234 results on '"Pierce, R. Bradley"'
Search Results
2. Impacts of lake breeze meteorology on ozone gradient observations along Lake Michigan shorelines in Wisconsin
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Cleary, Patricia A., Dickens, Angela, McIlquham, Molly, Sanchez, Mario, Geib, Kyle, Hedberg, Caitlin, Hupy, Joe, Watson, Matt W., Fuoco, Marta, Olson, Erik R., Pierce, R. Bradley, Stanier, Charles, Long, Russell, Valin, Lukas, Conley, Stephen, and Smith, Mackenzie
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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3. Evaluation of WRF-Chem air quality forecasts during the AEROMMA and STAQS 2023 field campaigns.
- Author
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Acdan, Juanito Jerrold Mariano, Pierce, R. Bradley, Kuang, Shi, McKinney, Todd, Stevenson, Darby, Newchurch, Michael J., Pfister, Gabriele, Ma, Siqi, and Tong, Daniel
- Abstract
A real-time air quality forecasting system was developed using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to provide support for flight planning activities during the NOAA Atmospheric Emissions and Reactions Observed from Megacities to Marine Areas (AEROMMA) and NASA Synergistic TEMPO Air Quality Science (STAQS) 2023 field campaigns. The forecasting system operated on two separate domains centered on Chicago, IL, and New York City, NY, and provided 72-hour predictions of atmospheric composition, aerosols, and clouds. This study evaluates the Chicago-centered forecasting system’s 1-, 2-, and 3-day ozone (O3) forecast skill for Chiwaukee Prairie, WI, a rural area downwind of Chicago that often experiences high levels of O3 pollution. Comparisons to vertical O3 profiles collected by a Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) instrument revealed that forecast skill decreases as forecast lead time increases. When compared to surface measurements, the forecasting system tended to underestimate O3 concentrations on high O3 days and overestimate on low O3 days at Chiwaukee Prairie regardless of forecast lead time. Using July 25, 2023, as a case study, analyses show that the forecasts underestimated peak O3 levels at Chiwaukee Prairie during this regionwide bad air quality day. Wind speed and direction data indicates that this underestimation can partially be attributed to lake breeze simulation errors. Surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) measurements, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, and back trajectories from the NOAA Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model show that transported Canadian wildfire smoke impacted the Lake Michigan region on this day. Errors in the forecasted chemical composition and transport of the smoke plumes also contributed to underpredictions of O3 levels at Chiwaukee Prairie on July 25, 2023. The results of this work help identify improvements that can be made for future iterations of the WRF-Chem forecasting system.
Implications : Air quality forecasting is an important tool that can be used to inform the public about upcoming high pollution days so that individuals may plan accordingly to limit their exposure to health-damaging air pollutants. Forecasting also helps scientists make decisions about where to make observations during air quality field campaigns. A variety of observational datasets were used to evaluate the accuracy of an air quality forecasting system that was developed for NOAA and NASA field campaigns that occurred in the summer of 2023. These evaluations inform areas of improvement for future development of this air quality forecasting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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4. PM2.5 chemistry, organosulfates, and secondary organic aerosol during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study
- Author
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Hughes, Dagen D., Christiansen, Megan B., Milani, Alissa, Vermeuel, Michael P., Novak, Gordon A., Alwe, Hariprasad D., Dickens, Angela F., Pierce, R. Bradley, Millet, Dylan B., Bertram, Timothy H., Stanier, Charles O., and Stone, Elizabeth A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Observing low-altitude features in ozone concentrations in a shoreline environment via uncrewed aerial systems.
- Author
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Radtke, Josie K., Kies, Benjamin N., Mottishaw, Whitney A., Zeuli, Sydney M., Voon, Aidan T. H., Koerber, Kelly L., Petty, Grant W., Vermeuel, Michael P., Bertram, Timothy H., Desai, Ankur R., Hupy, Joseph P., Pierce, R. Bradley, Wagner, Timothy J., and Cleary, Patricia A.
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ATMOSPHERIC ozone ,ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer ,TROPOSPHERIC ozone ,OZONE ,NITROGEN oxides ,OZONE layer ,SHORELINES ,EARTH stations - Abstract
Ozone is a pollutant formed in the atmosphere by photochemical processes involving nitrogen oxides (NO x) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when exposed to sunlight. Tropospheric boundary layer ozone is regularly measured at ground stations and sampled infrequently through balloon, lidar, and crewed aircraft platforms, which have demonstrated characteristic patterns with altitude. Here, to better resolve vertical profiles of ozone within the atmospheric boundary layer, we developed and evaluated an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) platform for measuring ozone and meteorological parameters of temperature, pressure, and humidity. To evaluate this approach, a UAS was flown with a portable ozone monitor and a meteorological temperature and humidity sensor to compare to tall tower measurements in northern Wisconsin. In June 2020, as a part of the WiscoDISCO20 campaign, a DJI M600 hexacopter UAS was flown with the same sensors to measure Lake Michigan shoreline ozone concentrations. This latter UAS experiment revealed a low-altitude structure in ozone concentrations in a shoreline environment showing the highest ozone at altitudes from 20–100 m a.g.l. These first such measurements of low-altitude ozone via a UAS in the Great Lakes region revealed a very shallow layer of ozone-rich air lying above the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
6. Examining ENSO related variability in tropical tropospheric ozone in the RAQMS-Aura chemical reanalysis.
- Author
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Bruckner, Maggie, Pierce, R. Bradley, and Lenzen, Allen
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The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major driver of interannual variability in both tropical and mid-latitudes and has been found to have a strong impact on the distribution of tropospheric ozone in the tropical Pacific in satellite observational datasets, chemical transport models, and chemistry-climate simulations. Here we analyze interannual variability in tropical tropospheric ozone by applying composite analysis, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and multiple linear regression to the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) Aura chemical reanalysis. As shown in similar studies, the dominant mode of interannual variability in tropical tropospheric ozone is driven by ENSO. ENSO composites show that the ENSO signature in tropospheric ozone is strongest near the tropopause. We also show an enhancement in tropical ozone over the maritime continent below 700 hPa during El Niño that is dependent on the magnitude of the biomass burning emissions in the region. We reconstruct the ENSO variability in tropical tropospheric ozone through a multiple linear regression of principal components for precipitation and CO. The multiple linear regression quantifies that variability in biomass burning contributes to ENSO variability in tropical tropospheric ozone though the dominant driver is convection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Size-resolved aerosol at a Coastal Great Lakes Site: Impacts of new particle formation and lake spray.
- Author
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Christiansen, Megan B., Stanier, Charles O., Hughes, Dagen D., Stone, Elizabeth A., Pierce, R. Bradley, Oleson, Jacob J., and Elzey, Sherrie
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ATMOSPHERIC nucleation ,AEROSOL analysis ,AEROSOLS ,RADIOACTIVE aerosols ,LAKES ,GRANULAR flow ,AIR quality - Abstract
The quantification of aerosol size distributions is crucial for understanding the climate and health impacts of aerosols, validating models, and identifying aerosol sources. This work provides one of the first continuous measurements of aerosol size distribution from 1.02 to 8671 nm near the shore of Lake Michigan. The data were collected during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS 2017), a comprehensive air quality measurement campaign in May and June 2017. The time-resolved (2-min) size distribution are reported herein alongside meteorology, remotely sensed data, gravimetric filters, and gas-phase variables. Mean concentrations of key aerosol parameters include PM
2.5 (6.4 μg m-3 ), number from 1 to 3 nm (1.80x104 cm-3 ) and number greater than 3 nm (8x103 cm-3 ). During the field campaign, approximately half of days showed daytime ultrafine burst events, characterized by particle growth from sub 10 nm to 25–100 nm. A specific investigation of ultrafine lake spray aerosol was conducted due to enhanced ultrafine particles in onshore flows coupled with sustained wave breaking conditions during the campaign. Upon closer examination, the relationships between the size distribution, wind direction, wind speed, and wave height did not qualitatively support ultrafine particle production from lake spray aerosol; statistical analysis of particle number and wind speed also failed to show a relationship. The alternative hypothesis of enhanced ultrafine particles in onshore flow originating mainly from new particle formation activity is supported by multiple lines of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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8. Changes in nitrogen oxides emissions in California during 2005–2010 indicated from top‐down and bottom‐up emission estimates
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Huang, Min, Bowman, Kevin W, Carmichael, Gregory R, Chai, Tianfeng, Pierce, R Bradley, Worden, John R, Luo, Ming, Pollack, Ilana B, Ryerson, Thomas B, Nowak, John B, Neuman, J Andrew, Roberts, James M, Atlas, Elliot L, and Blake, Donald R
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Atmospheric Sciences ,Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience - Abstract
In California, emission control strategies have been implemented to reduce air pollutants. Here we estimate the changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions in 2005-2010 using a state-of-the-art four-dimensional variational approach. We separately and jointly assimilate surface NO2 concentrations and tropospheric NO2 columns observed by Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) into the regional-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) chemical transport model on a 12 × 12 km2 horizontal resolution grid in May 2010. The assimilation generates grid-scale top-down emission estimates, and the updated chemistry fields are evaluated with independent aircraft measurements during the NOAA California Nexus (CalNex) field experiment. The emission estimates constrained only by NO2 columns, only by surface NO2, and by both indicate statewide reductions of 26%, 29%, and 30% from ~0.3 Tg N/yr in the base year of 2005, respectively. The spatial distributions of the emission changes differ in these cases, which can be attributed to many factors including the differences in the observation sampling strategies and their uncertainties, as well as those in the sensitivities of column and surface NO2 with respect to NOx emissions. The updates in California's NOx emissions reduced the mean error in modeled surface ozone in the Western U.S., even though the uncertainties in some urban areas increased due to their NOx-saturated chemical regime. The statewide reductions in NOx emissions indicated from our observationally constrained emission estimates are also reflected in several independently developed inventories: ~30% in the California Air Resources Board bottom-up inventory, ~4% in the 2008 National Emission Inventory, and ~20% in the annual mean top-down estimates by Lamsal et al. using the global Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem model and OMI NO2 columns. Despite the grid-scale differences among all top-down and bottom-up inventories, they all indicate stronger emission reductions in the urban regions. This study shows the potential of using space-/ground-based monitoring data and advanced data assimilation approach to timely and independently update NOx emission estimates on a monthly scale and at a fine grid resolution. The well-evaluated results here suggest that these approaches can be applied more broadly.
- Published
- 2014
9. An Observing System Simulation Experiment Analysis of How Well Geostationary Satellite Trace‐Gas Observations Constrain NOx Emissions in the US.
- Author
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Hsu, Chia‐Hua, Henze, Daven K., Mizzi, Arthur P., González Abad, Gonzalo, He, Jian, Harkins, Colin, Naeger, Aaron R., Lyu, Congmeng, Liu, Xiong, Chan Miller, Christopher, Pierce, R. Bradley, Johnson, Matthew S., and McDonald, Brian C.
- Subjects
NITROGEN oxides ,GEOSTATIONARY satellites ,TROPOSPHERIC ozone ,STANDARD deviations ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,SIMULATION methods & models ,AIR pollutants ,POLLUTION monitoring - Abstract
We investigate the benefit of assimilating high spatial‐temporal resolution nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measurements from a geostationary (GEO) instrument such as Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) versus a low‐earth orbit (LEO) platform like TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the inverse modeling of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. We generated synthetic TEMPO and TROPOMI NO2 measurements based on emissions from the COVID‐19 lockdown period. Starting with emissions levels prior to the lockdown, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry/Data Assimilation Research Testbed (WRF‐Chem/DART) to assimilate these pseudo‐observations in Observing System Simulation Experiments to adjust NOx emissions and quantify how well the assimilation of TEMPO versus TROPOMI measurements recovers the lockdown‐induced emissions changes. We find that NOx emission biases can be ameliorated using half as many simulation days when assimilating GEO observations, and the estimated NOx emissions in 23 out of 29 major urban regions in the US are more accurate. The root mean square error and coefficient of determination of posterior NOx emissions are reduced by 12.5%–41.5% and 1.5%–17.1%, respectively, across different regions. We conduct sensitivity experiments that use different data assimilation (DA) configurations to assimilate synthetic GEO observations. Results demonstrate that the temporal width of the DA window introduces −10% to −20% biases in the emissions inversion and constraining both NOx concentrations and emissions simultaneously yields the most accurate NOx emissions estimates. Our work serves as a valuable reference on how to appropriately assimilate GEO observations for constraining NOx emissions in future studies. Plain Language Summary: Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are major air pollutants and precursors to tropospheric ozone and secondary inorganic aerosols. The diverse natural and anthropogenic sources of NOx pose a challenge for NOx emissions estimates. Inverse modeling techniques which use observations to infer emissions can be applied to improve our understanding of anthropogenic NOx emissions. This study aims to compare the ability of the new geostationary (GEO) instrument Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) and the existing low‐earth orbit instrument TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) to constrain NOx emissions. Synthetic TEMPO and TROPOMI NO2 measurements are generated and assimilated to constrain NOx emissions in an idealized experiment in which the "true" emissions are known. The results show the true NOx emissions can be retrieved using half as many simulation days when assimilating GEO NO2 observations. Moreover, the experiment that assimilates GEO NO2 observations improves the accuracy of estimated NOx emissions by 12.5%–41.5% and 1.5%–17.1% in terms of root mean square error and coefficient of determination, respectively, across different air quality regions. The NOx emissions in most urban regions are better constrained when assimilating GEO NO2 data. We also propose best practices for assimilating GEO NO2 observations, which can serve as reference for future research. Key Points: True NOx emissions can be recovered using half as many simulation days when assimilating synthetic Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) observations rather than TROPOspheric Monitoring InstrumentAssimilating synthetic TEMPO observations improve emissions inversion accuracy by 13%–42% across different regions of USThe best estimates of NOx emissions are achieved by using short data assimilation window (e.g., 30 min) and updating concentrations/emissions jointly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Observing Low Altitude Features in Ozone Concentrations in a Shoreline Environment via Unmanned Aerial Systems
- Author
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Radtke, Josie K., primary, Kies, Benjamin N., additional, Mottishaw, Whitney A., additional, Zeuli, Sydney M., additional, Voon, Aidan T. H., additional, Koerber, Kelly L., additional, Petty, Grant W., additional, Vermeuel, Michael, additional, Bertram, Timothy H., additional, Desai, Ankur R., additional, Hupy, Joseph P., additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Wagner, Timothy J., additional, and Cleary, Patricia A., additional
- Published
- 2023
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11. Supplementary material to "Observing Low Altitude Features in Ozone Concentrations in a Shoreline Environment via Unmanned Aerial Systems"
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Radtke, Josie K., primary, Kies, Benjamin N., additional, Mottishaw, Whitney A., additional, Zeuli, Sydney M., additional, Voon, Aidan T. H., additional, Koerber, Kelly L., additional, Petty, Grant W., additional, Vermeuel, Michael, additional, Bertram, Timothy H., additional, Desai, Ankur R., additional, Hupy, Joseph P., additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Wagner, Timothy J., additional, and Cleary, Patricia A., additional
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- 2023
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12. Meteorological modeling sensitivity to parameterizations and satellite-derived surface datasets during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study
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Otkin, Jason A., primary, Cronce, Lee M., additional, Case, Jonathan L., additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Harkey, Monica, additional, Lenzen, Allen, additional, Henderson, David S., additional, Adelman, Zac, additional, Nergui, Tsengel, additional, and Hain, Christopher R., additional
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- 2023
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13. Size Resolved Aerosol Characterization and In-field Comparative Evaluation of TSI 1 nm SMPS at Lake Michigan Coastal Station
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Christiansen, Megan, primary, Stanier, Charles, additional, Hughes, Dagen, additional, Stone, Elizabeth, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, and Elzey, Sherrie, additional
- Published
- 2023
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14. Observations of coastal dynamics during lake breeze at a shoreline impacted by high ozone
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Tirado, Joseph, primary, Torti, Akagaonye O., additional, Butterworth, Brian J., additional, Wangen, Kevin, additional, Voon, Aidan, additional, Kies, Benjamin, additional, Hupy, Joseph P., additional, de Boer, Gijs, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Wagner, Timothy J., additional, and Cleary, Patricia A., additional
- Published
- 2023
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15. Seasonal monitoring and estimation of regional aerosol distribution over Po valley, northern Italy, using a high-resolution MAIAC product
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Arvani, Barbara, Pierce, R. Bradley, Lyapustin, Alexei I., Wang, Yujie, Ghermandi, Grazia, and Teggi, Sergio
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- 2016
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16. SUPPLEMENT : REAL-TIME SIMULATION OF THE GOES-R ABI FOR USER READINESS AND PRODUCT EVALUATION
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Greenwald, Thomas J., Pierce, R. Bradley, Schaack, Todd, Otkin, Jason, Rogal, Marek, Bah, Kaba, Lenzen, Allen, Nelson, Jim, Li, Jun, and Huang, Hung-Lung
- Published
- 2016
17. REAL-TIME SIMULATION OF THE GOES-R ABI FOR USER READINESS AND PRODUCT EVALUATION
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Greenwald, Thomas J., Pierce, R. Bradley, Schaack, Todd, Otkin, Jason, Rogal, Marek, Bah, Kaba, Lenzen, Allen, Nelson, Jim, Li, Jun, and Huang, Hung-Lung
- Published
- 2016
18. Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ)
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Warneke, Carsten, Schwarz, Joshua P., Washenfelder, Rebecca A., Wiggins, Elizabeth B., Moore, Richard H., Anderson, Bruce E., Jordan, Carolyn, Yacovitch, Tara I., Herndon, Scott C., Liu, Shang, Kuwayama, Toshihiro, Jaffe, Daniel, Dibb, Jack, Johnston, Nancy, Selimovic, Vanessa, Yokelson, Robert, Giles, David M., Holben, Brent N., Goloub, Philippe, Popovici, Ioana, Trainer, Michael, Kumar, Aditya, Pierce, R. Bradley, Kalashnikova, Olga, Fahey, David, Roberts, James, Gargulinski, Emily M., Peterson, David A., Ye, Xinxin, Thapa, Laura H., Saide, Pablo E., Fite, Charles H., Holmes, Christopher D., Wang, Siyuan, Frost, Gregory, Coggon, Matthew M., Decker, Zachary C. J., Stockwell, Chelsea E., Xu, Lu, Gkatzelis, Georgios, Aikin, Kenneth, Lefer, Barry, Kaspari, Jackson, Griffin, Debora, Zeng, Linghan, Al-Saad, Jassim, Weber, Rodney, Hastings, Meredith, Chai, Jiajue, Wolfe, Glenn M., Hanisco, Thomas F., Liao, Jin, Campuzano Jost, Pedro, Guo, Hongyu, Jimenez, Jose L., Crawford, James, Brown, Steven S., Brewer, Wm. Alan, Soja, Amber, and Seidel, Felix C.
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Atmospheric Science ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,ddc:550 - Abstract
The NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) experiment was a multi-agency, inter-disciplinary research effort to: (a) obtain detailed measurements of trace gas and aerosol emissions from wildfires and prescribed fires using aircraft, satellites and ground-based instruments, (b) make extensive suborbital remote sensing measurements of fire dynamics, (c) assess local, regional, and global modeling of fires, and (d) strengthen connections to observables on the ground such as fuels and fuel consumption and satellite products such as burned area and fire radiative power. From Boise, ID western wildfires were studied with the NASA DC-8 and two NOAA Twin Otter aircraft. The high-altitude NASA ER-2 was deployed from Palmdale, CA to observe some of these fires in conjunction with satellite overpasses and the other aircraft. Further research was conducted on three mobile laboratories and ground sites, and 17 different modeling forecast and analyses products for fire, fuels and air quality and climate implications. From Salina, KS the DC-8 investigated 87 smaller fires in the Southeast with remote and in-situ data collection. Sampling by all platforms was designed to measure emissions of trace gases and aerosols with multiple transects to capture the chemical transformation of these emissions and perform remote sensing observations of fire and smoke plumes under day and night conditions. The emissions were linked to fuels consumed and fire radiative power using orbital and suborbital remote sensing observations collected during overflights of the fires and smoke plumes and ground sampling of fuels.
- Published
- 2023
19. Observing Low Altitude Features in Ozone Concentrations in a Shoreline Environment via Uncrewed Aerial Systems.
- Author
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Radtke, Josie K., Kies, Benjamin N., Mottishaw, Whitney A., Zeuli, Sydney M., Voon, Aidan T. H., Koerber, Kelly L., Petty, Grant W., Vermeuel, Michael P., Bertram, Timothy H., Desai, Ankur R., Hupy, Joseph P., Pierce, R. Bradley, Wagner, Timothy J., and Cleary, Patricia A.
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ATMOSPHERIC ozone ,ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer ,TROPOSPHERIC ozone ,OZONE ,NITROGEN oxides ,OZONE layer ,ALTITUDES ,SHORELINES - Abstract
Ozone is a pollutant formed in the atmosphere by photochemical processes involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when exposed to sunlight. Tropospheric boundary layer ozone is regularly measured at ground stations and sampled infrequently through balloon, lidar, and crewed aircraft platforms, which have demonstrated characteristic patterns with altitude. Here, to better resolve vertical profiles of ozone within the atmospheric boundary layer, we developed and evaluated an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) platform for measuring ozone and meteorological parameters of temperature, pressure, and humidity. To evaluate this approach, an UAS was flown with a portable ozone monitor and a meteorological temperature and humidity sensor to compare to tall tower measurements in northern Wisconsin. In June 2020, as a part of the WiscoDISCO20 campaign, a DJI M600 hexacopter UAS was flown with the same sensors to measure Lake Michigan shoreline ozone concentrations. This latter UAS experiment revealed low-altitude structure in ozone concentrations in a shoreline environment showing highest ozone at altitudes from 20-100 mAGL. These first such measurements of lowaltitude ozone via UAS in the Great Lakes Region revealed a very shallow layer of ozone rich air lying above the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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20. High-resolution air quality simulations of ozone exceedance events during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study.
- Author
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Pierce, R. Bradley, Harkey, Monica, Lenzen, Allen, Cronce, Lee M., Otkin, Jason A., Case, Jonathan L., Henderson, David S., Adelman, Zac, Nergui, Tsengel, and Hain, Christopher R.
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AIR quality ,OZONE ,OCEAN temperature ,LAKES ,BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics) ,SOIL moisture ,OZONE layer - Abstract
We evaluate two high-resolution Lake Michigan air quality simulations during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study campaign. These air quality simulations employ identical chemical configurations but use different input meteorology. The AP-XM configuration follows the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-recommended modeling practices, whereas the YNT_SSNG employs different parameterization schemes and satellite-based inputs of sea surface temperatures, green vegetative fraction, and soil moisture and temperature. Overall, we find a similar performance in the model simulations of hourly and maximum daily average 8 h (MDA8) ozone, with the AP-XM and YNT_SSNG simulations showing biases of -11.42 and -13.54 ppbv (parts per billion by volume), respectively, during periods when the observed MDA8 was greater than 70 ppbv. However, for the two monitoring sites that observed high-ozone events, the AP-XM simulation better matched observations at Chiwaukee Prairie, and the YNT_SSNG simulation better matched observations at the Sheboygan Kohler-Andrae (KA) State Park. We find that the differences between the two simulations are largest for column amounts of ozone precursors, particularly NO 2. Across three high-ozone events, the YNT_SSNG simulation has a lower NO 2 column bias (0.17×1015 mol cm -2) compared to the AP-XM simulation (0.31×1015 mol cm -2). The YNT_SSNG simulation also has an advantage in that it better captures the structure of the boundary layer and lake breeze during the 2 June high-ozone event, although the timing of the lake breeze is about 3 h too early at Sheboygan. Our results are useful for informing an air quality modeling framework for the Lake Michigan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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21. Characterizing the impacts of vertical transport and photochemical ozone production on an exceedance area
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Yates, Emma L., Iraci, Laura T., Austerberry, David, Pierce, R. Bradley, Roby, Matthew C., Tadić, Jovan M., Loewenstein, Max, and Gore, Warren
- Published
- 2015
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22. Inferring and evaluating satellite-based constraints on NOx emissions estimates in air quality simulations
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East, James D., primary, Henderson, Barron H., additional, Napelenok, Sergey L., additional, Koplitz, Shannon N., additional, Sarwar, Golam, additional, Gilliam, Robert, additional, Lenzen, Allen, additional, Tong, Daniel Q., additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, and Garcia-Menendez, Fernando, additional
- Published
- 2022
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23. The Impact of Volatile Chemical Products, Other VOCs, and NO x on Peak Ozone in the Lake Michigan Region
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Abdi‐Oskouei, Maryam, primary, Roozitalab, Behrooz, additional, Stanier, Charles O., additional, Christiansen, Megan, additional, Pfister, Gabriele, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, McDonald, Brian C., additional, Adelman, Zac, additional, Janseen, Mark, additional, Dickens, Angela F., additional, and Carmichael, Gregory R., additional
- Published
- 2022
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24. Satellite Data Applications for Sustainable Energy Transitions
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Edwards, Morgan R., primary, Holloway, Tracey, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Blank, Lew, additional, Broddle, Madison, additional, Choi, Eric, additional, Duncan, Bryan N., additional, Esparza, Ángel, additional, Falchetta, Giacomo, additional, Fritz, Meredith, additional, Gibbs, Holly K., additional, Hundt, Henry, additional, Lark, Tyler, additional, Leibrand, Amy, additional, Liu, Fei, additional, Madsen, Becca, additional, Maslak, Tanya, additional, Pandey, Bhartendu, additional, Seto, Karen C., additional, and Stackhouse, Paul W., additional
- Published
- 2022
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25. Simulating wildfire emissions and plume rise using geostationary satellite fire radiative power measurements: a case study of the 2019 Williams Flats fire
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Kumar, Aditya, primary, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Ahmadov, Ravan, additional, Pereira, Gabriel, additional, Freitas, Saulo, additional, Grell, Georg, additional, Schmidt, Chris, additional, Lenzen, Allen, additional, Schwarz, Joshua P., additional, Perring, Anne E., additional, Katich, Joseph M., additional, Hair, John, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, and Guo, Hongyu, additional
- Published
- 2022
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26. Supplementary material to "Inferring and evaluating satellite-based constraints on NOx emissions estimates in air quality simulations"
- Author
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East, James D., primary, Henderson, Barron H., additional, Napelenok, Sergey L., additional, Koplitz, Shannon N., additional, Sarwar, Golam, additional, Gilliam, Robert, additional, Lenzen, Allen, additional, Tong, Daniel Q., additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, and Garcia-Menendez, Fernando, additional
- Published
- 2022
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27. Satellite data of atmospheric pollution for U.S. air quality applications: Examples of applications, summary of data end-user resources, answers to FAQs, and common mistakes to avoid
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Duncan, Bryan N., Prados, Ana I., Lamsal, Lok N., Liu, Yang, Streets, David G., Gupta, Pawan, Hilsenrath, Ernest, Kahn, Ralph A., Nielsen, J. Eric, Beyersdorf, Andreas J., Burton, Sharon P., Fiore, Arlene M., Fishman, Jack, Henze, Daven K., Hostetler, Chris A., Krotkov, Nickolay A., Lee, Pius, Lin, Meiyun, Pawson, Steven, Pfister, Gabriele, Pickering, Kenneth E., Pierce, R. Bradley, Yoshida, Yasuko, and Ziemba, Luke D.
- Published
- 2014
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28. LIDAR-MEASURED WIND PROFILES : The Missing Link in the Global Observing System
- Author
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Baker, Wayman E., Atlas, Robert, Cardinali, Carla, Clement, Amy, Emmitt, George D., Gentry, Bruce M., Hardesty, R. Michael, Källén, Erland, Kavaya, Michael J., Langland, Rolf, Ma, Zaizhong, Masutani, Michiko, McCarty, Will, Pierce, R. Bradley, Pu, Zhaoxia, Riishojgaard, Lars Peter, Ryan, James, Tucker, Sara, Weissmann, Martin, and Yoe, James G.
- Published
- 2014
29. SUPPLEMENT : LIDAR-MEASURED WIND PROFILES The Missing Link in the Global Observing System
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Baker, Wayman E., Atlas, Robert, Cardinali, Carla, Clement, Amy, Emmitt, George D., Gentry, Bruce M., Hardesty, R. Michael, Källén, Erland, Kavaya, Michael J., Langland, Rolf, Ma, Zaizhong, Masutani, Michiko, McCarty, Will, Pierce, R. Bradley, Pu, Zhaoxia, Riishojgaard, Lars Peter, Ryan, James, Tucker, Sara, Weissmann, Martin, and Yoe, James G.
- Published
- 2014
30. Observations of the lower atmosphere from the 2021 WiscoDISCO campaign
- Author
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Cleary, Patricia A., primary, de Boer, Gijs, additional, Hupy, Joseph P., additional, Borenstein, Steven, additional, Hamilton, Jonathan, additional, Kies, Ben, additional, Lawrence, Dale, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Tirado, Joe, additional, Voon, Aidan, additional, and Wagner, Timothy, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Observations of the Development and Vertical Structure of the Lake-Breeze Circulation during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study
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Wagner, Timothy J., primary, Czarnetzki, Alan C., additional, Christiansen, Megan, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Stanier, Charles O., additional, Dickens, Angela F., additional, and Eloranta, Edwin W., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport–Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS)
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Langford, Andrew O., Senff, Christoph J., Alvarez II, Raul J., Aikin, Ken C., Baidar, Sunil, Bonin, Timothy A., Brewer, W. Alan, Brioude, Jerome, Brown, Steven S., Burley, Joel D., Caputi, Dani J., Conley, Stephen A., Cullis, Patrick D., Decker, Zachary C. J., Evan, Stéphanie, Kirgis, Guillaume, Lin, Meiyun, Pagowski, Mariusz, Peischl, Jeff, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pierce, R. Bradley, Ryerson, Thomas B., Sandberg, Scott P., Sterling, Chance W., Weickmann, Ann M., and Zhang, Li
- Abstract
The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport–Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS) was conducted in May and June of 2017 to study the transport of ozone (O3) to Clark County, Nevada, a marginal non-attainment area in the southwestern United States (SWUS). This 6-week (20 May–30 June 2017) field campaign used lidar, ozonesonde, aircraft, and in situ measurements in conjunction with a variety of models to characterize the distribution of O3 and related species above southern Nevada and neighboring California and to probe the influence of stratospheric intrusions and wildfires as well as local, regional, and Asian pollution on surface O3 concentrations in the Las Vegas Valley (≈ 900 m above sea level, a.s.l.). In this paper, we describe the FAST-LVOS campaign and present case studies illustrating the influence of different transport processes on background O3 in Clark County and southern Nevada. The companion paper by Zhang et al. (2020) describes the use of the AM4 and GEOS-Chem global models to simulate the measurements and estimate the impacts of transported O3 on surface air quality across the greater southwestern US and Intermountain West. The FAST-LVOS measurements found elevated O3 layers above Las Vegas on more than 75 % (35 of 45) of the sample days and show that entrainment of these layers contributed to mean 8 h average regional background O3 concentrations of 50–55 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), or about 85–95 µg m−3. These high background concentrations constitute 70 %–80 % of the current US National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 70 ppbv (≈ 120 µg m−3 at 900 m a.s.l.) for the daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) and will make attainment of the more stringent standards of 60 or 65 ppbv currently being considered extremely difficult in the interior SWUS.
- Published
- 2022
33. Meteorological modeling sensitivity to parameterizations and satellite-derived surface datasets during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study.
- Author
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Otkin, Jason A., Cronce, Lee M., Case, Jonathan L., Pierce, R. Bradley, Harkey, Monica, Lenzen, Allen, Henderson, David S., Adelman, Zac, Nergui, Tsengel, and Hain, Christopher R.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC models ,STANDARD deviations ,WATER vapor ,PARAMETERIZATION ,WATER temperature - Abstract
High-resolution simulations were performed to assess the impact of different parameterization schemes, surface initialization datasets, and analysis nudging on lower-tropospheric conditions near Lake Michigan. Simulations were run where climatological or coarse-resolution surface initialization datasets were replaced by high-resolution, real-time datasets depicting lake surface temperatures (SST), green vegetation fraction (GVF), and soil moisture and temperature (SOIL). Comparison of a baseline simulation employing a configuration similar to that used at the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") to another simulation employing an alternative set of parameterization schemes (referred to as "YNT") showed that the EPA configuration produced more accurate analyses on the outermost 12-km resolution domain, but that the YNT configuration was superior for higher-resolution nests. The diurnal evolution of the surface energy fluxes was similar in both simulations on the 12-km grid but differed greatly on the 1.3-km grid where the EPA simulation had much smaller sensible heat flux during the daytime and physically unrealistic ground heat flux. Switching to the YNT configuration led to substantial decreases in root mean square error for 2-m temperature and 2-m water vapor mixing ratio on the 1.3-km grid. Additional improvements occurred when the high-resolution satellite-derived surface datasets were incorporated into the modeling platform, with the SOIL dataset having the largest positive impact on temperature and water vapor. The GVF and SST datasets also produced more accurate temperature and water vapor analyses, but degradations in wind speed, especially when using the GVF dataset. The most accurate simulations were obtained when using the high-resolution SST and SOIL datasets and analysis nudging above 2 km AGL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Meteorological modeling 1 sensitivity to parameterizations and satellite-derived surface datasets during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study.
- Author
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Otkin, Jason A., Cronce, Lee M., Case, Jonathan L., Pierce, R. Bradley, Harkey, Monica, Lenzen, Allen, Henderson, David S., Adelman, Zac, Nergui, Tsengel, and Hain, Christopher R.
- Abstract
High-resolution simulations were performed to assess the impact of different parameterization schemes, surface initialization datasets, and analysis nudging on lower-tropospheric conditions near Lake Michigan. Simulations were run where climatological or coarse-resolution surface initialization datasets were replaced by high-resolution, real-time datasets depicting lake surface temperatures (SST), green vegetation fraction (GVF), and soil moisture and temperature (SOIL). Comparison of a baseline simulation employing a configuration similar to that used at the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") to another simulation employing an alternative set of parameterization schemes (referred to as "YNT") showed that the EPA configuration produced more accurate analyses on the outermost 12-km resolution domain, but that the YNT configuration was superior for higher-resolution nests. The diurnal evolution of the surface energy fluxes was similar in both simulations on the 12-km grid but differed greatly on the 1.3-km grid where the EPA simulation had much smaller sensible heat flux during the daytime and physically unrealistic ground heat flux. Switching to the YNT configuration led to substantial decreases in root mean square error for 2-m temperature and 2-m water vapor mixing ratio on the 1.3-km grid. Additional improvements occurred when the high-resolution satellite-derived surface datasets were incorporated into the modeling platform, with the SOIL dataset having the largest positive impact on temperature and water vapor. The GVF and SST datasets also produced more accurate temperature and water vapor analyses, but degradations in wind speed, especially when using the GVF dataset. The most accurate simulations were obtained when using the high-resolution SST and SOIL datasets and analysis nudging above 2 km AGL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Simulating Wildfire Emissions and Plumerise using Geostationary Satellite Fire Radiative Power Measurements: A Case Study of the 2019 Williams Flats fire
- Author
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Kumar, Aditya, primary, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Ahmadov, Ravan, additional, Pereira, Gabriel, additional, Freitas, Saulo, additional, Grell, Georg, additional, Schmidt, Chris, additional, Lenzen, Allen, additional, Schwarz, Joshua P., additional, Perring, Anne E., additional, Katich, Joseph M., additional, Hair, John, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, and Guo, Hongyu, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The <i>Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport</i>–Las Vegas Ozone Study (<i>FAST</i>-LVOS)
- Author
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Langford, Andrew O., primary, Senff, Christoph J., additional, Alvarez II, Raul J., additional, Aikin, Ken C., additional, Baidar, Sunil, additional, Bonin, Timothy A., additional, Brewer, W. Alan, additional, Brioude, Jerome, additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Burley, Joel D., additional, Caputi, Dani J., additional, Conley, Stephen A., additional, Cullis, Patrick D., additional, Decker, Zachary C. J., additional, Evan, Stéphanie, additional, Kirgis, Guillaume, additional, Lin, Meiyun, additional, Pagowski, Mariusz, additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Sandberg, Scott P., additional, Sterling, Chance W., additional, Weickmann, Ann M., additional, and Zhang, Li, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. REMOTE SENSING OF TROPOSPHERIC POLLUTION FROM SPACE
- Author
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Fishman, Jack, Bowman, Kevin W., Burrows, John P., Richter, Andreas, Chance, Kelly V., Edwards, David P., Martin, Randall V., Morris, Gary A., Pierce, R. Bradley, Ziemke, Jerald R., Al-Saadi, Jassim A., Creilson, John K., Schaack, Todd K., and Thompson, Anne M.
- Published
- 2008
38. Ozone depletion due to dust release of iodine in the free troposphere
- Author
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Koenig, Theodore K., primary, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Apel, Eric C., additional, Bresch, James F., additional, Cuevas, Carlos A., additional, Dix, Barbara, additional, Eloranta, Edwin W., additional, Fernandez, Rafael P., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Reeves, J. Michael, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, and Ullmann, Kirk, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Overview of the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017
- Author
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Pierce, R. Bradley, primary, Abdi-Oskouei, Maryam, additional, Adelman, Zachariah E., additional, Al-Saadi, Jay, additional, Alwe, Hariprasad D., additional, Bertram, Timothy H., additional, Carmichael, Gregory R., additional, Christiansen, Megan B., additional, Cleary, Patricia A., additional, Czarnetzki, Alan C., additional, Dickens, Angela F., additional, Fuoco, Marta A., additional, Hughes, Dagen D., additional, Hupy, Joseph P., additional, Janz, Scott J., additional, Judd, Laura M., additional, Kenski, Donna, additional, Kowalewski, Matthew G., additional, Long, Russell W., additional, Millet, Dylan B., additional, Novak, Gordon, additional, Roozitalab, Behrooz, additional, Shaw, Stephanie L., additional, Stone, Elizabeth A., additional, Szykman, James, additional, Valin, Lukas, additional, Vermeuel, Michael, additional, Wagner, Timothy J., additional, Whitehill, Andrew R., additional, and Williams, David J., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Observations of the Lower Atmosphere From the 2021 WiscoDISCO Campaign
- Author
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Cleary, Patricia A., primary, de Boer, Gijs, additional, Hupy, Joseph P., additional, Borenstein, Steven, additional, Hamilton, Jonathan, additional, Kies, Ben, additional, Lawrence, Dale, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Tirado, Joe, additional, Voon, Aidan, additional, and Wagner, Timothy J., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. IMPROVING NATIONAL AIR QUALITY FORECASTS WITH SATELLITE AEROSOL OBSERVATIONS
- Author
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Al-Saadi, Jassim, Szykman, James, Pierce, R. Bradley, Kittaka, Chieko, Neil, Doreen, Chu, D. Allen, Remer, Lorraine, Gumley, Liam, Prins, Elaine, Weinstock, Lewis, MacDonald, Clinton, Wayland, Richard, Dimmick, Fred, and Fishman, Jack
- Published
- 2005
42. The Impact of Volatile Chemical Products, Other VOCs, and NOx on Peak Ozone in the Lake Michigan Region.
- Author
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Abdi‐Oskouei, Maryam, Roozitalab, Behrooz, Stanier, Charles O., Christiansen, Megan, Pfister, Gabriele, Pierce, R. Bradley, McDonald, Brian C., Adelman, Zac, Janseen, Mark, Dickens, Angela F., and Carmichael, Gregory R.
- Subjects
NITROGEN oxides ,OZONE generators ,OZONE ,AIR quality management ,GEOSTATIONARY satellites ,EMISSION inventories ,AIR pollutants - Abstract
High concentrations of ozone along the coastline of Lake Michigan are a persistent air quality management challenge. Complementing observations during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS 2017), WRF‐Chem modeling was used to quantify sensitivity of modeled ozone (O3) to anthropogenic nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, including to changes in volatile chemical product (VCP). The daily maximum 8 hr average (MDA8) over the high ozone region of Lake Michigan decreased by 2.7 ppb with exclusion of VCP from the inventory, and was sensitive to both NOx and VOC changes, with greater sensitivity to NOx. Close to urban centers, MDA8 ozone was VOC‐sensitive. Clusters of coastal receptor sites were identified based on similarity in response to emission perturbations, with most clusters being NOx‐sensitive and NOx‐sensitivity increasing with distance from major emission sources. The 2 June 2017 ozone event, which has received considerable focus, is shown to be atypical due to unusually strong and spatially extended VOC‐sensitive behavior. WRF‐Chem integrated reaction rate analysis was used to compute radical termination rates due to NOx (LNOx) and to radical‐radical reactions (LROx). LROx/LNOx and formaldehyde to NO2 ratio (FNR) were shown to be predictive of modeled MDA8 ozone sensitivity, but with variation in predictive power as a function of time of day, which has implications for air quality management use of FNR from geostationary satellites. Plain Language Summary: Surface ozone is an air pollutant of concern due to human health impacts. In locations with elevated ozone concentrations, including coastal regions around Lake Michigan, ozone pollution is managed by controlling emissions of the two classes of chemicals that drive ozone chemistry: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, due to large reductions in emissions of NOx and VOC over the past 20 years, the leverage that future reductions will have is uncertain. Reductions of 4–5 ppb (∼7%) are needed in several locations, relative to 2017–2019 concentrations, to meet the 2015 ozone standard of 70 ppb. In this paper, we use simulations of atmospheric chemistry and airflow over the Midwestern US to address this issue. By comparing simulations based on different VOC and NOx emissions, we find that reductions in NOx emissions have more influence on ozone than reductions in VOC emissions, except for a small zone downwind of Chicago. On high ozone days over Lake Michigan, a 10% decrease in VOC (NOx) emissions can lower ozone in the key high ozone zone over southern Lake Michigan by 0.4% (0.8%). Volatile chemical products, an uncertain component of emission inventories, are responsible for 2.7 ppb (∼4%) of ozone. Key Points: Outside of a small (85 km) zone downwind of Chicago, ozone concentrations and production near Lake Michigan is generally NOx‐sensitiveOn event days 10% decrease in volatile organic compound emission can lower MDA8 by 0.4% and 10% decrease in nitrogen oxides emission can lower MDA8 by 0.8% over Lake MichiganVolatile chemical product emissions were modeled to produce an average 2.7 ppb ozone increase over the lake [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Investigating Ozone Sources in California Using AJAX Airborne Measurements and Models: Implications for Stratospheric Intrusion and Long Range Transport
- Author
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Ryoo, Ju-Mee, Johnson, Matthew S, Iraci, Laura T, Yates, Emma L, Pierce, R. Bradley, Tanaka, Tomoaki, and Gore, Warren
- Subjects
Geosciences (General) - Abstract
High ozone concentrations at low altitudes near the surface were detected from airborne Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) measurements on May 30, 2012. We investigate the causes of the elevated ozone concentrations using the airborne measurements and various models. GEOSchem and WRF-STILT model simulations show that the contribution from local sources is small. From MERRA reanalysis, it is found that high potential vorticity (PV) is observed at low altitudes. This high PV appears to be only partially coming through the stratospheric intrusions because the air inside the high PV region is moist, which shows that mixing appears to be enhanced in the low altitudes. Considering that diabatic heating can also produce high PV in the lower troposphere, high ozone is partially coming through stratospheric intrusion, but this cannot explain the whole ozone concentration in the target areas of the western U.S. A back-trajectory model is utilized to see where the air masses originated. The air masses of the target areas came from the lower stratosphere (LS), upper (UT), mid- (MT), and lower troposphere (LT). The relative number of trajectories coming from LS and UT is low (7.7% and 7.6%, respectively) compared to that from LT (64.1%), but the relative ozone concentration coming from LS and UT is high (38.4% and 20.95%, respectively) compared to that from LT (17.7%). The air mass coming from LT appears to be mostly coming from Asia. Q diagnostics show that there is sufficient mixing along the trajectory to indicate that ozone from the different origins is mixed and transported to the western U.S. This study shows that high ozone concentrations can be detected by airborne measurements, which can be analyzed by integrated platforms such as models, reanalysis, and satellite data.
- Published
- 2016
44. Investigation of Ozone Sources in California Using AJAX Airborne Measurements and Models: Implications for Stratospheric Intrusion and Long Range Transport
- Author
-
Ryoo, Ju-Mee, Johnson, Matthew S, Iraci, Laura T, Yates, Emma L, Pierce, R. Bradley, Tanaka, Tomoaki, and Gore, Warren
- Subjects
Environment Pollution - Abstract
High ozone concentrations at low altitudes near the surface were detected from airborne Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) measurements on May 30, 2012. We investigate the causes of the elevated ozone concentrations using the airborne measurements and various models. GEOS-chem and WRF-STILT model simulations show that the contribution from local sources is small. From MERRA reanalysis, it is found that high potential vorticity (PV) is observed at low altitudes. This high PV appears to be only partially coming through the stratospheric intrusions because the air inside the high PV region is moist, which shows that mixing appears to be enhanced in the low altitudes. Considering that diabatic heating can also produce high PV in the lower troposphere, high ozone is partially coming through stratospheric intrusion, but this cannot explain the whole ozone concentration in the target areas of the western U.S. A back-trajectory model is utilized to see where the air masses originated. The air masses of the target areas came from the lower stratosphere (LS), upper (UT), mid- (MT), and lower troposphere (LT). The relative number of trajectories coming from LS and UT is low (7.7 and 7.6, respectively) compared to that from LT (64.1), but the relative ozone concentration coming from LS and UT is high (38.4 and 20.95, respectively) compared to that from LT (17.7). The air mass coming from LT appears to be mostly coming from Asia. Q diagnostics show that there is sufficient mixing along the trajectory to indicate that ozone from the different origins is mixed and transported to the western U.S. This study shows that high ozone concentrations can be detected by airborne measurements, which can be analyzed by integrated platforms such as models, reanalysis, and satellite data.
- Published
- 2015
45. Supplementary material to "The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport-Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS)"
- Author
-
Langford, Andrew O., primary, Senff, Christoph J., additional, Alvarez II, Raul J., additional, Aikin, Ken C., additional, Baidar, Sunil, additional, Bonin, Timothy A., additional, Brewer, W. Alan, additional, Brioude, Jerome, additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Burley, Joel D., additional, Caputi, Dani J., additional, Conley, Stephen A., additional, Cullis, Patrick D., additional, Decker, Zachary C. J., additional, Evan, Stéphanie, additional, Kirgis, Guillaume, additional, Lin, Meiyun, additional, Pagowski, Mariusz, additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Sandberg, Scott P., additional, Sterling, Chance W., additional, Weickmann, Ann W., additional, and Zhang, Li, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport-Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS)
- Author
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Langford, Andrew O., primary, Senff, Christoph J., additional, Alvarez II, Raul J., additional, Aikin, Ken C., additional, Baidar, Sunil, additional, Bonin, Timothy A., additional, Brewer, W. Alan, additional, Brioude, Jerome, additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Burley, Joel D., additional, Caputi, Dani J., additional, Conley, Stephen A., additional, Cullis, Patrick D., additional, Decker, Zachary C. J., additional, Evan, Stéphanie, additional, Kirgis, Guillaume, additional, Lin, Meiyun, additional, Pagowski, Mariusz, additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Sandberg, Scott P., additional, Sterling, Chance W., additional, Weickmann, Ann W., additional, and Zhang, Li, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Satellite Monitoring for Air Quality and Health
- Author
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Holloway, Tracey, primary, Miller, Daegan, additional, Anenberg, Susan, additional, Diao, Minghui, additional, Duncan, Bryan, additional, Fiore, Arlene M., additional, Henze, Daven K., additional, Hess, Jeremy, additional, Kinney, Patrick L., additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Neu, Jessica L., additional, O'Neill, Susan M., additional, Odman, M. Talat, additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Russell, Armistead G., additional, Tong, Daniel, additional, West, J. Jason, additional, and Zondlo, Mark A., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Ozone depletion due to dust release of iodine in the free troposphere
- Author
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Koenig, Theodore K., Volkamer, Rainer, Apel, Eric C., Bresch, James F., Cuevas, Carlos A., Dix, Barbara, Eloranta, Edwin W., Fernandez, Rafael P., Hall, Samuel R., Hornbrook, Rebecca S., Pierce, R. Bradley, Reeves, J. Michael, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Ullmann, Kirk, National Science Foundation (US), and European Research Council
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,13. Climate action ,Environmental Studies ,SciAdv r-articles ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Research Article ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
10 pags, 4 figs. -- Supplementary material for this article is available at https://science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj6544, Iodine is an atmospheric trace element emitted from oceans that efficiently destroys ozone (O3). Low O3 in airborne dust layers is frequently observed but poorly understood. We show that dust is a source of gas-phase iodine, indicated by aircraft observations of iodine monoxide (IO) radicals inside lofted dust layers from the Atacama and Sechura Deserts that are up to a factor of 10 enhanced over background. Gas-phase iodine photochemistry, commensurate with observed IO, is needed to explain the low O3 inside these dust layers (below 15 ppbv; up to 75% depleted). The added dust iodine can explain decreases in O3 of 8% regionally and affects surface air quality. Our data suggest that iodate reduction to form volatile iodine species is a missing process in the geochemical iodine cycle and presents an unrecognized aeolian source of iodine. Atmospheric iodine has tripled since 1950 and affects ozone layer recovery and particle formation., This work was funded by U.S. NSF grants AGS-1104104 (to R.V.), AGS-1620530 (to R.V.), and AGS-2027252 (to R.V.) and European Research Council Executive Agency under Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme project ERC-2016-COG 726349 CLIMAHAL (to A.S.-L.)
- Published
- 2021
49. Inferring and evaluating satellite-based constraints on NOx emissions estimates in air quality simulations.
- Author
-
East, James D., Henderson, Barron H., Napelenok, Sergey L., Koplitz, Shannon N., Sarwar, Golam, Gilliam, Robert, Lenzen, Allen, Tong, Daniel Q., Pierce, R. Bradley, and Garcia-Menendez, Fernando
- Abstract
Satellite observations of tropospheric NO
2 columns can provide top-down observational constraints on emissions estimates of nitrogen oxides (NOx ). Mass-balance based methods are often applied for this purpose, but do not isolate near surface emissions from those aloft, such as lightning emissions. Here, we introduce an inverse modeling framework that couples satellite chemical data assimilation to a chemical transport model and infers satellite-constrained emissions totals using the iterative finite-difference mass-balance method. The approach improves the finite-difference mass-balance inversion by isolating the near-surface emissions increment. We apply the framework to estimate lightning and anthropogenic NOx emissions over the Northern Hemisphere. Using overlapping observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), we compare NOx emissions inferences from these satellite instruments, as well as the impacts of emissions changes on modeled NO2 and O3 . OMI inferences of anthropogenic emissions consistently lead to larger emissions than TROPOMI inferences, attributed to a low bias in TROPOMI NO2 retrievals. Updated lightning NOx emissions from either satellite improve the chemical transport model's low tropospheric O3 bias. Combined lightning and anthropogenic updates inferred from satellite observations can improve the model's ability to represent background and ground-level O3 concentrations, an ongoing policy consideration in the U.S. as domestic and international emissions control strategies evolve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Evaluating Sentinel-5P TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 column densities with airborne and Pandora spectrometers near New York City and Long Island Sound
- Author
-
Judd, Laura M., Al-Saadi, Jassim A., Szykman, James J., Valin, Lukas C., Janz, Scott J., Kowalewski, Matthew G., Eskes, Henk J., Veefkind, J. Pepijn, Cede, Alexander, Mueller, Moritz, Gebetsberger, Manuel, Swap, Robert, Pierce, R. Bradley, Nowlan, Caroline R., Abad, Gonzalo González, Nehrir, Amin, and Williams, David
- Abstract
Airborne and ground-based Pandora spectrometer NO2 column measurements were collected during the 2018 Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS) in the New York City/Long Island Sound region, which coincided with early observations from the Sentinel-5P TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) instrument. Both airborne- and ground-based measurements are used to evaluate the TROPOMI NO2 Tropospheric Vertical Column (TrVC) product v1.2 in this region, which has high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in NO2. First, airborne and Pandora TrVCs are compared to evaluate the uncertainty of the airborne TrVC and establish the spatial representativeness of the Pandora observations. The 171 coincidences between Pandora and airborne TrVCs are found to be highly correlated (r2= 0.92 and slope of 1.03), with the largest individual differences being associated with high temporal and/or spatial variability. These reference measurements (Pandora and airborne) are complementary with respect to temporal coverage and spatial representativity. Pandora spectrometers can provide continuous long-term measurements but may lack areal representativity when operated in direct-sun mode. Airborne spectrometers are typically only deployed for short periods of time, but their observations are more spatially representative of the satellite measurements with the added capability of retrieving at subpixel resolutions of 250 m × 250 m over the entire TROPOMI pixels they overfly. Thus, airborne data are more correlated with TROPOMI measurements (r2=0.96) than Pandora measurements are with TROPOMI (r2=0.84). The largest outliers between TROPOMI and the reference measurements appear to stem from too spatially coarse a priori surface reflectivity (0.5∘) over bright urban scenes. In this work, this results during cloud-free scenes that, at times, are affected by errors in the TROPOMI cloud pressure retrieval impacting the calculation of tropospheric air mass factors. This factor causes a high bias in TROPOMI TrVCs of 4 %–11 %. Excluding these cloud-impacted points, TROPOMI has an overall low bias of 19 %–33 % during the LISTOS timeframe of June–September 2018. Part of this low bias is caused by coarse a priori profile input from the TM5-MP model; replacing these profiles with those from a 12 km North American Model–Community Multiscale Air Quality (NAMCMAQ) analysis results in a 12 %–14 % increase in the TrVCs. Even with this improvement, the TROPOMI-NAMCMAQ TrVCs have a 7 %–19 % low bias, indicating needed improvement in a priori assumptions in the air mass factor calculation. Future work should explore additional impacts of a priori inputs to further assess the remaining low biases in TROPOMI using these datasets.
- Published
- 2020
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