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Clonal integration is an important ecological advantage of clonal plants. To ask whether clonal integration can help invasive plants escape space limitations, we tested the hypothesis that it can promote the growth of apical ramets when their connected basal ramets grow in limited space. We conducted a greenhouse experiment on the common perennial herb Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Clonal fragments consisting of pairs of connected ramets grew with basal ramets in three different sizes of pots (small, medium, and large) and apical ramets in large pots, and the connection between ramets was either severed or left intact. Pot size significantly affected the growth of basal ramets such that the biomass, number of leaves and flowers, and stolon length were in general greater in medium pots than in large and small pots when stolons were intact and were greater in medium and large pots than in small pots when stolons were severed. Furthermore, pot size interacted with severance to affect the performance of H. vulgaris. When the basal ramets grew in small pots, the intact stolon resulted in a significant promotion of apical ramet growth, but such positive effect was not found when the basal ramets grew in medium and large pots. Our results suggest that H. vulgaris is able to promote the growth of apical ramets to occupy the surrounding areas through clonal integration when the space where basal ramets grow is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liang Hong's "Liang zhuang" series are true records of Liang zhuang's great changes in the process of urbanization in her capacity as the daughter of Liang zhuang. In this series, she no longer continues the tone of the "decay" theory of the countryside, but comprehensively shows the countryside world in the midst of modernization and change. Behind the hollowing out of the villages, the villages are increasingly renewed; in the pursuit of material prosperity, the villagers yearn for human contact; and in the midst of their inner uncertainty, they search for their first spiritual support. In the context of transition, whether it is the physical space where the old and the new are mixed together, the social space where people change, or the spiritual space where the rupture continues, the rural society contains vitality and vigor, and presents a diversified and complex appearance, which is also the real scene of the rural society, and a new expression of the urban-rural relationship in the context of the era of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I show how multivariate integration over a physical object serves as a handy tool for a gentle introduction to multivariate probability theory with continuous variables. This exercise helps to visualise and thus link concepts that at first sight seem distant or even unrelated. The concepts and methods presented are digestible for advanced high school classes and above.

I show how multivariate integration over a physical object serves as a handy tool for a gentle introduction to multivariate probability theory with continuous variables. This exercise helps to visualise and thus link concepts that at first sight seem distant or even unrelated. The concepts and methods presented are digestible for advanced high school classes and above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the relationship between physical spaces and crime in the Historic Centre of Porto (HCP), Portugal, is crucial, considering the relevance of this area to the city. This study analyses HCP's physical space characteristics and its official statistics of crime, identifying the physical space facilitating crime. A mixed methodology comprising exploratory and descriptive design was used. The sample consisted of 410 observation records (2019–2020), and 15,853 official records of criminal occurrences reported to the Public Security Police (PSP) (2015–2019) in charge of safety in this area. Findings suggest that physical space facilitating crime include reduced visibility and night lighting, narrow streets, tunnels, dead end streets, abandoned places and houses allowing hiding, and areas without formal/informal surveillance. The PSP records show that property crime was the most prevalent in all the six HCP parishes. It is absolutely urgent to reform the spaces in the HCP, to prevent crime. Local entities can implement Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) strategies to make the HCP safer for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociology & Space / Sociologija i Prostor is the property of Institut za drustvena istrazivanja u Zagrebu (Institute for Social Research of Zagreb) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, the issue of information support (CIS) of Lviv Polytechnic National University is considered, an approach to the safe functioning of the center in cyberspace and the communication environment is developed on the basis of the creation of security systems of information and communication technologies according to the concept of "object - threat" - protection". A software implementation of information encryption based on the AES algorithm by means of Python was developed in order to ensure the safe functioning of databases in the cyberspace of the Central Intelligence Agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Museums, which are the embodiment of art, exhibition, culture, and science, have started to offer virtual space experiences as well as traditional physical space experiences in recent years. In addition to the development of technology, the pandemic, which started in 2019 and affected the whole world, has also been effective in accelerating the transformation of museums from physical space to virtual space. The increasing use of virtual museums directly concerns different user groups in terms of accessibility. In a physical museum experience, solutions that appeal to different types of users are generally produced. Thanks to these solutions, an individual with any disability can be included in the space with all senses such as sight, touch, smell, and hearing during a museum visit, while the lack of inclusion of all senses in the virtual space experience causes the experience to be more limited. This study discusses this limitation in terms of accessibility. How can the virtual space experience be more accessible for different types of users? Can different solutions be offered to all user groups for a better understanding of the space and the art product? These questions constitute the research questions of this study. In this context, this study aims to examine how accessible virtual museums are. The study has conducted this inquiry through 59 virtual museums in Turkey. As a method, virtual museums were classified and tabulated in terms of their accessibility levels in line with their characteristics. It was concluded that there are deficiencies in the experience of different types of users and various suggestions were made in terms of virtual accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home environments of infants exposed to poverty exhibit fewer affordances for child development. This study aimed to investigate the association between contextual factors and affordances in the home environments of infants facing poverty. Term infants (n = 128) were divided into two groups: (1) exposed group (EG), comprising term infants exposed to poverty, and (2) comparison group (CG), consisting of term infants classified with medium and high socio-economic status. The main dependent variables were physical space, variety of stimulation, gross and fine motor toys, and the total score; measured using the Brazilian version of the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) questionnaire, named Affordances no Ambiente Domiciliar para o Desenvolvimento Motor-Escala Bebê. Statistical analysis employed independent sample t-tests or Mann–Whitney tests, chi-square tests, and stepwise multiple linear regression models to evaluate predictors of less adequate home environments. The EG presented significantly fewer affordances in gross motor toys (Cohen's r = 0.353; p < 0.01); fine motor toys (Cohen's r = 0.327; p < 0.01); and total score (Cohen's r = 0.377; p < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significant association (r2 = 0.828, p < 0.01) between the less than adequate home environment category and maternal age (p = 0.043, OR: 0.829 (0.692–0.994)), revealing that maternal age was associated with better quantity and quality of affordances for child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article refines the axiomatic foundation of central place theory (CPT) and identifies the possibilities and limitations of a logical transition in research from real settlement systems to central place (CP) systems. The necessity of relying on the CPT axioms in the following form is determined: (1) the space of a CP system is not infinite, but finite: the basis of each system is formed by an isolated lattice; the theory deals with physical space, not mathematical or geographical; (2) the space is homogeneous and isotropic in all respects, except for the distribution of not only the urban, but also the rural population; (3) a hexagonal lattice corresponds to the equilibrium state of an isolated CP system as an attractor; deviations from a hexagonal shape result only from external impact on the system; (4) CP systems are polymorphic: they can exist in modifications with both the same and different values for all levels of the hierarchy and not necessarily an integer value K ∈ (1, 7]. The axiom about a consumer's "rational" behavior is accepted when establishing the CP hierarchy in terms of the volume of functions performed; when establishing their hierarchy in terms of population, it is redundant. In contrast to the foreign approach to CPT, which presupposes the transfer of properties of an ideal CP system to a real settlement system, in the approach of the Russian school, they are compared. The possibility of the latter is due to the equivalence principle in the relativistic version of the theory, according to which settlement systems form in the geographic space similarly to how CP systems form in the physical space. In both cases, if the gravitational effects are compensated, it is impossible to distinguish a settlement system from a CP system; i.e., a heterogeneous and anisotropic geographical space cannot be distinguished from a homogeneous and isotropic physical one. The immediate consequence of this is equivalence, on the one hand, of the population of settlements and CP, and, on the other, the distances between them in real settlement systems and CP systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated (1) the effects of divided and focused attention on event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited by somatosensory stimulation under different response modes, (2) the effects of hand position (closely-placed vs. separated hands) and arm posture (crossed vs. uncrossed forearms) on the attentional modulation of somatosensory ERPs, and (3) changes in the coupling of stimulus- and responserelated processes by somatosensory attention using a single-trial analysis of P300 latency and reaction times. Electrocutaneous stimulation was presented randomly to the thumb or middle finger of the left or right hand at random interstimulus intervals (700-900ms). Subjects attended unilaterally or bilaterally to stimuli in order to detect target stimuli by a motor response or counting. The effects of unilaterally-focused attention were also tested under different hand and arm positions. The amplitude of N140 in the divided attention condition was intermediate between unilaterally attended and unattended stimuli in the unilaterally-focused attention condition in both the mental counting and motor response tasks. Attended infrequent (target) stimuli elicited greater P300 in the unilaterally attention condition than in the divided attention condition. P300 latency was longer in the divided attention condition than in the unilaterally-focused attention condition in the motor response task, but remained unchanged in the counting task. Closely locating the hands had no impact, whereas crossing the forearms decreased the attentional enhancement in N140 amplitude. In contrast, these two manipulations uniformly decreased P300 amplitude and increased P300 latency. The correlation between single-trial P300 latency and RT was decreased by crossed forearms, but not by divided attention or closely-placed hands. Therefore, the present results indicate that focused and divided attention differently affected middle latency and late processing, and that hand position and arm posture also differently affected attentional processes and stimulus-response coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the concepts of space within the Rahab story (Josh 2; 6). The story places great emphasis on space imagery, including spatial terms from three central categories: Rahab’s house, the city space, and space references from without the city. The house space will be shown to represent inclusion and safety; the city space, society and law; and the external space, lawlessness and danger. In addition, the text mentions several liminal spaces, such as the city wall, the city gates, Rahab’s doorstep, and her window. The liminality that these spaces represent plays a central role in the story as well. Aspects of physical space, perceived space, and liminal space are discussed, as well as their impact on the characterization of the characters and their actions.

In this paper, we propose that “deep mapping,” as described by David Bodenhamer (Bodenhamer 2016), can be used as a technique to broaden the scope of who is allowed to tell stories about place by letting a map’s authors re-engage physical spaces through narrative, subverting the notion of a map as an authoritative representation of place. We introduce The MapTool, a custom software toolkit we have developed in collaboration with authors telling stories about places. This tool facilitates the creation of interactive maps for both web and mobile applications. By presenting three case studies of projects composed using The MapTool, we examine ways in which deep maps provide an opportunity to co-construct stories of physical places through layering.Dans cet article, nous proposons que la cartographie profonde, telle que décrite par David Bodenhamer (Bodenhamer 2016), puisse être utilisée comme technique pour élargir le champ des personnes autorisées à raconter des histoires sur les lieux en permettant aux auteurs d'une carte de réengager les espaces physiques par le biais de la narration, en subvertissant la notion de carte en tant que représentation autoritaire d'un lieu. Nous présentons The MapTool, un logiciel personnalisé que nous avons développé en collaboration avec des auteurs qui racontent des histoires sur les lieux. Cet outil facilite la création de cartes interactives pour les applications web et mobiles. En présentant trois études de cas de projets composés à l'aide de The MapTool, nous examinons comment les cartes profondes permettent de co-construire des histoires de lieux physiques par la superposition de couches.

Museums, which are the embodiment of art, exhibition, culture, and science, have started to offer virtual space experiences as well as traditional physical space experiences in recent years. In addition to the development of technology, the pandemic, which started in 2019 and affected the whole world, has also been effective in accelerating the transformation of museums from physical space to virtual space. The increasing use of virtual museums directly concerns different user groups in terms of accessibility. In a physical museum experience, solutions that appeal to different types of users are generally produced. Thanks to these solutions, an individual with any disability can be included in the space with all senses such as sight, touch, smell, and hearing during a museum visit, while the lack of inclusion of all senses in the virtual space experience causes the experience to be more limited. This study discusses this limitation in terms of accessibility. How can the virtual space experience be more accessible for different types of users? Can different solutions be offered to all user groups for a better understanding of the space and the art product? These questions constitute the research questions of this study. In this context, this study aims to examine how accessible virtual museums are. The study has conducted this inquiry through 59 virtual museums in Turkey. As a method, virtual museums were classified and tabulated in terms of their accessibility levels in line with their characteristics. It was concluded that there are deficiencies in the experience of different types of users and various suggestions were made in terms of virtual accessibility.

BACKGROUND: From a range of perspectives, scholars have demonstrated the value of school‐based health centers (SBHCs) in recent decades, but few studies have examined the logistics of establishing SBHCs. METHODS: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 9 hospital and 6 school employees involved in a network of SBHCs. After common themes were identified, cluster analysis was performed. Finally, quotes were identified within each thematic cluster for further qualitative analysis. RESULTS: The most prominent themes were (1) differences in physical space (between schools and clinical settings), (2) collaboration and communication, and (3) privacy and compliance. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: This study points to several high yield considerations for the practice of SBHCs. First, we identified three distinct needs: (1) clear funding streams for construction costs for health services on school grounds, (2) improved understanding of SBHC space needs, and (3) blueprints for collaborating within SBHCs. Second, this study points to a future in which new‐build and renovated schools should include space for SBHCs. CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative thematic analysis provides a picture of health and educational professionals engaged in creative, collaborative, and adaptive work to meet children's health care needs within SBHCs, but also highlights the challenges of navigating physical space, compliance, and collaboration within SBHCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational research has long emphasized the importance of physical space in structuring opportunities for social interaction among workers. Using 14 months of field research during an office redesign at a large team-based sales company, I find that the adoption of non-territorial space—a change from assigned cubicles to an unassigned mix of spaces—substantially increased worker control over social interaction. Whereas the old territorial space rendered workers constantly accessible to others, the new non-territorial space altered information about workers' location and availability preferences, enabling new strategies for hiding in the space and signaling availability to others through workspace selection. This led to greater reliance on virtual or asynchronous communication technologies, and less unwanted interruption in the new non-territorial space. The findings identify how the non-territorial dimension of office space affects worker control over social interaction. They also reveal the social practices through which individuals actively use material and symbolic resources in the physical environment to avoid cognitive and temporal costs of unwanted interruption. The study complements dominant structural accounts with a richer theorization of individual agency—while physical spaces certainly structure opportunities for social interaction, they also structure the strategies that individuals can use to actively manage social interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the great potential for flexible work policies to increase worker temporal flexibility—the extent to which workers control when and where their work tasks are completed—organizational scholars have found that employees rarely use them for fear of career penalties. This study sheds light on this flexibility paradox by drawing attention to the overlooked yet crucial role of physical space. Using 14 months of field research during an office redesign at a large professional sales organization, I find that a reconfiguration of physical space intended to reduce costs had the unintended consequence of disrupting taken-for-granted greeting practices, noticing practices, and evaluative beliefs. Changes to social practices led employees to feel less concern about trait inferences of dependability and commitment arising from their physical presence and to experience greater temporal flexibility. The findings contribute to a model in which the relationship between flexible work policies and temporal flexibility is moderated by the physical space. By identifying the physical space as a novel determinant of temporal flexibility, the study reveals the structural underpinnings of the flexibility paradox and more generally contributes to our understanding of how physical spaces structure social life in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time geography was conceptualized in the 1960s when the technology was very different from what we have today. Conventional time-geographic concepts therefore were developed with a focus on human activities and interactions in physical space. We now live in a smart, connected, and dynamic world with human activities and interactions increasingly taking place in virtual space enabled by modern information and communications technology. Coupled with recent advances in sensing and mobile technologies, it is now feasible to collect human dynamics data in both physical and virtual spaces with unprecedented spatial and temporal details in the so-called Big Data era. The Big Data era brings both opportunities and challenges to time geography. While the unprecedented data collected in the Big Data era can serve as useful data sources to time-geographic research, we also notice that some classical concepts in time geography are insufficient to properly handle human dynamics in today's hybrid physical–virtual world in many cases. This paper first discusses the evolving human dynamics enabled by technological advances to illustrate different types of hybrid physical–virtual space performed through internet applications, digital twins, and augmented reality/virtual reality/metaverse. We then review the classical time-geographic concepts of constraints, space–time path, space–time prism, bundle, project/situation, and diorama in a hybrid physical–virtual world to discuss potential extensions of some classical time-geographic concepts to bolster human dynamics research in today's hybrid physical–virtual world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research has highlighted a range of factors that impact college students' sense of belonging. It is less clear how the COVID-19 pandemic has shaped college students' experience of belonging. The current study used a reflective photography approach to examine US college students' experience of belonging to their institution during the COVID-19 pandemic. Student responses included themes of Physical Space, Community, Adaptation/Continuity, Identity, and Negative Affect. Physical space emerged as the most common theme. Regardless of whether students were studying on campus or remotely, students described the role of the natural and built environment in finding a sense of connection and belonging. In comparisons based on students' class year, first-year students talked more about the role of structured groups and other cohorts highlighted the role of past shared experiences. The findings have implications for interventions aimed at promoting student belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to discuss the extent to which the spatial transformation due to the renovation of cultural heritage buildings can affect the physical building and the user's territory, as well as its influence on the concept of architecture as the language of development. This study uses a qualitative method. Data was collected by field observations, interviews, and literature review. The sampling was carried out using a non-random or purposive type of sample. The results of the analysis show that there has been a physical and territorial transformation in Gedung Sate, Bandung as an effect of the construction of the Gedung Sate Museum. The control role of stakeholders also greatly influences the extent to which this transformation takes place. Not only interior elements, space layouts, as well as facade elements, and user territories have changed. Furthermore, the existing transformation more or less also affects development in the Gedung Sate area, and for the city of Bandung in general. Where the role of Gedung Sate's architecture is now becoming broader and more abstract. Not only becomes an artifact, but also becomes something more economic and commercial (commodification).

This paper identifies the physical space design that could influence the Penang youths’ state of well-being positively. The objectives of this study to comprehend the relationship between the psychological influence of physical space and the state of well-being of youths in the youth institution to determine the relationship between physical space and its significance in perpetuating end users’ state of well-being of Penang youths and enlighten on the understanding of physical space design that is influential to the state of well-being of Malaysian youths. This analysis will look onto aspects of physical space, including design elements, physical condition, and space sufficiency in youth’s current living space such as choices of colours, presence of daylighting, utilization of indoor landscape, open spaces concept, ventilation, and sense of privacy. The finding of this study generally helps to enlighten the understanding of physical space design that are influential to the state of well-being of youths in Penang.

Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This qualitative case study was conducted to understand the process learning center administrators used in the creation or remodeling of learning center spaces at a 2-year college system in the Midwest. Data were collected through interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed to conduct a within- and cross-case analysis. Four themes emerged from the creation or remodel process used: needs assessment, coalition, implementation, and additional changes. The emergent themes from the extent to which pedagogy, space, and technology were considered in the learning center designs were instructional, space, and technology considerations. Based on the findings, implications for practice and recommendations for further research are shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article portrays, first, the basic human requirements of physical and virtual spaces. Second, the article attempts to examine the relationships among the several basic human requirements of physical space, as well as the relationships between the requirements of physical space and those of virtual space. Third, the article suggests that the basic spatial requirements of individuals be examined in light of human spatial pulses, which include each person's fixed origin, a movement, and a fixed destination, with implications for people, their activities, and places. Discussions begin with the basic human requirements of physical space, fixity and mobility, and the human needs, which they present. This is followed by assessments of the relationships between these requirements, turning next to virtual space, attempting to expose the two human basic requirements of virtual space, access and connectivity, and the relationships between these two basic requirements. This is followed by an assessment of the relationships between the human requirements of physical and virtual spaces, and their implications for human activity. Finally, a joint interpretation of human spatial requirements and their activities, through the notion of human spatial impulses, is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home environments of infants exposed to poverty exhibit fewer affordances for child development. This study aimed to investigate the association between contextual factors and affordances in the home environments of infants facing poverty. Term infants (n = 128) were divided into two groups: (1) exposed group (EG), comprising term infants exposed to poverty, and (2) comparison group (CG), consisting of term infants classified with medium and high socio-economic status. The main dependent variables were physical space, variety of stimulation, gross and fine motor toys, and the total score; measured using the Brazilian version of the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) questionnaire, named Affordances no Ambiente Domiciliar para o Desenvolvimento Motor-Escala Bebê. Statistical analysis employed independent sample t-tests or Mann–Whitney tests, chi-square tests, and stepwise multiple linear regression models to evaluate predictors of less adequate home environments. The EG presented significantly fewer affordances in gross motor toys (Cohen’s r = 0.353; p < 0.01); fine motor toys (Cohen’s r = 0.327; p < 0.01); and total score (Cohen’s r = 0.377; p < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significant association (r2 = 0.828, p < 0.01) between the less than adequate home environment category and maternal age (p = 0.043, OR: 0.829 (0.692–0.994)), revealing that maternal age was associated with better quantity and quality of affordances for child development.

Background: During the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many consumer health libraries were forced to close their doors to patrons. At the Health Information Center in Knoxville, Tennessee, the physical space closed, while health information services continued to be provided via phone and email. To examine the impact of lack of access to a physical library for consumer health information, researchers analyzed the number of health information requests pre-COVID-19 pandemic compared to during the initial phase of the pandemic. Case Presentation: Data from an internal database was collected and analyzed. Researchers divided the data into three time periods: March 2018 to February 2019 (Phase 1), March 2019 to February 2020 (Phase 2), and March 2020 to February 2021 (Phase 3). Data was de-identified and duplicate entries were removed. The type of interaction and request topics were reviewed in each phase. Conclusion: In Phase 1, there were 535 walk-ins to request health information and 555 walk-ins in Phase 2. In Phase 3, there were 40 walk-ins. The number of requests through phone and email varied but remained steady. There was a 61.56% decrease in requests between Phase 1 and Phase 3 while there was a 66.27% decrease between Phase 2 and Phase 3 due to the lack of walk-in requests. The number of phone and email requests did not increase despite the closure of the physical library space to the public. Access to the physical space plays a significant role in providing health information requests to patients and family members.

Background: During the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many consumer health libraries were forced to close their doors to patrons. At the Health Information Center in Knoxville, Tennessee, the physical space closed, while health information services continued to be provided via phone and email. To examine the impact of lack of access to a physical library for consumer health information, researchers analyzed the number of health information requests pre-COVID-19 pandemic compared to during the initial phase of the pandemic. Case Presentation: Data from an internal database was collected and analyzed. Researchers divided the data into three time periods: March 2018 to February 2019 (Phase 1), March 2019 to February 2020 (Phase 2), and March 2020 to February 2021 (Phase 3). Data was de-identified and duplicate entries were removed. The type of interaction and request topics were reviewed in each phase. Conclusion: In Phase 1, there were 535 walk-ins to request health information and 555 walk-ins in Phase 2. In Phase 3, there were 40 walk-ins. The number of requests through phone and email varied but remained steady. There was a 61.56% decrease in requests between Phase 1 and Phase 3 while there was a 66.27% decrease between Phase 2 and Phase 3 due to the lack of walk-in requests. The number of phone and email requests did not increase despite the closure of the physical library space to the public. Access to the physical space plays a significant role in providing health information requests to patients and family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the physical space design that could influence the Penang youths’ state of well-being positively. The objectives of this study to comprehend the relationship between the psychological influence of physical space and the state of well-being of youths in the youth institution to determine the relationship between physical space and its significance in perpetuating end users’ state of well-being of Penang youths and enlighten on the understanding of physical space design that is influential to the state of well-being of Malaysian youths. This analysis will look onto aspects of physical space, including design elements, physical condition, and space sufficiency in youth’s current living space such as choices of colours, presence of daylighting, utilization of indoor landscape, open spaces concept, ventilation, and sense of privacy. The finding of this study generally helps to enlighten the understanding of physical space design that are influential to the state of well-being of youths in Penang.

My forthcoming book Bourdieu in the City: Challenging Urban Theory (Cambridge, Polity Press, 2023) is not intended as an eclectic combination of the structuralist and the phenomenological takes on the city rehearsing Pierre Bourdieu's influential critique of the deadly antinomy of objectivism and subjectivism. Nor does it aim just to make room for the author of Distinction in the pantheon of theorists before which students of the city are expected to genuflect. I intend the book, not as an addition, but a challenge to the urban canon and a springboard for a possible reconstruction of urban theory and inquiry around what I christen the Bourdieusian trialectic of symbolic space, social space, andphysical space. In this paper, I provide a compact characterization of the trialectic and then draw out its implications for the theory and comparative study of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociedade e Estado is the property of Sociedade e Estado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background & Objective: The system of architectural design, space, and installation of facilities and equipment in the medical laboratory is based on a multifaceted structure, which by considering them can increase productivity and profitability to all groups involved in this category. The present study sought to understand and design this structure. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was carried out by studying the literature. Results: According to the results of this study, an adequate architectural design for a medical laboratory includes the following points: observing the separation of physical space, proximity of spaces in the laboratory, the principle of flexibility in designing physical space and the ability to develop and expand physical space, space design and requirements for mobility needs of disabled people, designing a desk for the disabled and the elderly, observing the minimum standard of general space, observing the minimum standard of spaces and the number of employees considering their safety. Conclusion: The design of medical laboratories, taking into account the issues mentioned in this article, will lead to the construction of a place that will not only meet the needs of clients but also provide comfort and safety for staff. Such a laboratory will be more profitable by increasing productivity, which will ultimately lead to a comprehensive profit. But errors in the design and execution of any of these can cause minor and major damages.

Plant growth is constrained not only by the availability of soil nutrients, but also by the physical underground space where it grows. However, few studies have considered the effect of dimensional variations of soil space on the growth of a large set of plants and whether the effect differs among plant functional groups. We grew each of 19 common grassland plant species from three functional groups (grasses, legumes, and forbs) in three types of soil space [a cylindrical space of 15 cm in diameter and 15 in height (D15H15), a cylindrical space of 30 cm in diameter and 15 cm in height (D30H15), and a cylindrical space of 15 cm in diameter and 60 cm in height (D15H60)] with the same amount of essential nutrients. Irrespective of plant functional groups, plant species performed better in the soil with deeper vertical space (D15H60) than in the soil with shallower vertical space (D15H15 and D30H15) in terms of root biomass. Shoot mass and/or total mass in the different types of soil space varied with species. Within each functional group, species with larger body sizes tended to accumulate more shoot mass in soils with deeper vertical space (D15H60), while those with smaller body sizes did not respond differently. These results suggest that the dimensional variations of soil space, especially variations in the vertical dimensions, can be a key factor influencing the performance of plant species.

This study examines Eco-Schools Project, a specific work of green schools that includes standards about building, renovating, and maintaining schools as physical spaces. The study aims to find out what the principals of eco-schools are thinking about sustainability and schools' physical conditions, and how the schools are being shaped with the project. It is considered that the study will contribute to the limited literature on principals' perceptions about physical space conditions and how they can build a sustainable school in Turkey. The study was conducted with 14 eco-schools' principals in Istanbul. The data were collected by the interviews about sustainability and physical space, and two observations about sustainability and physical space. The method of the study is phenomenology, and the data evaluation techniques are content and document analysis. In conclusion, while sustainability is seen as a factor that maintains the ecosystem by protecting natural sources, school facilities are insufficient for maintaining sustainability due to a lack of physical and financial possibilities and participation. Additionally, inadequacies about Eco-Schools Project make sustainability processes more difficult. It is suggested that education stakeholders' should be encouraged giving responsibilities and collaboration to enhance their sustainability perceptions and physical space conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights how 20 Swedish principals, school managers and architects involved in planning, construction and reconstruction of primary and secondary school buildings at regional, municipal and local levels represent good learning environments. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, the analysis focuses on how the stakeholders understand the physical, pedagogical and social aspects of learning environments, including the power relations and principles of control that are embedded in their understandings. The findings indicate two orientations when the interviewees discuss good learning environment, an orientation towards clearer boundaries and control in physical, pedagogical and social spaces (strong classification and framing), and an orientation towards weaker boundaries and control (weak classification and framing). The first orientation is directed towards what, in previous research and policy discourses, is described as traditional school design, whereas the second rejects some basic principles of traditional school design and aligns with what is commonly described as innovative school design.

The rapid popularization of mobile devices makes it more convenient and cost-efficient to collect synchronized WiFi received signal strength (RSS) and inertial measurement unit sequences by crowdsensing. The transition model has proven to be a promising unsupervised localization approach that captures the transition relationship between the change of RSS signal space and the change of physical space, alleviating the need of extra knowledge for creating radio map. However, it faces two essential challenges in real-world deployments. First, model coverage affects its locating performance, because a specific transition model only represents its local space. Second, the instability of RSS leads to a conflicting relationship between changes of two spaces because of the complex environment and the heterogeneous type of devices. To address these challenges, we propose Lightgbm-CTMM, a novel unsupervised localization framework. First, a clustering method is adopted to capture the expected relationship to ensure robust coverage. Second, direction filter is employed to guarantee that the change in signal space corresponds to the change in physical space. The feasibility and effectiveness of Lightgbm-CTMM are evaluated by extensive experiments, and the locating performance of Lightgbm-CTMM is better than that of conventional approaches. Moreover, Lightgbm-CTMM reduces the work on quality assessment of trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important features of the space is to create the necessary opportunities for social interactions. When people interact with other people in the community, a stronger connection to their place and community is felt. This interaction not only affects their social spirits, but also contributes to the economic growth and development of the communities present in those spaces. Today, according to economic and social conditions, various spaces have been formed in the direction of human habitation, of which labor-industrial settlements are one of these places. Given the novelty and specific characteristics of this style of architecture, how social interactions are formed within such circumstances is an issue. Such towns exist in rural areas around Tehran. This research intends to study the status of social interaction in industrial estates around Tehran through descriptive-analytical method and relying on quantitative and qualitative approaches and to examine how to improve the interactional space in them. For this reason, two industrial towns "Abbasabad" and "Pishva" were selected from among the industrial towns of Tehran province, and since the need to study the indicators and components related to architecture and social and cultural interactions in industrial towns; experts and specialists in the field of architecture, along with a number of managers and experts in the two towns, were the case study sample and the expert questionnaire based on the hourly model was developed and presented to specialists. Findings indicate that increasing the quality of public spaces in settlements, appropriate design, especially the routes of staff and employees, the existence of gathering activities, focal spaces for gathering such as playgrounds or dining rooms, the possibility of presence people multiply being together in space and moments and creating common experiences in industrial estates, and promotes social and cultural interactions in industrial estates. Research aims: 1. To study and explain the promotion of social interactions through the design and improvement of public spaces in the architecture of industrial estates. 2. Providing a framework for indorsing social interactions in the architecture of industrial towns in rural areas of Tehran. Research questions: 1. What are the strategies to encourage social interactions in industrial estates? 2. What measures can be taken to promote social interaction in the industrial towns of rural areas of Tehran?

In this paper the author analyses the forms of space in Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, looking in particular at the way they relate to one another and at the spatial aspects of the literary field in his book The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field. The first of these forms is what Bourdieu calls the "social space" and "social field", each of these referring to a structure of positions that exists objectively yet does not exist (primarily) in physical space or real (physical) interactions between social agents. In order to make this structure intelligible, Bourdieu creates various spatial schemata that range from simple diagrams to sophisticated visualisations based on multiple correspondence analysis. The relationship between this structure and physical/geographical space is a complicated matter, since relations in the social space or social fields will not necessarily coincide with actual spatial distances or proximities. Nevertheless, Bourdieu demonstrates – especially in the last period of his career – that it is necessary to study the relations among agents and the objectified forms of capital as they play out within physical/geographical space. The last part of the paper deals with the complicated relations of the three spatial aspects of Bourdieu's field theory as they are applied to the literary field. In this respect, the most interesting part of The Rules of Art is the "Prologue". In the rest of the book, spaces that are characteristically physical, such as salons and cafés, give way to non-spatial aspects of the literary field, above all literary texts, which Bourdieu conceives of as a privileged form of "position-taking" on the part of social agents.

Perspective space has been introduced as a computational model of visual space. The model is based on geometric features of visual space. The model has proven to describe a range of phenomena related to the visual perception of distance and size. Until now, the model lacks a mathematical description that holds for complete 3D space. Starting from a previously derived equation for perceived distance in the viewing direction, the suitability of various functions is analyzed. Functions must fulfill the requirement that straight lines, oriented in whatever direction in physical space, transfer to straight lines in visual space. A second requirement is that parallel lines oriented in depth in physical space, converge to a finite vanishing point in visual space. A rational function for perceived distance, compatible with the perspective-space model of visual space, satisfies the requirements. The function is unique. Analysis of alternative functions shows there is little tolerance for deviations. Conservation of the straightness of lines constrains visual space to having a single geometry. Visual space is described by an analytical function having one free parameter, that is, the distance of the vanishing point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]