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114 p, [EU]Ikerketa honen bidez, Gasteizko bost ikastetxek aldaketa-prozesua nola bizi izan duten jakin nahi da. Ikastetxe horiek KOKUK Gizarte eta Hezkuntza Arloko Esku-hartze Elkartearen laguntza izan dute, curriculum ofizial berria garatzeko laguntza gisa. Ildo horretan, azterlanaren helburu nagusiak izan dira, batetik, ebidentziak biltzea, hezkuntza-komunitatean gizarte- eta hezkuntza-arloko esku-hartzeak duen eraginari buruzko kanpoko balorazioa egin ahal izateko, sareko eragileak integratuz, KOKUK Gizarte eta Hezkuntzako Esku-hartze Elkarteak azken 7 urteotan inplementatutako gizarte- eta hezkuntza-arloko esku-hartzearen ereduaren ahuleziak eta ahalmenak identifikatzeko. Eta, bestetik, eskola-eremuko gizarte- eta hezkuntza-arloko esku-hartze berritzailea ikusaraztea, Arabako egungo irakaskuntza-lanaren balio erantsi gisa, Europako esparru integral, global eta iraunkor berri batean jardunbide egoki berritzaileak eta transferigarriak sortzeko, [ES]Esta investigación pretende conocer cómo han vivido el proceso de cambio cinco centros educativos de Vitoria-Gasteiz que han apostado por contar con la colaboración de la Asociación de Intervención Socioeducativa KOKUK como apoyo para el desarrollo del nuevo currículum oficial. En este sentido los objetivos principales del estudio han sido, por un lado, recoger evidencias que permitan hacer una valoración de manera externa sobre el impacto de la intervención socio-educativa en la comunidad educativa integrando a los diferentes agentes en red para identificar las debilidades y potencialidades del modelo de intervención socioeducativa implementado por la Asociación de Intervención Socioeducativa KOKUK durante estos últimos 7 años. Y, por otro lado, visibilizar la intervención socio-educativa innovadora en el ámbito escolar como valor añadido a la labor docente actual en Álava para generar buenas prácticas innovadoras y transferibles en un nuevo marco europeo integral, global y sostenible.

Background and objectives: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the young popula- tion has been suffering from an accumulation of psychological symptoms in northern Spain. The main objectives of this study were (1) to assess whether psychological symptoms persisted after one year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Spain sample of young people, and (2) to analyze whether pandemic-specific variables (having a chronic illness, living with a person who has a chronic illness, having been infected with COVID-19, having a close person who has died or believing that people are respecting the measures imposed) are related to psychological symptomatology. Methods: Symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression were measured using the Depression and Stress Anxiety Scale-21 (DASS-21). An ad hoc online questionnaire was used to collect socio- demographical information related to chronic illnesses of the participants, living with a chroni- cally ill person, contact with a person diagnosed with COVID-19, having people close to them who have died of COVID-19, and their perception of whether or not people respect the health measures. Results: Young people have suffered higher stress, anxiety, and depression levels than at the beginning of the pandemic. Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of addressing young people’s mental health, and ensure that future adults emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic in a psychologically strong state.

[ES] La violencia estructural ejercida hacia las mujeres responde a una sociedad patriarcal enmarcada en la cosmovisión hegemónica. Ante esta realidad, la Autodefensa Feminista contradice la concepción innata de los roles de género y conciencia acerca de la construcción social de los mismos. Esta investigación, pretende indagar sobre las necesidades de las mujeres y los beneficios vinculados a la práctica de la ADF. Para ello se han entrevistado a 10 mujeres que responden al rol de formadoras y alumnas. Posteriormente, se ha realizado un segundo análisis sobre la percepción del miedo de las mujeres en distintas generaciones. El trabajo muestra como resultado principal que, la ADF incide positivamente en el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las mujeres al fortalecer la autoestima y combatir los miedos., [EU] Emakumeen aurkako egiturazko indarkeria kosmobisio hegemonikoan kokatutako gizarte patriarkal bati dagokio. Errealitate horren aurrean, Autodefentsa Feminista kontraesanean dago genero-rolen sortzetiko ikuskerarekin eta rol horien eraikuntza sozialari buruzko kontzientziarekin. Ikerketaren helburua emakumeen beharrak eta ADFren onurak aztertzea da. Horretarako, 10 emakume elkarrizketatu dira, hezitzaile eta ikasle rolari erantzuten diotenak. Ondoren, emakumeek belaunaldi desberdinetan duten beldurraren pertzepzioari buruzko bigarren azterketa bat egin da. Lanaren emaitza nagusia da ADFk eragin positiboa duela emakumeen ongizatean eta bizi-kalitatean, autoestimua sendotzen duelako eta beldurrei aurre egiten dielako., [EN] The structural violence perpetrated on women responds to a patriarchal society delimited in the hegemonic world view. Confronting this reality, the Feminist Autodefense contradicts the innate conception of genre roles and raises awareness about the social construction of such. The current research intends to analyze women's necessities and the benefits of the FAD practice. To this end, 10 women who respond to the role of trainers and pupils have been interviewed. Subsequently, a second analysis has been carried out about fear perception of women from different generations. The research shows as its main outcome that FAD has a positive impact on women's well-being and quality of life by strengthening their self-esteem and fighting their fears.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on societies, economies, and education. In Spain, one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 in the initial year, the virus began to spread at the end of February 2020. When the Spanish government declared a state of emergency, the first restrictive measure was the closure of all educational centers on the 14th of March. All schools and universities were closed until September 2020, when students returned to classes with preventative health measures in place to prevent the spread of the virus. Methods: This study focuses on the observation of children in pre-school education. Specifically, it focuses on studying how preventative health measures that were taken in the pre-schools may have influenced children’s social relationships, basic autonomy, and learning. We used a mixed method in which field notes were taken and observational scores were assigned. Results: The following prevention measures appear to have influenced children’s relationships, autonomy, and learning: bubble groups, handwashing, teachers wearing masks, divided playgrounds so different classes cannot mix, and no toys from home or shared personal objects. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that new health measures such as the use of masks and social distancing do appear to be affecting the communication and development of pre-school children. Continued research is needed to understand and minimize the potential negative impacts of pandemic measures on children’s development.

En el País Vasco ha surgido un fenómeno social en expansión: los espacios juve - niles de ocio autogestionados, comúnmente denominados “lonjas”. El estudio formó parte de una investigación más amplia impulsada desde el Observatorio del Grado de Educación Social del Campus de Bizkaia de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU). El objetivo princi - pal era conocer la imagen que se estaba trasladando de las lonjas como espacios autogestio - nados de la juventud en la provincia de Bizkaia. Para ello, se presenta un estudio longitudinal que abarca el periodo 2006-2019 y que se centra en el análisis de 175 noticias sobre lonjas emitidas en prensa. El proceso de análisis de la información se llevó a cabo a través de la lectura en profundidad de las noticias seleccionadas y de la utilización de técnicas cualitativas de análisis de datos. Asimismo, se realizaron análisis de carácter cuantitativo para describir el conjunto de datos y su distribución. Los resultados mostraron que la prensa refuerza una imagen negativa sobre el fenómeno de las lonjas reproduciendo la visión de la juventud como problema y grupo vulnerable. Se vio necesario reclamar que las medias reflejen la realidad del fenómeno desde la responsabilidad social visibilizando la labor educativa que se está realizando desde el acompañamiento educativo., A growing social phenomenon has emerged in the Basque Country: self-managed youth leisure spaces, commonly called "lonjas". The study formed part of a wider research project promoted by the Observatory for the Degree in Social Education on the Bizkaia Campus of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). The main objective was to find out what image is being conveyed of the commodities exchanges as self-managed spaces for young people in the province of Bizkaia. To this end, a longitudinal study is presented which covers the period 2006-2019 and which focuses on the analysis of 175 news items about fish markets which have been published in the press. The information analysis process was carried out through an in-depth reading of the selected news items and the use of qualitative data analysis techniques. Quantitative analyses were also carried out to describe the data set and its distribution. The results showed that the press reinforces a negative image of the commodities exchange phenomenon by reproducing the view of youth as a problem and a vulnerable group. It is necessary to demand that the media reflect the reality of the phenomenon from the point of view of social responsibility, making visible the educational work that is being carried out through educational accompaniment.

Due to the crisis generated by COVID-19 at a global level, many professionals are working under harsh conditions, and the Basque Country is no exception. On 14 March 2020, the head of the government decreed a state of alarm at the state level, which forced us all to be confined to our homes. This situation directly affected the profession of social educator. In fact, these professionals work with the most vulnerable groups, so working on the front line is mandated, even if this results in a significant risk. The situation of the groups in residential resources cannot be easy due to the stress produced by living together and being locked up, and this directly affects the educators who necessarily work in it. However, the over-exertion that all of this requires, which is a risk, has not been detected nor recognized at the social level. For this reason, the objective of this investigation is to measure the stress of social educators of advanced age who work in residential resources in different zones of the Basque Country (northern Spain). Sixty-seven social educators participated in the case study. Qualitative and quantitative methods were combined for data collection. This questionnaire was conducted through the Google Forms platform. The quantitative data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed by descriptive analysis and frequency contrasts were performed through the SPSS V25 program. We can conclude that it is necessary to take into account the difficulties of this sector and the professionals both at the governmental and social levels. Future research should include responses from both groups and workers in order to guarantee adequate inclusion.

Spain has become one of the European epicenters of coronavirus (COVID-19), a virus that particularly affects the elderly, since this group accounts for the majority of hospitalized cases and has the highest mortality rates. Therefore, the aim of this research is to understand how elderly people represent and emotionally cope with COVID-19 during the days when the pandemic emerged in Spain. Using a qualitative methodology, a free association exercise elicited by the word "COVID-19" was completed by 115 participants (age range: 60-85 years) from the North of Spain. Lexical analysis was used to analyze the content. The results revealed that the government and the mass media are criticized for failing to communicate a clear message, and for giving out information that is both insufficient and contradictory. However, participants are clear that it is essential to follow the guidelines of the scientists and doctors, which are represented as credible sources. However, when the state of alarm and the lockdown of all citizens was declared, most of the participants represented the risk as being associated with the elderly and the pandemic became something that might also affect their families. Due to these circumstances, negative emotions appear such as fear, nervousness, uncertainty, restlessness, and insecurity. Feelings of solitude and loneliness also emerged, and these are represented as being linked to death. These results indicate the need for governments to manage the current situation with the elderly by placing greater emphasis on social and inclusive policies to help alleviate the possible effects of the pandemic and the lockdown

COVID-19, a new emerging infectious disease (EID), has spread throughout the world, including Europe. Spain, in particular, has witnessed a significant outbreak of the pandemic. All classes have been canceled, and the government has declared a state of emergency, ordering the lockdown and confinement of the entire population. All children in the country have been confined to their homes since March 13 and are not allowed to leave at any time. This population is thus facing the harshest restrictions. Given the vulnerable situation of children, the aim of this research is to understand how they represent and emotionally cope with the COVID-19 crisis. A free association exercise elicited by the word "coronavirus" was completed by 228 children (age range: 3-12 years) from the North of Spain. To analyze the content, we employed the Reinert method with Iramuteq software for lexical analysis. The results revealed that children represent the COVID-19 as an enemy that is being fought by the doctors. Children are afraid and worried about catching the virus, but mainly because they think they can infect their grandparents, and this makes them feel guilty. Moreover, the lockdown situation has produced conflicting emotions in the children. On the one hand, they are scared, nervous, lonely, sad, bored, and angry, but they also feel safe, calm, and happy with their families. These results indicate the need for governments to also consider children in their management of the current situation by placing greater emphasis on social and inclusive policies to help alleviate the possible effects that they may suffer as a consequence of the pandemic and the lockdown. In short, there is a need to address the psychological, educational, social, health, and well-being needs of children.

Since March 14, 2020, Spain has been in a state of alarm due to the crisis created by the outbreak of COVID-19. This measure has led to strict levels of lockdown. This situation has led to an increase in anxiety levels among the younger population. For this reason, an intervention was carried out on university voluntary participants in order to help lower their anxiety levels. Specifically, a telematic workshop was implemented to teach emotional literacy and relaxation techniques combined with the practice of the techniques in an autonomous manner. Anxiety measurements were taken before and after the workshop using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) scale. The results show that Jacobson's progressive relaxation techniques, Schultz's autogenic training, abdominal relaxations, and visualizations are effective in lowering the anxiety levels of university students as an alternative to pharmacotherapy.

En marzo de 2020, el virus SARS-CoV-2 procedente de China ha llegado a España y desde el 14 de marzo se ha declarado el estado de alarma en todo el Estado español, llevando al confinamiento a toda la población. La presente investigación se contextualiza en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (situada al norte de España). Se han analizado los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión a la llegada del virus y se han estudiado los niveles de sintomatología psicológica según edad, cronicidad y confinamiento. Se ha recogido una muestra de 976 personas y la medición de las variables ansiedad, estrés y depresión se ha hecho mediante la escala DASS (Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés). Los resultados demuestran que, aunque los niveles de sintomatología han sido bajos en general al principio de la alarma, la población más joven y con enfermedades crónicas ha referido sintomatología más alta que el resto de población. También se ha detectado un mayor nivel de sintomatología a partir del confinamiento, donde las personas tienen prohibido salir de sus casas. Se prevé que la sintomatología aumentará según vaya transcurriendo el confinamiento. Se defienden intervenciones psicológicas de prevención y tratamiento para bajar el impacto psicológico que pueda crear esta pandemia., Em março de 2020, o vírus SARS-CoV-2, procedente da China, chegou à Espanha e desde 14 de março está declarado estado de emergência em todo o país, forçando toda a população ao confinamento. O presente estudo foi conduzido no País Basco (norte da Espanha). Foram analisados os níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão desde a introdução do vírus e os níveis de sintomas psicológicos segundo idade, comorbidades e confinamento. A amostra foi composta de 976 indivíduos e a medição das variáveis ansiedade, estresse e depressão foi realizada a partir do intrumento DASS (Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse). Os resultados mostram que, ainda que os níveis de sintomas tenham sido baixos no início do confinamento, os indivíduos mais jovens e com comorbidades referiram mais sintomas que o restante da população. Também se detectou maior nível de sintomas desde o confinamento, quando a população foi proibida de sair de suas casas. Se prevê aumento dos sintomas conforme o confimaneto continuar. Intervenções psicológicas de prevenção e tratamento são necessárias para diminuir o impacto psicológico causado pela pandemia.

Spain has been in a state of emergency since 14th March due to the COVID-19 crisis. This state of emergency means that the population must comply with strict rules such as lockdown (confinement to their homes except for essential trips) and social distancing. The aim of this study was to examine the psychological state of the general population in a sample recruited in Northern Spain. Sociodemographic and psychological data were gathered, assessing variables such as stress, anxiety, and depression. A questionnaire was administered at the beginning of the lockdown and three weeks later. The sample was recruited using an online questionnaire by means of a non-probabilistic snowball sampling methodology. A total of 1,933 people participated in this study. The results reveal that more than a quarter of the participants have reported symptoms of depression (27.5%), anxiety (26.9%) and stress (26.5%) and as the time spent in lockdown has progressed, psychological symptoms have risen. In relation to gender, data indicate that men have higher levels of depression than women, and similar levels of anxiety and stress. Greater symptomatology has also been found among the younger population and in people with chronic diseases. We discuss the need to continue carrying out these types of studies to prevent and treat psychological problems that could emerge amidst this pandemic.

Transgender people suffer from others’ negative attitudes in many situations. The university context is one environment where further progress has to be made to ensure the inclusion of transgender people. In this study, a sample of 376 undergraduate students was collected and their attitudes towards transgender people were analyzed. A comparison was made between number of years in university, and a sample from the general public. In addition, comparisons were made by gender, since the literature shows more negative attitudes toward transgender people in men than in women. The results show relatively positive attitudes toward transgender people among higher education students, but they have little knowledge of transgender identity. In turn, researchers found significant differences between different years in the university and between genders. These results support the need to expand knowledge about transgender people in the university environment.

In Spain, Social Educators, similar to both social workers and educators in the United States, help coordinate social change through educational interventions and mobilization of social groups to benefit marginalized people and overall societal welfare. They are trained to work with diverse populations, and it is important that they have awareness and training on gender and transgender issues given the extensive discrimination that transgender people endue. Research has begun to identify the important role that knowledge and attitudes of health and educational professionals may play in providing a supportive, healing context to combat the harmful effects of this discrimination and how educational trainings may foster improved knowledge and attitudes in helping professions. This study describes a program to improve knowledge and positive attitudes toward gender and especially transgender people in university students who study Social Education. The researchers measured knowledge and attitudes toward gender and transgender people issues of 64 students before and after receiving a 4-month interactive training. They used the Short Form of the Genderism and Transphobia Scale, a 12-item scale of transphobia and gender ideology variables. The researchers also asked participants about their knowledge of gender and transgender issues before and after training. The methodological experience "Creative Factory" was employed as an interactive training program. The main goal of this methodology is to enable students in a formative context to analyze social realities to generate discussion and innovate ideas to design successful practices. After 4 months of training with a weekly session on gender and transgender learning, students showed improvements in knowledge and attitudes toward both gender and transgender people. Specifically, students demonstrated more knowledge about gender and transgender issues and more positive attitudes toward transgender people. The study demonstrate