter decomposition, carbon turnover, nitrogen deposition, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12-month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1–3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss. In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate.

Published
2021
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3. Contribution des zones d'échanges entre eau de surface et eau souterraine à la biodiversité des hydrosystèmes : exemple d'une rivière méditerranéenne, la Cèze

Author

Pierre Marmonier, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Hervé Chapuis, Jordan Re-Bahuaud, Anne Johannet, and Laurent Cadilhac

Subjects
Cèze, karst, springs, stygobite fauna, hyporheic zone, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract

In a close future, Mediterranean rivers will support strong disturbances due to climate changes, with inexorable consequences for their fauna. The invertebrate biodiversity of the Cèze River (South of France) was studied in a karstic area. The benthic layer (river bottom), the hyporheic layer (interface with the groundwater inside river sediment) and the lateral springs (interface with the karstic systems) were sampled in early summer. Only 11 % of the taxa were sampled simultaneously in the three habitats. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were more species rich in the benthic zone; Oligochaetes, crustaceans and Plecoptera in the hyporheic zone and Diptera in the lateral springs. Stygobite species lack in the benthic layer, they were more diversified in the springs and in the hyporheic zone. When all habitats are considered together, the total taxonomic richness is twice of the benthic one. The habitats located at the interface between river and groundwater thus must be included in the river biodiversity estimations.

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5. List of contributors

Author

Luc Aquilina, Maria Avramov, Maria Elina Bichuette, Lilijana Bizjak-Mali, Tyler E. Boggs, Špela Borko, Andrew J. Boulton, Anton Brancelj, John M. Buffington, David B. Carlini, Didier Casane, Murray Close, Steven Cooper, David C. Culver, Thibault Datry, Teo Delić, Tiziana Di Lorenzo, David Eme, Arnaud Faille, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, Lucas Fillinger, Cene Fišer, Žiga Fišer, Daniel W. Fong, Clémentine François, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, Christian Griebler, Joshua B. Gross, Hans Juergen Hahn, Kim M. Handley, Jennifer Hellal, Frédéric Hervant, Grant C. Hose, William F. Humphreys, William Humphreys, Sanda Iepure, William R. Jeffery, Catherine Joulian, Clemens Karwautz, Kathryn Korbel, Rok Kostanjšek, Daniel Kretschmer, Tristan Lefébure, Simon Linke, Erik Garcia Machado, Florian Malard, Stefano Mammola, Pierre Marmonier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Oana Teodora Moldovan, Matthew L. Niemiller, Tanja Pipan, Maxime Policarpo, Simona Prevorčnik, Meredith Protas, Ana Sofia P.S. Reboleira, Ana Sofia Reboleira, Robert Reinecke, Sylvie Rétaux, Anne Robertson, Mattia Saccò, Nathanaelle Saclier, Tobias Siemensmeyer, Kevin S. Simon, Laurent Simon, Cornelia Spengler, Heide Stein, Fabio Stoch, Christine Stumpp, Daniele Tonina, Jorge Torres-Paz, Peter Trontelj, Michael Venarsky, Ross Vander Vorste, Alexander Wachholz, Louise Weaver, Alexander Weigand, Masato Yoshizawa, Maja Zagmajster, and Valerija Zakšek

Published
2023

7. Drivers of Functional Diversity in the Hyporheic Zone of a Large River

Author

Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Diana M.P. Galassi, Michel Lafont, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Frederic Paran, Didier Graillot, Shishir Gaur, Pierre Marmonier, Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology [BHU Varanasi] (IIT BHU), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1- ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, and Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) - Department of Civil Engineering

Subjects
History, Environmental Engineering, Dams, Geomorphology, Hydrogeology, Hyporheos, River incision, Stygobites, Biodiversity, Hydrology, Water Movements, Groundwater, Rivers, Polymers and Plastics, stygobites, geomorphology, dams, Pollution, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, hydrogeology, river incision, Environmental Chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Business and International Management, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

International audience; The effects of regional (hydrogeology and geomorphology) and local (sediment and hydrology) characteristics on hyporheic assemblages were studied along a 40-km reach of a large gravel-bed river. Hyporheic water and fauna were sampled at the upstream and downstream positions of 15 large gravel bars. The resulting 30 stations varied in their sediment grain size, stability and direction of river-aquifer exchanges. The study concludes that at the 40-km (sector) scale, the longitudinal distribution of hyporheic fauna was controlled by 1) the hydrogeology of the valley (i.e. gaining vs loosing sectors) that modifies abundance and taxonomic richness of stygobites 2) current channel morphometry of the river (i.e. shape and location of meanders), and 3) historical changes (i.e. river incision) which modify abundance and richness of assemblages. At the local scale, we found that surface grain size and stability of the sediment evaluated by visual observation were poor predictors of hyporheos composition. In contrast, the local hydrology (i.e. downwellings, upwellings, low vertical exchanges) explained a large part of the abundance, taxonomic richness and composition of the hyporheic assemblages. Stations with low vertical exchanges were found poorly colonized, while the upwelling zones were rich in stygobites and downwelling areas harbor abundant and species-rich temporary hyporheos. It was also observed that functional diversity was controlled by the same parameters, with high relative abundances of stygobites in upwelling zones and POM feeders in downwelling zones. The heterogeneity of hydrological patterns, with alternation of upwellings and downwellings may represent the optimal spatial structure for biodiversity conservation and resilience in rivers.

Published
2022

8. Does hydrological connectivity control functional characteristics of artificial wetland communities? Evidence from the Rhône River

Author

Maxine Thorel, Pierre Marmonier, Céline Bertrand, Cécile Claret, Stéphanie Fayolle, Maxime Logez, Jean-Michel Olivier, Benjamin Oursel, Antonin Vienney, Hervé Piegay, Evelyne Franquet, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Équipe 1 - Biodiversité et Adaptation dans les Hydrosystèmes (BAH), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
ZABR - OBSERVATOIRE OHM VALLEE DU RHONE, Ecology, Novel ecosystems, Benthic invertebrates, Phytoplankton, Microbial activities, Casier Girardon, Aquatic Science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

International audience; The importance of artificial wetlands for the biodiversity of the Rhône River floodplain was assessed at twelve stations along two sections of the river. The relative roles of the local characteristics of the wetlands (e.g. available nutrients, dissolved oxygen, sediment quality) and of their connectivity with the main channel were considered for three different groups of organisms (benthic micr obes, benthic invertebrates and phytoplankton communities). The functional characteristics of these organisms were determined through their enzymatic activities (for microbes) and biological traits (for invertebrates and phytoplankton). The predicted major role of connections between the wetlands and the river channel was confirmed for environmental characteristics (water and sediment) and benthic invertebrates. Connectivity appeared to be less of a driver of benthic microbial communities and phytoplankton, which were partly or mainly controlled by wetland geometry (water depth, light penetration, and resulting organic matter production). We conclude that connectivity with the river channel needs to be considered jointly with the geometry of wetlands to provide functional solutions when defining management and restoration plans.

Published
2022

9. Are hyporheic oligochaetes efficient indicators of hydrological exchanges in river bed sediment? A test in a semi‐natural and a regulated river

Author

Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Sylvain Dolédec, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Michel Lafont, Lara Konecny, Pierre Marmonier, Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 1 - Biodiversité et Adaptation dans les Hydrosystèmes (BAH), and Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, braided river, hyporheic zone, meandering river, Environmental Chemistry, Hyporheic zone, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, Invertebrate, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ecological indicator, Sediment, aquatic oligochaeta, 15. Life on land, invertebrates, biology.organism_classification, 020801 environmental engineering, Ecological indicator, Chaetogaster, Spatial ecology, Upwelling, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; River-groundwater exchanges are crucial for several ecological processes, but diffi- cult to localize. Hyporheic oligochaetes may represent efficient biological indicators of these exchanges, but hydrological disturbance may alter oligochaete distribution and blur the spatial patterns of river-groundwater exchanges. Oligochaete assem- blages were compared in the Drôme River, which is a semi-natural braided river with an unmodified discharge, and the Ain River, which has reduced sediment mobility and hydropeaking due to several upstream dams. In the semi-natural river, the oligo- chaete distribution was mostly controlled by the origin of the water: some stygoxene species (e.g., Chaetogaster spp. and Vejdovskyella intermedia) were restricted to or more abundant in downwellings, whereas a set of stygophiles (e.g., Stylodrilus sp. and Cernovitoviella sp.) and stygobites (e.g., Aberrantidrilus cuspis) were present or more abundant only in upwellings. Species living in fine sediment (e.g., Potamothrix sp. and Tubifex sp.) also occurred in upwellings due to their location at the border of the braided strip. Conversely, in the regulated river, oligochaete assemblages were abun- dant and diversified, with species living in fine sediment being dominant in the par- tially clogged stations. The spatial distribution of most species did not follow typical surface-hyporheic exchange patterns: most stygophiles (e.g., Proppapus volki and Mar- ionina argentea) and some stygobites (e.g., Haber turquini) were found in both upwell- ings and downwellings or even at stations without water exchanges (e.g., Rhyacodrilus balmensis). In rivers subjected to hydrological disturbance and hydropeaking, oligochaetes became poor indicators of river-groundwater exchanges.

Published
2020

10. Does spatial heterogeneity of hyporheic fauna vary similarly with natural and artificial changes in braided river width?

Author

Simon Navel, Pierre Marmonier, Didier Graillot, Lara Konecny-Dupré, Thierry Winiarski, Marie-José Dole Olivier, Frédéric Paran, Laurent Cadilhac, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Procédés pour l'Environnement et Géoressources (PEG-ENSMSE), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditérranée Corse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Fauna, Stygofauna, 010501 environmental sciences, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Environmental Chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 15. Life on land, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Spatial heterogeneity, Benthic zone, Alluvium, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Levee, Geology
Abstract

Heterogeneity of hyporheic fauna is associated with geomorphological features and related vertical water exchanges. Constrictions on river floodplain are known to induce groundwater inputs and increase stygobite fauna. Two floodplain constrictions were studied in a large braided river (the Drôme River): one linked to a natural process (valley narrowing), another to an artificial river regulation (early 20th embankment). Spatial distribution of hyporheic organisms were sampled upstream and downstream of the two constrained sections, at 9 stations, 3 positions (left and right sides, centre of the braided strip), 3 replication points and at a depth of 50 cm in the river sediment. The spatial heterogeneity in community composition was higher near the banks than at the centre of the braided strip, no matter the width of the strip. The artificial constriction induced a decrease in spatial heterogeneity of the benthic fraction of the hyporheic fauna, but no changes were detected for the stygofauna. The natural valley narrowing reduced width and thickness of the alluvium and induced an inflow of groundwater resulting in an increase in stygofauna abundance. Natural floodplain narrowing linked to geology thus control the distribution of stygobite species, while artificial constrictions only modify the spatial distribution of the benthic fraction of the hyporheic fauna.

Published
2019

11. Do thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing and direct hyporheic measurements (DHM) similarly detect river-groundwater exchanges? Study along a 40 km-section of the Ain River (France)

Author

Vincent Wawzyniak, Pierre Marmonier, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Hydrology, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, STREAMS, 010501 environmental sciences, Stream temperature Cold-water patches River geomorphic features Gravel-bar seeps Downwellings Upwellings, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Downwelling, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Hyporheic zone, Upwelling, Groundwater discharge, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Waste Management and Disposal, Surface water, Groundwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Water exchanges through the hyporheic zone are crucial to many ecological processes in streams. One major challenge for river managers is to find a practical method for localizing these exchanges using rapid data acquisition techniques. This work compares spatially continuous data, acquired by Thermal Infrared (TIR) techniques, with discrete data collected in surface water and in the hyporheic zone (DHM), at sites of expected water exchanges (gravel bars). Forty gravel bars, distributed along a 40 km-sector of the Ain River were sampled at upstream- and downstream-bar positions (80 sites) in order to reveal hyporheic exchanges. At each site, 4 physico-chemical parameters were measured at 0, −20 and –50 cm beneath the sediment surface. The field collections of TIR high-resolution images were conducted concomitantly, at low flow and high surface-water temperatures. Among the 80 sites selected for field measurements, 14 were identified as upwellings (groundwater inputs) and 66 as downwelling sites. From those 14 upwellings, 13 were also identified with TIR. The 44 additional sites identified with TIR corresponded to small-sized cold-water patches situated along the gravel bars or to groundwater discharge sites located between the bars (19 lateral seeps). Nevertheless, the DHM method documented on downwelling exchanges (infiltration of surface water), which were not captured by TIR images, and may represent hyporheic hotspots especially for benthic invertebrates. Along the studied sector of the Ain River, these downwelling zones were much more numerous than upwelling ones. Both methods in combination provide a rather complete picture of water exchange along rivers and are needed to evaluate the potential as refuges zones during critical dry periods.

Published
2019

12. Are surface water characteristics efficient to locate hyporheic biodiversity hotspots ?

Author

Laurent Cadilhac, A. Johannet, Adriano Mayer, Olivier Radakovitch, J. Re-Bahuaud, Pierre Marmonier, M. Creuzé des Châtelliers, H. Chapuis, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Didier Graillot, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), IMT Mines Alès - ERT (ERT), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Montpellier (UM), Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditérranée Corse, Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Eau, Ressources, Territoires (ERT - IMT Mines Alès), Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques Industriels et Naturels (LGEI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), and ANR-17-EURE-0018,H2O'LYON,School of Integrated Watershed Sciences(2017)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stygobite, Biodiversity, 010501 environmental sciences, Karstic aquifer, 01 natural sciences, Rivers, ZABR - SITE ATELIER RIVIÈRES CÉVENOLES, Water Movements, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Groundwater, Macro-invertebrates, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, 222Rn, Water, 15. Life on land, Karst, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Biodiversity hotspot, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Upwelling, France, ZABR, Surface water
Abstract

International audience; Location of river-groundwater exchange zones and biodiversity hotspot is essential for a river management plan,especially for Mediterranean karstic rivers. This location is often difficult and time-consuming when long riversectors are considered. We studied a 13 km-long sector of the Cèze River (Southern France) located in a karsticcanyon.We compared five indicators of river-groundwater exchanges: longitudinal profiles of temperature, electricalconductivity and 222Rn concentrations in the surface water of the river, chemical characteristics of thehyporheic water and hyporheic biodiversity. Upwelling zones occurred downstream of geomorphological heterogeneities(here at the tail of gravel bars). Surface water chemistry, especially electrical conductivity and222Rn concentrations, clearly traces large scale gaining sections, which were not associated to valley narrowingbut with lateral springs, suggesting a crucial role of the geological structuration of the karstic plateau ofMéjanne-le-Clap. Hyporheic water chemistry fits with the large-scale hydrological pattern, but with a high variabilitycorresponding to local heterogeneities. The stygobite fauna (obligate groundwater organisms) and benthicEPTC (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera) occurred preferentially in the gainingsections fed by groundwater, likely because of oligotrophicwater and cooler temperature. The spatial distributionof river-groundwater exchange zone and hyporheic biodiversity may be thus predicted using changes in surfacewater chemistry, especially for electrical conductivity and 222Rn concentrations.; zabr

Published
2020

13. Bottom-up processes control benthic macroinvertebrate communities and food web structure of fishless artificial wetlands

Author

Ross Vander Vorste, Laurent Simon, Damien Lemoine, Pierre Marmonier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Michel Lafont, Laurence Volatier, Mélissa Tenaille, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Urban Community of Lyon (Grand Lyon La Metropole) Veolia Water (Eau du Grand Lyon)French National Research Agency (ANR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Algae, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Functional feeding groups, Benthic food webs, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Trophic cascade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Detritus, Bacteria, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Invertebrates, Food web, Benthic biofilm, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Trophic relationships, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; In freshwater environments, the relative contributions of top-down and bottom-up effects on invertebrate communities in relation to productivity are largely ecosystem dependent. Artificial wetlands are increasingly developed to compensate for the loss of natural wetlands; however, their trophic processes remain poorly studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the respective contributions of bottom-up and top-down processes in structuring benthic food webs of three artificial wetlands with varying levels of benthic primary productivity. We found that phototrophic-based food webs in our artificial wetlands were controlled from the bottom-up by primary productivity and algal biomass developing at the water-sediment interface. No significant top-down control of herbivore species by invertebrate predators was detected even in the wetland with the highest productivity. Increased richness of invertebrate grazers and scrapers with benthic primary productivity and algal biomass might have dampened the trophic cascade from predators to primary producers. In contrast with the phototrophic-based food web, analyses performed on the detritus-based food web showed that deposit-feeder invertebrate abundance was not correlated with the quantity of organic matter in sediments, suggesting no bottom-up effect of sedimentary organic matter content on deposit-feeders. More surprisingly, deposit-feeders, especially aquatic oligochaetes, seemed to influence the detritus-based food webs by stimulating organic matter processing and bacterial growth through bioturbation. The present study highlights the occurrence of contrasting trophic processes between phototrophic-based and detritus-based food webs which can have implications on ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling and energy fluxes

Published
2020

14. Sustainability of gastropod introduction for ecological engineering solution in infiltration basins: feeding strategy of V. viviparus

Author

Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Jean-Bastien Gambonnet, Frédéric Hervant, Valerian Estragnat, Laurence Volatier, Pierre Marmonier, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, gastropod, ecological engineering, Aquatic Science, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, biofilm, Algae, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, algae, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Ecological engineering, physiological state, Infiltration (hydrology), Benthic zone, Sustainability, Environmental science, Trophic strategy, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Viviparus
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this study was to test the sustainability of ecological engineering solutions based on the introduction of the gastropod V. viviparus in infiltration basins designed for groundwater recharge and clogged by benthic biofilms. This sustainability depends on the ability of gastropods to deal with variations in trophic resources throughout seasonal changes and so their feeding strategy. It is expected from literature that V. viviparus is a generalist species, well-adapted for ecological engineering approaches. With this objective, laboratory and field experiments were developed to measure the ability of gastropods to maintain energy body stores under several food sources and seasons, in relation with their physiological state. Our results showed that V. viviparus was not a strict generalist: it tended to be more efficient to constitute energy reserves when feeding on algae under laboratory conditions and its energy stores were positively correlated with primary productivity of the benthic biofilm in the field. Despite this higher efficiency of V. viviparus to produce energy reserves from algal resources, the survival and the levels of energy reserves measured on the field, even when trophic conditions 2 were the harshest (low algal development), make this species a good candidate for ecological engineering approaches.

Published
2020

15. Développement de peuplements de moustiques (Diptera, Culicidae) dans des ouvrages de techniques alternatives de gestion des eaux pluviales

Author

M. Valdelfener, Y. Rozier, Elisabeth Sibeud, Laëtitia Bacot, G. Besnard, Pierre Marmonier, and Sylvie Barraud

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030231 tropical medicine, Ocean Engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

La gestion durable des eaux pluviales en ville conduit aujourd’hui au recours a des techniques alternatives au reseau d’assainissement traditionnel. Ces techniques ont de nombreux avantages (limitation des risques, plus-value paysagere…) mais aboutissent a la construction d’ouvrages pouvant parfois heberger des communautes faunistiques et floristiques diversifiees. Cette biodiversite n’est pas toujours souhaitee et peut generer des conflits entre habitants et gestionnaires de l’eau. Nous avons etudie les peuplements de moustiques presents dans deux toitures vegetalisees, 15 bassins de retention et/ou d’infiltration, sept noues et 20 avaloirs (avec piege a sediments) sur le territoire de la Metropole de Lyon. Ces ouvrages ont ete echantillonnes de mai a novembre 2016. Aucun moustique n’a ete detecte dans les toitures vegetalisees, aucune eau n’a pu etre echantillonnee sur les noues et quatre especes non vectrices de pathogenes ont ete trouvees dans les bassins de retention et/ou infiltration : Culex pipiens (79,6% des individus collectes), Culiseta longiareolata (15,4%), Culex hortensis hortensis (3,9%) et Anopheles maculipennis sensu lato (1,1%) avec une frequence croissante de mai a juillet (90% des habitats en eau sont colonises sur la periode) et decroissante jusqu’en novembre (20% des habitats). Les ouvrages ou l’eau est drainee correctement ne presentent pas de gites larvaires significatifs. En revanche, des moustiques apparaissent des le mois de mai dans les dispositifs retenant l’eau (comme les bacs de decantation). Les avaloirs avec piege a sediments sont colonises par trois especes : Culex pipiens (80,3% des individus collectes), Culiseta longiareolata (8,7%) et Aedes albopictus (le moustique tigre, vecteur viral potentiel, 11%). Les techniques alternatives de gestion des eaux pluviales, lorsqu’elles sont bien concues (pente, vidange complete en 24h) et entretenues ne presentent donc pas de risque de proliferation de moustiques.

Published
2018

16. Functional classification of artificial alluvial ponds driven by connectivity with the river: Consequences for restoration

Author

Céline Bertrand, Evelyne Franquet, Stéphanie Fayolle, Sophie Guillon, Jean-Michel Olivier, Hervé Piégay, Maxine Thorel, Benjamin Oursel, B. Räpple, Cécile Claret, Pierre Marmonier, Nicolas Flipo, Antonin Vienney, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Processus de Transfert et d'Echanges dans l'Environnement - EA 3819 (PROTEE), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux (EHF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Ecosystèmes Souterrains, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010/11-LABX-0010,LabEx DRIIHM,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Wetland, Artificial wetlands, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Dissolved oxygen, Rhone River, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Hydrology, geography, Connectivity, geography.geographical_feature_category, Aquatic ecosystem, Water bodies, OHM Vallee du Rhone, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, Macrophyte, Alluvial plain, Metabolism, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Alluvium, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eutrophication
Abstract

International audience; Chemical and biological functioning of artificial wetlands and lakes in alluvial plains is investigated based on the example of small artificial ponds located within dike fields along the Rhône River (France). The objective is to identify the diversity of metabolism in these artificial aquatic ecosystems and to propose a functional classification linked to the connectivity with the river. A comprehensive characterization of chemical and biological parameters in six shallow ponds was conducted, along with 4-month continuous monitoring of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration, both in the sub-surface and at depth. Metabolism intensity is quantified using the diel oxygen method. Multivariate analysis of chemical and biological characteristics is performed to identify the functional heterogeneity between the ponds, which is shown to be consistent with the intensity of primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). Some ponds are permanently connected to the river, like backwater, and are very turbid, because of suspended matter and the presence of phytoplankton. The oxyge-nation is limited to the surface layer with anoxia rapidly building up at the bottom due to an intense ER. Ponds that are rarely connected become eutrophic with large concentration of phytoplankton and large GPP and ER values. Anoxia and even denitrification occur close to the bottom sediment. Finally, in the ponds with intermediate degree of connection with the river, macrophytes grow in clear water with limited amount of phyto-plankton, resulting in a gradient of GPP and ER values, controlled by nutrient availability. Rehabilitation of various connection patterns with the river is thus crucial to maintain a functional diversity in large river alluvial plains.

Published
2019

17. Contribution of the surface water - groundwater interfaces to river biodiversity: example of a Mediterranean river, the Cèze River

Author

Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Anne Johannet, Hervé Chapuis, Jordan Ré-Bahuaud, Pierre Marmonier, Laurent Cadilhac, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR CNRS 5600 EVS-EMSE-Géosciences et Environnement F 42, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel (LGEI), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditérranée Corse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Phyllites, Palustrine limestone, Climate, Vignoble, springs, Carrières, Vineyard, 01 natural sciences, Encroûtement, hyporheic zone, zone hyporhéique, Geoheritage, Hydrologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hydrosystem, Calcaire palustre, Inondation, Vine, General Medicine, Biodiversity, Remote sensing, karst, Mineralogy, faune stygobie, Geohistory, Hydrosystème, Variabilité climatique, Overflow, Biodiversité, Géomorphologie, Epicontinental deposits, sources, Télédétection, Géopatrimoine, Quarries, lcsh:G1-922, Cèze, 010603 evolutionary biology, Flood, Calcaire lacustre, Géohistoire, stygobite fauna, Vigne, Urban flows, 14. Life underwater, Climate variability, lcsh:Physical geography, Ruissellements urbains, Vegetation, Invertebrate fauna, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climat, Débordement, Geomorphology, 15. Life on land, Végétation, Crust, 13. Climate action, Lacustrine limestone, Minéralogie, Dépôts épicontinentaux, Hydrology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, lcsh:GB3-5030, Faune invertébrée, lcsh:Geography (General)
Abstract

Selon de nombreuses prévisions, les rivières méditerranéennes devraient être soumises dans les années à venir à de fortes pressions environnementales liées aux changements climatiques, ce qui laisse entrevoir des conséquences certaines pour la faune qu'elles hébergent. Pour tenter de percevoir ces conséquences, la faune invertébrée de l'une de ces rivières, la Cèze, a été étudiée en période d'étiage. La biodiversité des assemblages de la Cèze a été estimée en tenant compte de l'hétérogénéité des échanges entre la rivière et sa nappe. Ainsi trois habitats ont été échantillonnés : le fond de la rivière (habitat benthique), la zone d'interface entre la rivière et l'aquifère poreux (zone hyporhéique) et celle d'interface avec l'aquifère karstique (sources). Les résultats montrent que la composition des assemblages d'espèces récoltées est différente dans les trois habitats, avec seulement 11 % de taxons communs. L'habitat benthique se révèle plus riche en Éphéméroptères et en Trichoptères, l'habitat hyporhéique en Oligochètes, Crustacés et Plécoptères, et les sources en Diptères. Les espèces stygobies (spécialisées à la vie en milieu souterrain) sont totalement absentes de l'habitat benthique, alors qu'elles sont bien représentées dans les sources et la zone hyporhéique. Les deux habitats situés à l'interface entre le cours d'eau et les systèmes souterrains produisent un enrichissement considérable de la biodiversité du cours d'eau, qui se traduit par un doublement du nombre de taxons par rapport à l'habitat benthique. Ce travail montre que l'intégration des zones situées à l'interface entre la rivière et les eaux souterraines est cruciale pour l'obtention d'une estimation aussi complète que possible de la biodiversité des hydrosystèmes. In a close future, Mediterranean rivers will support strong disturbances due to climate changes, with inexorable consequences for their fauna. The invertebrate biodiversity of the Cèze River (South of France) was studied in a karstic area. The benthic layer (river bottom), the hyporheic layer (interface with the groundwater inside river sediment) and the lateral springs (interface with the karstic systems) were sampled in early summer. Only 11 % of the taxa were sampled simultaneously in the three habitats. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were more species rich in the benthic zone; Oligochaetes, crustaceans and Plecoptera in the hyporheic zone and Diptera in the lateral springs. Stygobite species lack in the benthic layer, they were more diversified in the springs and in the hyporheic zone. When all habitats are considered together, the total taxonomic richness is twice of the benthic one. The habitats located at the interface between river and groundwater thus must be included in the river biodiversity estimations.

Published
2019

18. Clay beads as artificial trapping matrices for monitoring bacterial distribution among urban stormwater infiltration systems and their connected aquifers

Author

Benoit Cournoyer, Jérémy Voisin, Laurence Marjolet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Pierre Marmonier, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-16-CE32-0006 FROG, Lyon Metropole, French national research program for environmental and occupational health of Anses under the terms of project 'Iouqmer' EST 2016/1/120, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infiltration basins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Stormwater, Aquifer, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Environmental monitoring, Ecosystem, Groundwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bacteria, Community structure, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, General Medicine, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Infiltration (hydrology), Next generation sequencing (NGS), 13. Climate action, Biofilms, Environmental chemistry, Microbial biomass and activity, Metabarcoding, Clay, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface runoff
Abstract

International audience; Stormwater infiltration systems (SIS) have been developed to limit surface runoff and flooding in urban areas. The impacts of such practices on the ecological and biological quality of groundwater ecosystems remain poorly studied due to the lack of efficient methodologies to assess microbiological quality of aquifers. In the present study, a monitoring method based on the incubation of artificial matrices (clay beads) is presented to evaluate microbial biomass, microbial activities, and bacterial community structure. Four microbial variables (biomass, dehydrogenase and hydrolytic activities, bacterial community structures) were measured on clay beads incubated in three urban water types (stormwater surface runoffs, SIS-impacted and non-impacted groundwaters) for six SIS. Analyses based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of partial rrs (16S rRNA) PCR products (V5-V6) were used to compare bacterial community structures of biofilms on clay beads after 10days of incubation with those of waters collected from the same sampling points at three occasions. Biofilm biomass and activities on clay beads were indicative of nutrient transfers from surface to SIS-impacted groundwaters. Biofilms allowed impacts of SIS on groundwater bacterial community structures to be determined. Although bacterial communities on clay beads did not perfectly match those of waters, clay beads captured the most abundant bacterial taxa. They also captured bacterial taxa that were not detected in waters collected at three occasions during the incubation, demonstrating the integrative character of this approach. Monitoring biofilms on clay beads also allowed the tracking of bacterial genera containing species representing health concerns.

Published
2019

19. Relative effects of elevational and habitat constraints on alpine spring biodiversity

Author

Pierre Marmonier, Cécile Claret, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fauna, Alp Mountains, Biodiversity, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecotone, Landscape, Groundwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Land-cover, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Species richness, Species traits, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Global climatic changes and local disturbances may alter composition and distribution of spring invertebrates in mountains. In this study, we compared the effects of elevation, landscape and local characteristics on spring biodiversity. At 16 springs (from 570 to 1650 m a.s.l.) in The Chartreuse Range (French Alps) benthic, vegetation, and interstitial habitats were sampled in summer for aquatic invertebrate assemblage structure (abundances, richness, reproduction and dispersal traits, functional feeding groups). Assemblages were related to geographic location (elevation), landscape characteristics and local variables. Elevation was the major driver of the fauna: taxonomic richness and the percentage of scrapers decreased with elevation, while the proportion of predators and species with an asexual reproduction increased with elevation. The landscape characteristics around the spring had a weak influence on the benthic taxonomic richness which increased with the percentage of forest and decreased with the proportion of grassland. Finally, the habitat characteristics had no effect on taxonomic richness, but partially control the abundances of benthic assemblages and sediment-feeder organisms that both decreased with increasing sediment grain size. Current and future changes in the temperature patterns would affect alpine spring fauna, but disturbance of the local characteristics of springs must not be neglected.

Published
2019

20. Do Sustainable Drainage Systems favour mosquito proliferation in cities compared to stormwater networks ?

Author

Laëtitia Bacot, Elisabeth Sibeud, Y. Perrin, F. Jourdain, Sylvie Barraud, M. Valdelfener, Pierre Marmonier, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Eau, Métropole Grand Lyon, Groupe de Recherche Rhône Alpes sur les Infrastructures et l'Eau (GRAIE), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN))

Subjects
green roof, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Geography, Planning and Development, Green roof, Stormwater, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, retention and infiltration basin, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Best management practices (BMPs), Drainage, Environmental planning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

With the recent emergence of dangerous mosquito species in cities, Sustainable Drainage Systems used to manage stormwater are sometimes suspected to favour their development. In the metropolis of Lyon, the density of mosquitoes were studied in 15 retention, detention and/or infiltration sites, two green roofs, seven swales and 20 gully pots in traditional sewer networks. None of the swales retained water long enough to be sampled. No larvae were detected in the green roofs. Four classical species were found in the retention/detention basins (Culex pipiens, Culex hortensis, Anopheles maculipennis sl and Culiseta longiareolata). They appeared in May, mainly in the artificial habitats (e.g. concrete parts). Gully pots were colonized by Culex pipiens, Culiseta longiareolata during summer and by Aedes albopictus, 'tiger mosquito' in autumn. Vegetated systems where water was drained rapidly (i.e. green roofs, infiltration basins or swales) were not significant breeding sites compared to more artificial sites.

Published
2019

21. Croiser les disciplines et partager la connaissance produite dans un observatoire : élaboration d'une frise chrono-systémique pour l'OHM Vallée du Rhône

Author

Arnaud, F., Roux Michollet, D., Antonio, A., Barthelemy, C., Carrel, G., Comby, E., Durey, L., Franquet, E., Graillot, D., Grelot, F., Honegger, A., nicolas lamouroux, Lepage, H., Pierre Marmonier, Sylvie Morardet, Olivier, J. M., Piegay, H., Poirier, C., Radakovitch, O., Sivade, E., Wichroff, E., Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAIE LYON FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditérranée Corse, SHR FRA, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
TRAJECTOIRE GÉO-HISTORIQUE, FRISE CHRONO-SYSTÉMIQUE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, RHÔNE, INTERDISCIPLINARITÉ
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]GEUSI [ADD1_IRSTEA]Gestion intégrée de la ressource et des infrastructures; International audience; The Rhône Valley Human-Environment Observatory (OHM) studies hydrosystem dynamics and riverine societies along the French Rhône river course. Since 2010, data centralization and diffusion have been structured within a SDI (Spatial Data Infrastructure) which has strengthened the interactions between scientists and practitioners.; L'Observatoire Hommes-Milieux (OHM) Vallée du Rhône appréhende les dynamiques de l'hydrosystème et des sociétés riveraines sur l'ensemble du Rhône français. Depuis sa création en 2010, la mutualisation et la valorisation des données produites ont été structurées dans une Infrastructure de Données Spatio-temporelles (IDS), ce qui a renforcé les interactions avec les acteurs territoriaux.

Published
2018

22. Long-term stormwater quantity and quality analysis using continuous measurements in a French urban catchment

Author

Sylvie Barraud, Pierre Marmonier, Hélène Castebrunet, Siao Sun, Jean-Baptiste Aubin, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale (LGCIE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Rain, Stormwater, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trend analysis, Urban stormwater, Water Quality, Environmental monitoring, Water Movements, Time series, 020701 environmental engineering, Waste Management and Disposal, Uncertainty analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Hydrology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Ecological Modeling, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Pollution, 6. Clean water, TSS, Continuous measurement, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Measurement uncertainty, France, Seasons, Water quality, Surface runoff, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; The assessment of urban stormwater quantity and quality is important for evaluating and controlling the impact of the stormwater to natural water and environment. This study mainly addresses long-term evolution of stormwater quantity and quality in a French urban catchment using continuous measured data from 2004 to 2011. Storm event-based data series are obtained (716 rainfall events and 521 runoff events are available) from measured continuous time series. The Mann-Kendall test is applied to these event-based data series for trend detection. A lack of trend is found in rainfall and an increasing trend in runoff is detected. As a result, an increasing trend is present in the runoff coefficient, likely due to growing imperviousness of the catchment caused by urbanization. The event mean concentration of the total suspended solid (TSS) in stormwater does not present a trend, whereas the event load of TSS has an increasing tendency, which is attributed to the increasing event runoff volume. Uncertainty analysis suggests that the major uncertainty in trend detection results lies in uncertainty due to available data. A lack of events due to missing data leads to dramatically increased uncertainty in trend detection results. In contrast, measurement uncertainty in time series data plays a trivial role. The intra-event distribution of TSS is studied based on both M(V) curves and pollutant concentrations of absolute runoff volumes. The trend detection test reveals no significant change in intra-event distributions of TSS in the studied catchment.

Published
2015

23. Forces, failles et opportunités de la recherche française en écologie trophique

Author

Clémentine Fritch, Stanislas F. Dubois, Sébastien Lefebvre, Pierre Marmonier, Gérard Lacroix, Marie-Elodie Perga, Cédric Hubas, Cédric Gaucherel, Franck Jabot, Alexandre Bec, Michael Danger, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'ingénierie pour les systèmes complexes (UR LISC), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (IEES Paris), Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Scientific network, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Trans-ecosystem, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Population, General Medicine, Community, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Cleavage
Abstract

The French National Institute of Ecology and Environment (INEE) aims at fostering pluridisciplinarity in Environmental Science and, for that purpose, funds ex muros research groups (GDR) on thematic topics. Trophic ecology has been identified as a scientific field in ecology that would greatly benefit from such networking activity, as being profoundly scattered. This has motivated the seeding of a GDR, entitled “GRET”. The contours of the GRET's action, and its ability to fill these gaps within trophic ecology at the French national scale, will depend on the causes of this relative scattering. This study relied on a nationally broadcasted poll aiming at characterizing the field of trophic ecology in France. Amongst all the unique individuals that fulfilled the poll, over 300 belonged at least partly to the field of trophic ecology. The sample included all French public research institutes and career stages. Three main disruptions within the community of scientist in trophic ecology were identified. The first highlighted the lack of interfaces between microbial and trophic ecology. The second evidenced that research questions were strongly linked to single study fields or ecosystem type. Last, research activities are still quite restricted to the ecosystem boundaries. All three rupture points limit the conceptual and applied progression in the field of trophic ecology. Here we show that most of the disruptions within French Trophic Ecology are culturally inherited, rather than motivated by scientific reasons or justified by socio-economic stakes. Comparison with the current literature confirms that these disruptions are not necessarily typical of the French research landscape, but instead echo the general weaknesses of the international research in ecology. Thereby, communication and networking actions within and toward the community of trophic ecologists, as planned within the GRET's objectives, should contribute to fill these gaps, by reintegrating microbes within trophic concepts and setting the seeds for trans- and meta-ecosystemic research opportunities. Once the community of trophic ecologists is aware of the scientific benefit in pushing its boundaries forwards, turning words and good intentions into concrete research projects will depend on the opportunities to obtain research funding., La recherche française en écologie trophique montre des clivages thématiques et géographiques qui ont motivé la création d’un groupement de recherche dédié (GDR GRET), financé par l’Institut national d’écologie et d’environnement du CNRS et l’Inra. Les GDR sont des outils incitatifs visant justement à favoriser la pluridisciplinarité en écologie pour lisser ces hétérogénéités. Néanmoins, la capacité de telles initiatives à atteindre cet objectif dépend nécessairement des causes initiales de clivage. Nous présentons ici les résultats d’un sondage réalisé en 2016 à l’initiative du GRET afin de décrire la communauté française des chercheurs en écologie trophique, de quantifier et caractériser ces clivages et d’identifier leurs causes. Trois césures principales ont été détectées. La première porte sur le manque d’intégration des microbiologistes dans les concepts de l’écologie trophique : les microbes ont virtuellement disparu des concepts trophiques. Le second clivage découle du fait que l’écologie trophique reste une recherche de terrain, un domaine territorial dans lequel les questions de recherche sont intimement dépendantes de l’écosystème d’étude. Enfin, la recherche en écologie trophique est limitée par les frontières de l’écosystème même, avec peu de recherches aux interfaces ou connectant différents types d’écosystèmes. Ces clivages, s’ils limitent l’avancement de la recherche, sont davantage le fait d’héritages culturels que réellement d’enjeux socio-économiques ou de motivations scientifiques. Une comparaison avec la littérature confirme que ces clivages ne sont pas uniquement des particularités de la recherche française, mais font écho aux faiblesses à l’échelle internationale. En ce sens, des initiatives de communication et de mise en place de réseaux tel que le GRET peuvent efficacement contribuer à lisser ces hétérogénéités à l’échelle nationale, en mettant notamment en lumière le bénéfice scientifique à réintégrer les microbes dans les réseaux trophiques, mais également les outils, opportunités et enjeux à conduire des programmes trans- et méta-écosystémiques en écologie trophique. Transformer l’essai demandera néanmoins, à terme, que des programmes de recherches émergent de ce réseau, en dépit du goulet d’étranglement que constitue le financement de la recherche aujourd’hui en France.

Published
2018

24. Ecology-based evaluation of groundwater ecosystems under intensive agriculture: A combination of community analysis and sentinel exposure

Author

Maritxu Saplairoles, Diana M. P. Galassi, David Eme, Amy Ritter, Simon Blanchet, Nicole Baran, Pierre Marmonier, Christophe Piscart, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Sylvain Dolédec, Chafik Maazouzi, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PDR11MPY01, BRGM, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Stygobite, Sentinel species, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sentinel organisms, Abundance (ecology), Agricultural land, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Ecosystem health, Intensive farming, Ecology, Subterranean ecosystems, Herbicides, Triazines, 15. Life on land, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Crustaceans, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Species richness, Groundwater ecosystems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Groundwater
Abstract

International audience; Ecological criteria are needed for a comprehensive evaluation of groundwater ecosystem health by including biological components with the physical and chemical properties that are already required by European directives. Two methodological approaches to assess the ecological status of groundwater ecosystems were combined in two alluvial plains (the Ariege and Hers Rivers, southwestern France) varying in agriculture intensity (from grassland to crop rotation including maize and sunflower, and to maize monoculture). In the first approach, the composition of invertebrate assemblages (only obligate-groundwater crustaceans, i.e. stygobionts) sampled in 28 wells differing in their land use contexts was analysed. Abundance, species richness, and assemblage composition significantly changed with agricultural land use or urbanization around the wells. In the second approach, we tested an in situ exposure of sentinel organisms to quantify their response to the environmental pressures. The epigean and native amphipod species Gammarus cf. orinos was used as the sentinel species. Amphipods (30 individuals in each of 10 wells) were exposed for one week to the in situ conditions at two seasons with contrasted concentrations of pollutants. The Ecophysiological Index (EPI) synthetizing the survival rates and energetic storage decreased in wells with low oxygen and high nitrate concentrations, but only during the highest contamination period. Atrazine-related compounds negatively impacted sentinel health whatever the season. The combination of these two approaches may have major applications for orientating groundwater ecosystem management.

Published
2018

25. [Strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities of French research in trophic ecology]

Author

Marie-Élodie, Perga, Michael, Danger, Stanislas, Dubois, Clémentine, Fritch, Cédric, Gaucherel, Cedric, Hubas, Franck, Jabot, Gérard, Lacroix, Sébastien, Lefebvre, Pierre, Marmonier, and Alexandre, Bec

Subjects
Ecology, Research, Humans, France, Ecosystem
Abstract

The French National Institute of Ecology and Environment (INEE) aims at fostering pluridisciplinarity in Environmental Science and, for that purpose, funds ex muros research groups (GDR) on thematic topics. Trophic ecology has been identified as a scientific field in ecology that would greatly benefit from such networking activity, as being profoundly scattered. This has motivated the seeding of a GDR, entitled "GRET". The contours of the GRET's action, and its ability to fill these gaps within trophic ecology at the French national scale, will depend on the causes of this relative scattering. This study relied on a nationally broadcasted poll aiming at characterizing the field of trophic ecology in France. Amongst all the unique individuals that fulfilled the poll, over 300 belonged at least partly to the field of trophic ecology. The sample included all French public research institutes and career stages. Three main disruptions within the community of scientist in trophic ecology were identified. The first highlighted the lack of interfaces between microbial and trophic ecology. The second evidenced that research questions were strongly linked to single study fields or ecosystem type. Last, research activities are still quite restricted to the ecosystem boundaries. All three rupture points limit the conceptual and applied progression in the field of trophic ecology. Here we show that most of the disruptions within French Trophic Ecology are culturally inherited, rather than motivated by scientific reasons or justified by socio-economic stakes. Comparison with the current literature confirms that these disruptions are not necessarily typical of the French research landscape, but instead echo the general weaknesses of the international research in ecology. Thereby, communication and networking actions within and toward the community of trophic ecologists, as planned within the GRET's objectives, should contribute to fill these gaps, by reintegrating microbes within trophic concepts and setting the seeds for trans- and meta-ecosystemic research opportunities. Once the community of trophic ecologists is aware of the scientific benefit in pushing its boundaries forwards, turning words and good intentions into concrete research projects will depend on the opportunities to obtain research funding.

Published
2018

26. Influence of tubificid worms on sediment structure, benthic biofilm and fauna in wetlands: A field enclosure experiment

Author

Morgane Bouvarot, Yann Déjollat, Laurence Volatier, Damien Lemoine, Eric Maire, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Jérôme Adrien, Pierre Marmonier, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, Fauna, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, wetlands, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, water-filled porosity, microbial activities, parasitic diseases, bioturbation, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Invertebrate, Biomass (ecology), invertebrate interactions, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Sediment, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Bioturbation
Abstract

cited By 0; Article in Press; International audience; 1. Bioturbation activities of tubificid worms play a major role in nutrient cycling and microbial processes occurring at water–sediment interfaces of freshwater environments. Nevertheless, evidence of significant contributions of worms to ecosystem functioning largely arises from experiments performed at laboratory scales, because studies exploring the role of tubificid worms in the field are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to test the influence of tubificid worms on benthic habitat structure and functioning in field experiments. According to literature, we predicted that feeding activities of tubificid worms would increase the percentage of clay and silt particles, the bacterial growth and microbial activities in the top sediment layer.2. The experiment was performed at the water–sediment interface of a shallow wetland. Enclosures with and without addition of the tubificid worm Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were used to quantify the influences of tubificid worms on the sedimentary habitat (sediment grain size distribution, water‐filled porosity using microtomography), the biofilm (algal biomass, bacterial abundance, total organic carbon and total nitrogen, microbial enzymatic activity, photosynthetic activity and efficiency of the photosystem II) and the benthic fauna. Measures were performed before worm addition and at the end of the experiment.3. After 6 weeks, the proportion of fine sediment particles (

Published
2018

27. Socio-environmental implications of process-based restoration strategies in large rivers: should we remove novel ecosystems along the Rhône (France)?

Author

Bianca Räpple, Céline Bertrand, Maxine Thorel, Stéphanie Fayolle, Gabrielle Seignemartin, Benjamin Oursel, Alvaro Tena-Pagan, Jonh C Stella, Thierry Winiarski, Hervé Piégay, Evelyne Franquet, Charles-Robin Gruel, Dad Roux-Michollet, Fanny Arnaud, Jean-Philippe Bedell, Gwenaëlle Roux, Vincent Wawrzyniak, Carole Barthelemy, Pierre Marmonier, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAIE, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010/11-LABX-0010,LabEx DRIIHM,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydraulic engineering, Risk analysis, media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), 0208 environmental biotechnology, Interdisciplinary assessment, Rhône, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Novel ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Restoration ecology, Bank erosion, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, OHM Vallée du Rhône, River restoration, Groyne, Global and Planetary Change, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Riprap removal, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Conceptual model, business
Abstract

International audience; River restoration efforts require interdisciplinary approaches involving fluvial geomorphology, hydraulic engineering, ecology, sedimentology, chemistry, social geography, and sociology. We investigated the functioning of artificial structures called “Casiers Girardon” (groyne fields) in the Rhône River. We assessed potential benefits and risks linked to removing the Rhône groyne fields in a restoration context, with particular focus on the potential for increased bank erosion. Hydraulic, morphological, chemical, ecological, and social issues resulting from dismantlement were studied for terrestrialized and aquatic Casiers Girardon. Only 10% of Casiers Girardon have maintained their aquatic features, whereas most of the Casiers are terrestrialized. Our results help to confirm the effectiveness of restoration actions; however, they also indicate uncertainties and additional knowledge needs, especially in regard to potential incompatibilities between Casier restoration and conservation. Then, an interdisciplinary conceptual model was developed to identify interventions to be considered in Casiers Girardon, according to their terrestrialization rate and physiochemical characteristics (connectivity, amount of gravel vs. fine sediment, contamination level). This model synthetizes scientific results and expert judgment and provides management recommendations based on ecological and sociological expectations about the restoration of Casiers Girardon. The model highlights high heterogeneity in functioning and ecological potential between terrestrialized and aquatic Casiers. Dismantling of terrestrialized Casiers has strong potential to provide multiple benefits, whereas aquatic Casiers could be maintained as valuable backwaters. The managing guidelines for the Casiers Girardon of the Rhône River should be adapted according to local conditions, as well as expected benefits and needs, and conducted in co-ordination with all actors involved in and affected by the restoration.

Published
2018

28. Early stage litter decomposition across biomes

Author

Umberto Morra di Cella, Sean P. Charles, Matteo Gualmini, Naoko Tokuchi, Michael Mirtl, Marta Lobão Lopes, Takeshi Ise, Inmaculada García Quirós, Geovana Carreño-Rocabado, Arne Verstraeten, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Thomas Zechmeister, Jill Thompson, Norbert Hölzel, Maroof Hamid, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Taiki Mori, José Marcelo Domingues Torezan, Dana Polyanskaya, Peter Haase, Björn Berg, Angela Stanisci, Issaka Senou, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Markus Wagner, Adriano Caliman, Laurel M. Brigham, Alejandro Valdecantos, Céline Meredieu, Kalifa Coulibaly, Margarida Santos-Reis, Georg Wohlfahrt, Regin Rønn, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Weih, Bernd Ahrends, Kaie Kriiska, Anja Schmidt, Luciana S. Carneiro, Ana I. Lillebø, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Ana I. Sousa, Sonja Wipf, Chi-Ling Chen, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, Sue J. Milton, Ivan Mihal, Ika Djukic, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Peter Fleischer, Tatsuro Nakaji, Cendrine Mony, Sara Puijalon, Rafael D. Guariento, Rosa Isela Meneses, Mihai Pușcaș, Pablo Luis Peri, Flurin Sutter, Kate Lajtha, Peter B. Reich, Lindsey E. Rustad, María Guadalupe Almazán Torres, Laura Williams, George L. Vourlitis, Evanilde Benedito, Arely N. Palabral-Aguilera, Luis Villar, Stefanie Hoeber, Juan J. Jiménez, Esperança Gacia, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Takanori Sato, Eric Lucot, Osvaldo Borges Pinto, Artur Stefanski, Andrew R. Smith, Takuo Hishi, Rosario G. Gavilán, Till Kleinebecker, Julia Seeber, Gina Arena, Marcelo Sternberg, Mo Jiangming, Tsutom Hiura, Satoshi N. Suzuki, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Christine Delire, Francisco Cuesta, Bill Parker, Mark Frenzel, Franz Zehetner, Vincent Maire, Edward Crawford, Heinke Jäger, Nicolas Lecomte, Tanaka Kenta, Yuji Kominami, Joseph C. Morina, Paige E. Weber, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marc Lebouvier, Pascal Vittoz, Jónína Sigríður Þorláksdóttir, Anne Probst, David Fuentes Delgado, Laura Yahdjian, Johan Neirynck, Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele, Bernard Bosman, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Yury Rozhkov, Ute Hamer, Henning Meesenburg, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Steffen Seitz, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Jess K. Zimmerman, Hans Verbeeck, Thomas Scholten, Elena Preda, Thomas Spiegelberger, Romain Georges, Stefan Löfgren, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Pierre Marmonier, Juha M. Alatalo, Katalin Szlavecz, Ana Carolina Ruiz Fernández, Johannes M. H. Knops, Rita Adrian, Vanessa Mendes Rêgo, Jean-Christophe Lata, Rafaella Canessa, Kathrin Käppeler, Andrea Fischer, Michael Bierbaumer, Jiří Doležal, Hideaki Shibata, Marcus Schaub, Zsolt Toth, Diyaa Radeideh, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Robert Kanka, William H. McDowell, Birgit Sattler, Jean-Luc Probst, Mioko Ataka, Katarína Gerhátová, Jawad Shoqeir, Stefan Stoll, Michael Danger, Sébastien Gogo, Katja Tielbörger, Laryssa Helena Ribeiro Pazianoto, Bo Yang, Franco L. Souza, John Loehr, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Michael J. Liddell, Sylvie Dousset, Dirk Wundram, Ralf Kiese, Yalin Hu, Miglena Zhiyanski, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Katie A. Jennings, Tsutomu Enoki, Helena Cristina Serrano, Quentin Ponette, Helge Bruelheide, Simon Drollinger, Vincent Bretagnolle, Ivika Ostonen, Lambiénou Yé, Javier Roales, Philippe Choler, Madison Morley, Charles A. Nock, Grizelle González, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Cristina Branquinho, Hugo López Rosas, Nina V. Filippova, Erzsébet Hornung, Anzar A. Khuroo, Lourdes Morillas, Harald Auge, Andreas Bohner, Florian Kitz, Stephan Glatzel, Aurora Gaxiola, Marijn Bauters, Stefan Trogisch, Guylaine Canut, Oscar Romero, Hélène Verheyden, Yulia Zaika, Veronika Piscová, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Valentin H. Klaus, Elena Tropina, Michele Di Musciano, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Florian Hofhansl, Wenjun Zhou, Corinna Rebmann, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Zsolt Kotroczó, Evy Ampoorter, Michal Růžek, Jana Borovská, Jianwu Tang, Petr Petřík, Juan Dario Quinde, Simone Mereu, Esther Lévesque, Olga Ferlian, Veronika Fontana, Joël Merlet, Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, André-Jean Francez, Wentao Luo, Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Brigitta Erschbamer, Christopher Andrews, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Martin Schädler, Luciano Di Martino, Verena Busch, Elli Groner, Victoria Carbonell, Michinari Matsushita, Maria Glushkova, Sarah Freda, Alain Paquette, Annie Ouin, Robert Weigel, Monique Carnol, Bohdan Juráni, Ian D. Yesilonis, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Hugo L. Rojas Villalobos, Alberto Humber, Martha Apple, Nico Eisenhauer, Claus Beier, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Hiroko Kurokawa, Nadia Barsoum, Thierry Camboulive, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Frank Berninger, Laura Dienstbach, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Inara Melece, Felipe Varela, Sally Wittlinger, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Marina Mazón, E. Carol Adair, Hanna Lee, István Fekete, Liesbeth van den Brink, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Ken Green, Heike Feldhaar, Jonathan von Oppen, Michele Carbognani, Lu Xiankai, Christophe Piscart, Fernando T. Maestre, Karibu Fukuzawa, Chiao-Ping Wang, Bart Muys, Lipeng Zhang, Harald Pauli, Inge van Halder, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Priscilla Muriel, Heather D. Alexander, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Victoria Ochoa, Casper T. Christiansen, Mohammed Alsafran, Thaisa Sala Michelan, Christel Baum, Amélie Saillard, Hervé Jactel, Markus Didion, Evgeny A. Davydov, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, Anna Avila, Andrijana Andrić, Kris Verheyen, Jörg Löffler, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Anikó Seres, Jutta Stadler, Milan Barna, Andrey V. Malyshev, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Joh R. Henschel, Peter I. Macreadie, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Information Engineering [Beijing] (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Rostock, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department Computational Hydrosystems [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département de chimie-biologie & Centre d’études nordiques [CANADA], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Area de Biodiversidad y Conservaciín, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Soil Research, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut du Développement rural (IDR), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie (CAP), Fondation Jean-Marcel Aubert, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou (CUP-D), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), USDA Forest Service, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Zurich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) - Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Canada Research in Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Department of Crop Production Ecology, University of Freiburg, Forest Research Institute- BAS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité (LADYBIO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipzig University, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Limnology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Bangor University, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory RIKEN (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), 730938, Biological Interactions Doctoral Programme, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, 2/0101/18, Scientific Grant Agency VEGA, 2190, Fundación Charles Darwin, UID/AMB/50017, Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro, ILTER Initiative Grant, ClimMani Short-Term Scientific Missions Grant, ES1308-231015-068365, Austrian Environment Agency, SFRH/BPD/107823/2015, Portuguese Foundation, DEB-1557009, NSF, UID/BIA/00329/2013, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), University of Helsinki, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Lisbon, Université de Leipzig, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Sassari, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Météo France (FRANCE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences - Department of Forest Soils, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science Politique Relations Internationales Territoire (SPIRIT), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Rostock [Germany], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Laboratoire de Comportement et d'Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Universidad de Puerto Rico, Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou, Université de Ouagadougou, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), LTSER Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Hokkaido University, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Djukic I., Kepfer-Rojas S., Schmidt I.K., Larsen K.S., Beier C., Berg B., Verheyen K., Caliman A., Paquette A., Gutierrez-Giron A., Humber A., Valdecantos A., Petraglia A., Alexander H., Augustaitis A., Saillard A., Fernandez A.C.R., Sousa A.I., Lillebo A.I., da Rocha Gripp A., Francez A.-J., Fischer A., Bohner A., Malyshev A., Andric A., Smith A., Stanisci A., Seres A., Schmidt A., Avila A., Probst A., Ouin A., Khuroo A.A., Verstraeten A., Palabral-Aguilera A.N., Stefanski A., Gaxiola A., Muys B., Bosman B., Ahrends B., Parker B., Sattler B., Yang B., Jurani B., Erschbamer B., Ortiz C.E.R., Christiansen C.T., Carol Adair E., Meredieu C., Mony C., Nock C.A., Chen C.-L., Wang C.-P., Baum C., Rixen C., Delire C., Piscart C., Andrews C., Rebmann C., Branquinho C., Polyanskaya D., Delgado D.F., Wundram D., Radeideh D., Ordonez-Regil E., Crawford E., Preda E., Tropina E., Groner E., Lucot E., Hornung E., Gacia E., Levesque E., Benedito E., Davydov E.A., Ampoorter E., Bolzan F.P., Varela F., Kristofel F., Maestre F.T., Maunoury-Danger F., Hofhansl F., Kitz F., Sutter F., Cuesta F., de Almeida Lobo F., de Souza F.L., Berninger F., Zehetner F., Wohlfahrt G., Vourlitis G., Carreno-Rocabado G., Arena G., Pinha G.D., Gonzalez G., Canut G., Lee H., Verbeeck H., Auge H., Pauli H., Nacro H.B., Bahamonde H.A., Feldhaar H., Jager H., Serrano H.C., Verheyden H., Bruelheide H., Meesenburg H., Jungkunst H., Jactel H., Shibata H., Kurokawa H., Rosas H.L., Rojas Villalobos H.L., Yesilonis I., Melece I., Van Halder I., Quiros I.G., Makelele I., Senou I., Fekete I., Mihal I., Ostonen I., Borovska J., Roales J., Shoqeir J., Lata J.-C., Theurillat J.-P., Probst J.-L., Zimmerman J., Vijayanathan J., Tang J., Thompson J., Dolezal J., Sanchez-Cabeza J.-A., Merlet J., Henschel J., Neirynck J., Knops J., Loehr J., von Oppen J., Thorlaksdottir J.S., Loffler J., Cardoso-Mohedano J.-G., Benito-Alonso J.-L., Torezan J.M., Morina J.C., Jimenez J.J., Quinde J.D., Alatalo J., Seeber J., Stadler J., Kriiska K., Coulibaly K., Fukuzawa K., Szlavecz K., Gerhatova K., Lajtha K., Kappeler K., Jennings K.A., Tielborger K., Hoshizaki K., Green K., Ye L., Pazianoto L.H.R., Dienstbach L., Williams L., Yahdjian L., Brigham L.M., van den Brink L., Rustad L., Zhang L., Morillas L., Xiankai L., Carneiro L.S., Di Martino L., Villar L., Bader M.Y., Morley M., Lebouvier M., Tomaselli M., Sternberg M., Schaub M., Santos-Reis M., Glushkova M., Torres M.G.A., Giroux M.-A., de Graaff M.-A., Pons M.-N., Bauters M., Mazon M., Frenzel M., Didion M., Wagner M., Hamid M., Lopes M.L., Apple M., Schadler M., Weih M., Gualmini M., Vadeboncoeur M.A., Bierbaumer M., Danger M., Liddell M., Mirtl M., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Ruzek M., Carbognani M., Di Musciano M., Matsushita M., Zhiyanski M., Puscas M., Barna M., Ataka M., Jiangming M., Alsafran M., Carnol M., Barsoum N., Tokuchi N., Eisenhauer N., Lecomte N., Filippova N., Holzel N., Ferlian O., Romero O., Pinto O.B., Peri P., Weber P., Vittoz P., Turtureanu P.D., Fleischer P., Macreadie P., Haase P., Reich P., Petrik P., Choler P., Marmonier P., Muriel P., Ponette Q., Guariento R.D., Canessa R., Kiese R., Hewitt R., Ronn R., Adrian R., Kanka R., Weigel R., Gatti R.C., Martins R.L., Georges R., Meneses R.I., Gavilan R.G., Dasgupta S., Wittlinger S., Puijalon S., Freda S., Suzuki S., Charles S., Gogo S., Drollinger S., Mereu S., Wipf S., Trevathan-Tackett S., Lofgren S., Stoll S., Trogisch S., Hoeber S., Seitz S., Glatzel S., Milton S.J., Dousset S., Mori T., Sato T., Ise T., Hishi T., Kenta T., Nakaji T., Michelan T.S., Camboulive T., Mozdzer T.J., Scholten T., Spiegelberger T., Zechmeister T., Kleinebecker T., Hiura T., Enoki T., Ursu T.-M., di Cella U.M., Hamer U., Klaus V.H., Rego V.M., Di Cecco V., Busch V., Fontana V., Piscova V., Carbonell V., Ochoa V., Bretagnolle V., Maire V., Farjalla V., Zhou W., Luo W., McDowell W.H., Hu Y., Utsumi Y., Kominami Y., Zaika Y., Rozhkov Y., Kotroczo Z., Toth Z., and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
DYNAMICS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Carbon turnover, 01 natural sciences, CARBON, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CLIMATE-CHANGE, биомы, Tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, Carbon turnover, TeaComposition initiative, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, TRAITS, Rooibos tea, IMPACTS, Environmental Engineering, почвенные процессы, chemistry.chemical_element, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Ingénierie de l'environnement, Green tea, Tea bag, TeaComposition initiative, Ecology and Environment, Atmosphere, подстилки, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, RATES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, оборот углерода, Science & Technology, Tea composition initiative, FEEDBACK, 15. Life on land, Decomposition, влияние климата, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, MODEL, экосистемы, chemistry, 13. Climate action, PATTERNS, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::577 Ökologie, Carbon, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and meta-analyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates (Rooibos and Green tea) for comparison of litter mass loss at 336 sites (ranging from -9 to +26 °C MAT and from 60 to 3113 mm MAP) across different ecosystems. In this study we tested the effect of climate (temperature and moisture), litter type and land-use on early stage decomposition (3 months) across nine biomes. We show that litter quality was the predominant controlling factor in early stage litter decomposition, which explained about 65% of the variability in litter decomposition at a global scale. The effect of climate, on the other hand, was not litter specific and explained

Published
2018

29. Can Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Be Used as Functional Indicators of Wetlands?

Author

Gudrun Bornette, Pierre Marmonier, Cécile Delolme, Charlotte Grasset, Célia Rodriguez, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions ( DEEP ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Wetland soils, Soil science, Wetland, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Total organic carbon, geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Soil organic matter, Plant community, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Nutrient content, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Landscape ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

This work aimed to determine whether the organic carbon in wetland soils correlated with physico-chemical characteristics of wetlands (e.g. nutrient content, pH) and differentiated wetlands accordi ...

Published
2017

30. Do benthic invertebrates use hyporheic refuges during streambed drying? A manipulative field experiment in nested hyporheic flowpaths

Author

D. Martin, Cécile Claret, Chafik Maazouzi, Bernard Cellot, Pierre Marmonier, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Diana M. P. Galassi, Frank Fiers, Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ) -Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ) -Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] ( UNIVAQ.IT ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), and Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, River ecosystem, Riffle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Context (language use), Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, nested flowpaths, hyporheic exchanges, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Hyporheic zone, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography, [ SDU.STU.GM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Baetis, Biota, geomorphology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, invertebrates, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, streambed drying, refuge, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The existence of resilience mechanisms related to a disturbance, such as invertebrate migrations into the hyporheic zone (HZ, saturated subsurface interstices), promotes persistence of benthic communities in river ecosystems. Water exchanges through the HZ, which influence the distribution of biota, are heterogeneous at different scales, determining nested hyporheic flowpaths. The effect of these nested exchanges on the use of the hyporheic refuges by benthic invertebrates is still unknown. We simulated streambed drying in a stream section where hydrological exchanges were considered at riffle (upstream or downstream of riffles) and floodplain (downstream end of a floodplain) scales. Physicochemical indicators determined that local hyporheic flowpaths (up-and downwelling zones) were nested in a large-scale downwelling section of the river. In this situation, the effect of 24 h of experimental drying on the distribution of invertebrates was examined at three sediment depths to follow their migrations into the HZ. Whereas invertebrate assemblages did not change in the control channel, abundance of benthic invertebrate increased in the HZ of the impact channel (up to seven-fold). Changes occurred rapidly (15-24 h) and only upstream of riffle where surface water down-welled. The migration was taxon-specific and concerned the most abundant benthic taxa that temporarily colonize the HZ (''temporary hyporheos,'' e.g., Leuctra cf. fusca, Baetis sp., Caenis sp., Orthocladiinae, Tanypodinae). In the context of climate change, hyporheic refuge use will promote persistence of communities facing the increasing frequency of extreme hydrological events. Improved knowledge about the distribution and function of these refuges is becoming crucial for river managers.

Published
2017

31. Links between sediment structures and ecological processes in the hyporheic zone: ground-penetrating radar as a non-invasive tool to detect subsurface biologically active zones

Author

Pierre Marmonier, Thierry Winiarski, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Arnaud Foulquier, and Anne Perrissin

Subjects
Hydrology, Water transport, Ecology, Cobble, Sediment, STREAMS, Aquatic Science, 6. Clean water, Ground-penetrating radar, Hyporheic zone, Surface water, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, Groundwater, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

At the scale of geomorphological units (riffles, pools, and gravel bars), the contribution of the hyporheic zone to the functioning of streams and rivers depends on the hydrological exchanges between surface water and groundwater. These exchanges are largely controlled by sediment structure and texture, which are difficult to assess with classical methods (shovelling and freeze coring). We aimed to evaluate the ability of a non-destructive method, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), to detect sediment structures associated with subsurface biologically active zones in a gravel-bed river. After GPR data acquisition and processing, a three-dimensional reconstruction of a gravel bar permitted the identification of two sediment facies: a cobble/gravel lithofacies denoted as ‘coarse’ and a sand/gravel lithofacies denoted as ‘fine’. We installed piezometers along two longitudinal profiles (each corresponding to a lithofacies identified by GPR) and monitored hydraulic head and temperature for 20 days. Water and sediments were sampled along the two profiles to measure water physicochemistry, sediment characteristics, bacterial abundance and activity, and interstitial invertebrate assemblages. These measurements confirmed that the two profiles were characterized by distinct hydrological flow rates and associated biological activities. Rapid water transport in the coarse profile fuelled the hyporheic zone with organic matter, whereas water and organic matter supplies were lower in the fine profile. Consequently, the higher supply of organic matter in the coarse profile was associated with higher microbial activities and invertebrate density and diversity. Therefore, GPR could be an efficient tool to detect the sediment features playing a key role in hyporheic zone functioning. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2014

32. Geographic variation in range size and beta diversity of groundwater crustaceans: insights from habitats with low thermal seasonality

Author

Florian Malard, Maja Zagmajster, Cene Fišer, Pierre Marmonier, Jean-François Cornu, Diana M. P. Galassi, Fabio Stoch, and David Eme

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Range (biology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Species distribution, Beta diversity, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Spatial heterogeneity, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, medicine, Nestedness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Aim Three broad mechanisms have been proposed to explain geographic variation in species range size: habitat area/heterogeneity, climate seasonality and long-term climate variability. However, it has proved difficult to disentangle their relative role, particularly as temperature seasonality often covaries with the amplitude of long-term temperature oscillations. Here, we shed new light onto this debate by providing the first continental-scale analysis of range size and beta diversity in groundwater habitats, where taxa are not exposed to latitudinal variation in temperature seasonality. Location Europe. Methods We compiled and mapped occurrence data for 1570 groundwater crustacean species. Generalized regression models were used to test for latitudinal variation in geographic range size and to assess the relative role of the three broad mechanisms in shaping present-day patterns of range size. We partitioned beta diversity into its spatial turnover and nestedness components and analysed their latitudinal variation across Europe. Results Median range size increases with latitude above 43° N and the range size of individual species is positively correlated to latitude, even after accounting for phylogenetic effects. Long-term temperature variability accounted for a substantially higher variation in median range size of groundwater crustaceans across Europe than precipitation seasonality and habitat heterogeneity, including aquifer area, elevation range, climatic rarity and productive energy. Spatial turnover contributes significantly more to beta diversity in southern regions characterized by stable historic climates than it does in northern Europe. Main conclusions Our findings add support to the historic climate hypothesis which suggests that patterns of increasing range size and decreasing species turnover at higher latitudes in the Palaearctic region are primarily driven by long-term temperature oscillations rather than by climatic seasonality and the availability and heterogeneity of habitats.

Published
2014

33. Assessing invertebrate assemblages in the subsurface zone of stream sediments (0-15 cm deep) using a hyporheic sampler

Author

Frank Fiers, Cécile Claret, Chafik Maazouzi, Bernard Cellot, Diana M. P. Galassi, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Dominique Philippe Martin, Pierre Marmonier, and Sylvie Mérigoux

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Hydrology, Riffle, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Large range, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Habitat, Benthic zone, Hyporheic zone, 14. Life underwater, Species richness, Groundwater, Water Science and Technology, Invertebrate
Abstract

[1] Quantitative comparisons between benthic and hyporheic invertebrate communities are crucial for understanding the biological functions of the hyporheic zone, such as storage, migrations, and exchanges of invertebrates with the surface stream. Such comparisons are still hampered by the use of different techniques adapted to each habitat (benthic versus hyporheic). This work combines two different techniques for sampling the upper layers of bed sediments (0–15 cm): the semiquantitative “Bou-Rouch” pump classically used to sample the hyporheic zone (>15 cm), and the quantitative Hess sampler commonly used to sample the benthic zone (≤15 cm), in order to evaluate the quantitative efficiency of the pump in this 0–15 cm zone. First, a Bou-Rouch sample (BR) was taken within the cylinder of a Hess inserted within the streambed, then a second sample (benthic complement, BC) was collected within the Hess after removing the pump, in order to catch all invertebrates not extracted with the pump. The BR samples collected on average 14.5% of the total abundance and about 50% of the actual richness. The large range of variation indicates that the combination of the two techniques is not valid for a quantitative evaluation of benthic communities. Contrary to expectations, the pump did not collect more interstitial and groundwater invertebrates and no differences in faunal composition between upstream and downstream riffle positions were observed. Our results do not question the use of the BR technique under standard conditions i.e., when sampling the hyporheic zone, but underline how it is crucial to know its quantitative limits.

Published
2014

34. Ecological assessment of groundwater trophic status by using artificial substrates to monitor biofilm growth and activity

Author

Antonin Vienney, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Arnaud Foulquier, Laurent Simon, Yannick Negrutiu, Simon Navel, Pierre Marmonier, Chafik Maazouzi, Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, General Decision Sciences, Aquifer, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Dissolved organic carbon, Dissolved organic matter, Microbial biofilms, 020701 environmental engineering, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, Nutrients, Groundwater recharge, Groundwater quality assessment, 6. Clean water, Aquifers, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Bioindicators, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bioindicator, Groundwater
Abstract

International audience; The European water legislation highlights the necessity of developing ecological criteria for assessing the quality of aquatic ecosystem. While a multitude of ecological indicators has been proposed and validated for streams, rivers and lakes, these indicators are not available for groundwater ecosystems. In the present study, we developed a method based on the measurements of the growth and activity of microorganisms developed on artificial substrates (glass beads) incubated in wells to characterize the trophic status of groundwater. Incubation sites were selected in an urban aquifer where previous works showed contrasting trophic conditions in groundwater due to artificial groundwater recharge practices. Total proteins, total carbohydrates, dehydrogenase and hydrolytic activities were measured on glass beads incubated in wells for two periods of 2 months (October-December 2010 and April-June 2011). Biofilm measured on glass beads was significantly more developed and active in wells where groundwater was enriched with dissolved organic matter due to artificial groundwater recharge. Indeed, most microbial variables (total proteins and dehydrogenase activities for the two incubation periods and hydrolytic activities for the second incubation period) were significantly and positively corre- lated with the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater. The availability of phosphorus also tended to influence biofilm growth (assessed by total carbohydrates) when PO43− con- centrations were lower than 50 ﰀg/l. Overall, our study clearly demonstrated that artificial substrates acting as colonisable area for microorganisms could be used to efficiently monitor nutrient enrichment in aquifers.

Published
2013

35. The combined effects of water level reduction and an increase in ammonia concentration on organic matter processing by key freshwater shredders in alluvial wetlands

Author

Sara Puijalon, Pierre Marmonier, Chafik Maazouzi, Christophe Piscart, Arnaud Dehedin, Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie Végétale et Zones Humides, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, feeding activity, Fresh Water, Wetland, macrophyte emersion, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gammarus pulex, Ammonia, Gammarus roeseli, Ergosterol, Aquatic plant, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Asellus aquaticus, Ecosystem, Organic matter, leaf litter breakdown, General Environmental Science, Abiotic component, chemistry.chemical_classification, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Feeding Behavior, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Invertebrates, 6. Clean water, Plant Leaves, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Wetlands, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glycogen
Abstract

International audience; In a global change context, the intensity and the frequency of drastic low flow periods or drought events will most likely increase to a substantial extent over the coming decades, leading to a modification in the abiotic characteristics of wetlands. This change in environmental parameters may induce severe shifts in plant and animal communities and the functioning of ecosystems. In this study, we experimentally estimated the effect of drought and the accumu- lation of ammonia (NH3) on the feeding activities of three generalist macroinvertebrates (i.e. Gammarus pulex, Gamma- rus roeselii and Asellus aquaticus) on three types of organic matter: leaves of Berula erecta growing in submerged conditions, leaves of the same species growing in emerged conditions and dead leaves of Alnus glutinosa. We observed a modification in the biomechanical and stoichiometric characteristics of the plants as a result of the emer- sion of the aquatic plants. This shift produced a substantial decrease in organic matter recycling by invertebrates and in their associated physiological ability (i.e. the energy stores of the animals) to face conditions associated with envi- ronmental change. Moreover, the accumulation of NH3 amplified the negative effect of emersion. This snowball effect on invertebrates may profoundly modify the functioning of ecosystems, particularly in terms of organic matter pro- duction/degradation and carbon mineralization.

Published
2012

36. Individual and joint toxicity of the herbicide S-metolachlor and a metabolite, deethylatrazine on aquatic crustaceans: Difference between ecological groups

Author

Chafik Maazouzi, Christophe Piscart, Charlotte Coureau, Pierre Marmonier, Maritxu Saplairoles, Nicole Baran, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adour-Garonne Water Agency, the European Union (FEDER) and BRGM., Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Amphipoda, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Fresh Water, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Risk Assessment, Aquatic toxicology, Lethal Dose 50, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gammarus, Crustacea, Acetamides, Metabolites, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Asellus aquaticus, Atrazine, Aquatic toxicity, Herbicides mixture, Groundwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Herbicides, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Surface water, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Acute toxicity, 020801 environmental engineering, Gammarus pulex, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Toxicity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Isopoda
Abstract

International audience; We studied the individual and joint acute toxicity of S-metolachlor (SMOC) and deethylatrazine (DEA - a metabolite of atrazine) on different non-target freshwater crustaceans. We used animals from different ecological groups: two amphipods from surface running water (Gammarus pulex and Gammarus cf. orinos), an isopod from surface stagnant water (Asellus aquaticus) and an amphipod living in groundwater (Niphargus rhenorhodanensis). Organisms were exposed to different levels of SMOC and DEA, alone or in binary mixture. Temperature effect on SMOC toxicity was assessed by exposing G. pulex and N. rhenorhodanensis to SMOC at 11 degrees C and 15 degrees C. Studying mortality as the biological endpoint, N. rhenorhodanensis was more resistant than surface water species towards SMOC and DEA. Among surface water species, G. pulex was the most sensitive while Gammarus cf. orinos and A. aquaticus showed similar responses to both compounds. Temperature increase did not change SMOC toxicity but modify the shape and steepness of the dose-response curve. We used a Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) approach to evaluate the predictability of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) models to mixture toxicity. Results indicated either an additive or an antagonistic or a synergistic interaction depending on the concentrations combination and the test species. Our finding conclusively show the suitability of CA and IA in predicting mixture toxicities but results should be interpreted with caution according to ecological group of exposed species in risk assessment procedures.

Published
2016

37. Effect of Aquatic Plant Patches on Flow and Sediment Characteristics: The Case of Callitriche platycarpa and Elodea nuttalli

Author

Loreta Cornacchia, Marc Philippe, Pierre Marmonier, Cécile Delolme, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Vanessa Gardette, Sofia Licci, Sara Puijalon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rowiński, Pawe\l and Marion, Andrea, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyon 1, Depot 2, and Rowiński, Pawe\l and Marion, Andrea

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Hydrology, River ecosystem, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Turbulence, Ecology, Flow (psychology), Sediment, Elodea nuttallii, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Plant morphology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Aquatic plant, Callitriche platycarpa, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In lotic ecosystems, submerged aquatic vegetation has important effects on hydrodynamic and sediment processes. These effects depend on plant morphology and patch structure. This study aimed to test the effect of 2 aquatic plant species on flow and sediment characteristics. For this purpose we measured under natural conditions 3D velocity profiles and sediment characteristics along the main axis of one patch of each species. The 2 species presented contrasting effects on velocity, turbulence profiles and sediment characteristics: one species had significant effects on hydrodynamics and accumulation of fine sediment also further downstream of the patch, whereas the second one accumulated very fine sediment mainly in the upstream half of the patch. These results emphasize the role of plant morphology on hydrodynamics and sediment physic-chemical characteristics.

Published
2016

38. New methods for the investigation of leaf litter breakdown in river sediments

Author

Pierre Marmonier, Christophe Piscart, Simon Navel, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Hydrology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Hyporheic zone, Field and laboratory experiments, Aquatic Science, Plant litter, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Organic matter recycling, Volume (thermodynamics), Benthic zone, Litter, Environmental science, Sediment characteristics, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface water, Plastic bag
Abstract

International audience; The breakdown rate of leaf litter buried inside river sediments (i.e., in the hyporheic zone) remains poorly known. The burial of large bags (15 9 15 cm) used in the benthic layer generates disturbances of the vertical connectivity with surface water, and thus affects the breakdown rate. We performed field and laboratory experiments to test the suitability of two leaf litter containers: small litter bags (5 9 4 cm) and perforated stainless steel cylin- ders (6 cm long, 1.6 cm in diameter), both introduced inside sediments using mobile mini-piezometers (1 m long, 1.7 cm or 3 cm in diameter). We compared the two containers for (i) the hydrological exchanges toward leaf litter, (ii) the impact of a benthic shredder on leaf breakdown, and (iii) the response of leaf litter breakdown to changes in sediment characteristics. The two methods give similar patterns of breakdown rates with stream sediment characteristics, but the use of perforated stainless steel cylinders provides an artifi- cial empty volume in which invertebrates can over degrade leaf litter. Small plastic bags do not alter physico-chemical conditions around leaf litter and give lower values of breakdown rates in the hyporheic zone.

Published
2012

39. Potential impact of invasive amphipods on leaf litter recycling in aquatic ecosystems

Author

Christophe Piscart, Pierre Marmonier, Chafik Maazouzi, Sylvie Mérigoux, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité des Écosystèmes Lotiques, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, Introduced species, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Dikerogammarus villosus, Invasive species, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Keystone species, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Gammarus tigrinus, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Organic matter recycling, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem functioning, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biological invasion
Abstract

International audience; The impact of biological invasions on local biodiversity is well established, but their impact on ecosystem functioning has only been sketchily documented. However, biological invasions may impede services provided by aquatic ecosystems, such as, for example, the decomposition of organic matter, a key process in most small streams. To address this question, we experimentally quantified the leaf litter breakdown activity of native and invasive amphipod species, which are keystone species in aquatic ecosystems. The breakdown rate of each species was used to estimate the potential leaf litter recycling in the Rhône and Meurthe Rivers in sites occupied solely by native species and sites dominated by invasive species. We found that invaders were not able to compensate for the activity of native species and that the replacement of native species led to a decrease of at least 66% in the rate of leaf litter recycling. Our approach provides empirical evidence of the functional impact of non-indigenous species on leaf litter recycling, using standard protocols and literature data.

Published
2011

40. Comparison of Different Techniques to Assess Surface and Subsurface Streambed Colmation with Fine Sediments

Author

Stephane Descloux, Michel Philippe, Pierre Marmonier, Thibault Datry, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EDF, Hydro Engineering Centre, Savoie Technolac, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Clogging, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Soil science, Biodiversity, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Invertebrates, 01 natural sciences, Coring, 6. Clean water, Hydraulic conductivity, Threshold effect, Aquatic environment, Environmental science, Vertical migration, Visual estimation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Methods commonly used to assess physical colmation are mainly based on observations of streambed surface. These methods have been widely used but remain relatively subjective because of the observer effect. Visual estimation, penetrometry, hydraulic conductivity and wooden stake methods were applied to assess colmation conditions on 9 reaches with the objective of comparing them with the direct measurement of fine sediment content in subsurface habitat using the freeze coring method. The results demonstrated that surface estimation efficiency in separating colmation level is relatively poor and cannot indicate the colmation pattern of the subsurface zone and thus could not be a good indicator of internal colmation. Among the different techniques used to estimate subsurface colmation, wooden stakes and penetrometry have presented inconstant results in assessing internal colmation. A high correlation between percentage of fine sediments from freeze coring and hydraulic conductivity (R(2) = 0.98) was found. Hydraulic conductivity was therefore identified as the most accurate and robust method. Thus, this method could be proposed for large scale and long term colmation monitoring programs.

Published
2010

41. Water–Sediment Exchanges Control Microbial Processes Associated with Leaf Litter Degradation in the Hyporheic Zone: a Microcosm Study

Author

Bernard Montuelle, Laurent Simon, Simon Navel, Eric Chauvet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Pierre Marmonier, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I - UCBL (FRANCE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l’environnement et l’agriculture - CEMAGREF (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Geologic Sediments, Control microbial processes, Water flow, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Fresh Water, woodland stream, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Hydraulic conductivity, aquatic fungi, particulate organic-matter, stream metabolism, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecology, Plant litter, 6. Clean water, bacterial abundance, Environmental chemistry, carbon flow, Microcosm, gravel-bed river, Soil Science, fine sediment, Biology, Water-sediment exchanges, parasitic diseases, biogeochemical processes, Hyporheic zone, Organic matter, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecologie, Environnement, Nitrates, Bacteria, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Water, Sediment, 15. Life on land, Oxygen, Plant Leaves, chemistry, 13. Climate action, ecosystem metabolism, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Leaf litter degradation, Surface water
Abstract

International audience; The present study aimed to experimentally quantify the influence of a reduction of surface sediment permeability on microbial characteristics and ecological processes (respiration and leaf litter decomposition) occurring in the hyporheic zone (i.e. the sedimentary interface between surface water and groundwater). The physical structure of the water-sediment interface was manipulated by adding a 2-cm layer of coarse sand (unclogged systems) or fine sand (clogged systems) at the sediment surface of slow filtration columns filled with a heterogeneous gravel/sand sedimentary matrix. The influence of clogging was quantified through measurements of hydraulic conductivity, water chemistry, microbial abundances and activities and associated processes (decomposition of alder leaf litter inserted at a depth of 9 cm in sediments, oxygen and nitrate consumption by microorganisms). Fine sand deposits drastically reduced hydraulic conductivity (by around 8-fold in comparison with unclogged systems topped by coarse sand) and associated water flow, leading to a sharp decrease in oxygen (reaching less than 1 mg L(-1) at 3 cm depth) and nitrate concentrations with depth in sediments. The shift from aerobic to anaerobic conditions in clogged systems favoured the establishment of denitrifying bacteria living on sediments. Analyses performed on buried leaf litter showed a reduction by 30% of organic matter decomposition in clogged systems in comparison with unclogged systems. This reduction was linked to a negative influence of clogging on the activities and abundances of leaf-associated microorganisms. Finally, our study clearly demonstrated that microbial processes involved in organic matter decomposition were dependent on hydraulic conductivity and oxygen availability in the hyporheic zone.

Published
2010

42. Effects of coexistence on habitat use and trophic ecology of interacting native and invasive amphipods

Author

Jaimie T. A. Dick, Pierre Marmonier, Christophe Piscart, Jean-Marc Roussel, and Guillaume Grosbois

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecological release, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, Introduced species, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Competition (biology), Gammarus pulex, Habitat, 14. Life underwater, Intraguild predation, media_common
Abstract

Summary 1. Invasive species in aquatic systems are major drivers of changes in biodiversity. Amphipods are key species in freshwaters, with invasive amphipods either replacing or coexisting with native species and often damaging local biodiversity. However, the consequences of interactions among native and invasive amphipods for their habitat use and feeding ecology and ecosystem function are not yet well understood. 2. We examined a number of streams in Brittany and Northern Ireland, with native and invasive amphipods, to evaluate the consequences of species interactions for both habitat use and diet. Our field studies centred on testing two proposed models: a cohabitation model without competition between two native species (Gammarus pulex vs Echinogammarus berilloni), and a competition model between an invasive and a native species (Gammarus pulex vs Gammarus duebeni celticus). For these three species, alone and in combination, we assessed their habitat use and feeding patterns, the latter through gut contents and stable C and N isotope analyses of their tissues. 3. When existing as single-species populations, all three species used stream habitats broadly similarly, although G. pulex was more strongly associated with leaf litter and vegetation compared to pebble substrata than the other species. When G. pulex coexisted with either E. berilloni or G. d. celticus, the latter two changed to using all habitats equally, whereas the former retained its habitat preferences. 4. Similarly, all three species when alone had similar gut contents, with inorganic material predominating, followed by leaf and woody material and more rarely algae and invertebrates. When G. pulex coexisted with E. berilloni, the diet of the latter did not change; however, the frequency of inorganic matter, leaves and wood declined in the gut contents of G. pulex. When G. pulex coexisted with G. d. celticus, the pattern of gut contents did not change in either species. 5. When existing as single-species populations, G. pulex had a broader range of isotopic signatures, both for δ13C and for δ15N, than the two other species, indicating a more variable diet among individuals. When G. pulex coexisted with either E. berilloni or G. d. celticus, the latter two had similar ranges of δ13C and δ15N, whereas for G. pulex the range was much less for δ13C and δ15N, suggesting a less diverse diet. 6. Our results infer two different modes of coexistence between native and non-native amphipods. We have shown that the native species, which coexist stably, appear to show interference competition, leading to spatial habitat segregation, whereas competition for food and possible intraguild predation by G. pulex on G. d. celticus would explain why the distribution and density of the latter is affected by G. pulex. However, since all the species have a similar diet and feeding habit, we expect no great overall effect on ecosystem processes as a consequence of species interactions and displacements.

Published
2010

43. Early stages of leaf decomposition are mediated by aquatic fungi in the hyporheic zone of woodland streams

Author

Didier Lambrigot, Pierre Marmonier, Eric Chauvet, Julien Cornut, and Arnaud Elger

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Detritivore, Sediment, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Plant litter, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, chemistry, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Hyporheic zone, Ecosystem, Organic matter
Abstract

SUMMARY 1. Leaf litter constitutes the major source of organic matter and energy in woodland stream ecosystems. A substantial part of leaf litter entering running waters may be buried in the streambed as a consequence of flooding and sediment movement. While decomposition of leaf litter in surface waters is relatively well understood, its fate when incorporated into river sediments, as well as the involvement of invertebrate and fungal decomposers in such conditions, remain poorly documented. 2. We tested experimentally the hypotheses that the small interstices of the sediment restrict the access of the largest shredders to buried organic matter without compromising that of aquatic hyphomycetes and that fungal decomposers in the hyporheic zone, at least partly, compensate for the role of invertebrate detritivores in the benthic zone. 3. Alder leaves were introduced in a stream either buried in the sediment (hyporheic), buried after 2 weeks of exposure at the sediment surface (benthic-hyporheic), or exposed at the sediment surface for the entire experiment (benthic). Leaf decomposition was markedly faster on the streambed surface than in the two other treatments (2.1- and 2.8-fold faster than in the benthic-hyporheic and hyporheic treatments, respectively). 4. Fungal assemblages were generally less diverse in the hyporheic habitat with a few species tending to be relatively favoured by such conditions. Both fungal biomass and sporulation rates were reduced in the hyporheic treatment, with the leaves subject to the benthic-hyporheic treatment exhibiting an intermediate pattern. The initial 2-week stage in the benthic habitat shaped the fungal assemblages, even for leaves later subjected to the hyporheic conditions. 5. The abundance and biomass of shredders drastically decreased with burial, except for Leuctra spp., which increased and was by far the most common leaf-associated taxon in the hyporheic zone. Leuctra spp. was one of the rare shredder taxa displaying morphological characteristics that increased performance within the limited space of sediment interstices. 6. The carbon budgets indicated that the relative contributions of the two main decomposers, shredders and fungi, varied considerably depending on the location within the streambed. While the shredder biomass represented almost 50% of the initial carbon transformed after 80 days in the benthic treatment, its contribution was

Published
2010

44. Hyporheic flowpaths and interstitial invertebrates associated with stable and eroded river sections: interactions between micro- and meso-scales

Author

Cécile Claret, Norbert Landon, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Hélène Luczyszyn, Pierre Marmonier, Hydrobiologie et Ecologie Souterraines, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux (EHF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Riffle, Aquifer, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, hyporheic zone, Hyporheic zone, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, Hydrology, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 030306 microbiology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, 15. Life on land, erosion, Substrate (marine biology), sediment, Erosion, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface water, river management, Groundwater
Abstract

International audience; Erosion of the river beds linked to human activities is currently a crucial issue. By inducing strong changes in river dynamics, this erosion alters many of the related ecological processes. The modification of the relationships between the river and its aquifer due to erosion is not really understood. The large scale consequences of erosion for the interactions between river and the underlying aquifer must be clarified, together with the small scale effects of river erosion on hyporheic flowpaths. The role of water exchange within the hyporheic zone on the distribution of interstitial invertebrates is universally recognized, but nothing is known on the potential links between riverbed erosion, the subsequent modification of water exchange at a local scale and their consequences on the distribution and biomass of hyporheic invertebrates. Two sections, stable versus eroded, were studied on the Herbasse, a third-order stream, by sampling hyporheic water and invertebrates at two depths within the substrate (−15 and −50 cm deep), upstream and downstream of ten riffles. Seven physical and chemical parameters were used to identify the hydrological flowpaths at both the riffle (up and downwelling areas) and the section scales (eroded vs stable) and to specify the level of nutrients in the hyporheic habitat. Significant differences were observed between the stable and eroded sections both in the vertical and longitudinal dimensions, with for example available oxygen decreasing with depth and along hyporheic flowpaths, and revealing more obvious differences in the eroded section gaining groundwater than in the stable section. Most of the hypogean organisms (Niphargus sp., Salentinella juberthiei, and Proasellus sp.) were most abundant at the deepest level, in the upwelling zones and the eroded section, while typical epigean taxa (Gammarus sp., Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera) were mostly present near the surface and in the stable section, suggesting that erosion processes may influence the development of hyporheic assemblages at riffle and reach scales.

Published
2010

45. Are amphipod invaders a threat to regional biodiversity?

Author

Christophe Piscart, Benjamin Bergerot, Pierre Marmonier, Pascal Laffaille, Hydrobiologie et Ecologie Souterraines, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux (EHF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservation des espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations (CERSP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité Fonctionnelle et Gestion des Territoires, Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, crustacean invasion, Drainage basin, Biodiversity, habitat, Introduced species, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Tributary, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, native and invasive species, 15. Life on land, species distributions, Habitat, Animal ecology, refuge, colonization process, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Channel (geography)
Abstract

International audience; The impact of invasions on local biodiver- sity is well established, but their impact on regional biodiversity has so far been only sketchily docu- mented. To address this question, we studied the impact at various observation scales (ranging from the microhabitat to the whole catchment) of successive arrivals of non-native amphipods on the amphipod assemblage of the Loire River basin in France. Amphipod assemblages were studied at 225 sites covering the whole Loire catchment. Non-native species were dominant at all sites in the main channel of the Loire River, but native species were still present at most of the sites. We found that the invaders have failed to colonize most of tributaries of the Loire River. At the regional scale, we found that since the invaders first arrived 25 years ago, the global amphipod diver- sity has increased by 33% (from 8 to 12 species) due to the arrival of non-native species. We discuss the possibility that the lack of any loss of biodiversity may be directly linked to the presence of refuges at the microhabitat scale in the Loire channel and in the tributaries, which invasive species have been unable to colonize. The restoration of river quality could increase the number of refuges for native species, thus reducing the impact of invaders.

Published
2009

46. Site prioritisation for the protection of rare subterranean species - the cases of two ostracods from south-western France

Author

Malvina Artheau, Pierre Marmonier, and Dan L. Danielopol

Subjects
Taxon, biology, Ecology, Ostracod, Natural heritage, Rare species, Biodiversity, Type locality, Aquatic Science, Endemism, biology.organism_classification, Limnocytheridae
Abstract

Summary 1. Delineation of protected areas for rare subterranean species is a key problem for groundwater biodiversity conservation, because of practical difficulties in implementation. Criteria for site selection are presented that are derived from studies on two remarkable Ostracoda, Dolekiella europaea Gido, Artheau, Colin, Danielopol & Marmonier (Limnocytheridae) and Vestalenula carveli Artheau (Darwinulidae) discovered in south-western France. 2. Arguments for natural heritage value and protection of subterranean species are proposed and illustrated by using information on these two ostracod species. The proposed criteria are: (i) local and/or regional endemism; (ii) known occurrence of the species at a few localities only; (iii) representativeness for ancient phylogenetic lineages with wider geographical distributions in the past; and (iv) suitability for scientific study because of unique morphological or biological traits. 3. It is also proposed to prioritise the protection of subsurface sites using the following criteria: (i) type locality for newly described species; (ii) presence of other rare stygobiotic taxa; and (iii) high population densities of the primary target species. 4. Development and implementation of protection strategies at local scale are likely to benefit from collaboration between scientists, policy makers and stakeholders. The measures taken should complement existing national and/or international attempts at large-scale protection of groundwater biodiversity.

Published
2009

47. Groundwater biodiversity in Europe

Author

Louis Deharveng, A. Bedos, Frank Fiers, M. Zagmajster, Patrick Martin, Anton Brancelj, Diana M. P. Galassi, Ana Camacho, G. Magniez, Fabio Stoch, Narcisse Giani, Pierre Marmonier, and Janine Gibert

Subjects
Stygobionts, Ecology, Rarity, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Introduced species, Aquatic Science, Biology, Taxon, Genus, Spatial ecology, Hotspots, Species richness, Endemism
Abstract

18 páginas, 7 figuras, 4 tables et al, 1. The spatial patterns of groundwater biodiversity in Europe remain poorly known, yet their knowledge is essential to understand local variation in groundwater assemblages and to develop sound conservation policies. We explore here the broad-scale distribution of groundwater biodiversity across Europe, focussing on obligate subterranean species. 2. We compiled published distributional data of obligate subterranean aquatic taxa for six European countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain), and conducted a detailed biological survey of six regions (one in Belgium, two in France, one in Italy, one in Slovenia and one in Spain). Based on this data set, we mapped spatial patterns of biodiversity in Europe on a cell grid with 0.2 · 0.2 resolution. 3. As of mid-2006, the total number of described stygobiotic species in the six countries was 930 and the total number of genera with at least one described stygobiotic species was 191. The total number of sampling sites where at least one stygobiont had been collected was 4709, distributed in 1228 of the 4668 grid cells covering the study area. 4. Groundwater stygobiotic biodiversity was dominated by Crustacea with 757 species in 122 genera. Insects were represented by only two species of a single genus of dytiscid beetles restricted to south-eastern France. 5. The geographic distribution of stygobionts was extremely heterogeneous. Stygobionts were recorded in 26% of the 4668 grid cells and only 33 cells had more than 20 stygobiotic species. These 33 ‘hot-cells’ of groundwater species richness clustered in seven hotspots. 6. Endemicity was very high, with 43% of the total number of stygobiotic species restricted to a single cell, i.e., This work was financially supported by the European project PASCALIS (Protocols for the Assessment and Conservation of Aquatic Life in the Subsurface) (no. EVK2-CT-2001-00121) under the EU 5th Framework Programme: global change, climate and biodiversity.

Published
2009

49. 15N-NITRATE SIGNATURE IN LOW-ORDER STREAMS: EFFECTS OF LAND COVER AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

Author

Stéphane Lefebvre, Pierre Marmonier, Patrick Durand, Gilles Pinay, Jean-Christophe Clément, and Claudine Thenail

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Watershed, Watershed area, Drainage basin, Land cover, STREAMS, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Rivers, Water Pollution, Chemical, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, 2. Zero hunger, geography, Nitrates, geography.geographical_feature_category, Nitrogen Isotopes, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Water, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, France, business, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Groundwater
Abstract

Many studies have shown that intensive agricultural practices significantly increase the nitrogen concentration of stream surface waters, but it remains difficult to identify, quantify, and differentiate between terrestrial and in-stream sources or sinks of nitrogen, and rates of transformation. In this study we used the delta15N-NO3 signature in a watershed dominated by agriculture as an integrating marker to trace (1) the effects of the land cover and agricultural practices on stream-water N concentration in the upstream area of the hydrographic network, (2) influence of the in-stream processes on the NO3-N loads at the reach scale (100 m and 1000 m long), and (3) changes in delta15N-NO3 signature with increasing stream order (from first to third order). This study suggests that land cover and fertilization practices were the major determinants of delta15N-NO3 signature in first-order streams. NO3-N loads and delta15N-NO3 signature increased with fertilization intensity. Small changes in delta15N-NO3 signature and minor inputs of groundwater were observed along both types of reaches, suggesting the NO3-N load was slightly influenced by in-stream processes. The variability of NO3-N concentrations and delta15N signature decreased with increasing stream order, and the delta15N signature was positively correlated with watershed areas devoted to crops, supporting a dominant effect of agriculture compared to the effect of in-stream N processing. Consequently, land cover and fertilization practices are integrated in the natural isotopic signal at the third-order stream scale. The GIS analysis of the land cover coupled with natural-abundance isotope signature (delta15N) represents a potential tool to evaluate the effects of agricultural practices in rural catchments and the consequences of future changes in management policies at the regional scale.

Published
2007

50. Multi-causality and spatial non-stationarity in the determinants of groundwater crustacean diversity in Europe

Author

Thierry Oberdorff, Fabio Stoch, Jean-François Cornu, Cene Fišer, Maja Zagmajster, Diana M. P. Galassi, Florian Malard, David Eme, Pierre Marmonier, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SubBioLab [Ljubljana, Slovénie], University of Ljubljana, University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), SubBioLab, Department of Biology, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mechanism (biology), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biodiversity, Regression analysis, Relative strength, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Spatial heterogeneity, Geography, 13. Climate action, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; The recognition of multi-causality and spatial non-stationarity in the determinants of large-scale biodiversity patterns requires to consider the role of multiple mechanisms, their interactions, and how these mechanisms vary in strength relative to each other across geographical space. Here, we challenge the view that historical climate stability primarily drives European patterns of groundwater crustacean diversity by testing also the role of spatial heterogeneity and productive energy. First, we predicted that the three mechanisms would be equally important at continental scale when analyzed separately, but that the importance of historical climate variability would weaken in joint analyses due to co-variation with the two other mechanisms. Second, we predicted that the three mechanisms would exhibit predictable latitudinal changes in their relative strength. To test these predictions, we selected predictors representing each mechanism and analyzed separately and jointly their effects and interactions using global regression models. We further mapped the independent and overlapping effects of mechanisms across Europe using partial geographically weighted regressions. When analyzed separately, the three mechanisms explained the same amount of variation in species richness, but in the joint analysis, the influence of historical climate stability became hidden in the variation shared with the other mechanisms. Topographic heterogeneity interacted synergistically with actual evapotranspiration and habitat heterogeneity on species richness. Spatial non-stationarity in the independent and overlapping effects of the three mechanisms was the most plausible expla- nation for the hump-shaped latitudinal pattern of crustacean species richness. Productive energy and spatial heterogeneity were important predictors at mid and southern latitudes, whereas historical climate stability overlapped with the two other mechanisms in northern Europe and productive energy in southern Europe. Multi-causality and spatial non-stationarity provide a broader perspective of groundwater biodiversity determinants that revives the importance of spatial heterogeneity and the strong dependence of subterranean communities on food supply from the surface.

Published
2015

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