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Uncontrolled extracellular matrix ( ECM) production by fibroblasts in response to injury contributes to fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF). Reactive oxygen species ( ROS) generation is involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. Transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1) stimulates the production of NADPH oxidase 4 ( NOX4)-dependent ROS, promoting lung fibrosis ( LF). Dysregulation of micro RNAs (mi RNAs) has been shown to contribute to LF. To identify mi RNAs involved in redox regulation relevant for IPF, we performed arrays in human lung fibroblasts exposed to ROS. miR-9-5p was selected as the best candidate and we demonstrate its inhibitory effect on TGF-β receptor type II ( TGFBR2) and NOX4 expression. Increased expression of miR-9-5p abrogates TGF-β1-dependent myofibroblast phenotypic transformation. In the mouse model of bleomycin-induced LF, miR-9-5p dramatically reduces fibrogenesis and inhibition of miR-9-5p and prevents its anti-fibrotic effect both in vitro and in vivo. In lung specimens from patients with IPF, high levels of miR-9-5p are found. In omentum-derived mesothelial cells ( MCs) from patients subjected to peritoneal dialysis ( PD), miR-9-5p also inhibits mesothelial to myofibroblast transformation. We propose that TGF-β1 induces miR-9-5p expression as a self-limiting homeostatic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: Identify presurgical factors associated with surgical remission in Cushing's disease (CD)., Methods: All the patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's Syndrome in follow-up at our centre between 2014-2021 (n=40) were identified. Those patients with CD diagnosis who underwent transsphenoidal surgery by the same neurosurgeon (n=32) were included. Surgical remission was defined as plasma cortisol <1.8μg/dl and normal or low urinary free cortisol (UFC) after surgery., Results: Sixty-three per cent (n=20) were women, and the mean age at diagnosis was 42.3±17.9 years. Six patients had macroadenomas, 17 had microadenomas, and in the other 9 patients, no pituitary lesion was identified on the MRI. Seven patients were previously operated on in another centre. Surgical remission was achieved in 75% (n=24). Only three patients experienced recurrence. No association between pre-surgical demographic (age, sex, comorbidities) or hormonal (UFC, ACTH, late-night salivary cortisol levels) characteristics and the probability of surgical remission was observed. The only variable associated with a greater chance of remission was the presurgical visualisation of the adenoma on MRI (OR 8.3, P=0.02). It was also observed that patients with a history of a previous pituitary surgery had a lower tendency to achieve remission, although statistical significance was not reached (OR 0.17, P=0.09)., Conclusions: In our experience, 75% of patients with CD achieved biochemical cure after the intervention. Surgical remission was up to eight times more frequent in those patients in whom the adenoma was visualised before the intervention, but no other presurgical predictive factors of cure were identified., (Copyright © 2021 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The inflammatory pseudotumour (IPT) is a non-neoplastic entity of unknown origin, and is characterised by a proliferation of connective tissue and a polyclonal inflammatory infiltrate. Central nervous system involvement is uncommon, and usually represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge even for the experienced clinician. This reports deals with the case of a 56year-old woman diagnosed with a giant, infiltrating mass centred in the left cavernous sinus, who had a rapid clinical and radiological response to steroid therapy. Biopsy specimens were diagnostic for IPT. The progression of a small orbital residual lesion was detected after steroid withdrawal. Treatment with cyclophosphamide induced a complete response that remains stable after six years of follow-up., (Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)