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The purpose of this study is the ascertainment of to the physiological responses to exogenous exposure to aqueous solutions of the drug “Violet-K” (C24H28N3Cl) in the phase of wintering eggs of the local and introduced silkworm species. Methods. The research was carried out according to the methodology developed by us for the content, selection and processing of material [9], [10]. Statistical analysis was performed according to G. F. Lakin [11]. Results. It was found that in the absence of sharp fluctuations of the temperature and air humidity, the effect of exposure to water and 0.01% and 0.001 % aqueous solutions of the “Violet-K” preparation on hibernating eggs causes a response of caterpillars at younger ages during molting, by the fifth age this effect diminishes. A strong response to the impact in terms of weight of caterpillars was revealed for the introduced silkworm species: against the background of minor fluctuations in the “Oragase” variant for caterpillars “Sverico-sari” the difference with the control by age is 16,4 % (III), 143,3 % (IV) and 27,3 % (V). The introduced species “Oragase” often differs from the “Sverico-sari” and the local breed “Veten” by the presence of negative responses: the weight of caterpillars after exposure compared to the control corresponds to + 43.7 % (III), + 65.0 % (IV), –36.2 % (V). It was found that the content of wintering grains in water and aqueous solutions of the “Violet-K” preparation leads to the weight increase of the silk shell: by 54.4–80.5 % (p < 0.05 and 0.001) in the local species, as well as by 11.4–16.1 % (0.001 %) and 2.7 % (0.01 % solution “Violet K”) p < 0.05 and 0.001. The species “Oragase” differs in this effect compared with the control, particularly, in the comparison with control, the impact promotes to a significant decrease in the weight of the silk shell by 33 % (–78.5 mg) and 22.5 % (–49.0 mg), p < 0.001. The impact is reflected in the date of departure of butterflies and the number of laid eggs, and only in introduced species: the positive effect compared to the control, on average on 1 female was 3.6–4.8 times higher (“Sverico-sari”) and 1.1 times (“Oragase”).

Nyomozókkal végzett kísérletünk eredményeiből kiderült, hogy a csak kognitív élményként megélt intenzív kíváncsiság gátolja a gyanúsított nézőpontjának figyelembe vételét. A nyomozók ekkor azt gondolják, hogy amit ők tudnak, azt a gyanúsított is tudja. Az elfogultság e formája a nyomozati információk értékelését torzíthatja.

BackgroundOverconcern with food and shape/weight stimuli are central to eating disorder maintenance with attentional biases seen towards these images not present in healthy controls. These stimuli trigger changes in the physiological, emotional, and neural responses in people with eating disorders, and are regularly used in research and clinical practice. However, selection of stimuli for these treatments is frequently based on self-reported emotional ratings alone, and whether self-reports reflect objective responses is unknown.Main bodyThis review assessed the associations across emotional self-report, physiological, and neural responses to both food and body-shape/weight stimuli in people with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). For food stimuli, either an aversive or lack of physiological effect was generated in people with AN, together with a negative emotional response on neuroimaging, and high subjective anxiety ratings. People with BN showed a positive self-rating, an aversive physiological reaction, and a motivational neural response. In BED, an aversive physiological reaction was found in contrast to motivational/appetitive neural responses, with food images rated as pleasant. The results for shape/weight stimuli showed aversive responses in some physiological modalities, which was reflected in both the emotional and neural responses, but this aversive response was not consistent across physiological studies.ConclusionsShape/weight stimuli are more reliable for use in therapy or research than food stimuli as the impact of these images is more consistent across subjective and objective responses. Care should be taken when using food stimuli due to the disconnect reported in this review.

Changes of the health status of beginners aging men is being closely examined. This caused a sharp increase in males with age of the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is noticed that men older than 50 years often have multiple risk factors cardiovascular disease – coronary heart disease or hypertension, and sometimes combinations thereof. In this regard, it is now very important for men approaching retirement age effective approaches to health improvement, reducing the probability of occurrence of a pathology of heart and vessels. Tested in the study the author's technique, which included regular exercise, have shown the possibility of stimulation of the cardiovascular system, the overall aerobic capacity of the body and enhance the metabolism. The study demonstrated the possibility of achieving after 1 year of muscle loads on the author's technique overall health. Complex loads, which demonstrated high efficiency, included training on simulators "SPIRIT Medical Systems MU100 vertical Ergometer" and "Finnlo EllypsisSX1", with the additional inclusion in the scheme loads the second half of the loads on the simulator "Finnlo MAXIMUM-S". The effect achieved by the author's method exceeded that in the result of a year of physical activity in the gym "Finnlo MAXIMUM elliptical S" when you add in the second half of training on the simulator "SPIRIT Medical Systems MU100 vertical Ergometer". The obtained results are considered as evidence of the decline of the trainees on the author's scheme of men older than 50 years of threats signs of cardiovascular pathology with a significant enhancement of their overall health.

The article considers anxiety as a basic physiological reaction of the human body to a specific situation, but at the same time it becomes a serious threat to society of people of different age groups due to the stressful lifestyle of the modern generation. Anxiety in the process of learning is a frequent phenomenon that has a dual character. On the one hand, normally, mobilizes educational activities. On the other hand, with an increased level of stress, it makes it possible to safely cope with unpleasant emotions. Anxiety in students is manifested most often in the first and final years. In the fifth year, new values associated with future work, material and family.

In order to prevent the occurrence of negative stress reaction of subway passengers under fire and improve the positive stress reaction ability of subway passengers, the characteristics of fire stress physiological reaction of subway passengers were analyzed by experiment and catastrophe theory. Firstly, the virtual reality technology is used to realize the subway car fire, which requires the volunteers to escape to the ground safety exit smoothly according to the prompt; secondly, the heart rate and blood pressure of the volunteers are measured during the VR experience of the subway fire; thirdly, the heart rate and blood pressure are taken as the control variables and the stress state is taken as the state variable to establish the volunteer’s cusp catastrophe model of stress physiological response. Finally, statistical analysis and qualitative fitting analysis of experiment data were carried out. The results showed that only one volunteer had negative stress response under VR subway fire stress, and other volunteers were in a state of positive stress response. The physiological stress response of subway passengers meets the potential function condition of cusp mutation.

Comprehensive and unbiased detection methods are a prerequisite for high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns within drug discovery research. Label-free matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has been introduced as an HTS-compatible readout for biochemical test systems to support the drug discovery process. So far, reported HTS applications were based on surface-modified systems or proof-of-concept studies. We present the utilization of a MALDI-TOF-based screening platform to identify inhibitors of human cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a mediator of innate immune response whose aberration has been causally correlated to a number of inflammatory disorders. In this context, the development and validation of a MALDI-TOF-based activity assay is reported to demonstrate fast, robust, and accurate detection of chemical cGAS inhibition by direct quantification of the physiological reaction product cyclic GMP-ATP (cGAMP). Results from a screen of a diverse library of more than 1 million small molecules in 1536-well format against the catalytic cGAS activity are presented with excellent assay performance and data quality. Identified hits were qualified in dose-response experiments and confirmed by RapidFire-MS measurements. Conclusively, the presented data provide the first proof of applicability of direct automated MALDI-TOF MS as a readout strategy for large-scale drug discovery HTS campaigns.

Introduction. Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) of the brain can be considered as a promising approach to limit reperfusion injury in the ischemic area of the brain. Objective – to study the effect of IPostC after global cerebral ischemia on the level of immunoreactivity to PECAM-1/CD31 in the structures of layers II, III and V of the neocortex of rats at different periods of the reperfusion period.Material and methods. In male Wistar rats, a 10-minute global cerebral ischemia was modeled followed by IPostC in the form of reperfusion-ischemia at 15sec/15sec. In the early (2 days) and late (7 days) reperfusion periods after damaging ischemia, the number of morphologically unchanged neurons and the level of immunoreactivity to PECAM-1/CD31 in the structures of layers II, III and V of the neocortex were estimated.Results. It is shown that the use of IPostC by 2 days of reperfusion contributed to the increase in the number of unchanged neurons in layers II and III of 25.8 and 28.2 % (Pgroups without the use of IPostC.Conlusions. In the mechanisms of physiological reaction formed in the application of ischemic postconditioning after cerebral ischemia and leading to the preservation of the number of unchanged neurons in the late reperfusion period involved PECAM-1/CD31, which suggests that the protective potential of the phenomenon is realized by possible inhibiting the migration of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes and extravasation of leukocytes from the systemic blood flow into the damaged area of the brain, i.e. through suppression of inflammatory response.

Smartphones have become a common tool of daily communication, and a number of text input methods are extensively used. Qwerty and T9 are two universally used smartphone input methods that differ in user experience (UX) when entering phrases with different complexity. Phrase complexity is an indication of the number and type of characters used in a phrase. This study evaluated the impact of both experience and phrase complexity on the UX of Qwerty and T9. Thirty-two participants with different experience levels (high and low) used both Qwerty or T9 to input 40 phrases (both simple and complex phrases). Input time, speed, error rate, galvanic skin response, heart rate, and perceived usability were analyzed as dependent variables. The results indicated that Qwerty was more effective than T9 for entering complex phrases, while no obvious difference was found for simple phrases. Experience had a positive impact on the input method, and Qwerty was more helpful for participants with low experience level. Performance, physiological reaction, and perceived usability data showed similar results. These findings aid the optimal design of text input systems for smartphones.

Social interactions can trigger emotional contagion between individuals resulting in behavioral synchrony. Emotional contagion can be a very effective and attractive strategy in communication and advertising, and understanding the mechanisms underlying emotional contagion can help marketers to improve their commercial approaches or develop better ones. The purpose of this study is to review and classify the various methodologies and theoretical approaches on emotional contagion, identify the best practices in this domain, and identify ways of gaging and measuring emotional contagion. The study is based on a mini literature review. We identify different mechanisms and approaches to emotional contagion described in the literature. Emotional contagion can be triggered by facial expressions, indirect human interactions, and/or by observing other people's behavior in direct and indirect interactions. Furthermore, emotional contagion can be triggered physiologically or neurologically by synchronizing with the emotional state of others during human interactions. Regarding the assessment and measurement of emotional contagion, we argue that methods based on neuroscience tools are much more accurate and effective than methods based on traditional research approaches. The study identifies guidelines for research on commercial communication through emotional contagion that can be especially interesting for academia and marketing practitioners. The findings are important for field marketers interested in developing new individualized approaches in their commercial strategies and marketing in general. In addition, the study can become the basis of research that further refines and compares the efficacy of the various techniques and tools involved.

A prism device is utilized in this study for modifying the eye convergence to reduce eye accommodation and enhance the comfort in viewing 3D video. Without changing the contents of 3D films, it aims to apply the myosis, convergence, and accommodation visual triad of eyeballs viewing near distance to not change the eyeball pupillary distance when viewing 3D films. Without convergence, the discomfort caused by intraocular muscle contraction when viewing near distance is reduced. Such an effect of a small prism lens is also proven in this study. When viewing 3D films with 1.0△ lenses, the physiological accommodation reaction of eyes would reduce (the right eye decreases 65% and the left eye decreases 70%), revealing the decreasing tension of intraocular muscle. The subjective psychological evaluation result also shows that viewing 3D images with small prism lenses could enhance the comfort. The evaluation of optical simulation, physiological reaction, and mental fatigue proves that the small prism lens proposed in this study could actually improve the comfort in viewing 3D films., Accommodation, Convergence, Prism, Visual fatigue, Psychological evaluation.

As the main venue for sports training and competition, the thermal environment of a stadium directly could affect the comfort and health of a moving body and sports performance. In this study, the quantitative relationship between ambient temperature and subjective sensation evaluation was established by monitoring the actual thermal sensation evaluation, fatigue sensation cognition and physiological response with high physical activity, under different conditions of ambient temperature. The results show that 90% of subjects can actually accept an ambient temperature range of 18.6°C–26°C. This is 2°C higher than the maximum recommended range in the ISO 7730:2005 thermal comfort standard, reflecting a strong tolerance of the moving human body to low or high temperature environments. A high temperature environment could cause exercise fatigue to occur prematurely. Moreover, the study suggests that the critical point for early occurrence of fatigue sensation in a moving human body is 28°C. The relationship between the environmental temperature and the physiological response was evaluated by mean skin temperature, blood pressure and heart rate of the human body. These are used as evaluation indexes of physiological parameters. Ambient temperature has a significant effect on the objective physiological response of the moving human body, which coincides with the subject’s definition of subjective sensory evaluation to the ambient temperature.

Physical activity, recreational sports as well as competitive sports effect the human body and cause uprising a physiological reaction of a body system. Changes that occur activity are mainly connected to the body homeostasis restoration. Observation of physiological reaction of body are very important tool that allows to analyze the preparation of the human body for carrying out activities. The large number of physiological changes have a short-term nature, but on the other hand some of them will last for a longer time effecting body’s functioning.The aim of this work was to show the basic physiological reactions of a human body as a easy tool for physical activity observation. Understanding of such reactions can be a useful tool in recreation and physical training.

Stress and conflict are two things that often happens in organizational life. Both can be a determinant of employee performance improvement in organizations. Stress will be increased where emotional condition or physiological reaction that occurs in situations where employees feel a threat to it’s objectives are important thinks that may not be achieved. Thus increasing a conflict within the employee. Namely the existence of discrepancies with the objectives to be achieved and in contrast to the expectations of employees, causing a turmoil that resulted in employee performance. So the company should be able to know how to encourage stress and conflict in order to generate positive and how to cope with stress and conflict occurs when a negative thing. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of partial stress and conflict have a significant effect on performance.

The influence of copper salt, in a concentration range of 50–150 mg·dm−3, on the physiological response of basket willow was studied on Tora variety, which were grown in hydroponics. Content of assimilation pigments, relative water content (RWC), water saturation deficit (WSD), intensity of assimilation and transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate of water use efficiency (WUE) and instantaneous photosynthetic rate of water use (WUEI) were determined in leaves. It was observed that the decrease in the concentration of tested physiological parameters correlated with the increase in copper salt doses in the medium. The assimilation and transpiration of basket willow were significantly limited by stomata. The addition of copper salt to the medium increased WSD in leaves of the basket willow. The obtained results of the studied physiological parameters may prove useful for the assessment of resistance of the studied willow cultivar to stress caused by increased copper ion content in medium and its applicability in reclamation of areas degraded by humans.

In this investigation we assessed the physiological reaction of hamsters in response to chemical signals from potential sexual partners, and also after a private meeting with them, which allowed us to ascertain the type of mating system for this species. The reception of olfactory signals led to an increase in peroxidase activity in the blood for both sexes, indicative of activity of a non-specific line of immune defense in recipients. The increase in blood cortisol level in response to the chemical signals of a partner was only observed in females. Males spent more time near samples of estrous females, with elevated levels of cortisol in the urine. In olfactory tests, an hour after grouping all the individuals in pairs there was a significant increase in blood peroxidase activity, which indicates the reaction of a non-specific link in the immune system of partners. This increase was greater in the pairs with a mutual preference. Females from these pairs demonstrated a substantial decrease in stress hormone levels in the plasma after an hour of mating in comparison to females prior to mating, and in non-preferred coupling., Summary: Perception of olfactory signals before and during courtship lead to an increase of non-specific immune activity. For pairs formed by mutual preference there was a noted decrease of stress-hormone only in females.

Social media has gradually become an essential part of individuals, where unrestrained emotions are shared on the public platform. Emotion is the nature production of physiological reaction which can even affect the mental status of individual. Emotional expression is used to describe when the individuals experience emotions, the ability of expressing their emotions with verbal or non-verbal behaviors. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a fine-grained emotion quantification (FGEQ) model to quantify emotional expression with two main factors as emotional dimension and emotional intensity to seek for the correlation between emotional expression and mental status.

Background Wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations are increasing worldwide and invading urban areas. Live-capture can improve the management of this challenge, maximising efficiency, allowing scientific studies and potentially improving animal welfare. This study assesses teleanaesthesia, drop-net, corral trap and cage trap to live-capture wild boar in urban and peri-urban areas, evaluating efficiency and animal stress through haematology and serum biochemistry. Methods From 2012 to 2018, 655 wild boars were captured in 279 operations (drop-net=17, teleanaesthesia=186, cage trap=66 and corral trap=10) in the urban and peri-urban areas of Barcelona (Spain). Haematological and serum biochemical variables were determined in 145 wild boars (42 drop-netted, 41 teleanaesthetised, 38 cage-trapped and 24 corral-trapped). Results Performance (wild boars captured per operation) was highest for drop-net, followed by corral and cage traps, and finally teleanaesthesia. The three physical capture methods were more stressful than teleanaesthesia, causing a more intense physiological reaction, muscular damage, renal function impairment and homeostasis adaption. Stress response was predominantly adrenergic for drop-net and cortisol-induced for cage and corral traps. Conclusion Teleanaesthesia is the choice in reactive urban situations thanks to its adaptability; drop-net effectively targets wild boars in peri-urban environments; cage and corral traps are useful as long-term methods in specific areas.

O estresse é um elemento potencializado e ressignificado em esportes de aventura conforme cada sujeito reage aos riscos, desafios e incertezas do ambiente. Considerando essa temática, acompanhamos os momentos mais estressantes no voo-livre, entremeando a reação fisiológica com a fala dos sujeitos pesquisados, no limite da possibilidade de diálogo/confronto sob uma perspectiva biopsicossocial. O recorte privilegiou o esporte de risco como opção de lazer, praticado por pessoas comuns, que obtém na aventura contraponto às tensões e estresse do cotidiano. Para tanto, realizamos observações diretas durante um ano e entrevistamos quatro pilotos. Em complemento, registramos a frequência cardíaca (FC) desses sujeitos durante as diferentes etapas do voo-livre. Conforme os resultados, a FC apresentou patamares agudos e residuais elevados, que são coerentes com a história narrada por cada sujeito. Os pilotos demostraram que a percepção de risco frente à prática esportiva provoca uma tensão necessária para a produção subsequente de sensações transcendentes e prazerosas. Nesse sentido, ponderamos sobre a equação entre a segurança física e emocional na atividade e a percepção subjetiva do risco, ambas vistas como indissociáveis à aventura experimentada., In adventure sports, stress is a significant element, since each individual reacts to the risks, challenges and uncertainties of the environment. Within this topic, the study follows the most stressful moments in free-flight, interweaving the physiological reaction with the speech of the subjects studied, limiting the possibility of dialogue/confrontation between psychobiological and sociocultural data. They favored risky sports as a leisure option, practised by ordinary people who take adventure as a counterpoint to the tension and stress of everyday life. We carried out one-year direct observation and an interview with four pilots. In addition, we used the behavior of the measured heart rate of these subjects during the different stages of the free-flight. e results showed that the heart rate and the acute high residual levels are consistent with the story narrated by each person. The pilots proved that stress is a voltage required for the subsequent production of transcendent and pleasant feelings. In this sense, it is reflected that the security in the adventure experienced is the result of the equation between the psychophysiological activity and the subjective perception of risk., Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

This paper investigated foreign language learning efficiency in four different illumination environments (in different illuminance and color temperatures), focusing on the influence of the illumination environment on foreign language learners&rsquo, sentimental status, by means of foreign language skills testing in mind-map, objective evaluation of physiological reaction, and subjective evaluation of psychological reaction. It was shown that in different illumination environments, the language skills of foreign language learners were different, and their psychological and physiological reactions varied, which influenced the efficiency of foreign language learning. The results indicated that the ideal learning space was in high illuminance and low color temperature, which increased the stimulation in foreign language learners, promoted the formation of optimistic sentiment, and enhanced their interest in, and the quality and efficiency of, foreign language learning.

Virtual reality (VR) has been increasingly applied in filmmaking in recent years. The integration of film and VR is becoming an important breakthrough for traditional films. This new types of film, named cinematic virtual reality (CVR), provides immersive VR experience where individual users can immerse themselves in synthetic world experience in 360° (Mateer, 2017). However, the characteristics and influence of this new digital media on human emotion is far from clear. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate the different emotional effects of CVR by comparing with a traditional two-dimensional (2D) film from two critical aspects: subjective emotional experience and real-time objective physiological reaction. Our results first revealed that the subjective experience and the physiological reaction showed significantly stronger emotional effect in the CVR condition than in the 2D condition. Upon further observation, we found that four emotions (excitement, nervousness, hostility, and jitteriness) are more closely correlated with the CVR than with the traditional 2D film. Real-time analysis of skin temperature shows a faster and steadier decline in the CVR group than in the 2D group. Finally, we summarized the causality of the effect by analyzing the characteristics of CVR. Our study suggests that CVR is an effective medium that induces stronger emotional experience and physiological reaction than traditional 2D film can. The design of the VR environment in CVR, as a key feature in the narrative of a film story, has an important influence on the emotional processing of the audience.

Stress is a physiological reaction of an organism to a demand for change that is imposed by external factors or is coming from within by way of physiological strains or self-perceived mental and/or emotional threats (internal factors). It manifests itself through the sudden release of a flood of hormones, including corticosteroids, into the blood, which rouse the body for action. Normally, stress is beneficial, but when lasting or being very strong, it causes major damage to our mind and body. Despite intense research, we still do not understand fully how the stress response axis, whose main function is to respond to challenges while maintaining the normal physiological balance, loses under prolonged exposure to stressors its capacity to maintain homeostasis. Recent applications of mathematical modelling and dynamical systems theory have enabled us to emulate complex neurochemical transformations that underlie the stress response, and help us to acquire deeper understanding of this dynamical regulatory network.

Introduction: The hydration/dehydration of CO2 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) is a crucial physiological reaction for the survival of all living organisms because it is connected with numerous biosynthetic and biochemical pathways requiring CO2 or HCO3-, such as respiration, photosynthesis, carboxylation reactions, pH homeostasis, secretion of electrolytes, transport of CO2, bicarbonate, etc. Areas covered: The bacterial genome encodes CAs belonging to the ?-, ?-, and ?-CA classes able to ensure the survival and/or satisfying the metabolic needs of the bacteria, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The discovery of new anti-infectives that target new bacterial pathways, such as those involving CAs, may lead to effective therapies against diseases subject to the antibiotic resistance. This aspect is important in pharmaceutical and biomedical research but received little attention till recently. Expert opinion: An overview of the potential use of CAs in biomedical applications, as drug targets, bioindicators, and within artificial organs is presented. The discovery of thermostable bacterial CAs allowed the use of CAs in biotechnological applications, but patents related to the use of bacterial CAs in the development of pharmacological agents are scarce.