15,901 results on '"Physics::History of Physics"'
Search Results
2. Theory assessment and reality in Boltzmann’s epistemological thinking
- Author
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Antonio Augusto Passos Videira and Marcelo Byrro Ribeiro
- Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society ,Dogmatism ,Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph) ,Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) ,Epistemology ,Nonlinear Sciences::Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases ,Physics - Popular Physics ,Physics::History of Physics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Reality ,Theory assessment ,Boltzmann ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Philosophy of science ,History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph) ,Scientific theory ,Theoretical pluralism ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This paper discusses how theories can be assessed within the epistemological viewpoint advanced by the Austrian physicist Ludwig E. Boltzmann. It builds upon, and further develops, the perspective of Boltzmann's thinking as advanced by Ribeiro and Videira (1998, arXiv:physics/9806011). Boltzmann's epistemological viewpoint accepts that reality is real and proposes that reality can be described by different points of view because his main philosophical thesis states that scientific theories are images of Nature. We present the historical context that witnessed the genesis of Boltzmann's ideas and expand Ribeiro and Videira's (Ibid.) perspective by arguing that later in his life Boltzmann realized the insufficiency of his thesis as justification for theoretical pluralism and avoidance of dogmatism. Consequently, his thinking went beyond epistemology, the nature of scientific knowledge, to include realism, the nature of the represented objects., 19 pages. New abstract. Sections 1 and 5 were slightly revised and enlarged. Version v1 was intended as a chapter of a book on Boltzmann, but the publisher cancelled it. This version matches the text appearing in "Interdisciplinary Science Reviews"
- Published
- 2022
3. Aether dynamics: A theory of gravity
- Author
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Peter M. Atkinson and Samuel Nlend
- Subjects
Physics::General Physics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
This paper proposes a new theory of gravity based on aether destruction. In the case of the earth, aether is destroyed within the earth. Aether then accelerates into the earth in an attempt to keep the aether pressure in the earth constant. Any object caught in the accelerating aether flow will be accelerated in the direction of the accelerating aether flow. We suggest a mathematical model to demonstrate that there is a correlation between the aether acceleration and the force of gravity. The mathematical model assumes a porous-like atomic nucleus, in which the nucleons are fixed in position, and a fluid-like aether that can infiltrate between the nucleons but is excluded from their interiors. This theory of gravity assumes that the aether particle interactions are perfectly elastic, and aether can easily penetrate the nucleus of atoms, as they are not affected by electromagnetic or nuclear forces. The effect of gravity is almost entirely due to the fact that aether cannot penetrate the interior of nucleons. We offer a new model of the aether, which includes some new and important concepts that are essential to explain the cause and effect of gravity. The reason why all objects fall at the same speed is explained, and the possible causes for the destruction of the aether are discussed. Since the aether destruction is proportional to the mass of the earth and is, therefore, a cubic relationship, the effect of the accelerating aether flow (gravity) on an object caught in the accelerating aether flow depends on the surface area of the nucleons making up the object and is a square relationship, clarifying, thus, the dilemma cubic or square relationship.
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- 2022
4. Astronomy with Chaucer: Using an astrolabe to determine planetary orbits
- Author
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Michael Robinson
- Subjects
Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,97M50 (primary), 01A35 (secondary) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Computer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing) ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph) ,Physics - Popular Physics ,Physics::History of Physics ,Computer Science::Databases - Abstract
Armed with an astrolabe and Kepler's laws one can arrive at accurate estimates of the orbits of planets., Comment: 28 pages, 19 figures
- Published
- 2022
5. On the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of homogeneous ideals
- Author
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A. V. Jayanthan, Arvind Kumar, and Vivek Mukundan
- Subjects
Mathematics::Dynamical Systems ,Mathematics::Commutative Algebra ,General Mathematics ,FOS: Mathematics ,Mathematics::Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Quantitative Biology::Populations and Evolution ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,Combinatorics (math.CO) ,13F20, 13A15, 05E40 ,Commutative Algebra (math.AC) ,Mathematics - Commutative Algebra ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and $R = \mathbb{K}[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$. We obtain an improved upper bound for asymptotic resurgence of squarefree monomial ideals in $R$. We study the effect on the resurgence when sum, product and intersection of ideals are taken. We obtain sharp upper and lower bounds for the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of cover ideals of finite simple graphs in terms of associated combinatorial invariants. We also explicitly compute the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of cover ideals of several classes of graphs. We characterize a graph being bipartite in terms of the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of edge and cover ideals. We also compute explicitly the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of edge ideals of some classes of graphs., Accepted for publication in Mathematische Zeitschrift(Math Z.)
- Published
- 2022
6. Models of quadric surface bundles
- Author
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Denis Levchenko
- Subjects
Physics::Popular Physics ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry ,Mathematics::Commutative Algebra ,Mathematics::K-Theory and Homology ,Mathematics::Category Theory ,General Mathematics ,FOS: Mathematics ,Computer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing) ,Mathematics::Differential Geometry ,Algebraic Geometry (math.AG) ,Physics::History of Physics ,14J10 (Primary), 14A20, 14D06, 14E05 (Secondary) - Abstract
We establish the existence of models of quadric surface bundles with prescribed \'etale local forms., Comment: 13 pages
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- 2022
7. Spanning Trees at the Connectivity Threshold
- Author
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Alon, Yahav, Krivelevich, Michael, and Michaeli, Peleg
- Subjects
General Mathematics ,FOS: Mathematics ,05C80 (Primary) 05C05 (Secondary) ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,Combinatorics (math.CO) ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
We present an explicit connected spanning structure that appears in a random graph just above the connectivity threshold with high probability., 16 pages
- Published
- 2022
8. Machian Comparativism about Mass
- Author
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Niels C.M. Martens
- Subjects
Physics ,History ,Gravity (chemistry) ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,050905 science studies ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,Classical physics ,Physics::History of Physics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Philosophy ,Classical mechanics ,History and Philosophy of Science ,060302 philosophy ,Newtonian fluid ,0509 other social sciences ,Computer Science::Cryptography and Security - Abstract
Absolutism about mass within Newtonian gravity claims that mass ratios obtain in virtue of absolute masses. Comparativism denies this. Defenders of comparativism promise to recover all the ...
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- 2022
9. Perspectives in cosmology
- Author
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Alexander Vilenkin
- Subjects
Inflation (cosmology) ,High Energy Physics - Theory ,History ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Keynesian economics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Cosmology ,Universe ,Physics::History of Physics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Physics::Popular Physics ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,Economics ,media_common ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
The "new standard cosmology", based on the theory of inflation, has very impressive observational support. I review some outstanding problems of the new cosmology and the global view of the universe -- the multiverse -- that it suggests. I focus in particular on prospects for further observational tests of inflation and of the multiverse., Invited talk at TAUP conference, Rome, July 2009
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- 2022
10. An Efficient Twelfth Order Convergent Scheme to Solve Non-Linear Equations
- Author
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Sowjanya M, Mani Sandeep Kumar Mylapalli, Navya Kakarlapudi, and Ramadevi Sri
- Subjects
Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
This paper suggests and analyzes a new twelfth-order iterative method for solving non-linear equations. Here we presented a modification of Newton’s method with higher-order convergence, and the study of convergence concluded that the order of convergence is twelfth. With some numerical examples, we concluded that this algorithm is better than classical Newton’s method and other methods with twelfth order.
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- 2022
11. Anapole moment of Majorana fermions and implications for direct detection of neutralino dark matter
- Author
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Alejandro Ibarra, Merlin Reichard, and Ryo Nagai
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
For Majorana fermions the anapole moment is the only allowed electromagnetic multipole moment. In this work we calculate the anapole moment induced at one-loop by the Yukawa and gauge interactions of a Majorana fermion, using the pinch technique to ensure the finiteness and gauge-invariance of the result. As archetypical example of a Majorana fermion, we calculate the anapole moment for the lightest neutralino in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, and specifically in the bino, wino and higgsino limits. Finally, we briefly discuss the implications of the anapole moment for the direct detection of dark matter in the form of Majorana fermions., 24 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; published version
- Published
- 2023
12. The Hydrogen Atom
- Author
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Jean-Louis Basdevant
- Subjects
Physics ,Helium atom ,Low-barrier hydrogen bond ,Tetravalence ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Hydrogen atom ,Spin isomers of hydrogen ,Hydrogen atom abstraction ,Physics::History of Physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Principal quantum number ,Atomic physics ,Bohr radius - Abstract
The explanation of spectroscopic data was one of the first great victories of quantum theory. In modern science and technology, the mastery of atomic physics is responsible for decisive progress ranging from laser technology to the exploration of the cosmos.
- Published
- 2023
13. Instantaneous and local propagation
- Author
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Pulumubozibe, Honest
- Subjects
High Energy Physics::Theory ,Quantum Physics ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
This paper shows that in this observable or luminous universe, the speed of light is instantaneous across it according to Hubble's law, c=Hd (c is the speed of light, H is Hubble's constant and d is the length of the luminous or observable universe). Therefore, instantaneous propagation or quantum entanglement or spooky action is not superluminal as deridingly predicted but luminal. Actually, this is what the Bell tests observed, that is instantaneous propagation or quantum entanglement or spooky action is luminal across our luminous or observable universe.
- Published
- 2023
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14. The glimpse of astrological predictions through optimization techniques
- Author
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Basavarajaiah Doddagangavadi Mariyappa M, Narasimhamurthy Bhamidiapathi, and Marilingappa Doddappa Surangi
- Subjects
Astrological Predictions ,Movement planets ,Horoscope ,Celestial bodies ,Constellation ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
Astrology is an advanced and glamorous science, which plays a major role in predicting different events that happen in human life. It consists of scientific and analytical computations that depend on various phases of the orbital movements in the form of degrees; the précised level of planet movements can predict the cosmic energy and also articulate the accurate interpretations of horoscope information on the basis of a constellation of a given birth chart. Way back in 200 BC, an astronomer has adopted Mathematical interventions to measure the distance of planets from the sun and predicted various astrological manifestations. Nowadays, at the global platform, a very few numbers of research articles described the Mathematical and Pragmatic approach of astrological predictions. In this paradigm, we have formulated an advanced Stochastic Probability Convergence predictive model to describe the practical interventions and different features of horoscope and advancement of cosmic energy on the basis of comprehensive phenomena. This formulated model will be highly useful for astrologers to forecast the cosmic energy and different malafacies of human life on a day-to-day basis. Our formulated predictive model is handy and also capable to produce the accurate predictions of horoscopes. Based on the model convergence outputs, the Astronomers drew the real astrological interpretations scientifically without any Jargon and personal assumptions.
- Published
- 2022
15. Integral Aggregations of Continuous Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets
- Author
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Zeshui Xu, Yishi Zhang, and Jie Gao
- Subjects
Theoretical computer science ,Basis (linear algebra) ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,Fuzzy set ,Probabilistic logic ,Probability density function ,Monotonic function ,Fuzzy logic ,Physics::History of Physics ,Operator (computer programming) ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Artificial Intelligence ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Fuzzy number - Abstract
Probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets add the probability value corresponding to each degree of membership on the basis of hesitant fuzzy sets, so as to express the initial decision information given by experts more accurately and comprehensively. In this paper, we mainly study how to integrate large-scare probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information more efficiently. We first discuss some basic operation laws of probabilistic hesitant fuzzy numbers, based on these the concepts of continuous probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets and continuous probabilistic hesitant fuzzy functions are defined. They are the main research objects of our research. We further explore definite integrals of the continuous probabilistic hesitant fuzzy functions and their related properties. They have direct and powerful applications in continuous probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environments, and lay the foundation for subsequent theoretical analysis. Based on the weight density function, we finally get the weighted-integral operator of continuous probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information. Then some important properties of this integration operator are studied, including normalization, monotonicity and boundedness, etc. We are also devoted to revealing the inner connection between the continuous probabilistic hesitant fuzzy weighted-integral operator and the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy weighted averaging operator, the latter is usually used when dealing with discrete information. At last, we state why it is necessary to introduce a novel aggregation method based on definite integrals, and then provide an application of the proposed method to prove its validity and rationality.
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- 2022
16. Some notes on Randi´c index
- Author
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Serife Buyukkose and Ismail Naci Cangul
- Subjects
General Mathematics ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
In this paper we establish new inequalities involving Randi$\acute{c}$ index, weigthed Randi$\acute{c}$ index and general Randi$\acute{c}$ index in terms of the eigenvalues, the number of edges, the number of vertices, the energy and vertex degrees.
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- 2022
17. New Explanation for the Near-Side/Far-Side Lunar Maria Disparity
- Author
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J. Marvin Herndon
- Subjects
Physics::Space Physics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Physics::History of Physics ,Physics::Geophysics - Abstract
Any attempt to understand the origin of lunar maria must as well account for the dearth of maria on the far-side of the Moon. Various attempts have been made to explain the origin of lunar maria based solely upon obvious lunar processes, namely, volcanism and impact phenomena. Here I posit a different explanation for the origin of lunar maria by analogy with observations of Earth, specifically related to its central nuclear fission georeactor. Georeactor formation is a natural consequence of density layering in oxygen-starved (highly-reduced) planetary matter and is ideally suited for magnetic field generation in planets and large moons. A portion of georeactor produced heat is channeled to Earth’s surface hot-spots, e.g., Hawaii and Iceland, where its georeactor origin is indicated by the high relative 3He/4He ratios observed and seismically imaged heat channels extending to the top of the core. Massive basalt floods, e.g., Siberian and Deccan Traps were driven by georeactor-produced heat as indicated by the high relative 3He/4He ratios of their occluded helium. These terrestrial basalt floods suggest to me that the lunar maria might have similar origins driven by the Moon’s nuclear fission “lunar-reactor.” Remanent magnetization of some lunar surface material is indicative of an ancient internally-generated magnetic field. That implication is consistent with the magnetic fields produced by central nuclear fission reactors in many planets and large moons. The location of the lunar-reactor at the Moon’s center of mass, displaced 2 km toward the Earth-facing side, in concert with Earth’s tidal pull, I posit, is principally responsible for driving the maria-basalt floods toward the Earth facing side of the Moon. In principle, it should be possible to verify the correctness of this concept by measuring the helium isotopes of maria basalt samples taken from depths sufficient to be unaffected by solar wind implanted helium.
- Published
- 2022
18. A Real-Time Mass Flow Rate Estimation Method of Recirculation Water in Steam Generator of Nuclear Power Plants
- Author
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HUI Jiuwu, LING Jun, LUAN Zhenhua, WANG Gaixia, DONG He, YUAN Jingqi
- Subjects
recirculation water ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,food and beverages ,real-time estimation ,VM1-989 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,complex mixtures ,humanities ,Physics::History of Physics ,steam generator ,mass flow rate ,Chemical engineering ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,distributed parameter model ,TP155-156 ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
According to its actual structure, the steam generator is divided into the hot leg, the cold leg, the steam-water separator, and the steam chamber, where the hot leg and the cold leg are further divided into a descending channel and an ascending channel. Based on the mass, energy, and momentum conservation laws, the distribution parameter models for the hot leg, the cold leg, the steam-water separator, and the steam chamber are established. Combining the physical parameter database of the working medium and the data collection system (DCS) real-time measurement data, the model is solved in real time and the estimated mass flow rate of recirculation water is obtained. The verification results using the operating data of a CPR1000 nuclear power unit show that the calculated temperature, the pressure, and the mass flow rate of the outlet saturated steam of the steam generator agree well with the measured values, which indirectly verifies the correctness of the estimation approach of recirculation water proposed in this paper.
- Published
- 2022
19. Experimental Study on Condensation of Steam Jet Injection in Submerged Condition
- Author
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ZHANG Wei, JIANG Chaofei, YE Ya’nan, WANG Xiaoyan, GONG Zili, HU Chen, XIAO Yao, GU Hanyang
- Subjects
steam plume length ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,food and beverages ,pressure oscillation ,VM1-989 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,complex mixtures ,humanities ,Physics::History of Physics ,Physics::Geophysics ,Chemical engineering ,steam plume ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,steam jet injection ,TP155-156 ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,TA1-2040 ,direct contact condensation - Abstract
An experimental study is conducted to find the characteristics of steam plume and pressure oscillation on direct contact condensation by a side-hole sparger. Synchronal measuring of transient pressure of the steam plume is gained from the high-speed camera and high-pressure sensor respectively. The influence of steam mass flux and water temperature on direct contact condensation characteristic are presented and its regime map is plotted. Then, the dynamic connections of transient pressure and steam plume in different condensation regimes are analyzed. It is found that high frequency pressure oscillation and the collapse of detached bubbles occur at the same time. Together with the condensing and disappearing process of the collapse of detached bubbles, the intensity of pressure oscillation decays exponentially in a vibration way. The changing trends of steam plume length in condensation oscillation regime and stable condensation regime are also obtained, which shows that the steam plume increases with the steam mass flux and the temperature in the condensation oscillation regime. When entering the stable condensation regime, the steam plume suddenly decreases and then increases with the temperature and the steam mass flux. The research results are useful for the engineering application of sparger in steam emission devices.
- Published
- 2022
20. Wiener, edge-Wiener, and vertex-edge-Wiener index of Basilica graphs
- Author
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Daniele D'Angeli, Matteo Cavaleri, Stefan Hammer, and Alfredo Donno
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Sequence ,Binary tree ,Group (mathematics) ,Applied Mathematics ,Convergence (routing) ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,Topology (electrical circuits) ,Limit (mathematics) ,Wiener index ,Physics::History of Physics ,Mathematics ,Vertex (geometry) - Abstract
We determine the exact value of the Wiener index, the edge-Wiener index, and the vertex-edge-Wiener index of the Basilica graphs, i.e., the sequence of finite Schreier graphs associated with the action of the Basilica group on the rooted binary tree. Moreover, we give a formula for the total distance of every vertex in the Basilica graphs, and we are able to make it explicit for some special vertices. We finally introduce the notions of asymptotic Wiener index and asymptotic total distance, which are compatible with that of convergence of the sequence of finite Basilica graphs to an infinite orbital limit graph in the Gromov–Hausdorff topology: the asymptotic values are explicitly computed.
- Published
- 2022
21. Algebra-valued models for LP-set theory
- Author
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Santiago Jockwich Martinez
- Subjects
General Medicine ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
In this paper, we explore the possibility of constructing algebra-valued models of set theory based on Priest's Logic of Paradox. We show that we can build a non-classical model of ZFC which has as internal logic Priest's Logic of Paradox and validates Leibniz's law of indiscernibility of identicals. This is achieved by modifying the interpretation map for $\in$ and $=$ in our algebra-valued model. We end by comparing our model constructions to Priest's model-theoretic strategy and point out that we have a tradeoff between desirable model-theoretic properties and the validity of ZFC and its theorems.
- Published
- 2021
22. Modeling and Simulation on the Rotating Band Engraving Process of 23 mm Projectile
- Author
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Minh Do V., Son Bui X., and Huong Nguyen V.
- Subjects
Control and Systems Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Mathematics::History and Overview ,Automotive Engineering ,Aerospace Engineering ,Nuclear Experiment ,Physics::History of Physics ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Dynamic engraving process of 23 mm projectile was studied using numerical simulation. A finite element model of projectile and barrel during the engraving process was constructed, and the deformation process of the driving band, the displacement parameters of the projectile, the force interaction between the projectile and the barrel were determined. To evaluate the simulation model, a semi-static experiment was carried out on an MTS-810 universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 20 mm min−1. The simulation results show that the mechanism of the 23 mm projectile rotating band engraving process is the plastic deformation process of the rotating band material, engraving time is 1.12 m s, and the projectile velocity after engraving is 105 m s−1. The simulation results reflect the actual rotating band engraving process, which is very distinct from the assumptions used in the classical ballistic model. This work provides an approach to investigating the interior ballistic processes considering the dynamic engraving of rotating bands.
- Published
- 2021
23. New distances for dual hesitant fuzzy sets and their application in clustering algorithm
- Author
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Yanxia Wei and Qinghai Wang
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Artificial Intelligence ,General Engineering ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
Compared to hesitant fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, dual hesitant fuzzy sets can model problems in the real world more comprehensively. Dual hesitant fuzzy sets explicitly show a set of membership degrees and a set of non-membership degrees, which also imply a set of important data: hesitant degrees.The traditional definition of distance between dual hesitant fuzzy sets only considers membership degree and non-membership degree, but hesitant degree should also be taken into account. To this end, using these three important data sets (membership degree, non-membership degree and hesitant degree), we first propose a variety of new distance measurements (the generalized normalized distance, generalized normalized Hausdorff distance and generalized normalized hybrid distance) for dual hesitant fuzzy sets in this paper, based on which the corresponding similarity measurements can be obtained. In these distance definitions, membership degree, non-membership-degree and hesitant degree are of equal importance. Second, we propose a clustering algorithm by using these distances in dual hesitant fuzzy information system. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the clustering algorithm. Accordingly, the results of clustering in dual hesitant fuzzy information system are compared using the distance measurements mentioned in the paper, which verifies the utility and advantage of our proposed distances. Our work provides a new way to improve the performance of clustering algorithms in dual hesitant fuzzy information systems.
- Published
- 2021
24. FLORENSKY’S PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS AND THE THEORY OF SETS OF CANTOR
- Author
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D. N Radul
- Subjects
Mathematics::Logic ,Mathematics::General Topology ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
The article considers the role of the idea of actual infinity in the works of Florensky. The introduction briefly traces the history of ideas about the actual infinity in European culture to the works of George Cantor. The reaction of European scientists and religious figures to the emergence of the “naïve” theory of Cantor sets is characterized. A detailed analysis of the connection between Florensky and George Cantor’s ideas is given. Many quotations from the 1904 work on the symbols of Infinity are given, which illustrate the influence of Cantor’s works on Florensky. The presentation of Florensky’s religious and philosophical ideas of Cantor about the actual infinity is given. Emphasized understanding Florensky transfinite numbers Cantor as symbols.
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- 2021
25. A New Interpretation of Contributions Presented at the Solvay Conference 1911. Can We Falsify the 'Geocentric' Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in the Solar System?
- Author
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Jiří Stávek
- Subjects
Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
We have studied the contributions and presentations published in the Proceedings of the Solvay Conference 1911. Based on the lecture of Ernest Solvay on the “gravito-matérialitique” we can distinguish two features of the Earth´s gravitational field – 1. “gravité réelle” described by the Newton´s gravitational law and 2. “gravité potentielle” acting as an agent of the self-organization on quantum particles and creating structures described by the Planck constant hEARTH. From the discussions followed after the presentations of Walther Nernst and Albert Einstein we interpreted the Nernst- Lindemann Formula for the specific heat of solids using the comment of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (the discoverer of the superconductivity) as two transverse and one longitudinal oscillations of phonon in the surroundings at temperature T. In order to falsify this “geocentric” model of foundations of quantum mechanics in the spirit of Karl Popper we propose to initiate the CURE Project (China – USA – Russia – European Union) (cure = to solve a problem) in order to build quantum laboratories on different orbits around the Earth, on the surface of the Moon and Mars, and in the Lagrange points of the system the Earth – Moon and the Earth – Sun to get new experimental data for the specific heat of solids, the critical temperatures of superconductors, chemical and physical self-organized reactions (Liesegang rings, Belousov- Zhabotinsky waves, chemical clocks, Bose-Einstein condensates, de Broglie waves, etc.). There is space enough for all participants on this CURE Project to collect new valuable data describing this “hidden variable” presented by Ernest Solvay in his forgotten lecture in 1911.
- Published
- 2021
26. Nonlinear Dynamic Modelling of a Suspension Seat for Predicting the Vertical Seat Transmissibility
- Author
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Weitan Yin, Juyue Ding, and Yi Qiu
- Subjects
Article Subject ,Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition ,General Mathematics ,Physics::Medical Physics ,QA1-939 ,General Engineering ,Computer Science::Social and Information Networks ,TA1-2040 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Mathematics ,Physics::History of Physics ,Computer Science::Computers and Society - Abstract
Suspension seats are widely used in heavy vehicles to reduce vibration transmitted to human body and promote ride comfort. Previous studies have shown that the dynamics of the suspension seat exhibits nonlinear behaviour with changed vibration magnitudes. Despite various linear seat models developed in the past, a nonlinear model of the suspension seat capturing the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of the seat suspension and cushion has not been developed for the prediction of the seat transmissibility. This paper proposes a nonlinear lumped parameter model of the suspension seat to predict the nonlinear dynamic response of the seat. The suspension seat model comprises of a nonlinear suspension submodel integrated with a nonlinear cushion submodel. The parameters of the submodels are determined by minimizing the error between the simulated and the measured transmissibility of the suspension mechanism and the force-deflection curve of the seat cushion, respectively. The model of the complete seat is then validated using the seat transmissibility measured with inert mass under vertical vibration excitation. The results show that the proposed suspension seat model can be used to predict the seat transmissibility with various excitation magnitudes.
- Published
- 2021
27. The Bohr phenomenon for analytic functions on shifted disks
- Author
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Himadri Halder, Vasudevarao Allu, and Molla Basir Ahamed
- Subjects
Physics ,Bohr-Rogosinski radius ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Mathematics::Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Radius ,Articles ,Omega ,improved Bohr radius ,Physics::History of Physics ,Bohr model ,symbols.namesake ,Simply connected space ,Domain (ring theory) ,symbols ,refined Bohr radius and Bohr inequality ,bounded analytic functions ,Simply connected domain ,Bohr radius ,Analytic function ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the Bohr phenomenon for the class of analytic functions defined on the simply connected domain \(\Omega_{\gamma}=\bigg\{z\in\mathbb{C} \colon \bigg|z+\frac{\gamma}{1-\gamma}\bigg
- Published
- 2021
28. Quantum metaphysical indeterminacy and the ontological foundations of orthodoxy
- Author
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David Schroeren
- Subjects
History ,Logic ,Physics ,Philosophy ,05 social sciences ,Classical logic ,Metaphysics ,Indeterminacy (philosophy) ,Fundamental ontology ,06 humanities and the arts ,16. Peace & justice ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,Physics::History of Physics ,050105 experimental psychology ,Epistemology ,Individualism ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Quantum state ,060302 philosophy ,Ontology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Quantum - Abstract
This paper develops quantum state individualism, a fundamental ontology for what is usually known as ‘orthodox quantum mechanics.’ The central import of this ontology is that allows for a systematic evaluation of some of the main conclusions of the recent literature on quantum metaphysical indeterminacy. In particular, quantum state individualism supports the ‘gappy’ version of Jessica Wilson's determinable-based account of metaphysical indeterminacy; it implies that fundamental reality is perfectly precise; and third, it provides a non-disjunctive definition of determinables and thereby shields Wilson's account against the charge that it requires either a departure from classical logic or a revision of the quantum formalism.
- Published
- 2021
29. Parametric analysis of the efficiency of the combined gas-steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle for the FPSO vessel
- Author
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Serbin Serhiy, Washchilenko Nikolay, Dzida Marek, and Kowalski Jerzy
- Subjects
gas turbine ,Mechanical Engineering ,power plant ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,food and beverages ,VM1-989 ,steam turbine ,Ocean Engineering ,complex mixtures ,humanities ,Physics::History of Physics ,Physics::Geophysics ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,combined-cycle - Abstract
A thermal diagram of the combined gas-steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle, which is an energy complex consisting of a base gas turbine engine with a steam turbine heat recovery circuit and a steam-injected gas turbine operating with overexpansion, is proposed. A mathematical model of a power plant has been developed, taking into consideration the features of thermodynamic processes of simple, binary, and steam-injected gas–steam cycles. Thermodynamic investigations and optimization of the parameters of a combined installation of a hybrid cycle for the generation of electrical energy have been carried out. Three-dimensional calculations of the combustion chamber of a steam-injected gas turbine were carried out, which confirmed the low emissions of the main toxic components.
- Published
- 2021
30. Dyadic John–Nirenberg space
- Author
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Kim Myyryläinen and Juha Kinnunen
- Subjects
Mathematics::Functional Analysis ,Pure mathematics ,Mathematics::Complex Variables ,Generalization ,Oscillation ,General Mathematics ,Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs ,Mathematics::Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Function (mathematics) ,Space (mathematics) ,Physics::History of Physics ,Bounded mean oscillation ,Bounded function ,Maximal operator ,Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment ,Mathematics - Abstract
We discuss the dyadic John–Nirenberg space that is a generalization of functions of bounded mean oscillation. A John–Nirenberg inequality, which gives a weak type estimate for the oscillation of a function, is discussed in the setting of medians instead of integral averages. We show that the dyadic maximal operator is bounded on the dyadic John–Nirenberg space and provide a method to construct nontrivial functions in the dyadic John–Nirenberg space. Moreover, we prove that the John–Nirenberg space is complete. Several open problems are also discussed.
- Published
- 2021
31. Master equations for Wigner functions with spontaneous collapse and their relation to thermodynamic irreversibility
- Author
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Michael te Vrugt, Gyula I. Tóth, and Raphael Wittkowski
- Subjects
Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Collapse (topology) ,Measurement problem ,Molecular dynamics ,Master equation ,History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Wave function ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics ,Quantum Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) ,Physics::History of Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Classical mechanics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Phase space ,Dissipative system ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,Physics - Computational Physics ,Dynamic equation - Abstract
Wigner functions, allowing for a reformulation of quantum mechanics in phase space, are of central importance for the study of the quantum-classical transition. A full understanding of the quantum-classical transition, however, also requires an explanation for the absence of macroscopic superpositions to solve the quantum measurement problem. Stochastic reformulations of quantum mechanics based on spontaneous collapses of the wavefunction are a popular approach to this issue. In this article, we derive the dynamic equations for the four most important spontaneous collapse models - Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber (GRW) theory, continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, Di\'osi-Penrose model, and dissipative GRW model - in the Wigner framework. The resulting master equations are approximated by Fokker-Planck equations. Moreover, we use the phase-space form of GRW theory to test, via molecular dynamics simulations, David Albert's suggestion that the stochasticity induced by spontaneous collapses is responsible for the emergence of thermodynamic irreversibility. The simulations show that, for initial conditions leading to anti-thermodynamic behavior in the classical case, GRW-type perturbations do not lead to thermodynamic behavior. Consequently, the GRW-based equilibration mechanism proposed by Albert is not observed., Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures
- Published
- 2021
32. Tense operators on frameable equality algebras
- Author
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Shokoofeh Ghorbani
- Subjects
Algebraic properties ,Computer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing) ,Computational intelligence ,Congruence relation ,Representation theory ,Physics::History of Physics ,Prime (order theory) ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Algebra ,Mathematics::Logic ,Computer Science::Logic in Computer Science ,Geometry and Topology ,Software ,Mathematics - Abstract
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the frameable equality algebras and use the concept of tense operators on them to define tense equality algebras. We investigate some algebraic properties of tense equality algebras and prove the representation theory for strict strong tense equality algebras. Then we introduce the notions of (prime) tense deductive systems and tense congruences and obtain some structural theorems.
- Published
- 2021
33. Bohr—Sommerfeld Levels for Quantum Completely Integrable Systems
- Author
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Victor Guillemin and Zuo Qin Wang
- Subjects
symbols.namesake ,Integrable system ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Modulo ,Zero (complex analysis) ,symbols ,Quantum ,Physics::History of Physics ,Mathematics ,Mathematical physics ,Bohr model - Abstract
In this paper we will show how the Bohr-Sommerfeld levels of a quantum completely integrable system can be computed modulo O(ħ∞) by an inductive procedure starting at stage zero with the Bohr-Sommerfeld levels of the corresponding classical completely integrable system.
- Published
- 2021
34. There is no measurement problem for Humeans
- Author
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Chris Dorst
- Subjects
Physics ,Philosophy ,symbols.namesake ,Theoretical physics ,symbols ,Metaphysics ,Collapse (topology) ,Measurement problem ,Wave function collapse ,Quantum ,Physics::History of Physics ,Schrödinger equation - Abstract
The measurement problem concerns an apparent conflict between the two fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, namely the Schrodinger equation and the measurement postulate. These principles describe inconsistent behavior for quantum systems in so-called "measurement contexts." Many theorists have thought that the measurement problem can only be resolved by proposing a mechanistic explanation of (genuine or apparent) wavefunction collapse that avoids explicit reference to "measurement." However, I argue here that the measurement problem dissolves if we accept Humeanism about laws of nature. On a Humean metaphysics, there is no conflict between the two principles, nor is there any inherent problem with the concept of "measurement" figuring into the account of collapse.
- Published
- 2021
35. Explanation of Stephen Hawking’s fallacy of the Big Bang Theory and denial of the existence of God
- Author
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Mikaeel Jamalpoor and Mir Mehdi Behboodi Tolon
- Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,big bang theory ,logical fallacy ,stephan hawking ,B1-5802 ,Philosophy (General) ,start of creation ,denial of the existence of god ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
Hawking emphasizes the big bang theory as a practical theory, thus answering the question of how the universe began. It has been emphasized by Stephan Hawking. He, according to this ideology has had various outcomes related to the concept of God and the beginning of existence. He believes that all of Universal Existence is comprised of Material, Energy, and Laws of Physics, eventually leading to the independence of a Metaphysical God's existence for creation of the universe. This logical-fallacy study is based on the hypothesis that the Big Bang theory cannot be positive about the existence or non-existence of God. The main issue is the possibility of replacing God in the big bang. Since Hawking's expression of such an argument is distorted by the fallacy of detailed composition or co-authorship, it lacks philosophical rationality from a philosophical point of view. The explanation of what Hawking’s -with inconsistent differences- has expressed about this topic sheds light on the big bang being termed as the starting point of the creation of the universe cannot be convincing. This article seeks to explore the argument for the Big Bang theory to prove the non-existence of God and to apply rationality and the laws of logic to achieve the designated goal.
- Published
- 2021
36. Hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision making based on binary connection number of set pair analysis
- Author
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Qing Shen, Yong Liu, Jungang Lou, and Yunliang Jiang
- Subjects
Hesitant fuzzy sets ,Mathematical optimization ,Soft Computing in Decision Making and in Modeling in Economics ,Computer science ,Mathematics::General Mathematics ,Multi-attribute decision making ,Fuzzy set ,Probabilistic logic ,Binary number ,Computational intelligence ,Fuzzy logic ,Physics::History of Physics ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Binary connection number ,Conditional decision making ,Set (abstract data type) ,Probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets ,Ranking ,Geometry and Topology ,Software ,Decision-making models - Abstract
To objectively evaluate the influence of hesitant fuzziness on the ranking of alternatives in multi-attribute decision making with hesitant fuzzy or probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information, the binary connection number of set pair analysis is applied to hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision making. The hesitant or probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set is transformed to the binary connection number. A hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision making model based on binary connection number is then established. Binary connection number theory is utilized to obtain the hesitant fuzzy center and decision-making suggestions about the alternative ranking under different hesitant fuzzy conditions. Experimental examples show that the hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision making model based on binary connection number has a certain versatility. It can determine the optimal scheme under the influence of hesitant fuzziness on the alternative ranking and contains the results of the same hesitant fuzzy decision-making problem using other methods, which helps in targeted decision making according to different hesitant fuzzy conditions.
- Published
- 2021
37. Band-selective Holstein polaron in Luttinger liquid material A 0.3MoO3 (A = K, Rb)
- Author
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Yang Chen, Lei Kang, Z. X. Yin, Rong-Gang Xu, Yingfeng Li, Xian Du, Silei Sun, R. Xiong, Yan Zhang, Xu Gu, Ding Pei, Lexian Yang, Jun Zhang, Zhaoxu Wang, Yuanjun Chen, Zhongkai Liu, R. K. Gu, Jingsong Zhou, Qingtian Zhang, and Jianping Shi
- Subjects
Electronic properties and materials ,Peierls transition ,Science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Polaron ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Physics::Popular Physics ,Luttinger liquid ,Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) ,Condensed matter physics ,Transition temperature ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,General Chemistry ,Spinon ,Physics::History of Physics ,Holon (physics) ,Phase transitions and critical phenomena ,Quasiparticle ,Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Charge density wave - Abstract
(Quasi-)one-dimensional systems exhibit various fascinating properties such as Luttinger liquid behavior, Peierls transition, novel topological phases, and the accommodation of unique quasiparticles (e.g., spinon, holon, and soliton, etc.). Here we study molybdenum blue bronze A0.3MoO3 (A = K, Rb), a canonical quasi-one-dimensional charge-density-wave material, using laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our experiment suggests that the normal phase of A0.3MoO3 is a prototypical Luttinger liquid, from which the charge-density-wave emerges with decreasing temperature. Prominently, we observe strong renormalizations of band dispersions, which is recognized as the spectral function of Holstein polaron derived from band-selective electron-phonon coupling in the system. We argue that the strong electron-phonon coupling plays a dominant role in electronic properties and the charge-density-wave transition in blue bronzes. Our results not only reconcile the long-standing heavy debates on the electronic properties of blue bronzes but also provide a rare platform to study novel composite quasiparticles in Luttinger liquid materials., 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Nature Communications
- Published
- 2021
38. Permutations avoiding 4321 and 3241 have an algebraic generating function
- Author
-
Callan, David
- Subjects
Statistics::Machine Learning ,General Computer Science ,Mathematics::History and Overview ,FOS: Mathematics ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,Combinatorics (math.CO) ,05A15 ,Physics::History of Physics ,Theoretical Computer Science - Abstract
We show that permutations avoiding both of the (classical) patterns 4321 and 3241 have the algebraic generating function conjectured by Vladimir Kruchinin., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, final version, to appear, Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science (DMTCS)
- Published
- 2022
39. Consistency between causality and complementarity guaranteed by the Robertson inequality in quantum field theory
- Author
-
Yuuki Sugiyama, Akira Matsumura, and Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory ,Quantum Physics ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,Physics::History of Physics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
It has long been debated whether gravity should be quantized or not. Recently, the authors in [Sci. Rep. 6, 22777 (2016); Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 3035 (2009)] discussed the inconsistency between causality and complementarity in a Gedankenexperiment involving the quantum superposition of massive/ charged bodies, and Belenchia et al. [Phys. Rev. D 98, 126009 (2018); Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 28, 1943001 (2019)] resolved the inconsistency by requiring the quantum radiation and vacuum fluctuations of gravitational/electromagnetic field. Stimulated by their works, we reanalyze the consistency between the two physical properties, causality and complementarity, according to the quantum field theory. In this analysis, we consider a Gedankenexperiment inspired by [Sci. Rep. 6, 22777 (2016); Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 3035 (2009); Phys. Rev. D 98, 126009 (2018); Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 28, 1943001 (2019)], in which two charged particles coupled with a photon field are in a superposition of two trajectories. First, we observe that causality is satisfied by the retarded propagation of the photon field. Next, by introducing an inequality between visibility and which-path information, we show that the quantum radiation and vacuum fluctuations of the photon field ensure complementarity. We further find that the Robertson inequality associated with the photon field leads to the consistency between causality and complementarity in our Gedankenexperiment. Finally, we mention that a similar feature appears in the quantum field of gravity., 14 pages, 3 figures
- Published
- 2022
40. The Turndown of the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation and Changing Baryon Fraction at Low Galaxy Masses
- Author
-
Kristen. B. W. McQuinn, Elizabeth A. K. Adams, John M. Cannon, Jackson Fuson, Evan D. Skillman, Alyson Brooks, Katherine L. Rhode, Martha P. Haynes, John L. Inoue, Joshua Marine, John. J. Salzer, Anjana K. Talluri, and Astronomy
- Subjects
Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Physics::History of Physics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
The ratio of baryonic-to-dark matter in present-day galaxies constrains galaxy formation theories and can be determined empirically via the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR), which compares a galaxy's baryonic mass (Mbary) to its maximum rotation velocity (Vmax). The BTFR is well-determined at Mbary >10^8 Msun, but poorly constrained at lower masses due to small samples and the challenges of measuring rotation velocities in this regime. For 25 galaxies with high-quality data and Mbary, 39 pages, 4 tables, 24 figures
- Published
- 2022
41. The Unified Field 4-Dimensional Relativistic Dirac Equation
- Author
-
Wim Vegt
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Astronomy ,Physics ,Gravity ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics::History of Physics ,Dirac Equation ,Relativity ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Electromagnetism ,Dirac ,String Theory ,Elementary Particles ,Superstrings - Abstract
Albert Einstein, Lorentz and Minkowski published in 1905 the Theory of Special Relativity and Einstein published in 1915 his field theory of general relativity based on a curved 4-dimensional space-time continuum to integrate the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field in one unified field. Since then the method of Einstein’s unifying field theory has been developed by many others in more than 4 dimensions resulting finally in the well-known 10-dimensional and 11-dimensional “string theory”. String theory is an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 (following John Archibald Wheeler‘s(3) 1937 introduction of the S-matrix), picked up and advocated by many prominent theorists starting in the late 1950’s.Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza (1885-1954), was a German mathematician and physicist well-known for the Kaluza–Klein theory involving field equations in curved five-dimensional space. His idea that fundamental forces can be unified by introducing additional dimensions re-emerged much later in the “String Theory”.The original Kaluza-Klein theory was one of the first attempts to create an unified field theory i.e. the theory, which would unify all the forces under one fundamental law. It was published in 1921 by Theodor Kaluza and extended in 1926 by Oskar Klein. The basic idea of this theory was to postulate one extra compactified space dimension and introduce nothing but pure gravity in a new (1 + 4)-dimensional space-time. Klein suggested that the fifth dimension would be rolled up into a tiny, compact loop on the order of 10^-35 [m] Wim VegtDepartment of PhysicsEindhoven University of Technology The NetherlandsCorrespondence: HST@quantumlight.scienceData: https://quantumlight.science/
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Symmetries and symmetry breaking
- Author
-
Michael Kachelriess
- Subjects
Physics ,Theoretical physics ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Homogeneous space ,Symmetry breaking ,Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons ,Physics::History of Physics - Abstract
The spontaneous breaking of symmetries (SSB) is discussed for global symmetries and Goldstones theorem is derived. The renormalisation of theories with SSB is studied using the effective potential. Then SSB is applied to the Abelian Higgs model, both on the classical and quantum level.
- Published
- 2022
43. Curvature of Space and Time, with an Introduction to Geometric Analysis
- Author
-
Justin Corvino
- Subjects
Physics::Computational Physics ,Physics ,Spacetime ,Geometric analysis ,General relativity ,General Mathematics ,Curvature ,Physics::History of Physics ,Gravitation ,Physics::Popular Physics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Theoretical physics ,symbols.namesake ,symbols ,Einstein - Abstract
Over a century has passed since Einstein formulated general relativity, a remarkable theory of gravitation about which he grappled for about a decade following his theory of special relativity. The...
- Published
- 2021
44. Reiterman’s Theorem on Finite Algebras for a Monad
- Author
-
UrbatHenning, AdámekJiří, ChenLiang-Ting, and MiliusStefan
- Subjects
Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition ,General Computer Science ,Mathematics::Complex Variables ,Logic ,Physics::History of Physics ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Algebra ,Mathematics::Group Theory ,Computational Mathematics ,Monad (non-standard analysis) ,Mathematics::Category Theory ,ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION ,Formal language ,Algebraic number ,Mathematics - Abstract
Profinite equations are an indispensable tool for the algebraic classification of formal languages. Reiterman’s theorem states that they precisely specify pseudovarieties, i.e., classes of finite algebras closed under finite products, subalgebras and quotients. In this article, Reiterman’s theorem is generalized to finite Eilenberg-Moore algebras for a monad T on a category D: we prove that a class of finite T -algebras is a pseudovariety iff it is presentable by profinite equations. As a key technical tool, we introduce the concept of a profinite monad T ^ associated to the monad T , which gives a categorical view of the construction of the space of profinite terms.
- Published
- 2021
45. Linking critical thinking disposition, cognitive flexibility and achievement: Math anxiety’s mediating role
- Author
-
Pınar Güner and Semirhan Gökçe
- Subjects
Cognitive flexibility ,Critical thinking disposition ,Physics::History of Physics ,Structural equation modeling ,Mathematical anxiety ,Education ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the interplays among the critical thinking disposition, cognitive flexibility, math anxiety and math achievement with structural equation modeling and d...
- Published
- 2021
46. A short proof of Green's formula
- Author
-
Shiquan Ruan
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Algebra and Number Theory ,010102 general mathematics ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::History of Physics ,Green S ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Rotation (mathematics) ,Associative property ,Mathematics - Abstract
We give a short proof of Green's formula on Hall numbers. By using rotation of triangles, we find that Green's formula is just the associativity of derived Hall numbers.
- Published
- 2021
47. Poincaré, Le Roy, and the Nouveau positivisme
- Author
-
María de Paz
- Subjects
symbols.namesake ,Philosophy of science ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Computer Science::Systems and Control ,Philosophy ,Helmholtz free energy ,Mathematics::History and Overview ,Poincaré conjecture ,symbols ,Computer Science::General Literature ,Einstein ,Physics::History of Physics ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
Henri Poincare’s philosophy of science has been widely studied and has been related to other important scientific and philosophical figures such as Einstein, Hilbert, Helmholtz, Duhem, and even Ber...
- Published
- 2021
48. Hermann Cohen and His Idea of the Logic of Pure Knowledge
- Author
-
Zinaida A. Sokuler
- Subjects
scientific theory as a construction ,Mathematics::Commutative Algebra ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Rationalism ,a priori ,empiricism ,idealism ,thing in itself ,Physics::History of Physics ,Epistemology ,Philosophy ,Idealism ,Theoretical philosophy ,German idealism ,Sense data ,inductivism ,h. cohen ,transcendentalism and historicity ,i. kant ,Empiricism ,rationalism ,Inductivism ,Mathematics - Abstract
Hermann Cohen, as it is well known, criticised the Kantian notion of the thing-in-itself. And before him the Kantian thing-in-itself was criticised by Fichte and other German idealists. Probably for this reason, Hermann Cohen is sometimes regarded as a person who said things similar to Fichte. This gives a completely wrong perspective, making it impossible to understand the philosopher's ideas. The basis for his critique of the Kantian thing-in-itself is quite different from the motives, determining the criticism of Kant in the classical German Idealism. Such interpretation does not allow to see close connection of Cohen's theoretical philosophy with revolution in physics which took place at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The article explains how Cohen's demand that pure thinking must form its own content is connected with transformations taking place in physics and mathematics, and the peculiarity of Cohen's understanding of idealism is demonstrated: for him, correct idealism must realize that autonomous, free thinking should work seriously with sense data. The closeness of Cohen's ideas to the postpositivist thesis of the theory-ladenness of observation is explained. For Cohen, serious work with sense data is opposite to uncritical acceptance of them as given. The origin of scientific thinking is thinking itself. It responds to the challenge of sensory material by creating its own constructs. Mathematized natural science becomes for Cohen both an example and a confirmation of this thesis. For him, what is real is what is described in the language of mathematical analysis, i.e. continuous processes, in spite of the fact that any data are discrete. It is shown that the source of Cohen's assertions on this issue is in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, namely in the doctrine of the Principles of pure natural science and, more specifically, in the Anticipations of Perception. Cohen's conviction of the constructive character of the theories of mathematized natural science is confirmed in the article by references to the authority of A. Einstein.
- Published
- 2021
49. Quantum Entanglement Undermines Structural Realism
- Author
-
Seungbae Park
- Subjects
Philosophy ,Theoretical physics ,Metaphysics ,Quantum Physics ,Electron ,Quantum entanglement ,Supervenience ,Object (philosophy) ,Physics::History of Physics ,Spin-½ - Abstract
Quantum entanglement poses a challenge to the traditional metaphysical view that an extrinsic property of an object is determined by its intrinsic properties. So structural realists might be tempted to cite quantum entanglement as evidence for structural realism. I argue, however, that quantum entanglement undermines structural realism. If we classify two entangled electrons as a single system, we can say that their spin properties are intrinsic properties of the system, and that we can have knowledge about these intrinsic properties. Specifically, we can know that the parts of the system are entangled and spatially separated from each other. In addition, the concept of supervenience neither illuminates quantum entanglement nor helps structural realism.
- Published
- 2021
50. On the Numerical Solution of the Near Field Refractor Problem
- Author
-
Henok Mawi and Cristian E. Gutiérrez
- Subjects
Control and Optimization ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Near and far field ,01 natural sciences ,Measure (mathematics) ,010309 optics ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,0103 physical sciences ,Convergence (routing) ,Arbitrary-precision arithmetic ,FOS: Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,0101 mathematics ,Finite set ,Mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Numerical Analysis (math.NA) ,Lipschitz continuity ,Physics::History of Physics ,Scheme (mathematics) ,Refracting telescope ,Physics - Optics ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) ,Optics (physics.optics) ,78A05, 35Q60, 97N40, 65J22 - Abstract
A numerical scheme is presented to solve the one source near field refractor problem to arbitrary precision and it is proved that the scheme terminates in a finite number of iterations. The convergence of the algorithm depends upon proving appropriate Lipschitz estimates for the refractor measure. The algorithm is presented in general terms and has independent interest., Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure, a reference was corrected
- Published
- 2021
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