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Background: Diagnosis of dementia may change peoples' goals of care. In people with diabetes, this may lead to relaxing treatment targets and reducing the use of diabetes medications. The aim of this study was to examine changes in diabetes medication use before and after initiating medication for dementia. Methods: A national cohort of people aged 65–97 years, living with dementia and diabetes, and a general population cohort with diabetes matched for age, sex, and index date were extracted from the Australian national medication claims database. Trajectories of diabetes medication use, expressed as mean defined daily dose (DDD) each month for each individual from 24 months before to 24 months after the index date, were estimated using group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM). Cohorts were analyzed separately. Results: People with dementia (N = 1884) and the matched general population (N = 7067) had a median age of 80 years (interquartile range 76–84) and 55% were female. In both models, people exhibited one of five diabetes medication trajectories, with 16.5% of people with dementia and 24.0% of the general population assigned to trajectories that represented deintensification. In the general population model, those on deintensifying trajectories were older than those on stable trajectories (median 83 vs. 79 years). In the dementia cohort model, those on high or low deintensifying trajectories were slightly older (median age 81 or 82, respectively, vs. 80 years) and had at least 1 more comorbidity (median 8 or 7, respectively, vs. 6) than those on stable trajectories. Conclusions: Initiating medication for dementia does not appear to be a trigger for deintensification of diabetes treatment regimens. Deintensification was more common in the general population; people living with dementia are potentially overtreated for diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, has been losing mass at an accelerating rate over recent decades in response to enhanced oceanic forcing. Overlying the Aurora Subglacial Basin, it has been referred to as the 'weak underbelly' of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and is drained by several major outlet glaciers. Despite their potential importance, few of these glaciers have been studied in detail. This includes the six outlet glaciers which drain into Vincennes Bay, a region recently discovered to have the warmest intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) ever recorded in East Antarctica. Here, we use remotely sensed optical imagery, differential satellite aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) and datasets of ice surface velocity, ice surface elevation and grounding line position, to investigate ice dynamics between 1963 and 2022. Decadal trends in frontal position are observed across the Vincennes Bay outlet glaciers, potentially correlated to variations in sea ice production. Ice surface velocities were generally stable between 2000 and 2021, with some fluctuations measured across the grounding line of Bond East Glacier. Changes in ice surface elevation were spatially variable, but a clear and consistent thinning trend was measured at Vanderford Glacier between 2003 and 2020. Enhanced rates of ice thinning were seen across each of the Vanderford, Adams, Anzac, and Underwood Glaciers between 2017 and 2020. Most importantly, our results confirm extensive grounding line retreat at Vanderford Glacier, measured at 18.6 km between 1996 and 2020. Such rapid grounding line retreat (0.8 km yr-1) is consistent with the notion that warm mCDW is able to access deep cavities formed below the Vanderford Ice Shelf, driving high rates of basal melting. With a retrograde slope observed inland along the Vanderford Trench, such oceanic forcing may have significant implications for the future stability of Vanderford Glacier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building community for people displaced due to armed conflict within the country is a challenging task. The key elements for building community used in post-conflict transition in Mindanao, Philippines, are examined.

A study was conducted to examine the products gas-phase quenched of the completed reactions of B4H10 and ethyne at 70 degrees celsius. Mass spectrometric techniques were utilized to monitor the gas-phase reaction and gas-phase electron diffraction. Results revealed that a wider variety of nido-carboranes and and their derivatives, which were formed by acetylenic C-C and C-H bond cleavages, could be seen after the quenched gas-phase reaction of B4H10 and ethyne.

Abstract: Jellyfish have emerged as a source of next generation collagen that is an attractive alternative to existing sources, such as bovine and porcine, due to a plentiful supply and providing a safer source through lack of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) transmission risk and potential viral vectors, both of which could be transmitted to humans. Here we compare collagen implantable sponges derived for the first time from the Rhizostoma pulmo jellyfish. A further novelty for the research was that there was a comparison for sponges that were either uncrosslinked or crosslinked using 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), and an assessment on how this affected resorption, as well as their biocompatibility compared to bovine type I collagen sponges. The scaffolds were prepared and examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples were implanted in adult male Wistar rats for in vivo experimentation. Both crosslinked and uncrosslinked jellyfish collagen sponges showed a significant reduction in histopathology scores over the course of the study, whereas the bovine collagen sponge scores were not significantly reduced. Both jellyfish collagen sponges and the bovine sponge were tolerated well by the hosts, and a recovery was visible in all samples, suggesting that R. pulmo jellyfish‐derived collagen could offer compelling biocompatibility with wound healing applications. We also demonstrate that noncrosslinked samples could be safer with better resorption times than crosslinked samples. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1524–1533, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viral gene transfer was used to alter expression of GABA receptor a-1 subunits and GAD production to study effects on the audiogenic seizure (AGS) model for epilepsy. Long-Evans rats acoustically [...]