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The sensory information from the skin of groin and antero-lateral genitals is delivered to the lateral and abdominal cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve to the ilio-inguinal nerve via its abdominal and anterior labial/scrotal branches, and eventually to the Lumbar plexus and the posterior roots of its spinal nerves. Each of those branches originates from a specific autonomous cutaneous territory and its surrounding area

The skin of the lateral surface of the thigh feeds its sensory impulses into the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh, while the genitofemoral nerve receives by its femoral branch similar impulses from the proximal anterior surface of the thigh and by its genital branch similar impulses from the proximal medial surface of the thigh. The middle third of the medial surface of thigh is sending its information over the small cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve. All impulses are relayed to the upper part of the lumbo-sacral plexus

The skin sensitivity of the thorax and of the anterior surface of abdomen is relayed to the intercostal and subcostal nerves that feed into the anterior branches of the thoracic nerves. The tactile sensitivity of the back is transmitted to the posterior branches of the thoracic nerves

In order to outline a hypoaesthetic territory, some basic material is needed: nylon filaments of different diameters (Semmes-Weinstein/von Frey) named aesthesiometers because they are used to objectify and measure the sense of touch. Four different aesthesiometers are theoretically enough to assess the different parts of the body with four different application forces: 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.4 g or 0.7 g.

The 3142 patients included in this research were recruited prospectively and consecutively from July 2, 2004 to August 21, 2019. They are patients experiencing chronic neuropathic pain referred to the Somatosensory Rehabilitation Centre. In order to study a group as homogeneous as possible, we restricted this topographical research to patients whose skin was accessible for accurate evaluation: they did not show hypersensitivity to touch, that is, they did not present mechanical allodyniaG.

Here, new rules of Latin anatomical nomenclature are proposed to deal with cases not covered by existing or other recommended rules. Determiners (e.g., numerals, letters, alphanumeric strings, and Latin names of Greek letters) should follow the noun they specify or limit, just as it is recommended that adjectives should follow the noun they modify. In general, Roman numerals, Latin letters, and Latin names of Greek letters are preferable to Arabic numerals and Greek letters in Latin anatomical terms. It is also noted that the word typus (type) appears to be superfluous and unnecessary in the Latin anatomical nomenclature. Clin. Anat. 30:700-702, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Information systems are increasing in importance in biomedical sciences and medical practice. The nomenclature rules of human anatomy were reviewed for adequacy with respect to modern needs. New rules are proposed here to ensure that each Latin term is uniquely associated with an anatomical entity, as short and simple as possible, and machine-interpretable. Observance of these recommendations will also benefit students and translators of the Latin terms into other languages. Clin. Anat. 30:300-302, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Here, new rules of Latin anatomical nomenclature are proposed to deal with cases not covered by existing or other recommended rules. Determiners (e.g., numerals, letters, alphanumeric strings, and Latin names of Greek letters) should follow the noun they specify or limit, just as it is recommended that adjectives should follow the noun they modify. In general, Roman numerals, Latin letters, and Latin names of Greek letters are preferable to Arabic numerals and Greek letters in Latin anatomical terms. It is also noted that the word typus (type) appears to be superfluous and unnecessary in the Latin anatomical nomenclature. Clin. Anat. 30:700-702, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Information systems are increasing in importance in biomedical sciences and medical practice. The nomenclature rules of human anatomy were reviewed for adequacy with respect to modern needs. New rules are proposed here to ensure that each Latin term is uniquely associated with an anatomical entity, as short and simple as possible, and machine-interpretable. Observance of these recommendations will also benefit students and translators of the Latin terms into other languages. Clin. Anat. 30:300-302, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Neurotropin, an inhibitor of the kallikrein-kinin system, was therapeutically i.p. administered to mice with brain inflammation induced by subarachnoidal injection of carrageenan. Brain water content was determined by the wet/dry weight ratio. The concentrations of cerebral Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, and Sr were measured by particle-induced X-ray emission. It was found that neurotropin dose dependently reduced brain water content. The mean concentration of cerebral calcium was significantly lower in the neurotropin-treated group than that in the non-treated group, suggesting less cell damage. Since it has been reported that dexamethasone and some prostaglandin inhibitors have no effect on brain swelling in this model and that, in contrast to these drugs, neurotropin has only a weak inhibiting activity on carrageenan-induced paw swelling, it is hypothesized that the kallikrein-kinin system is differently implicated in cerebral and peripheral inflammation.

De nombreuses hypothèses de maladies ont été faites pour expliquer l’aspect particulier d’Akhénaton dans ses représentations, sans tenir compte de l’importance des données stylistiques, historiques, anthropologiques et médicales qui, tour à tour, permettent de les contredire. La plus récente concerne la maladie de Marfan. Quelques indices laissent effectivement penser que le roi a pu être atteint d’hyperlaxité ligamentaire, une affection banale qui appartient à la symptomatologie de la maladie, mais qui existe aussi de manière isolée. Les auteurs ont également examiné les diverses hypothèses faites au sujet des têtes sculptées des princesses qui présentent un crâne allongé. Leur analyse a permis d’évaluer la complexité des formes allant de la stylisation à une personnalisation qui inclut un certain réalisme anatomique. À l’appui aussi d’indices présents dans les sculptures, les auteurs n’excluent pas la possibilité d’une pratique de déformation crânienne opérée sur les personnes ayant servi de modèle. Les auteurs ont tenu compte dans leur étude des éléments anthropologiques existants, dont les crânes de Smenkhkaré et Toutankhamon. Ils évoquent aussi le contexte idéologique et théologique qui a vu naître ces représentations. Several diseases were hypothetized to explain the uncommon aspect of Akhenaten in his artistic representations, without taking in consideration the stylistic, historical, anthropological and medical data, which, in turn, allowed to contradict them. The most recent of these hypotheses concerned the Marfan syndrome. There are indeed some indications that the king suffered from hyperlaxity of the ligaments, a symptom frequently encountered in the Marfan symptomatology, but also existing as an isolated form. The authors also examined the various hypotheses made about the elongated skulls present in the sculptured heads of the princesses. The shape complexity going from stylisation to personalisation including some degree of anatomical realism was analysed and evaluated. Based upon several marks present on the sculptures, the authors do not exclude the possibility of a deformation practice operated on the persons having served as models. They also take into account the anthropological elements available, including the skulls of Smenkhkare and Tutankhamun. They eventually mention the ideological and theological context surrounding these representations.

Up to now a rather large computing system was needed to perform a Wicksell's correction, enabling the deduction of the distribution of corpuscle sizes from the distribution of the sizes of their transected p3ofiles. This paper describes the possibility to perform the same correction on a minicomputer with a free-access memory of only 8 kilobytes. A considerable time-saving may be obtained still by linking the minicomputer to a digital planimeter.

Various iron salts solutions have been used to contrast blocks of renal tissue prior to their dehydration and embedment. Pure ferric ammonio-sulphate solutions give a strong contrast of the nuclear chromatin, of the mitochondria and of the basement membranes, but the electron microscopical appearance of the tissue is bad, because of the acidity of the solution. At higher pH, obtained in mixtures of ferric ammonio-sulphate and potassium sodium tartrate, the preservation is improved, the contrast of the chromatin, of the mitochondria and of the membranes decreases from a pH of 4.5. On the contrary, the cytoplasmic “matrix” becomes more electron-opaque and takes a granular appearance.