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1. Mitigation of DESI fiber assignment incompleteness effect on two-point clustering with small angular scale truncated estimators

Author: Pinon, M., de Mattia, A., McDonald, P., Burtin, E., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., White, M., Bianchi, D., Ross, A. J., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Brooks, D., Cahn, R. N., Chaussidon, E., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., de la Macorra, A., Dey, B., Doel, P., Fanning, K., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gaztañaga, E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Howlett, C., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kremin, A., Lambert, A., Landriau, M., Lasker, J., Guillou, L. Le, Levi, M. E., Manera, M., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Moustakas, J., Myers, A. D., Niz, G., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W. J., Poppett, C., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Sprayberry, D., Tarlé, G., Vargas-Magaña, M., Weaver, B. A., Zarrouk, P., Zhou, R., and Zou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a method to mitigate the effects of fiber assignment incompleteness in two-point power spectrum and correlation function measurements from galaxy spectroscopic surveys, by truncating small angular scales from estimators. We derive the corresponding modified correlation function and power spectrum windows to account for the small angular scale truncation in the theory prediction. We validate this approach on simulations reproducing the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 (DR1) with and without fiber assignment. We show that we recover unbiased cosmological constraints using small angular scale truncated estimators from simulations with fiber assignment incompleteness, with respect to standard estimators from complete simulations. Additionally, we present an approach to remove the sensitivity of the fits to high $k$ modes in the theoretical power spectrum, by applying a transformation to the data vector and window matrix. We find that our method efficiently mitigates the effect of fiber assignment incompleteness in two-point correlation function and power spectrum measurements, at low computational cost and with little statistical loss., Comment: 36 pages, 23 figures, typos corrected, clarifications added
Published: 2024

2. Validating the Galaxy and Quasar Catalog-Level Blinding Scheme for the DESI 2024 analysis

Author: Andrade, U., Mena-Fernández, J., Awan, H., Ross, A. J., Brieden, S., Pan, J., de Mattia, A., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alves, O., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Chaussidon, E., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., de la Macorra, A., Dey, Arjun, Doel, P., Fanning, K., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gaztañaga, E., Gil-Marín, H., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Guy, J., Hahn, C., Hanif, M. M. S, Honscheid, K., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Juneau, S., Kremin, A., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Levi, M. E., Manera, M., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Newman, J. A., Nie, J., Niz, G., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W. J., Pinon, M., Poppett, C., Prada, F., Rashkovetskyi, M., Rezaie, M., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Sprayberry, D., Tarlé, G., Vargas-Magaña, M., Verde, L., and Weaver, B. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: In the era of precision cosmology, ensuring the integrity of data analysis through blinding techniques is paramount -- a challenge particularly relevant for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). DESI represents a monumental effort to map the cosmic web, with the goal to measure the redshifts of tens of millions of galaxies and quasars. Given the data volume and the impact of the findings, the potential for confirmation bias poses a significant challenge. To address this, we implement and validate a comprehensive blind analysis strategy for DESI Data Release 1 (DR1), tailored to the specific observables DESI is most sensitive to: Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Redshift-Space Distortion (RSD) and primordial non-Gaussianities (PNG). We carry out the blinding at the catalog level, implementing shifts in the redshifts of the observed galaxies to blind for BAO and RSD signals and weights to blind for PNG through a scale-dependent bias. We validate the blinding technique on mocks, as well as on data by applying a second blinding layer to perform a battery of sanity checks. We find that the blinding strategy alters the data vector in a controlled way such that the BAO and RSD analysis choices do not need any modification before and after unblinding. The successful validation of the blinding strategy paves the way for the unblinded DESI DR1 analysis, alongside future blind analyses with DESI and other surveys., Comment: Supporting publication of "DESI 2024 II: Sample definitions, characteristics, and two-point clustering statistics", "DESI 2024 III: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Galaxies and Quasars", and "DESI 2024 V: Analysis of the full shape of two-point clustering statistics from galaxies and quasars". (v2 - update DESI references)
Published: 2024

3. DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

Author: DESI Collaboration, Adame, A. G., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, S., Alexander, D. M., Alvarez, M., Alves, O., Anand, A., Andrade, U., Armengaud, E., Avila, S., Aviles, A., Awan, H., Bahr-Kalus, B., Bailey, S., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Behera, J., BenZvi, S., Bera, A., Beutler, F., Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blum, R., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burtin, E., Calderon, R., Canning, R., Rosell, A. Carnero, Cereskaite, R., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Chen, S., Chen, X., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., de la Macorra, A., de Mattia, A., Deiosso, N., Dey, A., Dey, B., Ding, Z., Doel, P., Edelstein, J., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Elliott, A., Fagrelius, P., Fanning, K., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Findlay, N., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Sánchez, D., Forero-Romero, J. E., Frenk, C. S., Garcia-Quintero, C., Gaztañaga, E., Gil-Marín, H., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Green, D., Gruen, D., Gsponer, R., Gutierrez, G., Guy, J., Hadzhiyska, B., Hahn, C., Hanif, M. M. S, Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Juneau, S., Karaçaylı, N. G., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Kirkby, D., Kremin, A., Krolewski, A., Lai, Y., Lan, T. -W., Landriau, M., Lang, D., Lasker, J., Goff, J. M. Le, Guillou, L. Le, Leauthaud, A., Levi, M. E., Li, T. S., Linder, E., Lodha, K., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Margala, D., Martini, P., Maus, M., McDonald, P., Medina-Varela, L., Meisner, A., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Moon, J., Moore, S., Moustakas, J., Mudur, N., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Napolitano, L., Neveux, R., Newman, J. A., Nguyen, N. M., Nie, J., Niz, G., Noriega, H. E., Padmanabhan, N., Paillas, E., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Pan, J., Penmetsa, S., Percival, W. J., Pieri, M. M., Pinon, M., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Prada, F., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Rabinowitz, D., Raichoor, A., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ramirez-Solano, S., Ravoux, C., Rashkovetskyi, M., Rezaie, M., Rich, J., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Roe, N. A., Rosado-Marin, A., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Shafieloo, A., Sharples, R., Silber, J., Slosar, A., Smith, A., Sprayberry, D., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Taylor, P., Trusov, S., Ureña-López, L. A., Vaisakh, R., Valcin, D., Valdes, F., Vargas-Magaña, M., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, N., Wechsler, R. H., Weinberg, D. H., White, M., Yu, J., Yu, Y., Yuan, S., Yèche, C., Zaborowski, E. A., Zarrouk, P., Zhang, H., Zhao, C., Zhao, R., Zhou, R., Zhuang, T., and Zou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest tracers from the first year of observations from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), to be released in the DESI Data Release 1. DESI BAO provide robust measurements of the transverse comoving distance and Hubble rate, or their combination, relative to the sound horizon, in seven redshift bins from over 6 million extragalactic objects in the redshift range $0.1-1$ and $w_a<0$. This preference is 2.6$\sigma$ for the DESI+CMB combination, and persists or grows when SN~Ia are added in, giving results discrepant with the $\Lambda$CDM model at the $2.5\sigma$, $3.5\sigma$ or $3.9\sigma$ levels for the addition of Pantheon+, Union3, or DES-SN5YR datasets respectively. For the flat $\Lambda$CDM model with the sum of neutrino mass $\sum m_\nu$ free, combining the DESI and CMB data yields an upper limit $\sum m_\nu < 0.072$ $(0.113)$ eV at 95% confidence for a $\sum m_\nu>0$ $(\sum m_\nu>0.059)$ eV prior. These neutrino-mass constraints are substantially relaxed in models beyond $\Lambda$CDM. [Abridged.], Comment: This DESI Collaboration Key Publication is part of the 2024 publication series using the first year of observations (see https://data.desi.lbl.gov/doc/papers). Typos corrected and a new figure and discussion added to Appendix A
Published: 2024

4. DESI 2024 IV: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman Alpha Forest

Author: DESI Collaboration, Adame, A. G., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, S., Alexander, D. M., Alvarez, M., Alves, O., Anand, A., Andrade, U., Armengaud, E., Avila, S., Aviles, A., Awan, H., Bailey, S., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Bautista, J., Behera, J., BenZvi, S., Beutler, F., Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blum, R., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burtin, E., Calderon, R., Canning, R., Rosell, A. Carnero, Cereskaite, R., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Chen, S., Chen, X., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., de la Cruz, R., de la Macorra, A., de Mattia, A., Deiosso, N., Dey, A., Dey, B., Ding, J., Ding, Z., Doel, P., Edelstein, J., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Elliott, A., Fagrelius, P., Fanning, K., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Findlay, N., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Sánchez, D., Forero-Romero, J. E., Garcia-Quintero, C., Gaztañaga, E., Gil-Marín, H., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Green, D., Gruen, D., Gsponer, R., Gutierrez, G., Guy, J., Hadzhiyska, B., Hahn, C., Hanif, M. M. S, Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Juneau, S., Karaçayli, N. G., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Kirkby, D., Kremin, A., Krolewski, A., Lai, Y., Lan, T. -W., Landriau, M., Lang, D., Lasker, J., Goff, J. M. Le, Guillou, L. Le, Leauthaud, A., Levi, M. E., Li, T. S., Linder, E., Lodha, K., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Margala, D., Martini, P., Maus, M., McDonald, P., Medina-Varela, L., Meisner, A., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Moon, J., Moore, S., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Napolitano, L., Neveux, R., Newman, J. A., Nguyen, N. M., Nie, J., Niz, G., Noriega, H. E., Padmanabhan, N., Paillas, E., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Pan, J., Penmetsa, S., Percival, W. J., Pieri, M. M., Pinon, M., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Prada, F., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Rabinowitz, D., Raichoor, A., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ramirez-Solano, S., Rashkovetskyi, M., Ravoux, C., Rezaie, M., Rich, J., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Roe, N. A., Rosado-Marin, A., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Sharples, R., Silber, J., Sinigaglia, F., Slosar, A., Smith, A., Sprayberry, D., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Trusov, S., Vaisakh, R., Valcin, D., Valdes, F., Vargas-Magaña, M., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, N., Wechsler, R. H., Weinberg, D. H., White, M., Yu, J., Yu, Y., Yuan, S., Yèche, C., Zaborowski, E. A., Zarrouk, P., Zhang, H., Zhao, C., Zhao, R., Zhou, R., and Zou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the measurement of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from the Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) forest of high-redshift quasars with the first-year dataset of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Our analysis uses over $420\,000$ Ly$\alpha$ forest spectra and their correlation with the spatial distribution of more than $700\,000$ quasars. An essential facet of this work is the development of a new analysis methodology on a blinded dataset. We conducted rigorous tests using synthetic data to ensure the reliability of our methodology and findings before unblinding. Additionally, we conducted multiple data splits to assess the consistency of the results and scrutinized various analysis approaches to confirm their robustness. For a given value of the sound horizon ($r_d$), we measure the expansion at $z_{\rm eff}=2.33$ with 2\% precision, $H(z_{\rm eff}) = (239.2 \pm 4.8) (147.09~{\rm Mpc} /r_d)$ km/s/Mpc. Similarly, we present a 2.4\% measurement of the transverse comoving distance to the same redshift, $D_M(z_{\rm eff}) = (5.84 \pm 0.14) (r_d/147.09~{\rm Mpc})$ Gpc. Together with other DESI BAO measurements at lower redshifts, these results are used in a companion paper to constrain cosmological parameters., Comment: This DESI Collaboration Key Publication is part of the 2024 publication series using the first year of observations (see https://data.desi.lbl.gov/doc/papers). Minor changes in v4, version accepted for publication in JCAP
Published: 2024

5. DESI 2024 III: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Galaxies and Quasars

Author: DESI Collaboration, Adame, A. G., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, S., Alexander, D. M., Alvarez, M., Alves, O., Anand, A., Andrade, U., Armengaud, E., Avila, S., Aviles, A., Awan, H., Bailey, S., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Behera, J., BenZvi, S., Beutler, F., Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blum, R., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burtin, E., Calderon, R., Canning, R., Rosell, A. Carnero, Cereskaite, R., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Chen, S., Chen, X., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., de la Macorra, A., de Mattia, A., Deiosso, N., Dey, A., Dey, B., Ding, Z., Doel, P., Edelstein, J., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Elliott, A., Fagrelius, P., Fanning, K., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Findlay, N., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Sánchez, D., Forero-Romero, J. E., Garcia-Quintero, C., Gaztañaga, E., Gil-Marín, H., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Green, D., Gruen, D., Gsponer, R., Gutierrez, G., Guy, J., Hadzhiyska, B., Hahn, C., Hanif, M. M. S, Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Juneau, S., Karaçaylı, N. G., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Kirkby, D., Kremin, A., Krolewski, A., Lai, Y., Lan, T. -W., Landriau, M., Lang, D., Lasker, J., Goff, J. M. Le, Guillou, L. Le, Leauthaud, A., Levi, M. E., Li, T. S., Linder, E., Lodha, K., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Margala, D., Martini, P., Maus, M., McDonald, P., Medina-Varela, L., Meisner, A., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Moon, J., Moore, S., Moustakas, J., Mudur, N., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Napolitano, L., Neveux, R., Newman, J. A., Nguyen, N. M., Nie, J., Niz, G., Noriega, H. E., Padmanabhan, N., Paillas, E., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Pan, J., Penmetsa, S., Percival, W. J., Pieri, M., Pinon, M., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Prada, F., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Rabinowitz, D., Raichoor, A., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ramirez-Solano, S., Rashkovetskyi, M., Rezaie, M., Rich, J., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Roe, N. A., Rosado-Marin, A., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Sharples, R., Silber, J., Slosar, A., Smith, A., Sprayberry, D., Swanson, J., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Trusov, S., Vaisakh, R., Valcin, D., Valdes, F., Vargas-Magaña, M., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, N., Wechsler, R. H., Weinberg, D. H., White, M., Yu, J., Yu, Y., Yuan, S., Yèche, C., Zaborowski, E. A., Zarrouk, P., Zhang, H., Zhao, C., Zhao, R., Zhou, R., and Zou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the DESI 2024 galaxy and quasar baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements using over 5.7 million unique galaxy and quasar redshifts in the range 0.1
Published: 2024

6. Network intrusion detection system for DDoS attacks in ICS using deep autoencoders

Author: Ortega-Fernandez, Ines, Sestelo, Marta, Burguillo, Juan C., and Piñón-Blanco, Camilo
Published: 2024
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7. SUNBIRD: A simulation-based model for full-shape density-split clustering

Author: Cuesta-Lazaro, Carolina, Paillas, Enrique, Yuan, Sihan, Cai, Yan-Chuan, Nadathur, Seshadri, Percival, Will J., Beutler, Florian, de Mattia, Arnaud, Eisenstein, Daniel, Forero-Sanchez, Daniel, Padilla, Nelson, Pinon, Mathilde, Ruhlmann-Kleider, Vanina, Sánchez, Ariel G., Valogiannis, Georgios, and Zarrouk, Pauline
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Combining galaxy clustering information from regions of different environmental densities can help break cosmological parameter degeneracies and access non-Gaussian information from the density field that is not readily captured by the standard two-point correlation function (2PCF) analyses. However, modelling these density-dependent statistics down to the non-linear regime has so far remained challenging. We present a simulation-based model that is able to capture the cosmological dependence of the full shape of the density-split clustering (DSC) statistics down to intra-halo scales. Our models are based on neural-network emulators that are trained on high-fidelity mock galaxy catalogues within an extended-$\Lambda$CDM framework, incorporating the effects of redshift-space, Alcock-Paczynski distortions and models of the halo-galaxy connection. Our models reach sub-percent level accuracy down to $1\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$ and are robust against different choices of galaxy-halo connection modelling. When combined with the galaxy 2PCF, DSC can tighten the constraints on $\omega_{\rm cdm}$, $\sigma_8$, and $n_s$ by factors of 2.9, 1.9, and 2.1, respectively, compared to a 2PCF-only analysis. DSC additionally puts strong constraints on environment-based assembly bias parameters. Our code is made publicly available on Github., Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. Source code to generate the figures available in the captions. Updated to add missing references
Published: 2023

8. Cosmological constraints from density-split clustering in the BOSS CMASS galaxy sample

Author: Paillas, Enrique, Cuesta-Lazaro, Carolina, Percival, Will J., Nadathur, Seshadri, Cai, Yan-Chuan, Yuan, Sihan, Beutler, Florian, de Mattia, Arnaud, Eisenstein, Daniel, Forero-Sanchez, Daniel, Padilla, Nelson, Pinon, Mathilde, Ruhlmann-Kleider, Vanina, Sánchez, Ariel G., Valogiannis, Georgios, and Zarrouk, Pauline
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a clustering analysis of the BOSS DR12 CMASS galaxy sample, combining measurements of the galaxy two-point correlation function and density-split clustering down to a scale of $1\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$. Our theoretical framework is based on emulators trained on high-fidelity mock galaxy catalogues that forward model the cosmological dependence of the clustering statistics within an extended-$\Lambda$CDM framework, including redshift-space and Alcock-Paczynski distortions. Our base-$\Lambda$CDM analysis finds $\omega_{\rm cdm} = 0.1201\pm 0.0022$, $\sigma_8 = 0.792\pm 0.034$, and $n_s = 0.970\pm 0.018$, corresponding to $f\sigma_8 = 0.462\pm 0.020$ at $z \approx 0.525$, which is in agreement with Planck 2018 predictions and various clustering studies in the literature. We test single-parameter extensions to base-$\Lambda$CDM, varying the running of the spectral index, the dark energy equation of state, and the density of massless relic neutrinos, finding no compelling evidence for deviations from the base model. We model the galaxy-halo connection using a halo occupation distribution framework, finding signatures of environment-based assembly bias in the data. We validate our pipeline against mock catalogues that match the clustering and selection properties of CMASS, showing that we can recover unbiased cosmological constraints even with a volume 84 times larger than the one used in this study., Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. Source code to generate the figures available in the captions. Updated to add missing references and fix legend of Fig. 6
Published: 2023

9. Efficiency Separation between RL Methods: Model-Free, Model-Based and Goal-Conditioned

Author: Pinon, Brieuc, Jungers, Raphaël, and Delvenne, Jean-Charles
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: We prove a fundamental limitation on the efficiency of a wide class of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. This limitation applies to model-free RL methods as well as a broad range of model-based methods, such as planning with tree search. Under an abstract definition of this class, we provide a family of RL problems for which these methods suffer a lower bound exponential in the horizon for their interactions with the environment to find an optimal behavior. However, there exists a method, not tailored to this specific family of problems, which can efficiently solve the problems in the family. In contrast, our limitation does not apply to several types of methods proposed in the literature, for instance, goal-conditioned methods or other algorithms that construct an inverse dynamics model.
Published: 2023

10. Correction: Microbicidal Polymer Nanoparticles Containing Clotrimazole for Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Author: Lara-Sánchez, María del Rocío, Ganem-Rondero, Adriana, Nava-Arzaluz, María Guadalupe, Becerril-Osnaya, Andrea Angela, Pérez-Carranza, Laura Abril, Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio, Mendoza-Muñoz, Néstor, and Piñón-Segundo, Elizabeth
Published: 2024
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11. Microbicidal Polymer Nanoparticles Containing Clotrimazole for Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Author: del Rocío Lara-Sánchez, María, Ganem-Rondero, Adriana, Nava-Arzaluz, María Guadalupe, Becerril-Osnaya, Andrea Angela, Pérez-Carranza, Laura Abril, Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio, Mendoza-Muñoz, Néstor, and Piñón-Segundo, Elizabeth
Published: 2024
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12. Cirugía cardiovascular y cardiología, situación actual en España de las dos especialidades hermanas: el estudio CARDIOXCARDIO

Author: Iván J. Núñez-Gil, Emiliano A. Rodríguez-Caulo, M. Dolores García-Cosío, Miguel Piñón, Felipe Díez-Del Hoyo, Andrea Eixerés, Fernando Carrasco-Chinchilla, José López-Menéndez, Julián Pérez-Villacastín, and Jorge Rodríguez-Roda
Subjects: Cardiology, Cardiac surgery, Cardiovascular surgery, Relationship, Medicine, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Resumen: En los últimos años se ha apreciado un cambio notable en la práctica clínica cardiovascular en cardiología y cirugía. El objetivo del estudio CARDIOXCARDIO es conocer la opinión de los profesionales respecto al modo de trabajo y las relaciones entre especialidades. Se realizó una encuesta remitida simultáneamente a los 4.442 miembros de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Endovascular (SECCE) y de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología (SEC), de la cual se obtuvieron 385 respuestas válidas. El 59% de los encuestados eran varones, mayoritariamente especialistas (el 7,3% residentes), y el 74,8% pertenecía al ámbito de la cardiología, predominantemente en centros públicos (88,3%). Mediante una escala Likert de 1 a 5 (de peor a mejor), los encuestados puntuaron la relación entre cirugía y cardiología con una media de 3,57 ± 0,9 puntos. La opinión de los cardiólogos sobre los cirujanos alcanzó una puntuación media de 3,83 ± 0,8 y viceversa, una media de 3,92 ± 0,72. Además, proporcionaron múltiples sugerencias de mejora que se discuten en detalle, con ciertas diferencias de criterio entre especialidades. La implementación de estrategias basadas en las sugerencias de los profesionales, junto con un enfoque proactivo en la mejora continua, podría tener un impacto sustancial en la calidad de la atención cardiovascular en España. Abstract: In recent years, there has been a notable shift in cardiovascular clinical practice within cardiology and surgery. The CARDIOXCARDIO study aimed to identify professionals’ opinions on working practices and relations between specialties. A survey was simultaneously sent to the 4442 members of the Spanish Society of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery (SECCE) and the Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC), yielding 385 valid responses. More than half (59%) of respondents were men, mostly specialists (7.3% residents), and 74.8% worked in the field of cardiology, predominantly in public centers (88.3%). Using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 (worst to best), respondents rated relations between surgery and cardiology with an average of 3.57 ± 0.9 points. Cardiologists rated surgeons with a mean score of 3.83 ± 0.8, while surgeons gave cardiologists a mean score of 3,92 ± 0.72. In addition, respondents provided numerous suggestions for improvement, which are discussed in detail, highlighting certain discrepancies in criteria between specialties. Implementing strategies based on the suggestions of professionals, together with a proactive approach to continuous improvement, could substantially enhance the quality of cardiovascular care in Spain.
Published: 2024
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13. Emergent Bilingual Learner Education -- Literature Review

Author: Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA), Piñón, Lizdelia, Carreón-Sánchez, Sulema, and Bishop, Sarah
Abstract: Schools are required by the U.S. Constitution, federal and state legislation, and court rulings to ensure equity and excellent education for emergent bilingual students. This literature reviews those policies, related funding and the history of poor quality of instruction provided to these learners. It also describes the research on bilingual education approaches, best practices for instruction and program design, and teacher preparation and recruitment.
Published: 2022

14. Anomaly detection in image or latent space of patch-based auto-encoders for industrial image analysis

Author: Pinon, Nicolas, Trombetta, Robin, and Lartizien, Carole
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract: We study several methods for detecting anomalies in color images, constructed on patch-based auto-encoders. Wecompare the performance of three types of methods based, first, on the error between the original image and its reconstruction,second, on the support estimation of the normal image distribution in the latent space, and third, on the error between the originalimage and a restored version of the reconstructed image. These methods are evaluated on the industrial image database MVTecADand compared to two competitive state-of-the-art methods., Comment: in French language. GRETSI 2023 : XXIX{\`e}me Colloque Francophone de Traitement du Signal et des Images, Aug 2023, Grenoble, France
Published: 2023

15. Strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat kidney disease related to systemic arterial hypertension: a narrative review from the Mexican Group of Experts on Arterial Hypertension

Author: Palomo-Piñón, Silvia, Enciso-Muñoz, José Manuel, Meaney, Eduardo, Díaz-Domínguez, Ernesto, Cardona-Muller, David, Pérez, Fabiola Pazos, Cantoral-Farfán, Emilia, Anda-Garay, Juan Carlos, Mijangos-Chavez, Janet, and Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo
Published: 2024
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16. One-Class SVM on siamese neural network latent space for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection on brain MRI White Matter Hyperintensities

Author: Pinon, Nicolas, Trombetta, Robin, and Lartizien, Carole
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Anomaly detection remains a challenging task in neuroimaging when little to no supervision is available and when lesions can be very small or with subtle contrast. Patch-based representation learning has shown powerful representation capacities when applied to industrial or medical imaging and outlier detection methods have been applied successfully to these images. In this work, we propose an unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) method based on a latent space constructed by a siamese patch-based auto-encoder and perform the outlier detection with a One-Class SVM training paradigm tailored to the lesion detection task in multi-modality neuroimaging. We evaluate performances of this model on a public database, the White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) challenge and show in par performance with the two best performing state-of-the-art methods reported so far.
Published: 2023

17. Brain subtle anomaly detection based on auto-encoders latent space analysis : application to de novo parkinson patients

Author: Pinon, Nicolas, Oudoumanessah, Geoffroy, Trombetta, Robin, Dojat, Michel, Forbes, Florence, and Lartizien, Carole
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Neural network-based anomaly detection remains challenging in clinical applications with little or no supervised information and subtle anomalies such as hardly visible brain lesions. Among unsupervised methods, patch-based auto-encoders with their efficient representation power provided by their latent space, have shown good results for visible lesion detection. However, the commonly used reconstruction error criterion may limit their performance when facing less obvious lesions. In this work, we design two alternative detection criteria. They are derived from multivariate analysis and can more directly capture information from latent space representations. Their performance compares favorably with two additional supervised learning methods, on a difficult de novo Parkinson Disease (PD) classification task.
Published: 2023

18. Detection of anti-HCV antibodies and risk factors in a population with access to public healthcare in Mexico

Author: B. Ríos-Castillo, C. Duque-Molina, G. Borrayo-Sánchez, J.H. Medina-Chávez, E. Pineda-Ruiz, A. Rosales-Piñón, M.R. Niebla-Fuentes, A.M. Santana-Ramírez, S.C. Treviño-Pérez, R. Avilés-Hernández, and A. Reyna-Sevilla
Subjects: Hepatitis C, Anticuerpos contra la hepatitis C, Exposición profesional, Lesiones por pinchazo de aguja, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract: Introduction and aim: Timely detection and diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) involves identifying the population that is predisposed to treatment and prevention, thus limiting complications and preventing infection. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe risk factors associated with anti-HCV antibody detection in a population with access to public healthcare that participated in a national screening program. Material and methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted that utilized data related to rapid tests carried out between September 2021 and October 2022 in 26 of the 32 states of Mexico. Anti-HCV reactive tests were selected, according to age and sex, for analyzing and comparing possible risk factors through descriptive and inferential statistics. The geographic distribution and density of the screening program at the state and municipal levels was analyzed. Results: There were 75,185 anti-HCV antibody detections, 2,052 reactive tests, and mean participant age was 44.3 years (±15.1). Occupation: 32.3% were employees, 19% were housewives, and 18.2% were healthcare workers. Five out of every 10 cases had no indication of risk factors, but there was a 1.4 and 5-times greater likelihood of anti-HCV detection in men with a history of sharps injury or intravenous psychoactive substance use, compared with women. Regarding place of residence, 80% of the reactive tests were concentrated in the State of Mexico, Mexico City, and Guanajuato. Conclusions: The evidence herein helps determine the population and risk factors that should be focused on in carrying out the HCV microelimination strategy of continuous screening, diagnosis, medical treatment access, and epidemiologic surveillance. Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: La detección y el diagnóstico oportuno del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) implica identificar la población susceptible de tratamiento, prevenir, limitar complicaciones y evitar contagios. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y describir los factores de riesgo asociados a la detección de anticuerpos contra el VHC (anti-VHC) en la población con acceso a la seguridad social que participó en programa nacional de tamizaje. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal/analítico que utilizó datos relacionados con pruebas rápidas realizadas entre septiembre de 2021 y octubre de 2022 en 26 de las 32 entidades federativas de México. Se seleccionaron los reactivos anti-VHC para analizar y comparar, según sexo y edad, los posibles factores de riesgo mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se analizó la distribución y la densidad geográfica del programa de tamizaje a nivel de la entidad federativa y del municipio. Resultados: Se realizaron 75,185 detecciones anti-VHC; 2,052 reactivos (2.7%), promedio 44.3 años (±15.1). Ocupación: 32.3% empleado, 19% ama de casa y 18.2% trabajador de sector salud. Hasta 5 de cada 10 pacientes no indicaron factores de riesgo, pero en comparación con las mujeres, los varones con antecedente de accidente con material punzocortante o uso de sustancias psicoactivas intravenosas mostraron 1.4 y 5 veces más probabilidad de detección anti-VHC. Según el lugar de residencia, el 80% de los reactivos se concentró en Estado de México, CDMX y Guanajuato. Conclusiones: La evidencia sugiere cuál es la población y los factores de riesgo en los que se debe focalizar la estrategia de microeliminación del VHC, mediante el continuo tamizaje, diagnóstico, acceso a tratamiento médico y seguimiento epidemiológico.
Published: 2024
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19. Detección de anticuerpos contra el VHC y los factores de riesgo en la población con acceso a la seguridad social en México

Author: B. Ríos-Castillo, C. Duque-Molina, G. Borrayo-Sánchez, J.H. Medina-Chávez, E. Pineda-Ruiz, A. Rosales-Piñón, M.R. Niebla-Fuentes, A.M. Santana-Ramírez, S.C. Treviño-Pérez, R. Avilés-Hernández, and A. Reyna-Sevilla
Subjects: Hepatitis C, Anti-hepatitis C antibodies, Workplace exposure, Sharps injury, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract: Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: La detección y el diagnóstico oportuno del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) implica identificar la población susceptible de tratamiento, prevenir, limitar complicaciones y evitar contagios. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y describir los factores de riesgo asociados a la detección de anticuerpos contra el VHC (anti-VHC) en la población con acceso a la seguridad social que participó en programa nacional de tamizaje. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal/analítico que utilizó datos relacionados con pruebas rápidas realizadas entre septiembre de 2021 y octubre de 2022 en 26 de las 32 entidades federativas de México. Se seleccionaron los reactivos anti-VHC para analizar y comparar, según sexo y edad, los posibles factores de riesgo mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se analizó la distribución y la densidad geográfica del programa de tamizaje a nivel de la entidad federativa y del municipio. Resultados: Se realizaron 75,185 detecciones anti-VHC; 2,052 reactivos (2.7%), promedio 44.3 años (±15.1). Ocupación: 32.3% empleado, 19% ama de casa y 18.2% trabajador de sector salud. Hasta 5 de cada 10 pacientes no indicaron factores de riesgo, pero en comparación con las mujeres, los varones con antecedente de accidente con material punzocortante o uso de sustancias psicoactivas intravenosas mostraron 1.4 y 5 veces más probabilidad de detección anti-VHC. Según el lugar de residencia, el 80% de los reactivos se concentró en Estado de México, CDMX y Guanajuato. Conclusiones: La evidencia sugiere cuál es la población y los factores de riesgo en los que se debe focalizar la estrategia de microeliminación del VHC, mediante el continuo tamizaje, diagnóstico, acceso a tratamiento médico y seguimiento epidemiológico. Abstract: Introduction and aim: Timely detection and diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) involves identifying the population that is predisposed to treatment and prevention, thus limiting complications and preventing infection. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe risk factors associated with anti-HCV antibody detection in a population with access to public healthcare that participated in a national screening program. Material and methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted that utilized data related to rapid tests carried out between September 2021 and October 2022 in 26 of the 32 states of Mexico. Anti-HCV reactive tests were selected, according to age and sex, for analyzing and comparing possible risk factors through descriptive and inferential statistics. The geographic distribution and density of the screening program at the state and municipal levels was analyzed. Results: There were 75,185 anti-HCV antibody detections, 2,052 reactive tests, and mean participant age was 44.3 years (±15.1). Occupation: 32.3% were employees, 19% were housewives, and 18.2% were healthcare workers. Five out of every 10 cases had no indication of risk factors, but there was a 1.4 and 5-times greater likelihood of anti-HCV detection in men with a history of sharps injury or intravenous psychoactive substance use, compared with women. Regarding place of residence, 80% of the reactive tests were concentrated in the State of Mexico, Mexico City, and Guanajuato. Conclusions: The evidence herein helps determine the population and risk factors that should be focused on in carrying out the HCV microelimination strategy of continuous screening, diagnosis, medical treatment access, and epidemiologic surveillance.
Published: 2024
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20. Effect of the AuNPs@amox system on antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Author: Balderrama-González, Andrea-Sarahí, Piñón-Castillo, Hilda-Amelia, Ramírez-Valdespino, Claudia-Adriana, Reyes-Martínez, Reyna, and Esparza-Ponce, Hilda-Esperanza
Published: 2024
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21. First description of adenosine production by Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, causal agent of chestnut brown rot

Author: González-Jartín, Jesús M., Aguín, Olga, Rodríguez-Cañás, Inés, Alvariño, Rebeca, Sainz, María J., Vieytes, Mercedes R., Rial, Cristina, Piñón, Pilar, Salinero, Carmen, Alfonso, Amparo, and Botana, Luis M.
Published: 2024
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22. Dynamic Predictive Sampling Analog to Digital Converter for Sparse Signal Sensing

Author: Tang, Xiaochen, Renteria-Pinon, Mario, and Tang, Wei
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract: This paper presents a dynamic predictive sampling (DPS) based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that provides a non-uniform sampling of input analog continuous-time signals. The processing unit generates a dynamic prediction of the input signal using two prior-quantized samplings to compute digital values of an upper threshold and a lower threshold. The digital threshold values are converted to analog thresholds to form a tracking window. A comparator compares the input analog signal with the tracking window to determine if the prediction is successful. A counter records timestamps between the unsuccessful predictions, which are the selected sampling points for quantization. No quantization is performed for successfully predicted sampling points so that the data throughput and power can be saved. The proposed circuits were designed as a 10-bit ADC using 0.18 micro CMOS process sampling at 1 kHz. The results show that the proposed system can achieve a data compression factor of 6.17 and a power saving factor of 31% compared to a Nyquist rate SAR ADC for ECG monitoring., Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2022

23. Fully Digital Second-order Level-crossing Sampling ADC for Data Saving in Sensing Sparse Signals

Author: Renteria-Pinon, Mario, Tang, Xiaochen, Ramirez-Angulo, Jaime, and Tang, Wei
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract: This paper presents a fully integrated second-order level-crossing sampling data converter for real-time data compression and feature extraction. Compared with level-sampling ADCs which sample at fixed voltage levels, the proposed circuits updates tracking thresholds using linear extrapolation, which forms a second-order level-crossing sampling ADC that has sloped sampling levels. The computing is done digitally and is implemented by modifying the digital control logic of a conventional SAR ADC. The system selects only the turning points in the input waveform for quantization. The output of the proposed data converter consists of both the digital value of the selected sampling points and the timestamp between the selected sampling points. The main advantages are data savings and power savings for the data converter and the following digital signal processing or communication circuits, which are ideal for low-power sensors. The test chip was fabricated using a 180nm CMOS process. The proposed ADC saves 30% compared to a conventional SAR ADC and achieves a compression factor of 6.17 for tracking ECG signals., Comment: Manuscript revised according to reviewers' suggestions, will upload a new version
Published: 2022

24. Constraining {\nu}{\Lambda}CDM with density-split clustering

Author: Paillas, Enrique, Cuesta-Lazaro, Carolina, Zarrouk, Pauline, Cai, Yan-Chuan, Percival, Will J., Nadathur, Seshadri, Pinon, Mathilde, de Mattia, Arnaud, and Beutler, Florian
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The dependence of galaxy clustering on local density provides an effective method for extracting non-Gaussian information from galaxy surveys. The two-point correlation function (2PCF) provides a complete statistical description of a Gaussian density field. However, the late-time density field becomes non-Gaussian due to non-linear gravitational evolution and higher-order summary statistics are required to capture all of its cosmological information. Using a Fisher formalism based on halo catalogues from the Quijote simulations, we explore the possibility of retrieving this information using the density-split clustering (DS) method, which combines clustering statistics from regions of different environmental density. We show that DS provides more precise constraints on the parameters of the $\nu \Lambda$CDM model compared to the 2PCF, and we provide suggestions for where the extra information may come from. DS improves the constraints on the sum of neutrino masses by a factor of $7$ and by factors of 4, 3, 3, 6, and 5 for $\Omega_{\rm m}$, $\Omega_{\rm b}$, $h$, $n_s$, and $\sigma_8$, respectively. We compare DS statistics when the local density environment is estimated from the real or redshift-space positions of haloes. The inclusion of DS autocorrelation functions, in addition to the cross-correlation functions between DS environments and haloes, recovers most of the information that is lost when using the redshift-space halo positions to estimate the environment. We discuss the possibility of constructing simulation-based methods to model DS clustering statistics in different scenarios., Comment: Author's accepted manuscript
Published: 2022
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25. A model-based approach to meta-Reinforcement Learning: Transformers and tree search

Author: Pinon, Brieuc, Delvenne, Jean-Charles, and Jungers, Raphaël
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Meta-learning is a line of research that develops the ability to leverage past experiences to efficiently solve new learning problems. Meta-Reinforcement Learning (meta-RL) methods demonstrate a capability to learn behaviors that efficiently acquire and exploit information in several meta-RL problems. In this context, the Alchemy benchmark has been proposed by Wang et al. [2021]. Alchemy features a rich structured latent space that is challenging for state-of-the-art model-free RL methods. These methods fail to learn to properly explore then exploit. We develop a model-based algorithm. We train a model whose principal block is a Transformer Encoder to fit the symbolic Alchemy environment dynamics. Then we define an online planner with the learned model using a tree search method. This algorithm significantly outperforms previously applied model-free RL methods on the symbolic Alchemy problem. Our results reveal the relevance of model-based approaches with online planning to perform exploration and exploitation successfully in meta-RL. Moreover, we show the efficiency of the Transformer architecture to learn complex dynamics that arise from latent spaces present in meta-RL problems.
Published: 2022

26. Clinical and treatment profiles of arterial hypertension in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey endorsed by the 'Collaborative Group on Arterial Hypertension'

Author: Silvia Palomo-Piñón, Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa, Ricardo Alfonso Rangel-Zertuche, María Guadalupe Berumen-Lechuga, Julio Manuel Medina-Serrano, Luis Rey García-Cortés, Oliva Mejia-Rodríguez, María de la Luz León-Vázquez, Roxana del Socorro González-Dzib, Vidal José González-Coronado, Cleto Álvarez-Aguilar, José Ramón Paniagua-Sierra, Luis Alcocer, and the Collaborative Group on Arterial Hypertension from the Mexican Institute of Social Security
Subjects: hypertension, blood pressure, epidemiology, public health, disease management, COVID-19, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundArterial hypertension is highly prevalent in Mexico; nevertheless, there are limited insights regarding its management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we estimate the prevalence of clinical and treatment profiles of arterial hypertension and explore associated factors for undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension using a cross-sectional survey endorsed by the Collaborative Group on Arterial Hypertension from the Mexican Institute of Social Security.MethodsOur survey was conducted from May to November 2021 using the May-Measurement Month 2021 protocols of the International Society of Hypertension. Arterial hypertension (defined as: blood pressure [BP] ≥140/90 mmHg, previous diagnosis, or taking antihypertensives) and its clinical and treatment profiles were classified according to the World Hypertension League Expert Committee. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to explore associated factors for undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension.ResultsAmong 77,145 screened participants (women: 62.4%; median age: 46 [IQR: 32–59] years), the prevalence of arterial hypertension was 35.7% (95% CI: 35.3–36.0, n = 27,540). Among participants with arterial hypertension, 30.9% (95% CI: 30.4–31.5, n = 8,533) were undiagnosed, 6.6% (95% CI: 6.3%−6.9%, n = 1,806) were diagnosed but untreated, 43.4% (95% CI: 42.9–44.0, n = 11,965) had uncontrolled hypertension, and only 19% (95% CI: 18.6%−19.5%, n = 5,236) achieved hypertension control (BP < 130/80 mmHg). Explored associated factors for undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension include being men, living in the central and southern regions, lower educational attainments, higher use of pharmacological agents, and previous COVID-19 infection.ConclusionOur findings suggest that adverse arterial hypertension profiles, mainly undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension, were highly prevalent during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.
Published: 2024
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27. Licenciado en Administración Agrotecnológica un profesional que impulsa el sector primario

Author: Piñón-Miramontes Miguel Ángel, Eduwiges Iraida Chávez-Nores, Ricardo Aaron González-Aldana, Alberto Carlos Anchondo-Paredes, and Addy Anchondo-Aguilar
Subjects: empleabilidad, educación superior, desarrollo regional, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Agriculture
Abstract: Tener ubicados a los egresados universitarios dentro del sector laboral, permite crear estrategias de evaluación y retroalimentación para las instituciones de nivel superior. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, identificar el impulso que genera el egresado dentro sector primario, por medio del programa educativo Licenciado en Administración Agrotecnológica en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, a través del seguimiento de egresados 2017-2022. Permitiendo mostrar el área económica donde se desempeñan, así como, el impulso regional que generan dentro del sector primario. La metodología aplicada tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo-descriptivo, el instrumento utilizado fue, una encuesta Google Forms, distribuida mediante: WhatsApp y correo electrónico, ha egresados de los cortes generaciones 2017-2022 y posteriores, logrando recabar 68 encuestas. Los resultados muestran que un 68% se encuentra laborando en el estado de Chihuahua. Un 78% se encuentran laborando actualmente, 60% pertenecen al sector terciario (servicios agrícolas, asesorías técnicas, venta de productos agrícolas), 21% en el sector empresarial, además, hay que descartar que se cuenta con 19% de emprendedurismo.
Published: 2024
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28. Strategies to address diabetic kidney disease burden in Mexico: a narrative review by the Mexican College of Nephrologists

Author: Silvia Palomo-Piñón, Jesús Armando Aguilar-Alonso, Jonathan Samuel Chávez-Iñiguez, Felipe Ericel Hernández-Arellanes, Jesús Antonio Mariano-Murga, Juan Carlos Flores-Rodríguez, María Juana Pérez-López, Fabiola Pazos-Pérez, Alejandro Treviño-Becerra, Aurora E. Guillen-Graf, Jesús Manolo Ramos-Gordillo, Pedro Trinidad-Ramos, and Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa
Subjects: diabetic kidney disease, Mexico, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, iSLGT2, GLP-1, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global public health challenge worldwide. In Mexico, CKD prevalence is alarmingly high and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a severe complication of diabetes, is a leading determinant of CKD. The escalating diabetes prevalence and the complex regional landscape in Mexico underscore the pressing need for tailored strategies to reduce the burden of CKD. This narrative review, endorsed by the Mexican College of Nephrologists, aims to provide a brief overview and specific strategies for healthcare providers regarding preventing, screening, and treating CKD in patients living with diabetes in all care settings. The key topics covered in this review include the main cardiometabolic contributors of DKD (overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia), the identification of kidney-related damage markers, and the benefit of novel pharmacological approaches based on Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA). We also address the potential use of novel therapies based on Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRAs) and their future implications. Emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary treatment, this narrative review aims to promote strategies that may be useful to alleviate the burden of DKD and its associated complications. It underscores the critical role of healthcare providers and advocates for collaborative efforts to enhance the quality of life for millions of patients affected by DKD.
Published: 2024
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29. Adsorption of chemical species onto nanographenes, pristine coronene and anchored systems as coronene−(TiO2)n n=1–4: Insights from ab initio molecular dynamics calculations

Author: A.C. Piñón Reyes, Mohammad Fereidooni, C.V. Paz, Gustavo M. Minquiz, and M. Salazar Villanueva
Subjects: DFT calculations, Electronic and optic properties, Clusters, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations were carried out to evaluate the chemical interaction of CO (carbon monoxide) and NO (nitrogen monoxide) molecules onto nanographenes (NGs) n = 1–6 units; thus, for this range adsorption process is exhibited, excepting for n = 5 desorption is favored. On the other hand, dioxide titanium clusters (TiO2) n = 1–4 were proposed to adsorb CO molecule, atop and parallel adsorption sites were considered to attach CO molecule onto these clusters and four possible isolated models (C1-C4) are generated and as result of this chemical interaction, physisorption was obtained. In order to improve the adsorption of CO molecule, (TiO2)n−CO clusters are deposited onto (NG)2 to play the role as substrate, namely coronene (C) and then a set of nanocomposites are generated to analyze changes on adsorption tendency, for the above systems just CO molecule is considered. Some chemical and structural transition are obtained for largest sizes as well as adsorption energy values are more favored for C−(TiO2)3−CO system due to the close proximity between titanium atom of C-(TiO2)3 clusters and this chemical specie. Therefore, there are substantial chemisorption values in this instance due to the active sites. The values of the electronic gap do not exhibit significant variations, among these nanocomposites, however, the HOMO isosurfaces are shown in distinct ways, and for n ≤ 2 systems examined in this paper, LUMO isosurfaces are displayed at the center of the cluster. In all systems analyzed, the electronic transference goes from chemical species toward atoms at the adsorption site. These results suggest that these C−(TiO2)n nanocomposites are ideal candidates to storing or sense different sort of gases; thereby, these findings can be employed to design a kind of gases storage device for environmentally friendly energy applications.
Published: 2024
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30. Electronic effect on the L3,2 edges generated by Cu 3d and O 1s orbitals in CuO nanofibers, pure and doped with Mn.

Author: Manuel Fidel Piñón Espitia, María Luisa Camacho Ríos, Daniel Lardizábal Gutiérrez, Martha Teresita Ochoa Lara, Saúl Verdugo Miranda, and José Alberto Duarte Moller
Subjects: electrospinning, Cu-L3,2 (2p), XPS, CASTEP, EELS, nanofibers, Science, Science (General), Q1-390, Social Sciences, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: The present work reports a comparative study on CuO and 3.0% Mn-doped CuO nanofibers (NFs) produced by the electrospinning method. State-of-the-art characterization techniques such as Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) and X-Ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) have been employed to determine the multivalent states and elucidate their electronic structure at the Cu-L3,2 (2p) edge. The CASTEP code has been used to model CuO (P1) and Mn-doped (C 2/c) with the GGA-PBE functional on the supercomputing system with the Xeon10 module (10 nuclei). Structural characterization was done by using a CM 200 Philips Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the chemical state of surfaces with ESCALAB 250Xi XPS Thermoscientific TM. The NFs present an indirect energy bandgap, Eg = 2.03 eV and 2.85 eV, respectively. The results show that the Cu-L3,2 edge presents degenerate states associated with Cu 2p - O and Cu 3d - O hybridization, indicated as Cu3+.
Published: 2024
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31. Optical diagnosis in still images of colorectal polyps: comparison between expert endoscopists and PolyDeep, a Computer-Aided Diagnosis system

Author: Pedro Davila-Piñón, Alba Nogueira-Rodríguez, Astrid Irene Díez-Martín, Laura Codesido, Jesús Herrero, Manuel Puga, Laura Rivas, Eloy Sánchez, Florentino Fdez-Riverola, Daniel Glez-Peña, Miguel Reboiro-Jato, Hugo López-Fernández, and Joaquín Cubiella
Subjects: colorectal polyps, colonoscopy, deep learning, CADe/x, artificial intelligence, screening, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: BackgroundPolyDeep is a computer-aided detection and classification (CADe/x) system trained to detect and classify polyps. During colonoscopy, CADe/x systems help endoscopists to predict the histology of colonic lesions.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic performance of PolyDeep and expert endoscopists for the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps on still images.MethodsPolyDeep Image Classification (PIC) is an in vitro diagnostic test study. The PIC database contains NBI images of 491 colorectal polyps with histological diagnosis. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of PolyDeep and four expert endoscopists for neoplasia (adenoma, sessile serrated lesion, traditional serrated adenoma) and adenoma characterization and compared them with the McNemar test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess the overall discriminatory ability, comparing the area under the curve of endoscopists and PolyDeep with the chi- square homogeneity areas test.ResultsThe diagnostic performance of the endoscopists and PolyDeep in the characterization of neoplasia is similar in terms of sensitivity (PolyDeep: 89.05%; E1: 91.23%, p=0.5; E2: 96.11%, p
Published: 2024
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32. Strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat kidney disease related to systemic arterial hypertension: a narrative review from the Mexican Group of Experts on Arterial Hypertension

Author: Silvia Palomo-Piñón, José Manuel Enciso-Muñoz, Eduardo Meaney, Ernesto Díaz-Domínguez, David Cardona-Muller, Fabiola Pazos Pérez, Emilia Cantoral-Farfán, Juan Carlos Anda-Garay, Janet Mijangos-Chavez, Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa, and on behalf of the Mexican Group of Experts on Arterial Hypertension
Subjects: Systemic arterial hypertension, Chronic kidney disease, Hypertension treatment, Guidelines, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract: Abstract This narrative review highlights strategies proposed by the Mexican Group of Experts on Arterial Hypertension endorsed to prevent, diagnose, and treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) related to systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). Given the growing prevalence of CKD in Mexico and Latin America caused by SAH, there is a need for context-specific approaches to address the effects of SAH, given the diverse population and unique challenges faced by the region. This narrative review provides clinical strategies for healthcare providers on preventing, diagnosing, and treating kidney disease related to SAH, focusing on primary prevention, early detection, evidence-based diagnostic approaches, and selecting pharmacological treatments. Key-strategies are focused on six fundamental areas: 1) Strategies to mitigate kidney disease in SAH, 2) early detection of CKD in SAH, 3) diagnosis and monitoring of SAH, 4) blood pressure targets in patients living with CKD, 5) hypertensive treatment in patients with CKD and 6) diuretics and Non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Inhibitors in Patients with CKD. This review aims to provide relevant strategies for the Mexican and Latin American clinical context, highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to managing SAH, and the role of community-based programs in improving the quality of life for affected individuals. This position paper seeks to contribute to reducing the burden of SAH-related CKD and its complications in Mexico and Latin America.
Published: 2024
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33. Environmental History of Coastal Wetlands in the Northern Gulf of California

Author: Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini, Urquidi, Mabilia, Cruz-Piñón, Gabriela, Dorantes Hernández, José Manuel, Jiménez, Paloma A. Valdivia, Sánchez-Cruz, Angeles Y., and Martínez-Candelas, Ilse A.
Published: 2023
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34. The Interstitial Gland as a Source of Pro- or Anti-Senescent Cells during Chinchilla Rabbit Ovarian Aging

Author: Verónica Díaz-Hernández, Alejandro Marmolejo-Valencia, César Montiel-De la Cruz, Gabriela Piñón-Zárate, Luis M. Montaño, Silvia Ivonne Mora-Herrera, and Ivette Caldelas
Subjects: aging, senescent cells, ovary, rabbit, interstitial gland, lipophagy, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The aging ovary in mammals leads to the reduced production of sex hormones and a deterioration in follicle quality. The interstitial gland originates from the hypertrophy of the theca cells of atretic follicles and represents an accumulative structure of the ovary that may contribute to its aging. Here, reproductive and mature rabbit ovaries are used to determine whether the interstitial gland plays a crucial role in ovarian aging. We demonstrate that, in the mature ovary, interstitial gland cells accumulate lipid droplets and show ultrastructural characteristics of lipophagy. Furthermore, they undergo modifications and present a foamy appearance, do not express the pan-leukocyte CD-45 marker, and express CYP11A1. These cells are the first to present an increase in lipofuscin accumulation. In foamy cells, the expression of p21 remains low, PCNA expression is maintained at mature ages, and their nuclei do not show positivity for H2AX. The interstitial gland shows a significant increase in lipofuscin accumulation compared with the ovaries of younger rabbits, but lipofuscin accumulation remains constant at mature ages. Surprisingly, no accumulation of cells with DNA damage is evident, and an increase in proliferative cells is observed at the age of 36 months. We suggest that the interstitial gland initially uses lipophagy to maintain steroidogenic homeostasis and prevent cellular senescence.
Published: 2024
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35. Changes in RANKL, OPG, and 25(OH)D Levels in Children with Leukemia from Diagnosis to Remission

Author: Salvador Atilano-Miguel, Lourdes Barbosa-Cortés, Rocío Ortiz-Muñiz, Jorge Maldonado-Hernández, Jorge A. Martin-Trejo, Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz, Lourdes Balcázar-Hernández, Karina A. Solís-Labastida, Benito A. Bautista-Martínez, Azalia Juárez-Moya, Zayra Hernández-Piñón, Raeline A. Galindo-Rodríguez, Adriana Chávez-Anaya, Rosa E. Valdez-Avilez, Juan M. Domínguez-Salgado, Judith Villa-Morales, and María E. Rodríguez-Palacios
Subjects: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, RANK ligand, osteoprotegerin, 25(OH)D, corticosteroids, bone turnover markers, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Background: The receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway is a determining pathway in the balance between bone formation and resorption, and disruptions in this complex can affect bone metabolism. Methods: This study analyzes the changes in RANKL, OPG, and 25(OH)D levels; the RANKL/OPG ratio; and other bone turnover markers (BTMs) from diagnosis to complete remission in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This is a prospective observational cohort study, carried out at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, including 33 patients (4–17 years) with newly diagnosed B-cell ALL. The patients were treated with the HP09 chemotherapy protocol. Children who had previously been treated with corticosteroids were excluded. A peripheral blood sample at diagnosis and remission was collected to determine the 25(OH)D and BTM concentrations. Results: Increased RANKL (p = 0.001) and osteocalcin (p < 0.001) levels and RANKL/OPG ratio (p = 0.005) were observed at remission, predominantly in the high-risk (HR) relapse and vitamin D deficiency groups. A negative association between RANKL and OPG (r = −0.454, p = 0.008) was observed. Conclusions: we suggest that the RANKL/OPG ratio could serve as a bone remodeling marker in ALL patients.
Published: 2024
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36. Effect of the Addition of PLA on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Reprocessed HDPE

Author: Anayansi Estrada-Monje, Miroslava Alejandra Silva-Goujon, Isis Rodríguez-Sánchez, Alain Salvador Conejo-Dávila, Claudia Ivone Piñón-Balderrama, Anayansi Zaragoza-Estrada, Leonardo Aurelio Baldenegro-Pérez, and Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
Subjects: biodegradable polymer, high-density polyethylene, poly(lactic acid), polymer blend, recycling, thermal properties, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract: Amid the current environmental crisis caused by plastic accumulation, one of the proposed solutions to manage this problem is using biodegradable polymers. However, the impact of adding biodegradable polymers to the well-established circular economy of recyclable polymers, such as HDPE, has not been fully considered. Therefore, there is a need to reconsider the way we consume, dispose of, and manage biodegradable polymers after use. This study evaluates the effect of varying the contents of a biodegradable polymer, taking poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a model biodegradable polymer, on the thermal and mechanical properties of HDPE. The study highlights the importance of identifying and disposing of biodegradable polymers to avoid mixtures with HDPE, in order not to affect mechanical performance when considering reprocessing and a new life cycle of this conventional polymer.
Published: 2024
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37. Patch vs. Global Image-Based Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in MR Brain Scans of Early Parkinsonian Patients

Author: Muñoz-Ramírez, Verónica, Pinon, Nicolas, Forbes, Florence, Lartizen, Carole, and Dojat, Michel
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract: Although neural networks have proven very successful in a number of medical image analysis applications, their use remains difficult when targeting subtle tasks such as the identification of barely visible brain lesions, especially given the lack of annotated datasets. Good candidate approaches are patch-based unsupervised pipelines which have both the advantage to increase the number of input data and to capture local and fine anomaly patterns distributed in the image, while potential inconveniences are the loss of global structural information. We illustrate this trade-off on Parkinson's disease (PD) anomaly detection comparing the performance of two anomaly detection models based on a spatial auto-encoder (AE) and an adaptation of a patch-fed siamese auto-encoder (SAE). On average, the SAE model performs better, showing that patches may indeed be advantageous.
Published: 2021
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38. Uso de macroalgas intermareales como bioindicadores de disturbio antropogénico por nutrientes en las costas rocosas del Pacífico mexicano central tropical

Author: Careli Vergara-Carranza, Norma López, and Alejandra Piñón-Gimate
Subjects: Macroalgas, Bioindicadores, Isótopos estables, Contaminación, Pacífico tropical mexicano, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: La Bahía de Zihuatanejo, México, presenta disturbios en sus costas rocosas debido a la cantidad de nutrientes que llegan al mar por la urbanización y el turismo masivo. Estos nutrientes han sido trazados por las macroalgas mediante el uso de isótopos estables. El objetivo de este trabajo fue utilizar 4 especies de macroalgas como bioindicadores para inferir las fuentes de nutrientes al sistema a través de la señal de δ15N y el contenido elemental de nitrógeno (N). Se realizaron 2 muestreos en las temporadas de lluvias y secas de 2021 en 3 localidades en la región: La Madera, Las Salinas y La Majahua. Se tomaron muestras de agua por localidad y temporada para determinar las concentraciones de nitratos (NO3) y fosfatos (PO4) y se evaluaron las señales isotópicas y el contenido de N en Hypnea spinella, Padina gymnospora, Ulva intestinalis y Ulva lactuca. Las concentraciones de NO3 y PO4 fueron más altas en Las Salinas, no presentaron diferencias entre La Madera y La Majahua y fueron similares a las reportadas previamente para la región. Las señales más altas de δ15N se encontraron en H. spinella y U. intestinalis en Las Salinas (16.12‰ y 15.38‰, respectivamente) y La Madera (15.12‰ y 13.58‰, respectivamente) y resultaron cercanas a la señal isotópica de aguas residuales. En La Majahua, se obtuvieron señales bajas para H. spinella (13.54‰), P. gymnospora (9.24‰) y U. lactuca (8.24‰), cuyos valores resultaron cercanos a la señal isotópica de aguas oceánicas ricas en nutrientes. El contenido de N varió dependiendo de la especie y la localidad, siendo más alto en Las Salinas. Las señales isotópicas encontradas coinciden con aquellas reportadas para costas enriquecidas con nutrientes de tipo antropogénico y natural. Hypnea spinella y U. intestinalis pueden ser empleadas como bioindicadores de disturbio antropogénico debido a la descarga de aguas residuales.
Published: 2024
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39. Use of Callistemon citrinus as a gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in obese rats

Author: Jonathan Saúl Piñón-Simental, Luis Alberto Ayala-Ruiz, Luis Gerardo Ortega-Pérez, Oliver Rafid Magaña-Rodríguez, Esperanza Meléndez-Herrera, Asdrubal Aguilera-Méndez, and Patricia Rios-Chavez
Subjects: Gastric ulcers, Inflammatory, Callistemon citrinus, Biomarkers, Indomethacin, Obesity, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Background Obesity leads to an elevated risk of developing gastrointestinal disease such as gastric ulcers. Callistemon citrinus leaf extract has shown antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and chemoprotective effects against colon cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of C. citrinus leaf extract on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in obese rats. Methods Gastric ulcers were induced in female obese Wistar rats using a single oral dose of indomethacin (IND). In the first stage, the rats were fed with a high fat sugar diet (HFSD) for 15 weeks to induce obesity and, at the same time, the diet of the other group of animals included daily administration of ethanolic C. citrinus leaf extract (250 mg/kg) in addition to HFSD. In the second stage, gastric ulcers were induced with IND (30 mg/kg). The gastroprotective activity of C. citrinus, the inflammatory enzyme activities, and cytokines in the stomach were determined. Results C. citrinus produced a reduction of gastric lesions caused by IND. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activities also decreased. Although inflammatory biomarkers such as TNFα, IL-6, AOPP, and leptin were significantly decreased by C. citrinus, adiponectin levels increased. Moreover, C. citrinus decreased weight gain and morphological and biochemical parameters. Conclusion The use of indomethacin in rats fed with a high fat-sugar diet increased gastric ulcers. Gastroprotective effect of C. citrinus in obese rats is attributed to the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inflammatory enzymes.
Published: 2024
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40. Interface states at the boundary between ABC and ABA multilayer graphene structures

Author: Grandadam, Maxence, Pinon, Sarah, Bena, Cristina, and Pepin, Catherine
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: We study the interfaces between ABC and ABA regions in multilayer graphene, in particular we consider regions in which the transition between the ABA and ABC structure arises due to the local compression in one of the graphene layers for a zigzag interface, and to a local shear of the atoms for the armchair interface. When we consider an infinite ribbon configuration we find that interface bands form in these regions, more pronouncedly for the armchair-type interfaces. We note that these states are not topological. For fully-finite-size structures the continuous interface bands transform into sets of quantized levels.
Published: 2021

41. Surface states and quasiparticle interference in Bernal and rhombohedral graphite with and without trigonal warping

Author: Kaladzhyan, Vardan, Pinon, Sarah, Joucken, Frédéric, Ge, Zhehao, Quezada-Lopez, Eberth A., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., Velasco Jr, Jairo, and Bena, Cristina
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: We use an exact analytical technique [Phys. Rev. B \textbf{101}, 115405 (2020), Phys. Rev. B \textbf{102}, 165117 (2020)] to recover the surface Green's functions for Bernal (ABA) and rhombohedral (ABC) graphite. For rhombohedral graphite we recover the predicted surface flat bands. For Bernal graphite we find that the surface state spectral function is similar to the bilayer one, but the trigonal warping effects are enhanced, and the surface quasiparticles have a much shorter lifetime. We subsequently use the T-matrix formalism to study the quasiparticle interference patterns generated on the surface of semi-infinite ABA and ABC graphite in the presence of impurity scattering. We compare our predictions to experimental STM data of impurity-localized states on the surface of Bernal graphite which appear to be in a good agreement with our calculations., Comment: 13 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2021
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42. Direct Visualization of Native Defects in Graphite and Their Effect on the Electronic Properties of Bernal-Stacked Bilayer Graphene

Author: Joucken, Frederic, Bena, Cristina, Ge, Zhehao, Quezada-Lopez, Ebert A., Pinon, Sarah, Kaladzhyan, Vardan, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Ferreira, Aires, and Velasco Jr, Jairo
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Graphite crystals used to prepare graphene-based heterostructures are generally assumed to be defect free. We report here scanning tunneling microscopy results that show graphite commonly used to prepare graphene devices can contain a significant amount of native defects. Extensive scanning of the surface allows us to determine the concentration of native defects to be 6.6$\times$10$^8$ cm$^{-2}$. We further study the effects of these native defects on the electronic properties of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. We observe gate-dependent intravalley scattering and successfully compare our experimental results to T-matrix-based calculations, revealing a clear carrier density dependence in the distribution of the scattering vectors. We also present a technique for evaluating the spatial distribution of short-scale scattering. A theoretical analysis based on the Boltzmann transport equation predicts that the dilute native defects identified here are an important extrinsic source of scattering, ultimately setting the mobility at low temperatures., Comment: Accepted in Nano Letters
Published: 2021
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43. PAC-learning gains of Turing machines over circuits and neural networks

Author: Pinon, Brieuc, Jungers, Raphaël, and Delvenne, Jean-Charles
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: A caveat to many applications of the current Deep Learning approach is the need for large-scale data. One improvement suggested by Kolmogorov Complexity results is to apply the minimum description length principle with computationally universal models. We study the potential gains in sample efficiency that this approach can bring in principle. We use polynomial-time Turing machines to represent computationally universal models and Boolean circuits to represent Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) acting on finite-precision digits. Our analysis unravels direct links between our question and Computational Complexity results. We provide lower and upper bounds on the potential gains in sample efficiency between the MDL applied with Turing machines instead of ANNs. Our bounds depend on the bit-size of the input of the Boolean function to be learned. Furthermore, we highlight close relationships between classical open problems in Circuit Complexity and the tightness of these.
Published: 2021

44. Protector Role of Cx30.2 in Pancreatic β-Cell against Glucotoxicity-Induced Apoptosis

Author: Daniel Ortega-Cuellar, Ignacio González-Sánchez, Gabriela Piñón-Zárate, Marco A. Cerbón, Víctor De la Rosa, Yuliana Franco-Juárez, Andrés Castell-Rodríguez, León D. Islas, and Cristina Coronel-Cruz
Subjects: insulin-secreting cells, glucotoxicity, connexin 30.2, apoptosis, gap junction channels, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Glucotoxicity may exert its deleterious effects on pancreatic β-cell function via a myriad of mechanisms, leading to impaired insulin secretion and, eventually, type 2 diabetes. β-cell communication requires gap junction channels to be present among these cells. Gap junctions are constituted by transmembrane proteins of the connexins (Cxs) family. Two Cx genes have been identified in β cells, Cx36 and Cx30.2. We have found evidence that the glucose concentration on its own is sufficient to regulate Cx30.2 gene expression in mouse islets. In this work, we examine the involvement of the Cx30.2 protein in the survival of β cells (RIN-m5F). Methods: RIN-m5F cells were cultured in 5 mM D-glucose (normal) or 30 mM D-glucose (high glucose) for 24 h. Cx30.2 siRNAs was used to downregulate Cx30.2 expression. Apoptosis was measured by means of TUNEL, an annexin V staining method, and the cleaved form of the caspase-3 protein was determined using Western blot. Results: High glucose did not induce apoptosis in RIN-m5F β cells after 24 h; interestingly, high glucose increased the Cx30.2 total protein levels. Moreover, this work found that the downregulation of Cx30.2 expression in high glucose promoted apoptosis in RIN-m5F cells. Conclusion: The data suggest that the upregulation of Cx30.2 protects β cells from hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, Cx30.2 may be a promising avenue of therapeutic investigation for the treatment of glucose metabolic disorders.
Published: 2024
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45. Rapid Lipid Content Screening in Neochloris oleoabundans Utilizing Carbon-Based Dielectrophoresis.

Author: Galicia-Medina, Cynthia M, Vázquez-Piñón, Matías, Alemán-Nava, Gibran S, Gallo-Villanueva, Roberto C, Martínez-Chapa, Sergio O, Madou, Marc J, Camacho-León, Sergio, García-Pérez, Jonathan S, Esquivel-Hernández, Diego A, Parra-Saldívar, Roberto, and Pérez-González, Víctor H
Subjects: biofuel, carbon-microelectromechanical systems, dielectrophoresis, microalgae, microfluidics, Clinical Research, Nanotechnology
Abstract: In this study, we carried out a heterogeneous cytoplasmic lipid content screening of Neochloris oleoabundans microalgae by dielectrophoresis (DEP), using castellated glassy carbon microelectrodes in a PDMS microchannel. For this purpose, microalgae were cultured in nitrogen-replete (N+) and nitrogen-deplete (N-) suspensions to promote low and high cytoplasmic lipid production in cells, respectively. Experiments were carried out over a wide frequency window (100 kHz-30 MHz) at a fixed amplitude of 7 VPP. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the dielectrophoretic behavior of N+ and N- cells at low frequencies (100-800 kHz), whereas a weak response was observed for mid- and high frequencies (1-30 MHz). Additionally, a finite element analysis using a 3D model was conducted to determine the dielectrophoretic trapping zones across the electrode gaps. These results suggest that low-cost glassy carbon is a reliable material for microalgae classification-between low and high cytoplasmic lipid content-through DEP, providing a fast and straightforward mechanism.
Published: 2021

46. Surgical management of tumor thrombus into the right atrium

Author: Beatriz Acuña Pais, Rocío Casais, Julio Lugo, Miguel Á. Piñón, and Juan. J. Legarra
Subjects: cardiopulmonary bypass, tumor thrombus, right atrium, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma represents 3% of solid tumors. In 4-10% of patients, venous tumor thrombosis is present, and 1% reaches the right atrium. Other tumors can be associated with tumor thrombosis. The natural history of venous tumor thrombosis implies a mean survival of 5 months. Between 2001 and 2021, 4 patients underwent resection of tumor thrombi into the right atrium, requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. None of the patients died within 30 days postoperatively. Mean follow-up time was 30.9 months (2.4- 96.1). Two patients are still alive and two died due to disease progression. Died patient’s follow-up was 7.5 and 17.4 months, surpassing life expectancy of those without surgery. We present a series of patients who underwent lumpectomy and IVC thrombectomy. IVC tumor thrombosis has an ominous prognosis, however surgical treatment has an important role by improving the survival of these patients. The multidisciplinary approach is necessary to obtain good postoperative results.
Published: 2023
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47. Microbiomes of three coral species in the Mexican Caribbean and their shifts associated with the Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

Author: Zita P. Arriaga-Piñón, J. Eduardo Aguayo-Leyva, Lorenzo Álvarez-Filip, Anastazia T. Banaszak, Ma. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo, David A. Paz-García, and José Q. García-Maldonado
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Published: 2024

48. lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is downregulated in patients with ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction.

Author: Ricardo Pan-Lizcano, Lucía Núñez, Pablo Piñón, Guillermo Aldama, Xacobe Flores, Ramón Calviño-Santos, José Manuel Vázquez-Rodríguez, and Manuel Hermida-Prieto
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of deaths occurring in the acute phase of an ischemic event. Although it is known that genetics may play an important role in this pathology, the possible role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) has never been studied. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the expression of 10 lncRNAs in patients with and without VF in AMI. For this purpose, the expression of CDKN2B-AS1, KCNQ1OT1, LIPCAR, MALAT1, MIAT, NEAT1, SLC16A1-AS1, lnc-TK2-4:2, TNFRSF14-AS1, and UCA1 were analyzed. After the analysis and Bonferroni correction, the lncRNA CDKN2B-AS showed a statistical significance lower expression (P values of 2.514 x 10-5). In silico analysis revealed that six proteins could be related to the possible effect of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1: AGO3, PLD4, POU4F1, ZNF26, ZNF326 and ZNF431. These in silico proteins predicted to have a low cardiac expression, although there is no literature indicating a potential relationship with VF in AMI. Thus, the lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 shows a significant lower expression in patients with VF in AMI vs patients without VF in AMI. Literature data suggest that the role of CDKN2B1-AS is related to the miR-181a/SIRT1 pathway.
Published: 2024
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49. Breviario de historia, estructuralismo, posestructuralismo, posmodernismo, epistemología y construcción narrativa

Author: Francisco Alberto Pérez Piñón
Subjects: Teoría de la historia, epistemología, conocimiento histórico, History of education, LA5-2396, History (General), D1-2009
Abstract: Siguiendo los parámetros que recomiendan que el editorial de una publicación científica debe ser conciso y claro, nos aventuramos en este propósito en la revista Debates por la historia. Por el lugar destacado que ocupa este espacio, se pueden expresar ideas de acuerdo o desacuerdo sobre alguna temática, con el fin de polemizar y proponer nuevas formas de tratamiento en las investigaciones venideras y, en este caso, con las de corte historiográfico. Este campo de conocimiento es un terreno movedizo en el que los consensos generalizados no existen y aún prevalecen diferentes concepciones para el abordaje de los acontecimientos del pasado, del presente y para la declaración de juicios del futuro deseable hominalmente. Todo acontecimiento natural o social tiene historia y es posible investigarlo desde esta perspectiva, siendo el caso para la educación, las artes, las humanidades y las ciencias naturales.
Published: 2024
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50. Surface Green's functions and quasiparticle interference in Weyl semimetals

Author: Pinon, Sarah, Kaladzhyan, Vardan, and Bena, Cristina
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: We use the exact analytical technique introduced in Phys. Rev. B 101, 115405 to recover the surface Green's functions and the corresponding Fermi-arc surface states for various lattice models of Weyl semimetals. For these models we use the T-matrix formalism to calculate the quasiparticle interference patterns generated in the presence of impurity scattering. In particular, we consider the models introduced in Phys. Rev. B 93, 041109(R) (A) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 076801 (B), and we find that, as opposed to observations previously obtained via joint density of states and spin-dependent scattering probability, the inter-arc scattering in the quasiparticle interference features is fully suppressed in model A, and very small in model B. Our findings indicate that these models may not correctly describe materials such as MoTe2, since for such materials inter-arc scattering is clearly visible experimentally, e.g., in Nature Phys. 12, 1105-1110 (2016). We also focus on the minimal models proposed by McCormick et al. in Phys. Rev. B 95, 075133, which indeed recover significant inter-arc scattering features.
Published: 2020
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