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2. Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape Province: An Early–Middle Pleistocene Paleoenvironmental Sequence for the Interior of South Africa

Author

Horwitz, Liora Kolska, primary, Avery, Margaret D., additional, Bamford, Marion K., additional, Berna, Francesco, additional, Brink†, James S., additional, Ecker, Michaela, additional, Fernandez-Jalvo, Yolanda, additional, Goldberg, Paul, additional, Holt, Sharon, additional, Lee-Thorp, Julia, additional, Matmon, Ari, additional, Pickering, Robyn, additional, Porat, Naomi, additional, Rossouw, Lloyd, additional, Scott, Louis, additional, Shaar, Ron, additional, and Chazan, Michael, additional

Published
2022
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11. Enamel proteins reveal biological sex and genetic variability within southern AfricanParanthropus

Author

Madupe, Palesa P., primary, Koenig, Claire, additional, Patramanis, Ioannis, additional, Rüther, Patrick L., additional, Hlazo, Nomawethu, additional, Mackie, Meaghan, additional, Tawane, Mirriam, additional, Krueger, Johanna, additional, Taurozzi, Alberto J., additional, Troché, Gaudry, additional, Kibii, Job, additional, Pickering, Robyn, additional, Dickinson, Marc, additional, Sahle, Yonatan, additional, Kgotleng, Dipuo, additional, Musiba, Charles, additional, Manthi, Fredrick, additional, Bell, Liam, additional, DuPlessis, Michelle, additional, Gilbert, Catherine, additional, Zipfel, Bernhard, additional, Kuderna, Lukas F. K., additional, Lizano, Esther, additional, Welker, Frido, additional, Kyriakidou, Pelagia, additional, Cox, Jürgen, additional, Mollereau, Catherine, additional, Tokarski, Caroline, additional, Blackburn, Jonathan, additional, Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín, additional, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, additional, Penkman, Kirsty, additional, Zanolli, Clément, additional, Schroeder, Lauren, additional, Racimo, Fernando, additional, Olsen, Jesper V., additional, Ackermann, Rebecca R., additional, and Cappellini, Enrico, additional

Published
2023
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13. U-Series Dating

Author

Pickering, Robyn, Gilbert, Allan S., editor, Goldberg, Paul, Advisory editor, Holliday, Vance T., Advisory editor, Mandel, Rolfe D., Advisory editor, and Sternberg, Robert S., Advisory editor

Published
2017
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14. Geoarchaeological and 3D visualisation approaches for contextualising in-situ fossil bearing palaeokarst in South Africa: A case study from the ∼2.61 Ma Drimolen Makondo

Author

Herries, Andy I.R., Murszewski, Ashleigh, Pickering, Robyn, Mallett, Tom, Joannes-Boyau, Renaud, Armstrong, Brian, Adams, Justin W., Baker, Stephanie, Blackwood, Alex F., Penzo-Kajewski, Paul, Kappen, Peter, Leece, AB, Martin, Jesse, Rovinsky, Douglass, and Boschian, Giovanni

Published
2018
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15. U-Pb-dated flowstones restrict South African early hominin record to dry climate phases

Author

Pickering, Robyn, Herries, Andy I. R., Woodhead, Jon D., Hellstrom, John C., Green, Helen E., Paul, Bence, and Ritzman, Terrence

Subjects
Caves -- Natural history, Fossils -- Physiological aspects -- Natural history, Hominids -- Physiological aspects -- Natural history, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The Cradle of Humankind (Cradle) in South Africa preserves a rich collection of fossil hominins representing Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Homo.sup.1. The ages of these fossils are contentious.sup.2-4 and have compromised the degree to which the South African hominin record can be used to test hypotheses of human evolution. However, uranium-lead (U-Pb) analyses of horizontally bedded layers of calcium carbonate (flowstone) provide a potential opportunity to obtain a robust chronology.sup.5. Flowstones are ubiquitous cave features and provide a palaeoclimatic context, because they grow only during phases of increased effective precipitation.sup.6,7, ideally in closed caves. Here we show that flowstones from eight Cradle caves date to six narrow time intervals between 3.2 and 1.3 million years ago. We use a kernel density estimate to combine 29 U-Pb ages into a single record of flowstone growth intervals. We interpret these as major wet phases, when an increased water supply, more extensive vegetation cover and at least partially closed caves allowed for undisturbed, semi-continuous growth of the flowstones. The intervening times represent substantially drier phases, during which fossils of hominins and other fossils accumulated in open caves. Fossil preservation, restricted to drier intervals, thus biases the view of hominin evolutionary history and behaviour, and places the hominins in a community of comparatively dry-adapted fauna. Although the periods of cave closure leave temporal gaps in the South African fossil record, the flowstones themselves provide valuable insights into both local and pan-African climate variability. Climate-driven periodicity of flowstone accretion between 3.2 and 1.3 million years ago in Cradle of Humankind caves reveals that the presence of hominin fossils reflects accumulation in open caves during intermittent, substantially drier phases., Author(s): Robyn Pickering [sup.1] [sup.2] , Andy I. R. Herries [sup.3] [sup.4] , Jon D. Woodhead [sup.5] , John C. Hellstrom [sup.5] , Helen E. Green [sup.5] , Bence Paul [...]

Published
2019
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18. Appendix: Dating Methods Applied to Azokh Cave Sites

Author

Fernández-Jalvo, Yolanda, Ditchfield, Peter, Grün, Rainer, Lees, Wendy, Aubert, Maxime, Torres, Trinidad, Ortiz, José Eugenio, Bautista, Arantxa Díaz, Pickering, Robyn, Delson, Eric, Series editor, Sargis, Eric J., Series editor, Fernández-Jalvo, Yolanda, editor, King, Tania, editor, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, editor, and Andrews, Peter, editor

Published
2016
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28. Tufas indicate prolonged periods of water availability linked to human occupation in the southern Kalahari

Author

Von Der Meden, Jessica, Pickering, Robyn, Schoville, Benjamin J., Green, Helen, Weij, Rieneke, Hellstrom, John, Greig, Alan, Woodhead, Jon, Khumalo, Wendy, Wilkins, Jayne, Von Der Meden, Jessica, Pickering, Robyn, Schoville, Benjamin J., Green, Helen, Weij, Rieneke, Hellstrom, John, Greig, Alan, Woodhead, Jon, Khumalo, Wendy, and Wilkins, Jayne

Abstract

Detailed, well-dated palaeoclimate and archaeological records are critical for understanding the impact of environmental change on human evolution. Ga-Mohana Hill, in the southern Kalahari, South Africa, preserves a Pleistocene archaeological sequence. Relict tufas at the site are evidence of past flowing streams, waterfalls, and shallow pools. Here, we use laser ablation screening to target material suitable for uranium-thorium dating. We obtained 33 ages covering the last 110 thousand years (ka) and identify five tufa formation episodes at 114–100 ka, 73–48 ka, 44–32 ka, 15–6 ka, and ~3 ka. Three tufa episodes are coincident with the archaeological units at Ga-Mohana Hill dating to ~105 ka, ~31 ka, and ~15 ka. Based on our data and the coincidence of dated layers from other local records, we argue that in the southern Kalahari, from ~240 ka to ~71 ka wet phases and human occupation are coupled, but by ~20 ka during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), they are decoupled.

Published
2022
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39. Appendix: Dating Methods Applied to Azokh Cave Sites

Author

Fernández-Jalvo, Yolanda, primary, Ditchfield, Peter, additional, Grün, Rainer, additional, Lees, Wendy, additional, Aubert, Maxime, additional, Torres, Trinidad, additional, Ortiz, José Eugenio, additional, Bautista, Arantxa Díaz, additional, and Pickering, Robyn, additional

Published
2016
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45. Evaluating model outputs using integrated global speleothem records of climate change since the last glacial

Author

Comas-Bru, Laia, Harrison, Sandy P., Werner, Martin, Rehfeld, Kira, Scroxton, Nick, Veiga-Pires, Cristina, Ahmad, Syed Masood, Brahim, Yassine Ait, Mozhdehi, Sahar Amirnezhad, Arienzo, Monica, Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat, Baker, Andy, Braun, Kerstin, Breitenbach, Sebastian, Burstyn, Yuval, Chawchai, Sakonvan, Columbu, Andrea, Deininger, Michael, Demeny, Attila, Dixon, Bronwyn, Hatvani, Istvan Gabor, Hu, Jun, Kaushal, Nikita, Kern, Zoltan, Labuhn, Inga, Lachniet, Matthew S., Lechleitner, Franziska A., Lorrey, Andrew, Markowska, Monika, Nehme, Carole, Novello, Valdir F., Oster, Jessica, Perez-Mejias, Carlos, Pickering, Robyn, Sekhon, Natasha, Wang, Xianfeng, Warken, Sophie, Atkinson, Tim, Ayalon, Avner, Baldini, James, Bar-Matthews, Miryam, Bernal, Juan Pablo, Boch, Ronny, Borsato, Andrea, Boyd, Meighan, Brierley, Chris, Cai, Yanjun, Carolin, Stacy, Cheng, Hai, Constantin, Silviu, Couchoud, Isabelle, Cruz, Francisco, Denniston, Rhawn, Dragusin, Virgil, Duan, Wuhui, Ersek, Vasile, Finné, Martin, Fleitmann, Dominik, Fohlmeister, Jens, Frappier, Amy, Genty, Dominique, Holzkamper, Steffen, Hopley, Philip, Johnston, Vanessa, Kathayat, Gayatri, Keenan-Jones, Duncan, Koltai, Gabriella, Li, Ting-Yong, Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad, Luetscher, Marc, Mattey, Dave, Moreno, Ana, Moseley, Gina, Psomiadis, David, Ruan, Jiaoyang, Scholz, Denis, Sha, Lijuan, Smith, Andrew Christopher, Strikis, Nicolas, Treble, Pauline, Unal-Imer, Ezgi, Vaks, Anton, Vansteenberge, Stef, Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo G., Wong, Corinne, Wortham, Barbara, Wurtzel, Jennifer, Zhang, Haiwei, Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Comas-Bru L., Harrison S.P., Werner M., Rehfeld K., Scroxton N., Veiga-Pires C., Ahmad S.M., Brahim Y.A., Mozhdehi S.A., Arienzo M., Atsawawaranunt K., Baker A., Braun K., Breitenbach S., Burstyn Y., Chawchai S., Columbu A., Deininger M., Demeny A., Dixon B., Hatvani I.G., Hu J., Kaushal N., Kern Z., Labuhn I., Lachniet M.S., Lechleitner F.A., Lorrey A., Markowska M., Nehme C., Novello V.F., Oster J., Perez-Mejias C., Pickering R., Sekhon N., Wang X., Warken S., Atkinson T., Ayalon A., Baldini J., Bar-Matthews M., Bernal J.P., Boch R., Borsato A., Boyd M., Brierley C., Cai Y., Carolin S., Cheng H., Constantin S., Couchoud I., Cruz F., Denniston R., Dragusin V., Duan W., Ersek V., Finne M., Fleitmann D., Fohlmeister J., Frappier A., Genty D., Holzkamper S., Hopley P., Johnston V., Kathayat G., Keenan-Jones D., Koltai G., Li T.-Y., Lone M.A., Luetscher M., Mattey D., Moreno A., Moseley G., Psomiadis D., Ruan J., Scholz D., Sha L., Smith A.C., Strikis N., Treble P., Unal-Imer E., Vaks A., Vansteenberge S., Voarintsoa N.R.G., Wong C., Wortham B., Wurtzel J., and Zhang H.

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Climate Research, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, lcsh:Environmental protection, Climate Change, Stratigraphy, Speleothem, Climate change, F800, PMIP4 CONTRIBUTION, Geology [Science], 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, STABLE-ISOTOPE VARIATIONS, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Time windows, ddc:550, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Speleothem Records, GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL, ASIAN MONSOON, Glacial period, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, DELTA-O-18 WATER ISOTOPE, Baseline (configuration management), lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Coupled model intercomparison project, Science & Technology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Paleontology, Geology, GROWTH FREQUENCY VARIATIONS, NORTH-ATLANTIC, OXYGEN-ISOTOPE, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Physical Sciences, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Institut für Geowissenschaften, ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, HIGH-RESOLUTION
Abstract

Although quantitative isotope data from speleothems has been used to evaluate isotope-enabled model simulations, currently no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate methodology through which to achieve this. A number of modelling groups will be running isotope-enabled palaeoclimate simulations in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, so it is timely to evaluate different approaches to using the speleothem data for data-model comparisons. Here, we illustrate this using 456 globally distributed speleothem delta O-18 records from an updated version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL) database and palaeoclimate simulations generated using the ECHAM5-wiso isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model. We show that the SISAL records reproduce the first-order spatial patterns of isotopic variability in the modern day, strongly supporting the application of this dataset for evaluating model-derived isotope variability into the past. However, the discontinuous nature of many speleothem records complicates the process of procuring large numbers of records if data-model comparisons are made using the traditional approach of comparing anomalies between a control period and a given palaeoclimate experiment. To circumvent this issue, we illustrate techniques through which the absolute isotope values during any time period could be used for model evaluation. Specifically, we show that speleothem isotope records allow an assessment of a model's ability to simulate spatial isotopic trends. Our analyses provide a protocol for using speleothem isotope data for model evaluation, including screening the observations to take into account the impact of speleothem mineralogy on delta O-18 values, the optimum period for the modern observational baseline and the selection of an appropriate time window for creating means of the isotope data for palaeo-time-slices. European Geosciences Union - W2017/413; Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG); European Association of Geochemistry (Early Career Ambassadors program 2017); Quaternary Research Association UK; Navarino Environmental Observatory, Stockholm University; University College Dublin, Savillex (UK) - SF1428; Ibn Zohr University, Morocco; University of Reading; European Research Council - 694481; Natural Environment Research Council (JPI-Belmont project "PAleao-Constraints on Monsoon Evolution and Dynamics (PACMEDY)"); Geological Survey Ireland - 2017-SC-056; Royal Irish Academy; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - RE3994/2-1; Past Global Changes (PAGES) programme; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2019

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