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1. JWST ice band profiles reveal mixed ice compositions in the HH 48 NE disk

Author

Bergner, Jennifer B., Sturm, J. A., Piacentino, Elettra L., McClure, M. K., Oberg, Karin I., Boogert, A. C. A., Dartois, E., Drozdovskaya, M. N., Fraser, H. J., Harsono, Daniel, Ioppolo, Sergio, Law, Charles J., Lis, Dariusz C., McGuire, Brett A., Melnick, Gary J., Noble, Jennifer A., Palumbo, M. E., Pendleton, Yvonne J., Perotti, Giulia, Qasim, Danna, Rocha, W. R. M., and van Dishoeck, E. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Planet formation is strongly influenced by the composition and distribution of volatiles within protoplanetary disks. With JWST, it is now possible to obtain direct observational constraints on disk ices, as recently demonstrated by the detection of ice absorption features towards the edge-on HH 48 NE disk as part of the Ice Age Early Release Science program. Here, we introduce a new radiative transfer modeling framework designed to retrieve the composition and mixing status of disk ices using their band profiles, and apply it to interpret the H2O, CO2, and CO ice bands observed towards the HH 48 NE disk. We show that the ices are largely present as mixtures, with strong evidence for CO trapping in both H2O and CO2 ice. The HH 48 NE disk ice composition (pure vs. polar vs. apolar fractions) is markedly different from earlier protostellar stages, implying thermal and/or chemical reprocessing during the formation or evolution of the disk. We infer low ice-phase C/O ratios around 0.1 throughout the disk, and also demonstrate that the mixing and entrapment of disk ices can dramatically affect the radial dependence of the C/O ratio. It is therefore imperative that realistic disk ice compositions are considered when comparing planetary compositions with potential formation scenarios, which will fortunately be possible for an increasing number of disks with JWST., Comment: Accepted to ApJ. 24 pages, 15 figures

Published
2024

2. Data-Driven Pixel Control: Challenges and Prospects

Author

Farkya, Saurabh, Daniels, Zachary Alan, Raghavan, Aswin, van der Wal, Gooitzen, Isnardi, Michael, Piacentino, Michael, and Zhang, David

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

Recent advancements in sensors have led to high resolution and high data throughput at the pixel level. Simultaneously, the adoption of increasingly large (deep) neural networks (NNs) has lead to significant progress in computer vision. Currently, visual intelligence comes at increasingly high computational complexity, energy, and latency. We study a data-driven system that combines dynamic sensing at the pixel level with computer vision analytics at the video level and propose a feedback control loop to minimize data movement between the sensor front-end and computational back-end without compromising detection and tracking precision. Our contributions are threefold: (1) We introduce anticipatory attention and show that it leads to high precision prediction with sparse activation of pixels; (2) Leveraging the feedback control, we show that the dimensionality of learned feature vectors can be significantly reduced with increased sparsity; and (3) We emulate analog design choices (such as varying RGB or Bayer pixel format and analog noise) and study their impact on the key metrics of the data-driven system. Comparative analysis with traditional pixel and deep learning models shows significant performance enhancements. Our system achieves a 10X reduction in bandwidth and a 15-30X improvement in Energy-Delay Product (EDP) when activating only 30% of pixels, with a minor reduction in object detection and tracking precision. Based on analog emulation, our system can achieve a throughput of 205 megapixels/sec (MP/s) with a power consumption of only 110 mW per MP, i.e., a theoretical improvement of ~30X in EDP., Comment: Accepted to the Conference on Dynamic Data-Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS2024)

Published
2024

3. Detailed Report on the Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm

Author

Aguillard, D. P., Albahri, T., Allspach, D., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, L., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Barzi, E., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Braun, S., Bressler, M., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Charity, S., Chen, C., Cheng, M., Chislett, R., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Claessens, C., Convery, M. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Sciascio, G., Donati, S., Drendel, B., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Edmonds, A., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Foster, S. B., Friedsam, H., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Gaines, I., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Goodenough, L., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hess, E., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Hu, T., Hu, Y., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D. S., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Krylov, V. A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lu, Z., Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Mitra, B., Morgan, J. P., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Ng, J. K., Nguyen, H., Oksuzian, Y., Omarov, Z., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Qureshi, M. U. H., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Reimann, R., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Sakurai, M., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Sorbara, M., Stapleton, J., Still, D., Stöckinger, D., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wu, Y., Yu, B., Yucel, M., Zeng, Y., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present details on a new measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly, $a_\mu = (g_\mu -2)/2$. The result is based on positive muon data taken at Fermilab's Muon Campus during the 2019 and 2020 accelerator runs. The measurement uses $3.1$ GeV$/c$ polarized muons stored in a $7.1$-m-radius storage ring with a $1.45$ T uniform magnetic field. The value of $ a_{\mu}$ is determined from the measured difference between the muon spin precession frequency and its cyclotron frequency. This difference is normalized to the strength of the magnetic field, measured using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The ratio is then corrected for small contributions from beam motion, beam dispersion, and transient magnetic fields. We measure $a_\mu = 116 592 057 (25) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.21 ppm). This is the world's most precise measurement of this quantity and represents a factor of $2.2$ improvement over our previous result based on the 2018 dataset. In combination, the two datasets yield $a_\mu(\text{FNAL}) = 116 592 055 (24) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.20 ppm). Combining this with the measurements from Brookhaven National Laboratory for both positive and negative muons, the new world average is $a_\mu$(exp) $ = 116 592 059 (22) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.19 ppm)., Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures; 4 pages of Supplement Material; version accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2024

4. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm

Author

Aguillard, D. P., Albahri, T., Allspach, D., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, L., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Barzi, E., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Braun, S., Bressler, M., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Charity, S., Chen, C., Cheng, M., Chislett, R., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Claessens, C., Convery, M. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Sciascio, G., Drendel, B., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Edmonds, A., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Foster, S. B., Friedsam, H., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Gaines, I., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Goodenough, L., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hess, E., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Hu, T., Hu, Y., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D. S., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Krylov, V. A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lu, Z., Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Mitra, B., Morgan, J. P., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Ng, J. K., Nguyen, H., Oksuzian, Y., Omarov, Z., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Qureshi, M. U. H., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Reimann, R., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Sorbara, M., Stapleton, J., Still, D., Stöckinger, D., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wu, Y., Yu, B., Yucel, M., Zeng, Y., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a new measurement of the positive muon magnetic anomaly, $a_\mu \equiv (g_\mu - 2)/2$, from the Fermilab Muon $g\!-\!2$ Experiment using data collected in 2019 and 2020. We have analyzed more than 4 times the number of positrons from muon decay than in our previous result from 2018 data. The systematic error is reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to better running conditions, a more stable beam, and improved knowledge of the magnetic field weighted by the muon distribution, $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, and of the anomalous precession frequency corrected for beam dynamics effects, $\omega_a$. From the ratio $\omega_a / \tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, together with precisely determined external parameters, we determine $a_\mu = 116\,592\,057(25) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.21 ppm). Combining this result with our previous result from the 2018 data, we obtain $a_\mu\text{(FNAL)} = 116\,592\,055(24) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.20 ppm). The new experimental world average is $a_\mu (\text{Exp}) = 116\,592\,059(22)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.19 ppm), which represents a factor of 2 improvement in precision., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023
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5. Efficient Model Adaptation for Continual Learning at the Edge

Author

Daniels, Zachary A., Hu, Jun, Lomnitz, Michael, Miller, Phil, Raghavan, Aswin, Zhang, Joe, Piacentino, Michael, and Zhang, David

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Most machine learning (ML) systems assume stationary and matching data distributions during training and deployment. This is often a false assumption. When ML models are deployed on real devices, data distributions often shift over time due to changes in environmental factors, sensor characteristics, and task-of-interest. While it is possible to have a human-in-the-loop to monitor for distribution shifts and engineer new architectures in response to these shifts, such a setup is not cost-effective. Instead, non-stationary automated ML (AutoML) models are needed. This paper presents the Encoder-Adaptor-Reconfigurator (EAR) framework for efficient continual learning under domain shifts. The EAR framework uses a fixed deep neural network (DNN) feature encoder and trains shallow networks on top of the encoder to handle novel data. The EAR framework is capable of 1) detecting when new data is out-of-distribution (OOD) by combining DNNs with hyperdimensional computing (HDC), 2) identifying low-parameter neural adaptors to adapt the model to the OOD data using zero-shot neural architecture search (ZS-NAS), and 3) minimizing catastrophic forgetting on previous tasks by progressively growing the neural architecture as needed and dynamically routing data through the appropriate adaptors and reconfigurators for handling domain-incremental and class-incremental continual learning. We systematically evaluate our approach on several benchmark datasets for domain adaptation and demonstrate strong performance compared to state-of-the-art algorithms for OOD detection and few-/zero-shot NAS., Comment: Unpublished White Paper

Published
2023

9. System Design for an Integrated Lifelong Reinforcement Learning Agent for Real-Time Strategy Games

Author

Sur, Indranil, Daniels, Zachary, Rahman, Abrar, Faber, Kamil, Gallardo, Gianmarco J., Hayes, Tyler L., Taylor, Cameron E., Gurbuz, Mustafa Burak, Smith, James, Joshi, Sahana, Japkowicz, Nathalie, Baron, Michael, Kira, Zsolt, Kanan, Christopher, Corizzo, Roberto, Divakaran, Ajay, Piacentino, Michael, Hostetler, Jesse, and Raghavan, Aswin

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

As Artificial and Robotic Systems are increasingly deployed and relied upon for real-world applications, it is important that they exhibit the ability to continually learn and adapt in dynamically-changing environments, becoming Lifelong Learning Machines. Continual/lifelong learning (LL) involves minimizing catastrophic forgetting of old tasks while maximizing a model's capability to learn new tasks. This paper addresses the challenging lifelong reinforcement learning (L2RL) setting. Pushing the state-of-the-art forward in L2RL and making L2RL useful for practical applications requires more than developing individual L2RL algorithms; it requires making progress at the systems-level, especially research into the non-trivial problem of how to integrate multiple L2RL algorithms into a common framework. In this paper, we introduce the Lifelong Reinforcement Learning Components Framework (L2RLCF), which standardizes L2RL systems and assimilates different continual learning components (each addressing different aspects of the lifelong learning problem) into a unified system. As an instantiation of L2RLCF, we develop a standard API allowing easy integration of novel lifelong learning components. We describe a case study that demonstrates how multiple independently-developed LL components can be integrated into a single realized system. We also introduce an evaluation environment in order to measure the effect of combining various system components. Our evaluation environment employs different LL scenarios (sequences of tasks) consisting of Starcraft-2 minigames and allows for the fair, comprehensive, and quantitative comparison of different combinations of components within a challenging common evaluation environment., Comment: The Second International Conference on AIML Systems, October 12--15, 2022, Bangalore, India

Published
2022
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10. The ASIMOV Prize for scientific publishing -- HEP researchers trigger young people toward science

Author

Ventura, Andrea, Alberico, Wanda Maria, Antolini, Roberta, Arezzini, Silvia, Bellagamba, Lorenzo, Cavallo, Nicola, Cecchi, Claudia, Cherubini, Silvio, Colalillo, Roberta, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Distefano, Carla, Fuso, Silvano, Galati, Giuliana, Hueting, Rebecca, Leone, Sandra, Lissia, Marcello, Miozzi, Silvia, Mura, Daniele, Papa, Alessandro, Parisi, Anna, Piacentino, Giovanni Maria, Puggioni, Carlo, Radici, Marco, Sebastiani, Sonia, Sidoti, Antonio, Silvestris, Lucia, Tuveri, Matteo, Ursini, Fabrizio, Vigezzi, Enrico, Vissani, Francesco, and Vitali, David

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - Physics Education
Abstract

This work presents the ASIMOV Prize for scientific publishing, which was launched in Italy in 2016. The prize aims to bring the young generations closer to scientific culture, through the critical reading of popular science books. The books are selected by a committee that includes scientists, professors, Ph.D. and Ph.D. students, writers, journalists and friends of culture, and most importantly, over 800 school teachers. Students are actively involved in the prize, according to the best practices of public engagement: they read, review the books and vote for them, choosing the winner. The experience is quite successful: 12,000 students from 270 schools all over Italy participated in the last edition. The possibility of replicating this experience in other countries is indicated, as was done in Brazil in 2020 with more than encouraging results., Comment: Presented at ICHEP 2022 (Bologna, 6-13 July 2022)

Published
2022
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11. Computational Estimation of the Binding Energies of POx and HPOx (x=2,3) Species

Author

Piacentino, Elettra L. and Öberg, Karin I.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

The distribution of molecules between the gas and solid phase during star and planet formation, determines the trajectory of gas and grain surface chemistry, as well as the delivery of elements to nascent planets. This distribution is primarily set by the binding energies of different molecules to water ice surfaces. We computationally estimated the binding energies of ten astrochemically relevant P-bearing species on water surface, we also validate our method for 20 species with known binding energies. We used DFT calculations (M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ) to calculate the energetics of molecules and water-molecule clusters (1-3 H$_2$O molecules) and from this determined the binding energy by comparing the complex and the separate molecule and cluster energies. We also explore whether these estimates can be improved by first calibrating our computational method using experimentally measured binding energies. Using the 20 reference molecules we find that the 2H$_2$O cluster size yields the best binding energy estimates and that the application of a calibration to the data may improve the results for some classes of molecules, including more refractory species. Based on these calculations we find that, small P-bearing molecules such as PH$_3$, PN, PO, HPO, PO$_2$ and POOH are relatively volatile and should desorb prior or concomitantly with water ice, while H$_2$PO, HPO$_2$, PO$_3$, PO$_2$OH can strongly bind to any hydroxylated surface, and will likely remain on the interstellar grains surface past the desorbtion of water ice. The depletion of P-carriers on grains constitute a pathway for the inclusion of Phosphorous molecules in planets and planetesimals.

Published
2022
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12. Low-power In-pixel Computing with Current-modulated Switched Capacitors

Author

Zhang, David, van der Wal, Gooitzen, Farkya, Saurabh, Senko, Thomas, Raghavan, Aswin, Isnardi, Michael, and Piacentino, Michael

Subjects
Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract

We present a scalable in-pixel processing architecture that can reduce the data throughput by 10X and consume less than 30 mW per megapixel at the imager frontend. Unlike the state-of-the-art (SOA) analog process-in-pixel (PIP) that modulates the exposure time of photosensors when performing matrix-vector multiplications, we use switched capacitors and pulse width modulation (PWM). This non-destructive approach decouples the sensor exposure and computing, providing processing parallelism and high data fidelity. Our design minimizes the computational complexity and chip density by leveraging the patch-based feature extraction that can perform as well as the CNN. We further reduce data using partial observation of the attended objects, which performs closely to the full frame observations. We have been studying the reduction of output features as a function of accuracy, chip density and power consumption from a transformer-based backend model for object classification and detection., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022

13. Formation of c-C6H5CN ice using the SPACE TIGER experimental setup

Author

Maksyutenko, Pavlo, Martin-Domenech, Rafael, Piacentino, Elettra, Oberg, Karin I., and Rajappan, Mahesh

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Benzonitrile (c-C6H5CN) has been recently detected in cold and dense regions of the interstellar medium (ISM), where it has been used as a signpost of a rich aromatic organic chemistry that might lead to the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). One possible origin of this benzonitrile is interstellar ice chemistry involving benzene (c-C6H6) and nitrile molecules (organic molecules containing the -CN group). We have addressed the plausibility of this c-C6H5CN formation pathway through laboratory experiments using our new setup SPACE TIGER. The SPACE TIGER experimental setup is designed to explore the physics and chemistry of interstellar ice mantles using laser-based ice processing and product detection methods. We have found that c-C6H5CN is formed upon irradiation of c-C6H6$:CH3CN binary ice mixtures with 2 keV electrons and Lyman-alpha photons at low temperatures (4-10 K). Formation of c-C6H5CN was also observed when c-C6H6 and CH3CN were embedded in a CO ice matrix, but it was efficiently quenched in a H2O ice matrix. The results presented in this work imply that interstellar ice chemistry involving benzene and nitrile molecules could contribute to the formation of the observed benzonitrile only if these species are present on top of the ice mantles or embedded in the CO-rich ice layer, instead of being mixed into the H2O-rich ice layer.

Published
2022
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14. miR-203 secreted in extracellular vesicles mediates the communication between neural crest and placode cells required for trigeminal ganglia formation.

Author

Yanel E Bernardi, Estefania Sanchez-Vasquez, Rocío Belén Márquez, Michael L Piacentino, Hugo Urrutia, Izadora Rossi, Karina L Alcântara Saraiva, Antonio Pereira-Neves, Marcel I Ramirez, Marianne E Bronner, Natalia de Miguel, and Pablo H Strobl-Mazzulla

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

While interactions between neural crest and placode cells are critical for the proper formation of the trigeminal ganglion, the mechanisms underlying this process remain largely uncharacterized. Here, by using chick embryos, we show that the microRNA (miR)-203, whose epigenetic repression is required for neural crest migration, is reactivated in coalescing and condensing trigeminal ganglion cells. Overexpression of miR-203 induces ectopic coalescence of neural crest cells and increases ganglion size. By employing cell-specific electroporations for either miR-203 sponging or genomic editing using CRISPR/Cas9, we elucidated that neural crest cells serve as the source, while placode cells serve as the site of action for miR-203 in trigeminal ganglion condensation. Demonstrating intercellular communication, overexpression of miR-203 in the neural crest in vitro or in vivo represses an miR-responsive sensor in placode cells. Moreover, neural crest-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), visualized using pHluorin-CD63 vector, become incorporated into the cytoplasm of placode cells. Finally, RT-PCR analysis shows that small EVs isolated from condensing trigeminal ganglia are selectively loaded with miR-203. Together, our findings reveal a critical role in vivo for neural crest-placode communication mediated by sEVs and their selective microRNA cargo for proper trigeminal ganglion formation.

Published
2024
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16. Learning with Local Gradients at the Edge

Author

Lomnitz, Michael, Daniels, Zachary, Zhang, David, and Piacentino, Michael

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

To enable learning on edge devices with fast convergence and low memory, we present a novel backpropagation-free optimization algorithm dubbed Target Projection Stochastic Gradient Descent (tpSGD). tpSGD generalizes direct random target projection to work with arbitrary loss functions and extends target projection for training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in addition to feedforward networks. tpSGD uses layer-wise stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and local targets generated via random projections of the labels to train the network layer-by-layer with only forward passes. tpSGD doesn't require retaining gradients during optimization, greatly reducing memory allocation compared to SGD backpropagation (BP) methods that require multiple instances of the entire neural network weights, input/output, and intermediate results. Our method performs comparably to BP gradient-descent within 5% accuracy on relatively shallow networks of fully connected layers, convolutional layers, and recurrent layers. tpSGD also outperforms other state-of-the-art gradient-free algorithms in shallow models consisting of multi-layer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and RNNs with competitive accuracy and less memory and time. We evaluate the performance of tpSGD in training deep neural networks (e.g. VGG) and extend the approach to multi-layer RNNs. These experiments highlight new research directions related to optimized layer-based adaptor training for domain-shift using tpSGD at the edge.

Published
2022

17. Model-Free Generative Replay for Lifelong Reinforcement Learning: Application to Starcraft-2

Author

Daniels, Zachary, Raghavan, Aswin, Hostetler, Jesse, Rahman, Abrar, Sur, Indranil, Piacentino, Michael, and Divakaran, Ajay

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

One approach to meet the challenges of deep lifelong reinforcement learning (LRL) is careful management of the agent's learning experiences, to learn (without forgetting) and build internal meta-models (of the tasks, environments, agents, and world). Generative replay (GR) is a biologically inspired replay mechanism that augments learning experiences with self-labelled examples drawn from an internal generative model that is updated over time. We present a version of GR for LRL that satisfies two desiderata: (a) Introspective density modelling of the latent representations of policies learned using deep RL, and (b) Model-free end-to-end learning. In this paper, we study three deep learning architectures for model-free GR, starting from a na\"ive GR and adding ingredients to achieve (a) and (b). We evaluate our proposed algorithms on three different scenarios comprising tasks from the Starcraft-2 and Minigrid domains. We report several key findings showing the impact of the design choices on quantitative metrics that include transfer learning, generalization to unseen tasks, fast adaptation after task change, performance wrt task expert, and catastrophic forgetting. We observe that our GR prevents drift in the features-to-action mapping from the latent vector space of a deep RL agent. We also show improvements in established lifelong learning metrics. We find that a small random replay buffer significantly increases the stability of training. Overall, we find that "hidden replay" (a well-known architecture for class-incremental classification) is the most promising approach that pushes the state-of-the-art in GR for LRL and observe that the architecture of the sleep model might be more important for improving performance than the types of replay used. Our experiments required only 6% of training samples to achieve 80-90% of expert performance in most Starcraft-2 scenarios., Comment: Accepted to the First Conference on Lifelong Learning Agents (CoLLAs 2022)

Published
2022

18. Real-time Hyper-Dimensional Reconfiguration at the Edge using Hardware Accelerators

Author

Kandaswamy, Indhumathi, Farkya, Saurabh, Daniels, Zachary, van der Wal, Gooitzen, Raghavan, Aswin, Zhang, Yuzheng, Hu, Jun, Lomnitz, Michael, Isnardi, Michael, Zhang, David, and Piacentino, Michael

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract

In this paper we present Hyper-Dimensional Reconfigurable Analytics at the Tactical Edge (HyDRATE) using low-SWaP embedded hardware that can perform real-time reconfiguration at the edge leveraging non-MAC (free of floating-point MultiplyACcumulate operations) deep neural nets (DNN) combined with hyperdimensional (HD) computing accelerators. We describe the algorithm, trained quantized model generation, and simulated performance of a feature extractor free of multiply-accumulates feeding a hyperdimensional logic-based classifier. Then we show how performance increases with the number of hyperdimensions. We describe the realized low-SWaP FPGA hardware and embedded software system compared to traditional DNNs and detail the implemented hardware accelerators. We discuss the measured system latency and power, noise robustness due to use of learnable quantization and HD computing, actual versus simulated system performance for a video activity classification task and demonstration of reconfiguration on this same dataset. We show that reconfigurability in the field is achieved by retraining only the feed-forward HD classifier without gradient descent backpropagation (gradient-free), using few-shot learning of new classes at the edge. Initial work performed used LRCN DNN and is currently extended to use Two-stream DNN with improved performance., Comment: 9 pages, 15 figures. Will be presented in Embedded Vision Workshop at CVPR2022

Published
2022

19. Saccade Mechanisms for Image Classification, Object Detection and Tracking

Author

Farkya, Saurabh, Daniels, Zachary, Raghavan, Aswin Nadamuni, Zhang, David, and Piacentino, Michael

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Abstract

We examine how the saccade mechanism from biological vision can be used to make deep neural networks more efficient for classification and object detection problems. Our proposed approach is based on the ideas of attention-driven visual processing and saccades, miniature eye movements influenced by attention. We conduct experiments by analyzing: i) the robustness of different deep neural network (DNN) feature extractors to partially-sensed images for image classification and object detection, and ii) the utility of saccades in masking image patches for image classification and object tracking. Experiments with convolutional nets (ResNet-18) and transformer-based models (ViT, DETR, TransTrack) are conducted on several datasets (CIFAR-10, DAVSOD, MSCOCO, and MOT17). Our experiments show intelligent data reduction via learning to mimic human saccades when used in conjunction with state-of-the-art DNNs for classification, detection, and tracking tasks. We observed minimal drop in performance for the classification and detection tasks while only using about 30\% of the original sensor data. We discuss how the saccade mechanism can inform hardware design via ``in-pixel'' processing., Comment: 4 Pages, 6 figures, will be presented at CVPR2022-NeuroVision workshop as a Lightning talk

Published
2022

20. The storage ring proton EDM experiment

Author

Alexander, Jim, Anastassopoulos, Vassilis, Baartman, Rick, Baeßler, Stefan, Bedeschi, Franco, Berz, Martin, Blaskiewicz, Michael, Bowcock, Themis, Brown, Kevin, Budker, Dmitry, Burdin, Sergey, Casey, Brendan C., Casse, Gianluigi, Cantatore, Giovanni, Chupp, Timothy, Davoudiasl, Hooman, Denisov, Dmitri, Diwan, Milind V., Fanourakis, George, Gardikiotis, Antonios, Gatti, Claudio, Gooding, James, Fatemi, Renee, Fischer, Wolfram, Graham, Peter, Gray, Frederick, Haciomeroglu, Selcuk, Hoffstaetter, Georg H., Huang, Haixin, Incagli, Marco, Jeong, Hoyong, Kaplan, David, Karuza, Marin, Kawall, David, Kim, On, Koop, Ivan, Lebedev, Valeri, Lee, Jonathan, Lee, Soohyung, Lusiani, Alberto, Marciano, William J., Maroudas, Marios, Matlashov, Andrei, Meot, Francois, Miller, James P., Morse, William M., Mott, James, Omarov, Zhanibek, Ozben, Cenap, Park, SeongTae, Piacentino, Giovanni Maria, Podobedov, Boris, Poelker, Matthew, Pocanic, Dinko, Price, Joe, Raparia, Deepak, Rajendran, Surjeet, Rescia, Sergio, Roberts, B. Lee, Semertzidis, Yannis K., Silenko, Alexander, Soni, Amarjit, Stephenson, Edward, Suleiman, Riad, Syphers, Michael, Thoerngren, Pia, Tishchenko, Volodya, Tsoupas, Nicholaos, Tzamarias, Spyros, Variola, Alessandro, Venanzoni, Graziano, Vilella, Eva, Vossebeld, Joost, Winter, Peter, Won, Eunil, Zelenski, Anatoli, and Zioutas, Konstantin

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We describe a proposal to search for an intrinsic electric dipole moment (EDM) of the proton with a sensitivity of \targetsens, based on the vertical rotation of the polarization of a stored proton beam. The New Physics reach is of order $10^~3$TeV mass scale. Observation of the proton EDM provides the best probe of CP-violation in the Higgs sector, at a level of sensitivity that may be inaccessible to electron-EDM experiments. The improvement in the sensitivity to $\theta_{QCD}$, a parameter crucial in axion and axion dark matter physics, is about three orders of magnitude.

Published
2022

21. Temporal changes in plasma membrane lipid content induce endocytosis to regulate developmental epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Author

Piacentino, Michael L, Hutchins, Erica J, Andrews, Cecelia J, and Bronner, Marianne E

Subjects
Congenital Structural Anomalies, Pediatric, Genetics, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Neural Crest, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Wnt Signaling Pathway, Cell Membrane, Membrane Lipids, Ceramides, Cell Movement, neural crest, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, ceramide, cell signaling, endocytosis
Abstract

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dramatic change in cellular physiology during development and metastasis, which requires coordination between cell signaling, adhesion, and membrane protrusions. These processes all involve dynamic changes in the plasma membrane; yet, how membrane lipid content regulates membrane function during EMT remains incompletely understood. By screening for differential expression of lipid-modifying genes over the course of EMT in the avian neural crest, we have identified the ceramide-producing enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) as a critical regulator of a developmental EMT. nSMase2 expression begins at the onset of EMT, and in vivo knockdown experiments demonstrate that nSMase2 is necessary for neural crest migration. We find that nSMase2 promotes Wnt and BMP signaling and is required to activate the mesenchymal gene expression program. Mechanistically, we show that nSMase2-dependent ceramide production is necessary for and sufficient to up-regulate endocytosis and is required for Wnt co-receptor internalization. Finally, inhibition of endocytosis in the neural crest mimics the loss of migration and Wnt signaling observed following nSMase2 knockdown. Our results support a model in which nSMase2 is expressed at the onset of neural crest EMT to produce ceramide and facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis of Wnt and BMP signaling complexes, thereby activating promigratory gene expression. These results highlight the critical role of plasma membrane lipid metabolism in regulating transcriptional changes during developmental EMT programs.

Published
2022

22. Snowmass White Paper: Precision Studies of Spacetime Symmetries and Gravitational Physics

Author

Adelberger, Eric, Budker, Dmitry, Folman, Ron, Geraci, Andrew A., Harke, Jason T., Kaplan, Daniel M., Kimball, Derek F. Jackson, Lehnert, Ralf, Moore, David, Morley, Gavin W., Palladino, Anthony, Phillips, Thomas J., Piacentino, Giovanni M., Snow, William Michael, and Sudhir, Vivishek

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

High-energy physics is primarily concerned with uncovering the laws and principles that govern nature at the fundamental level. Research in this field usually relies on probing the boundaries of established physics, an undertaking typically associated with extreme energy and distance scales. It is therefore unsurprising that particle physics has traditionally been dominated by large-scale experimental methods often involving high energies, such as colliders and storage rings, cosmological and astrophysical observations, large-volume detector systems, etc. However, high-sensitivity measurements in smaller experiments, often performed at lower energies, are presently experiencing a surge in importance for particle physics for at least two reasons. First, they exploit synergies to adjacent areas of physics with recent advances in experimental techniques and technology. Together with intensified phenomenological explorations, these advances have led to the realization that challenges associated with weak couplings or the expected suppression factors for new physics can be overcome with such methods while maintaining a large degree of experimental control. Second, many of these measurements broaden the range of particle-physics phenomena and observables relative to the above set of more conventional methodologies. Combining such measurements with the conventional efforts above therefore casts both a wider and tighter net for possible effects originating from physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). This paper argues that this assessment points at a growing impact of such methods and measurements on high-energy physics, and therefore warrants direct support as particle-physics research. Leveraging the recent rapid progress and bright outlook associated with such studies for high-energy physics, could yield high returns, but requires substantial and sustained efforts by funding agencies., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021, 55 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022

23. Electric dipole moments and the search for new physics

Author

Alarcon, Ricardo, Alexander, Jim, Anastassopoulos, Vassilis, Aoki, Takatoshi, Baartman, Rick, Baeßler, Stefan, Bartoszek, Larry, Beck, Douglas H., Bedeschi, Franco, Berger, Robert, Berz, Martin, Bethlem, Hendrick L., Bhattacharya, Tanmoy, Blaskiewicz, Michael, Blum, Thomas, Bowcock, Themis, Borschevsky, Anastasia, Brown, Kevin, Budker, Dmitry, Burdin, Sergey, Casey, Brendan C., Casse, Gianluigi, Cantatore, Giovanni, Cheng, Lan, Chupp, Timothy, Cianciolo, Vince, Cirigliano, Vincenzo, Clayton, Steven M., Crawford, Chris, Das, B. P., Davoudiasl, Hooman, de Vries, Jordy, DeMille, David, Denisov, Dmitri, Diwan, Milind V., Doyle, John M., Engel, Jonathan, Fanourakis, George, Fatemi, Renee, Filippone, Bradley W., Flambaum, Victor V., Fleig, Timo, Fomin, Nadia, Fischer, Wolfram, Gabrielse, Gerald, Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Gardikiotis, Antonios, Gatti, Claudio, Geraci, Andrew, Gooding, James, Golub, Bob, Graham, Peter, Gray, Frederick, Griffith, W. Clark, Haciomeroglu, Selcuk, Gwinner, Gerald, Hoekstra, Steven, Hoffstaetter, Georg H., Huang, Haixin, Hutzler, Nicholas R., Incagli, Marco, Ito, Takeyasu M., Izubuchi, Taku, Jayich, Andrew M., Jeong, Hoyong, Kaplan, David, Karuza, Marin, Kawall, David, Kim, On, Koop, Ivan, Korsch, Wolfgang, Korobkina, Ekaterina, Lebedev, Valeri, Lee, Jonathan, Lee, Soohyung, Lehnert, Ralf, Leung, Kent K. H., Liu, Chen-Yu, Long, Joshua, Lusiani, Alberto, Marciano, William J., Maroudas, Marios, Matlashov, Andrei, Matsumoto, Nobuyuki, Mawhorter, Richard, Meot, Francois, Mereghetti, Emanuele, Miller, James P., Morse, William M., Mott, James, Omarov, Zhanibek, Orozco, Luis A., O'Shaughnessy, Christopher M., Ozben, Cenap, Park, SeongTae, Pattie Jr., Robert W., Petrov, Alexander N., Piacentino, Giovanni Maria, Plaster, Bradley R., Podobedov, Boris, Poelker, Matthew, Pocanic, Dinko, Prasannaa, V. S., Price, Joe, Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J., Raparia, Deepak, Rajendran, Surjeet, Reece, Matthew, Reid, Austin, Rescia, Sergio, Ritz, Adam, Roberts, B. Lee, Safronova, Marianna S., Sakemi, Yasuhiro, Schmidt-Wellenburg, Philipp, Shindler, Andrea, Semertzidis, Yannis K., Silenko, Alexander, Singh, Jaideep T., Skripnikov, Leonid V., Soni, Amarjit, Stephenson, Edward, Suleiman, Riad, Sunaga, Ayaki, Syphers, Michael, Syritsyn, Sergey, Tarbutt, M. R., Thoerngren, Pia, Timmermans, Rob G. E., Tishchenko, Volodya, Titov, Anatoly V., Tsoupas, Nikolaos, Tzamarias, Spyros, Variola, Alessandro, Venanzoni, Graziano, Vilella, Eva, Vossebeld, Joost, Winter, Peter, Won, Eunil, Zelenski, Anatoli, Zelevinsky, Tanya, Zhou, Yan, and Zioutas, Konstantin

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Static electric dipole moments of nondegenerate systems probe mass scales for physics beyond the Standard Model well beyond those reached directly at high energy colliders. Discrimination between different physics models, however, requires complementary searches in atomic-molecular-and-optical, nuclear and particle physics. In this report, we discuss the current status and prospects in the near future for a compelling suite of such experiments, along with developments needed in the encompassing theoretical framework., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021; updated with community edits and endorsements

Published
2022

25. Effectiveness and Safety of Different Vascular Closure Devices: Multicentre Prospective Observational study

Author

Ierardi, Anna Maria, Coppola, Andrea, Renzulli, Matteo, Piacentino, Filippo, Fontana, Federico, Paladini, Andrea, Guzzardi, Giuseppe, Semeraro, Vittorio, Di Stasi, Carmine, Giurazza, Francesco, Niola, Raffaella, Stefanini, Matteo, Contegiacomo, Andrea, Carrubba, Claudio, Discalzi, Andrea, Ciferri, Fernanda, Carriero, Serena, Lanza, Carolina, Biondetti, Pierpaolo, Coniglio, Giovanni, Fonio, Paolo, Venturini, Massimo, Carrafiello, Gianpaolo, and Del Giudice, Costantino

Published
2023
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26. A long-term vision for rural areas: a case study of Sicilian farms

Author

Martina Aronica, Maria Francesca Cracolici, Debora Insolda, Davide Piacentino, and Salvatore Tosi

Subjects
rural development policies, digitalisation, innovation, sustainability, Sicilian farms, Regional economics. Space in economics, HT388, Regional planning, HT390-395
Abstract

ABSTRACTIn line with internationally defined goals of sustainable development, European agricultural policies today have a far-sighted vision for rural areas. Using a case study approach, this paper explores how receptive rural farms in Sicily are to a long-term vision of development. The study focuses on three key factors of a long-term vision, that is, digitalisation, innovation and sustainability, to examine not only whether farms have invested in these areas but also how they perceive their role in the post-pandemic era. Empirical results provide insights into the concentration of farms in the central inland areas of Sicily without any real long-term vision of development. Nevertheless, the analysis also shows that some of them do have a positive attitude to change.

Published
2023
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27. 3E assessment of a solar-driven reverse osmosis plant for seawater desalination in a small island of the Mediterranean Sea

Author

S. Guarino, P. Catrini, A. Buscemi, V. Lo Brano, and A. Piacentino

Subjects
Solar desalination, Dish-Stirling system, Reverse osmosis, Seawater desalination, Energy assessment, Levelized Cost Of Water, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Water scarcity in many regions of the world and global demographic growth make the desalination of seawater and/or brackish an effective solution to meet the growing demand for fresh water. Nowadays, reverse osmosis has the largest share of the global installed desalination capacity. The impelling need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has been pushing the search for sustainable technologies to produce the electricity needed to power reverse osmosis plants. Among solar technologies, little attention has been paid to the possibility of powering reverse osmosis with electricity from the dish-Stirling solar concentrator. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper assesses the energy-saving potential of a reverse osmosis plant coupled with a cogenerative dish-Stirling concentrator on a small island in the Mediterranean Sea. A model of the integrated systems was developed based on data measured on a real dish-Stirling concentrator. Moreover, the variation of the energy consumption of the reverse osmosis plant with the temperature of the feedwater solution was also accounted for. Hourly simulations showed that almost 36% of the annual water demand could be covered by driving the plant using electricity from the concentrator, and the solar fraction of the electricity consumed by the reverse osmosis plant accounted for 48%. Finally, economic and environmental analyses revealed that the levelized cost of water of €1.08 per cubic meter of fresh water, consistent with the literature, and the system could avoid emitting 34.16 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per year.

Published
2023
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28. A novel measurement of initial-state gluon radiation in hadron collisions using Drell-Yan events

Author

CDF Collaboration, Aaltonen, T., Amerio, S., Amidei, D., Anastassov, A., Annovi, A., Antos, J., Apollinari, G., Appel, J. A., Arisawa, T., Artikov, A., Asaadi, J., Ashmanskas, W., Auerbach, B., Aurisano, A., Azfar, F., Badgett, W., Bae, T., Barbaro-Galtieri, A., Barnes, V. E., Barnett, B. A., Barria, P., Bartos, P., Bauce, M., Bedeschi, F., Behari, S., Bellettini, G., Bellinger, J., Benjamin, D., Beretvas, A., Bhatti, A., Bland, K. R., Blumenfeld, B., Bocci, A., Bodek, A., Bortoletto, D., Boudreau, J., Boveia, A., Brigliadori, L., Bromberg, C., Brucken, E., Budagov, J., Budd, H. S., Burkett, K., Busetto, G., Bussey, P., Butti, P., Buzatu, A., Calamba, A., Camarda, S., Campanelli, M., Canelli, F., Carls, B., Carlsmith, D., Carosi, R., Carrillo, S., Casal, B., Casarsa, M., Castro, A., Catastini, P., Cauz, D., Cavaliere, V., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Chen, Y. C., Chertok, M., Chiarelli, G., Chlachidze, G., Cho, K., Chokheli, D., Clark, A., Clarke, C., Convery, M. E., Conway, J., Corbo, M., Cordelli, M., Cox, C. A., Cox, D. J., Cremonesi, M., Cruz, D., Cuevas, J., Culbertson, R., d'Ascenzo, N., Datta, M., de Barbaro, P., Demortier, L., Deninno, M., D'Errico, M., Devoto, F., Di Canto, A., Di Ruzza, B., Dittmann, J. R., Donati, S., D'Onofrio, M., Dorigo, M., Driutti, A., Ebina, K., Edgar, R., Elagin, A., Erbacher, R., Errede, S., Esham, B., Farrington, S., Ramos, J. P. Fernández, Field, R., Flanagan, G., Forrest, R., Franklin, M., Freeman, J. C., Frisch, H., Funakoshi, Y., Galloni, C., Garfinkel, A. F., Garosi, P., Gerberich, H., Gerchtein, E., Giagu, S., Giakoumopoulou, V., Gibson, K., Ginsburg, C. M., Giokaris, N., Giromini, P., Glagolev, V., Glenzinski, D., Gold, M., Goldin, D., Golossanov, A., Gomez, G., Gomez-Ceballos, G., Goncharov, M., López, O. González, Gorelov, I., Goshaw, A. T., Goulianos, K., Gramellini, E., Grosso-Pilcher, C., da Costa, J. Guimaraes, Hahn, S. R., Han, J. Y., Happacher, F., Hara, K., Hare, M., Harr, R. F., Harrington-Taber, T., Hatakeyama, K., Hays, C., Heinrich, J., Herndon, M., Hocker, A., Hong, Z., Hopkins, W., Hou, S., Hughes, R. E., Husemann, U., Hussein, M., Huston, J., Introzzi, G., Iori, M., Ivanov, A., James, E., Jang, D., Jayatilaka, B., Jeon, E. J., Jindariani, S., Jones, M., Joo, K. K., Jun, S. Y., Junk, T. R., Kambeitz, M., Kamon, T., Karchin, P. E., Kasmi, A., Kato, Y., Ketchum, W., Keung, J., Kilminster, B., Kim, D. H., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. E., Kim, M. J., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. B., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. K., Kimura, N., Kirby, M., Kondo, K., Kong, D. J., Konigsberg, J., Kotwal, A. V., Kreps, M., Kroll, J., Kruse, M., Kuhr, T., Kurata, M., Laasanen, A. T., Lammel, S., Lancaster, M., Lannon, K., Latino, G., Lee, H. S., Lee, J. S., Leo, S., Leone, S., Lewis, J. D., Limosani, A., Lipeles, E., Lister, A., Liu, Q., Liu, T., Lockwitz, S., Loginov, A., Lucchesi, D., Lucà, A., Lueck, J., Lujan, P., Lukens, P., Lungu, G., Lys, J., Lysak, R., Madrak, R., Maestro, P., Malik, S., Manca, G., Manousakis-Katsikakis, A., Marchese, L., Margaroli, F., Marino, P., Matera, K., Mattson, M. E., Mazzacane, A., Mazzanti, P., McNulty, R., Mehta, A., Mehtala, P., Mesropian, C., Miao, T., Michielin, E., Mietlicki, D., Mitra, A., Miyake, H., Moed, S., Moggi, N., Moon, C. S., Moore, R., Morello, M. J., Mukherjee, A., Muller, Th., Murat, P., Mussini, M., Nachtman, J., Nagai, Y., Naganoma, J., Nakano, I., Napier, A., Nett, J., Nigmanov, T., Nodulman, L., Noh, S. Y., Norniella, O., Oakes, L., Oh, S. H., Oh, Y. D., Okusawa, T., Orava, R., Ortolan, L., Pagliarone, C., Palencia, E., Palni, P., Papadimitriou, V., Parker, W., Pauletta, G., Paulini, M., Paus, C., Phillips, T. J., Piacentino, G., Pianori, E., Pilot, J., Pitts, K., Plager, C., Pondrom, L., Poprocki, S., Potamianos, K., Pranko, A., Prokoshin, F., Ptohos, F., Punzi, G., Fernández, I. Redondo, Renton, P., Rescigno, M., Rimondi, F., Ristori, L., Robson, A., Rodriguez, T., Rolli, S., Ronzani, M., Roser, R., Rosner, J. L., Ruffini, F., Ruiz, A., Russ, J., Rusu, V., Sakumoto, W. K., Sakurai, Y., Santi, L., Sato, K., Saveliev, V., Savoy-Navarro, A., Schlabach, P., Schmidt, E. E., Schwarz, T., Scodellaro, L., Scuri, F., Seidel, S., Seiya, Y., Semenov, A., Seo, H., Sforza, F., Shalhout, S. Z., Shears, T., Shepard, P. F., Shimojima, M., Shochet, M., Shreyber-Tecker, I., Simonenko, A., Sliwa, K., Smith, J. R., Snider, F. D., Song, H., Sorin, V., Denis, R. St., Stancari, M., Stentz, D., Strologas, J., Sudo, Y., Sukhanov, A., Suslov, I., Takemasa, K., Takeuchi, Y., Tang, J., Tecchio, M., Teng, P. K., Thom, J., Thomson, E., Thukral, V., Toback, D., Tokar, S., Tollefson, K., Tomura, T., Tonelli, D., Torre, S., Torretta, D., Totaro, P., Trovato, M., Ukegawa, F., Uozumi, S., Vázquez, F., Velev, G., Vellidis, C., Vernieri, C., Vidal, M., Vilar, R., Vizán, J., Vogel, M., Volpi, G., Wagner, P., Wallny, R., Wang, S. M., Waters, D., Wester III, W. C., Whiteson, D., Wicklund, A. B., Wilbur, S., Williams, H. H., Wilson, J. S., Wilson, P., Winer, B. L., Wittich, P., Wolbers, S., Wolfmeister, H., Wright, T., Wu, X., Wu, Z., Yamamoto, K., Yamato, D., Yang, T., Yang, U. K., Yang, Y. C., Yao, W. -M., Yeh, G. P., Yi, K., Yoh, J., Yorita, K., Yoshida, T., Yu, G. B., Yu, I., Zanetti, A. M., Zeng, Y., Zhou, C., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A study of initial-state gluon radiation (ISR) in hadron collisions is presented using Drell-Yan (DY) events produced in proton-antiproton collisions by the Tevatron collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. This paper adopts a novel approach which uses the mean value of the Z/$\gamma^*$ transverse momentum $$ in DY events as a powerful observable to characterize the effect of ISR. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the CDF Run II detector, $$ is measured as a function of the Z/$\gamma^*$ invariant mass. It is found that these two observables have a dependence, $ = -8 + 2.2 \ln m_{DY}^2$ [GeV/c], where $m_{DY}$ is the value of the Z/$\gamma^*$ mass measured in units of GeV/$c^2$. This linear dependence is observed for the first time in this analysis. It may be exploited to model the effect of ISR and constrain its impact in other processes., Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures

Published
2021

29. Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Urological Diseases: A Narrative Review

Author

Andrea Coppola, Luigi Tessitore, Federico Fontana, Filippo Piacentino, Chiara Recaldini, Manuela Minenna, Paolo Capogrosso, Roberto Minici, Domenico Laganà, Anna Maria Ierardi, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Fabio D’Angelo, Giulio Carcano, Laura Maria Cacioppa, Federico Dehò, and Massimo Venturini

Subjects
kidney neoplasms, urinary bladder neoplasms, ureteral neoplasms, polycystic kidney diseases, urinary tract stones, lymph node metastasis, Medicine
Abstract

Dual-Energy computed tomography (DECT) with its various advanced techniques, including Virtual Non-Contrast (VNC), effective atomic number (Z-eff) calculation, Z-maps, Iodine Density Index (IDI), and so on, holds great promise in the diagnosis and management of urogenital tumours. In this narrative review, we analyze the current status of knowledge of this technology to provide better lesion characterization, improve the staging accuracy, and give more precise treatment response assessments in relation to urological tumours.

Published
2024
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31. Measurement of the charge asymmetry of electrons from the decays of $W$ bosons produced in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV

Author

CDF Collaboration, Aaltonen, T., Amerio, S., Amidei, D., Anastassov, A., Annovi, A., Antos, J., Apollinari, G., Appel, J. A., Arisawa, T., Artikov, A., Asaadi, J., Ashmanskas, W., Auerbach, B., Aurisano, A., Azfar, F., Badgett, W., Bae, T., Barbaro-Galtieri, A., Barnes, V. E., Barnett, B. A., Barria, P., Bartos, P., Bauce, M., Bedeschi, F., Behari, S., Bellettini, G., Bellinger, J., Benjamin, D., Beretvas, A., Bhatti, A., Bland, K. R., Blumenfeld, B., Bocci, A., Bodek, A., Bortoletto, D., Boudreau, J., Boveia, A., Brigliadori, L., Bromberg, C., Brucken, E., Budagov, J., Budd, H. S., Burkett, K., Busetto, G., Bussey, P., Butti, P., Buzatu, A., Calamba, A., Camarda, S., Campanelli, M., Canelli, F., Carls, B., Carlsmith, D., Carosi, R., Carrillo, S., Casal, B., Casarsa, M., Castro, A., Catastini, P., Cauz, D., Cavaliere, V., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Chen, Y. C., Chertok, M., Chiarelli, G., Chlachidze, G., Cho, K., Chokheli, D., Clark, A., Clarke, C., Convery, M. E., Conway, J., Corbo, M., Cordelli, M., Cox, C. A., Cox, D. J., Cremonesi, M., Cruz, D., Cuevas, J., Culbertson, R., d'Ascenzo, N., Datta, M., de Barbaro, P., Demortier, L., Deninno, M., D'Errico, M., Devoto, F., Di Canto, A., Di Ruzza, B., Dittmann, J. R., Donati, S., D'Onofrio, M., Dorigo, M., Driutti, A., Ebina, K., Edgar, R., Elagin, A., Erbacher, R., Errede, S., Esham, B., Farrington, S., Ramos, J. P. Fernández, Field, R., Flanagan, G., Forrest, R., Franklin, M., Freeman, J. C., Frisch, H., Funakoshi, Y., Galloni, C., Garfinkel, A. F., Garosi, P., Gerberich, H., Gerchtein, E., Giagu, S., Giakoumopoulou, V., Gibson, K., Ginsburg, C. M., Giokaris, N., Giromini, P., Glagolev, V., Glenzinski, D., Gold, M., Goldin, D., Golossanov, A., Gomez, G., Gomez-Ceballos, G., Goncharov, M., López, O. González, Gorelov, I., Goshaw, A. T., Goulianos, K., Gramellini, E., Grosso-Pilcher, C., da Costa, J. Guimaraes, Hahn, S. R., Han, J. Y., Happacher, F., Hara, K., Hare, M., Harr, R. F., Harrington-Taber, T., Hatakeyama, K., Hays, C., Heinrich, J., Herndon, M., Hocker, A., Hong, Z., Hopkins, W., Hou, S., Hughes, R. E., Husemann, U., Hussein, M., Huston, J., Introzzi, G., Iori, M., Isgrò, A., Ivanov, A., James, E., Jang, D., Jayatilaka, B., Jeon, E. J., Jindariani, S., Jones, M., Joo, K. K., Jun, S. Y., Junk, T. R., Kambeitz, M., Kamon, T., Karchin, P. E., Kasmi, A., Kato, Y., Ketchum, W., Keung, J., Kilminster, B., Kim, D. H., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. E., Kim, M. J., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. B., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. K., Kimura, N., Kirby, M., Kondo, K., Kong, D. J., Konigsberg, J., Kotwal, A. V., Kreps, M., Kroll, J., Kruse, M., Kuhr, T., Kurata, M., Laasanen, A. T., Lammel, S., Lancaster, M., Lannon, K., Latino, G., Lee, H. S., Lee, J. S., Leo, S., Leone, S., Lewis, J. D., Limosani, A., Lipeles, E., Lister, A., Liu, Q., Liu, T., Lockwitz, S., Loginov, A., Lucchesi, D., Lucà, A., Lueck, J., Lujan, P., Lukens, P., Lungu, G., Lys, J., Lysak, R., Madrak, R., Maestro, P., Malik, S., Manca, G., Manousakis-Katsikakis, A., Marchese, L., Margaroli, F., Marino, P., Matera, K., Mattson, M. E., Mazzacane, A., Mazzanti, P., McNulty, R., Mehta, A., Mehtala, P., Mesropian, C., Miao, T., Michielin, E., Mietlicki, D., Mitra, A., Miyake, H., Moed, S., Moggi, N., Moon, C. S., Moore, R., Morello, M. J., Mukherjee, A., Muller, Th., Murat, P., Mussini, M., Nachtman, J., Nagai, Y., Naganoma, J., Nakano, I., Napier, A., Nett, J., Nigmanov, T., Nodulman, L., Noh, S. Y., Norniella, O., Oakes, L., Oh, S. H., Oh, Y. D., Okusawa, T., Orava, R., Ortolan, L., Pagliarone, C., Palencia, E., Palni, P., Papadimitriou, V., Parker, W., Pauletta, G., Paulini, M., Paus, C., Phillips, T. J., Piacentino, G., Pianori, E., Pilot, J., Pitts, K., Plager, C., Pondrom, L., Poprocki, S., Potamianos, K., Pranko, A., Prokoshin, F., Ptohos, F., Punzi, G., Fernández, I. Redondo, Renton, P., Rescigno, M., Rimondi, F., Ristori, L., Robson, A., Rodriguez, T., Rolli, S., Ronzani, M., Roser, R., Rosner, J. L., Ruffini, F., Ruiz, A., Russ, J., Rusu, V., Sakumoto, W. K., Sakurai, Y., Santi, L., Sato, K., Saveliev, V., Savoy-Navarro, A., Schlabach, P., Schmidt, E. E., Schwarz, T., Scodellaro, L., Scuri, F., Seidel, S., Seiya, Y., Semenov, A., Sforza, F., Shalhout, S. Z., Shears, T., Shepard, P. F., Shimojima, M., Shochet, M., Shreyber-Tecker, I., Simonenko, A., Sliwa, K., Smith, J. R., Snider, F. D., Song, H., Sorin, V., Denis, R. St., Stancari, M., Stentz, D., Strologas, J., Sudo, Y., Sukhanov, A., Suslov, I., Takemasa, K., Takeuchi, Y., Tang, J., Tecchio, M., Teng, P. K., Thom, J., Thomson, E., Thukral, V., Toback, D., Tokar, S., Tollefson, K., Tomura, T., Tonelli, D., Torre, S., Torretta, D., Totaro, P., Trovato, M., Ukegawa, F., Uozumi, S., Vecchio, V., Velev, G., Vellidis, C., Vernieri, C., Vidal, M., Vilar, R., Vizán, J., Vogel, M., Volpi, G., Vázquez, F., Wagner, P., Wallny, R., Wang, S. M., Waters, D., Wester III, W. C., Whiteson, D., Wicklund, A. B., Wilbur, S., Williams, H. H., Wilson, J. S., Wilson, P., Winer, B. L., Wittich, P., Wolbers, S., Wolfmeister, H., Wright, T., Wu, X., Wu, Z., Yamamoto, K., Yamato, D., Yang, T., Yang, U. K., Yang, Y. C., Yao, W. -M., Yeh, G. P., Yi, K., Yoh, J., Yorita, K., Yoshida, T., Yu, G. B., Yu, I., Zanetti, A. M., Zeng, Y., Zhou, C., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton ($p\bar{p}$) collider, high-mass electron-neutrino ($e\nu$) pairs are produced predominantly in the process $p \bar{p} \rightarrow W(\rightarrow e\nu) + X$. The asymmetry of the electron and positron yield as a function of their pseudorapidity constrain the slope of the ratio of the $u$- to $d$-quark parton distributions versus the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the quarks. This paper reports on the measurement of the electron-charge asymmetry using the full data set recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in 2001--2011 and corresponding to 9.1~fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The measurement significantly improves the precision of the Tevatron constraints on the parton-distribution functions of the proton. Numerical tables of the measurement are provided., Comment: 27 pages, 25 figures. To be published in PRD

Published
2021

32. RNA-binding protein Elavl1/HuR is required for maintenance of cranial neural crest specification

Author

Hutchins, Erica J, Gandhi, Shashank, Chacon, Jose, Piacentino, Michael, and Bronner, Marianne E

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Neurosciences, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Genetics, Pediatric, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Generic health relevance, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Neural Crest, RNA, RNA, Messenger, RNA-Binding Proteins, neural crest, Elavl1, HuR, Draxin, specification, post-transcriptional regulation, Chicken, chicken, developmental biology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

While neural crest development is known to be transcriptionally controlled via sequential activation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs), recent evidence increasingly implicates a role for post-transcriptional regulation in modulating the output of these regulatory circuits. Using available single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets from avian embryos to identify potential post-transcriptional regulators, we found that Elavl1, which encodes for an RNA-binding protein with roles in transcript stability, was enriched in the premigratory cranial neural crest. Perturbation of Elavl1 resulted in premature neural crest delamination from the neural tube as well as significant reduction in transcripts associated with the neural crest specification GRN, phenotypes that are also observed with downregulation of the canonical Wnt inhibitor Draxin. That Draxin is the primary target for stabilization by Elavl1 during cranial neural crest specification was shown by RNA-sequencing, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA decay measurement, and proximity ligation assays, further supporting the idea that the downregulation of neural crest specifier expression upon Elavl1 knockdown was largely due to loss of Draxin. Importantly, exogenous Draxin rescued cranial neural crest specification defects observed with Elavl1 knockdown. Thus, Elavl1 plays a critical a role in the maintenance of cranial neural crest specification via Draxin mRNA stabilization. Together, these data highlight an important intersection of post-transcriptional regulation with modulation of the neural crest specification GRN.

Published
2022

33. An Experiment Exploring Gravitational Effects on CP Violation

Author

Piacentino, G. M., Palladino, A., Pilato, R. N., Venanzoni, G., Conti, L., Di Sciacio, G., Di Stefano, R., Fratianni, N., Gioiosa, A., Hajdukovic, D., Ignatov, F., Marignetti, F., and Testa, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We suggest a new experiment sensitive to a possible difference between the amount of CP violation as measured on the surface of the Earth and in a lower gravity environment. Our proposed experiment is model independent and could yield a $5\sigma$ measurement within tens of days, indicating a dependence of the level of CP violation in the neutral kaon system on the local gravitational potential., Comment: Contribution to the 2021 Gravitation session of the 55th Rencontres de Moriond

Published
2021

34. Measurement of the anomalous precession frequency of the muon in the Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment

Author

Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) has measured the muon anomalous precession frequency $\omega_a$ to an uncertainty of 434 parts per billion (ppb), statistical, and 56 ppb, systematic, with data collected in four storage ring configurations during its first physics run in 2018. When combined with a precision measurement of the magnetic field of the experiment's muon storage ring, the precession frequency measurement determines a muon magnetic anomaly of $a_{\mu}({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.46 ppm). This article describes the multiple techniques employed in the reconstruction, analysis and fitting of the data to measure the precession frequency. It also presents the averaging of the results from the eleven separate determinations of \omega_a, and the systematic uncertainties on the result., Comment: 29 pages, 19 figures. Published in Physical Review D

Published
2021
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35. Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis for the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab

Author

Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Conway, A., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has measured the anomalous precession frequency $a^{}_\mu = (g^{}_\mu-2)/2$ of the muon to a combined precision of 0.46 parts per million with data collected during its first physics run in 2018. This paper documents the measurement of the magnetic field in the muon storage ring. The magnetic field is monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance systems and calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^\circ$C. The measured field is weighted by the muon distribution resulting in $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, the denominator in the ratio $\omega^{}_a$/$\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ that together with known fundamental constants yields $a^{}_\mu$. The reported uncertainty on $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ for the Run-1 data set is 114 ppb consisting of uncertainty contributions from frequency extraction, calibration, mapping, tracking, and averaging of 56 ppb, and contributions from fast transient fields of 99 ppb., Comment: Added one citation and corrected missing normalization in Eqs (35) and (36)

Published
2021
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36. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm

Author

Abi, B., Albahri, T., Al-Kilani, S., Allspach, D., Alonzi, L. P., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Azfar, F., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Barzi, E., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Behnke, A., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bjorkquist, R., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Boyden, D., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Carroll, J., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Ceravolo, S., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Convery, M. E., Conway, A., Corradi, G., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., De Lurgio, P. M., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Drendel, B., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Eggert, N., Epps, A., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fiedler, A., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Foster, S. B., Friedsam, H., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Fu, C., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., Gastler, D. E., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Hahn, D., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hazen, E., Hempstead, J., Henry, S., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Johnstone, C., Johnstone, J. A., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Korostelev, M., Kourbanis, I., Kraegeloh, E., Krylov, V. A., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Luo, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Maxfield, S., McEvoy, M., Merritt, W., Mikhailichenko, A. A., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morgan, J. P., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Motuk, E., Nath, A., Newton, D., Nguyen, H., Oberling, M., Osofsky, R., Ostiguy, J. -F., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Popovic, M., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Rider, N. T., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Sathyan, D., Schellman, H., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shatunov, Y. M., Shemyakin, D., Shenk, M., Sim, D., Smith, M. W., Smith, A., Soha, A. K., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Still, D., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Strohman, C., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Warren, M., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Whitley, M., Winter, P., Wolski, A., Wormald, M., Wu, W., and Yoshikawa, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present the first results of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly $a_\mu \equiv (g_\mu-2)/2$. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency $\omega_a$ between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ${\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$ in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^{\circ}$C. The ratio $\omega_a / {\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$, together with known fundamental constants, determines $a_\mu({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.46\,ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both $\mu^+$ and $\mu^-$, the new experimental average of $a_\mu({\rm Exp}) = 116\,592\,061(41)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.35\,ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviations, Comment: 10 pages; 4 figures

Published
2021
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37. Beam dynamics corrections to the Run-1 measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment at Fermilab

Author

Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fiedler, A., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Korostelev, M., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Newton, D., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Sathyan, D., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This paper presents the beam dynamics systematic corrections and their uncertainties for the Run-1 data set of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. Two corrections to the measured muon precession frequency $\omega_a^m$ are associated with well-known effects owing to the use of electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) vertical focusing in the storage ring. An average vertically oriented motional magnetic field is felt by relativistic muons passing transversely through the radial electric field components created by the ESQ system. The correction depends on the stored momentum distribution and the tunes of the ring, which has relatively weak vertical focusing. Vertical betatron motions imply that the muons do not orbit the ring in a plane exactly orthogonal to the vertical magnetic field direction. A correction is necessary to account for an average pitch angle associated with their trajectories. A third small correction is necessary because muons that escape the ring during the storage time are slightly biased in initial spin phase compared to the parent distribution. Finally, because two high-voltage resistors in the ESQ network had longer than designed RC time constants, the vertical and horizontal centroids and envelopes of the stored muon beam drifted slightly, but coherently, during each storage ring fill. This led to the discovery of an important phase-acceptance relationship that requires a correction. The sum of the corrections to $\omega_a^m$ is 0.50 $\pm$ 0.09 ppm; the uncertainty is small compared to the 0.43 ppm statistical precision of $\omega_a^m$., Comment: 35 pages, 29 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

Published
2021
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39. Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Bleeding Related to Pelvic Trauma: Comparison of Technical and Clinical Results between Hemodynamically Stable and Unstable Patients

Author

Roberto Minici, Michele Mercurio, Giuseppe Guzzardi, Massimo Venturini, Federico Fontana, Luca Brunese, Pasquale Guerriero, Raffaele Serra, Filippo Piacentino, Marco Spinetta, Lorenzo Zappia, Davide Costa, Andrea Coppola, MGJR Research Team, Olimpio Galasso, and Domenico Laganà

Subjects
angioembolization, trauma, pelvic injury, hemodynamic instability, transcatheter arterial embolization, bleeding, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Background: Endovascular intervention is now the primary line of therapy for arterial injury brought on by pelvic trauma since it can significantly reduce considerable morbidity associated with surgery and can swiftly access and control bleeding sites. Despite international guidelines and widespread awareness of the role of angioembolization in clinical practice, robust evidence comparing the outcomes of angioembolization in hemodynamically stable and unstable patients is still lacking. This study aims to directly compare the outcomes of angioembolization for the treatment of pelvic traumatic arterial injury in patients with hemodynamic stability vs. hemodynamic instability. Methods: In our multicenter retrospective investigation, we analyzed data from consecutive patients who underwent, from January 2020 to May 2023, angioembolization for traumatic pelvic arterial injury. Results: In total, 116 angioembolizations were performed. Gelatin sponges (56.9%) and coils (25.9%) were the most widely used embolic agents. The technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 91.4%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of technical success, clinical success, procedure-related complication rate, or 30-day bleeding-related mortality. Conclusions: Angioembolization is an effective and safe option for the management of traumatic pelvic arterial lesions even in hemodynamically unstable patients, despite technical variations such as greater use of prophylactic angioembolization.

Published
2023
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40. Thermodynamic-based method for supporting design and operation of thermal grids in presence of distributed energy producers

Author

Catrini Pietro, Tancredi Testasecca, Maurizio La Villetta, Massimo Morale, and Antonio Piacentino

Subjects
thermal grid, renewable energy, waste heat, heat cost, prosumer, exergy, irreversibility, exergetic cost., Technology, Economic growth, development, planning, HD72-88
Abstract

District heating networks are well-established technologies to efficiently cover the thermal demand of buildings. Recent research has been devoting large efforts to improve the design and management of these systems for integrating low-temperature heat coming from distributed sources such as industrial processes and renewable energy plants. Passing from a centralized to a decentralized approach in the heat supply, it is important to develop indicators that allow an assessment of the rational use of the available heat sources in supplying heating networks, and a quantification of the effect of inefficiencies on the unit cost of heat. To answer these questions, Exergy Cost Theory is here proposed. Thanks to the unit exergetic cost of heat, energy managers can (i) quantify the effects of thermodynamic inefficiencies occurring in the production and distribution on the final cost of heat, (ii) compare alternative systems for heat production, and (iii) monitor the performance of buildings’ substation over time. To show the capabilities of the method, some operating scenarios are compared for a cluster of five buildings in the tertiary sector interconnected by a thermal grid, where heat is produced by a cogeneration unit, an industrial process, and distributed heat pumps. Results suggest that moving from the centralized production of heat based on fossil fuels to a decentralized production with air-to-water heat pumps, the unit cost of heat can be decreased by almost 30% thanks to the improvement of thermodynamic efficiency. In addition, the analysis reveals a great sensitivity of unit exergetic cost to the maintenance in substations. The developed tool can provide thermodynamic-sound support for the design, operation, and monitoring of innovative district heating networks.

Published
2023
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41. Prognostic Role of Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR) in Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Undergoing Chemoembolizations (DEM-TACE or cTACE) of the Liver: Exploring the Link between Tumor Microenvironment and Interventional Radiology

Author

Roberto Minici, Massimo Venturini, Giuseppe Guzzardi, Federico Fontana, Andrea Coppola, Filippo Piacentino, Federico Torre, Marco Spinetta, Pietro Maglio, Pasquale Guerriero, Michele Ammendola, MGJR Research Team, Luca Brunese, and Domenico Laganà

Subjects
inflammation-based scores, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), tumor microenvironment, biomarkers, Medicine
Abstract

Inflammation-based scores are biomarkers of the crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and the immune response. Investigating the intricate relationship between the tumor stromal microenvironment, biomarkers, and the response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is essential for early identification of TACE refractoriness or failure, providing insights into tumor biology and facilitating personalized therapeutic interventions. This study addresses a dearth of recent literature exploring the prognostic significance of the preoperative LMR in individuals from western countries diagnosed with stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing drug eluting microspheres TACE (DEM-TACE) or conventional TACE (cTACE). This international multi-center retrospective analysis included consecutive patients with stage B HCC who underwent TACE from January 2017 to June 2023. The study evaluated the ability of the preoperative LMR to predict complete response (CR), objective response (OR), sustained response duration (SRD) exceeding 6 months, successful downstaging at 6 months, progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months, and overall survival (OS) at 6 months. The study population included 109 HCC patients and it was divided into low LMR (LMR < 2.24) and high LMR (LMR ≥ 2.24) groups, according to ROC curve analysis to select the optimal LMR cut-off value. High LMR was associated with lower Hepatitis C prevalence, higher absolute lymphocyte count, and a trend toward lower alpha-fetoprotein. The group with high LMRs exhibited superior CR rates (14.9% vs. 0%), overall OR (43.2% vs. 14.3%), and better PFS at 6 months (75.7% vs. 45.7%). The LMR, specifically categorized as

Published
2024
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42. Computed-Tomography-Guided Lung Biopsy: A Practice-Oriented Document on Techniques and Principles and a Review of the Literature

Author

Lorenzo Saggiante, Pierpaolo Biondetti, Carolina Lanza, Serena Carriero, Velio Ascenti, Filippo Piacentino, Anas Shehab, Anna Maria Ierardi, Massimo Venturini, and Gianpaolo Carrafiello

Subjects
computed-tomography-guided lung biopsy, image-guided biopsy, percutaneous, lung cancer, pneumothorax, interventional radiology, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy is one of the oldest and most widely known minimally invasive percutaneous procedures. Despite being conceptually simple, this procedure needs to be performed rapidly and can be subject to meaningful complications that need to be managed properly. Therefore, knowledge of principles and techniques is required by every general or interventional radiologist who performs the procedure. This review aims to contain all the information that the operator needs to know before performing the procedure. The paper starts with the description of indications, devices, and types of percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsies, along with their reported results in the literature. Then, pre-procedural evaluation and the practical aspects to be considered during procedure (i.e., patient positioning and breathing) are discussed. The subsequent section is dedicated to complications, with their incidence, risk factors, and the evidence-based measures necessary to both prevent or manage them; special attention is given to pneumothorax and hemorrhage. After conventional CT, this review describes other available CT modalities, including CT fluoroscopy and cone-beam CT. At the end, more advanced techniques, which are already used in clinical practice, like fusion imaging, are included.

Published
2024
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43. Oral Semaglutide in Routine Clinical Practice: Characteristics of People with Type 2 Diabetes Started on the Drug and Changes in Their Clinical Parameters after 24 Weeks of Treatment

Author

Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre, Giulia Di Dalmazi, Sara Coluzzi, Federica Carrieri, Fabrizio Febo, Giorgia Centorame, Piergiuseppe Cassino, Luigi Piacentino, Marco Giorgio Baroni, Agostino Consoli, and Gloria Formoso

Subjects
type 2 diabetes, GLP1 receptor agonist, oral semaglutide, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical practice, real-world evidence, Medicine
Abstract

Background/Objectives: Semaglutide is the unique once-daily oral glucagon-like receptor agonist presently available. Aims of this study were to describe clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating oral semaglutide, to assess its effects on glycemic control, body weight (BW) and its tolerability in routine clinical practice. Methods: Electronic medical records from two Italian diabetes clinics were evaluated. Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and BW were assessed in adults with T2D before and 6 months after oral semaglutide prescription. Treatment discontinuation and safety data were reported. Results: A total of 192 patients initiating oral semaglutide (44% female) presented a mean age of 66 years, a diabetes duration of 10 years, HbA1c of 7.9% and a BW of 82.6 kg. Almost 50% of patients were obese. Mean HbA1c and BW changes from baseline to follow up were −0.7% and −2.6 kg, respectively. Greater HbA1c reduction was observed in patients with baseline HbA1c ≥ 8% and with diabetes duration Conclusions: In a real clinical setting, patients initiating oral semaglutide showed suboptimal metabolic control, short diabetes duration and obesity; a significant improvement in HbA1c and BW was achieved mainly in patients with a more recent diabetes diagnosis, supporting the use of oral semaglutide in the early phase of the disease.

Published
2024
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44. A Multicenter International Retrospective Investigation Assessing the Prognostic Role of Inflammation-Based Scores (Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte, Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte, and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios) in Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Undergoing Chemoembolizations of the Liver

Author

Roberto Minici, Massimo Venturini, Giuseppe Guzzardi, Federico Fontana, Andrea Coppola, Filippo Piacentino, Federico Torre, Marco Spinetta, Pietro Maglio, Pasquale Guerriero, Michele Ammendola, MGJR Research Team, Luca Brunese, and Domenico Laganà

Subjects
tumor microenvironment, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), drug-eluting microspheres (DEM), drug-eluting beads (DEB), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Background: The utilization of inflammation-based scores, such as the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR), and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), has garnered attention for their potential as prognostic indicators in various cancers. However, their predictive role in patients with intermediate-stage HCC undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains an area that requires further investigation, as early recognition of TACE refractoriness holds the potential to guide tailored therapeutic interventions. Methods: This multicenter international retrospective study analyzed data from patients with intermediate-stage HCC undergoing TACE between 2018 and 2024. Inflammation-based scores (NLR, LMR, PLR) were assessed preoperatively to predict treatment outcomes. Results: Two hundred and fourteen patients were enrolled. Preoperative LMR showed the largest area under the curve for the prediction of 6-months PFS, based on the ROC curve analysis. Both high LMR (≥2.24) and low NLR (p < 0.001) and multiple (p < 0.001) logistic regression analyses. Conclusions: This study highlights the prognostic value of inflammation-based scores, particularly LMR and NLR, in predicting the treatment response and short-term outcomes of patients with intermediate-stage HCC undergoing TACE. Future investigations should focus on validating these scores’ clinical applicability and assessing their impact on long-term patient survival and therapeutic decision-making.

Published
2024
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45. Essential function and targets of BMP signaling during midbrain neural crest delamination.

Author

Piacentino, Michael, Hutchins, Erica, and Bronner, Marianne

Subjects
BMP signaling, Delamination, Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Migration, Neural crest, RNA Seq, Animals, Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Chick Embryo, Embryonic Development, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Mesencephalon, Neural Crest, Signal Transduction, Skull, Tissue Culture Techniques
Abstract

BMP signaling plays iterative roles during vertebrate neural crest development from induction through craniofacial morphogenesis. However, far less is known about the role of BMP activity in cranial neural crest epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and delamination. By measuring canonical BMP signaling activity as a function of time from specification through early migration of avian midbrain neural crest cells, we found elevated BMP signaling during delamination stages. Moreover, inhibition of canonical BMP activity via a dominant negative mutant Type I BMP receptor showed that BMP signaling is required for neural crest migration from the midbrain, independent from an effect on EMT and delamination. Transcriptome profiling on control compared to BMP-inhibited cranial neural crest cells identified novel BMP targets during neural crest delamination and early migration including targets of the Notch pathway that are upregulated following BMP inhibition. These results suggest potential crosstalk between the BMP and Notch pathways in early migrating cranial neural crest and provide novel insight into mechanisms regulated by BMP signaling during early craniofacial development.

Published
2021

47. Dynamic simulation of a 4th generation district heating network with the presence of prosumers

Author

T. Testasecca, P. Catrini, M. Beccali, and A. Piacentino

Subjects
Energy savings, Renewable energy, District heating, Prosumer, Dynamic modelling, Ring network, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

District Heating Network is identified as a promising technology for decarbonizing urban areas. Thanks to the surplus of heat available from distributed renewable energy plants, a typical heat consumer of the network could become an energy producer during the day (typically referred to as a “prosumer”). Most of the models for thermal grids developed during past years usually assumed a centralized production of the consumed heat. The increasing presence of prosumers will require accurate dynamic modelling to monitor the changes induced in the thermohydraulic parameters of the network. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper aims at developing a model of a thermal grid with prosumers in the TRNSYS environment. The model allows for the dynamic monitoring of the main thermohydraulic parameters of the network. To show these capabilities, a ring-shaped network serving a cluster of 10 residential users located in Palermo (Italy) was assumed as the case study. Different scenarios are investigated based on the presence of solar collectors, prosumers along the network, and cooling by an absorption chiller. The achievable energy and emissions savings are calculated. The results of the study show that even only decreasing the operating temperature can significantly reduce heat losses via the network pipes. In particular, a temperature drop from 100 °C to 80 °C can reduce heat losses by 27.1%. Furthermore, the heat losses can be decreased by up to 52.8% when the network temperature is lowered from 100 °C to 60 °C. Additionally, the presence of prosumers and the solar field could lead to a 31.3% reduction in the energy produced by the centralized plant and a 17.6% reduction in energy consumed for pumping.

Published
2023
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