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Copyright of Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty is the property of Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an 8-week physical activity program (PAP) on health-related fitness (HRF) components of seventh graders in Bhutan. Its emphasis areas included assessing the program’s effects on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Materials and methods. Sixty-two students were allocated into two groups using simple random sampling: a control group (n = 31) following the standard physical education curriculum and an experimental group (n = 31) participating in the PAP utilizing the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, and type) principle. Fitness Gram assessments were used to measure HRF before implementing the intervention. Independent t-tests were used to compare results between groups, whereas paired t-tests were used to compare pre-test and post-test scores within groups. Results. All HRF components demonstrated notable improvements in the experimental group. Cardiorespiratory endurance increased from a mean of 23.23 to 30.57 (p < 0 .05), muscular strength — from 7.47 to 12.37 (p < 0.05), muscular endurance — from a mean of 10.10 to 16.40 (p < 0.05), and flexibility — from 27.98 to 29.85 (p < 0.05). It was additionally observed an improvement in body composition, with a notable decline in BMI. Conversely, the control group showed a less significant decrease in flexibility and BMI, while demonstrating marked enhancements in cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and muscular endurance. Conclusions. The study indicates that the organized PAP was more effective than the standard physical education curriculum in improving HRF components. These findings suggest that the implementation of structured PA programs using the FITT principles can lead to enhanced physical fitness and health-related outcomes among children and young people.

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an 8-week physical activity program (PAP) on health-related fitness (HRF) components of seventh graders in Bhutan. Its emphasis areas included assessing the program's effects on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Materials and methods. Sixty-two students were allocated into two groups using simple random sampling: a control group (n = 31) following the standard physical education curriculum and an experimental group (n = 31) participating in the PAP utilizing the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, and type) principle. Fitness Gram assessments were used to measure HRF before implementing the intervention. Independent t-tests were used to compare results between groups, whereas paired t-tests were used to compare pre-test and post-test scores within groups. Results. All HRF components demonstrated notable improvements in the experimental group. Cardiorespiratory endurance increased from a mean of 23.23 to 30.57 (p < 0.05), muscular strength - from 7.47 to 12.37 (p < 0.05), muscular endurance - from a mean of 10.10 to 16.40 (p < 0.05), and flexibility - from 27.98 to 29.85 (p < 0.05). It was additionally observed an improvement in body composition, with a notable decline in BMI. Conversely, the control group showed a less significant decrease in flexibility and BMI, while demonstrating marked enhancements in cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and muscular endurance. Conclusions. The study indicates that the organized PAP was more effective than the standard physical education curriculum in improving HRF components. These findings suggest that the implementation of structured PA programs using the FITT principles can lead to enhanced physical fitness and health-related outcomes among children and young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the one-year impact of a 12-week school-based physical activity (PA) intervention, which added one extra hour of structured PA per week, on children's movement behaviors, aerobic fitness, and motor competence (MC).MethodsA longitudinal comparison between an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG) was conducted at baseline (PRE), mid-intervention (DUR), post-intervention (POST), and one-year follow-up (FUP). The study was conducted in a single school without randomization. Movement behaviors (accelerometry), aerobic fitness (YYIR1C), and MC (MCA battery) were assessed. Due to school changes and parental noncompliance, the sample decreased from 38 to 23 participants (EG; n = 13; CG; n = 10), a 39% dropout rate.ResultsOne year post-intervention, the EG spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; + 41 min/day), less time in SED (−234 min/day), slept longer (+103 min/night), covered greater distances in the YYIR1C (+174 m), and achieved higher MC scores (+19% on the MCA battery test) compared to the CG. Although no significant differences in body weight were observed, the EG showed improved body mass index (BMI; −5 kg/m2) and a lower body fat percentage (−10%) when compared to the CG.ConclusionThe findings indicate that the benefits of a 3-month school-based PA intervention, which included an additional hour of physical education per week, can have sustained benefits for movement behaviors, physical fitness, and MC in children one year post-intervention. However, the small sample size and lack of randomization limit the generalizability of the results. Future research should employ larger, randomized trials to better assess the long-term impact of PA interventions on children’s health and fitness outcomes.

Abstract Background Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetical disease with malfunction of the motile cilia leading to impaired muco-ciliary clearance in the respiratory tract. There is no cure for PCD, only supportive therapy aimed at minimizing the progression of the disease and improving the patient’s quality of life (QoL). Physical activity (PA) is one of these recommended supportive therapies for people with PCD (pwPCD). However, there is no scientific evidence to support this recommendation. In addition, regular medical advice to increase PA remains largely ineffective in pwPCD. Methods To test the main hypothesis, that an individualized and supported PA program leads to a better QoL 6 months after randomization (QoL-PCD questionnaire) compared to usual recommendation in pwPCD, 158 pwPCD aged 7 to 55 years are to be included in this multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT). After the screening visit, a 1:1 randomization stratified by age group and FEV1 will be performed. A QoL-PCD questionnaire, motor test, and lung function will be carried out at regular intervals in both groups. PA is recorded in both groups using activity trackers during the study period. The main aim of the trial is to estimate the difference in the change of QoL between the groups after 6 months. Therefore, our full analysis set consists of all randomized patients and analysis is performed using the intention-to-treat principle. Statistical software R ( http://www.r-project.org ) is used. Ethical approvement without any reservations: RUB Bochum Ethics Committee (No. 23–7938; December 4, 2023). Recruitment start: March 2024. Discussion Limitations result from the rarity of PCD with its broad disease spectrum and the large age range. These are reduced by stratified randomization and the measurement of the individual change in QoL as primary endpoint. In our view, only a PA program tailored to individual needs with close contact to trainers offers the chance to meet personal needs of pwPCD and to establish PA as a pillar of therapy in the long term. The study protocol explains all procedures and methods of recruitment, implementation of the study visits and intervention, measures for patient and data safety, and for minimizing risks and bias. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) 00033030. Registered on December 7, 2023. Update 10 July 2024. Study protocol version 10 Version 1.2; 12 June 2024

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetical disease with malfunction of the motile cilia leading to impaired muco-ciliary clearance in the respiratory tract. There is no cure for PCD, only supportive therapy aimed at minimizing the progression of the disease and improving the patient's quality of life (QoL). Physical activity (PA) is one of these recommended supportive therapies for people with PCD (pwPCD). However, there is no scientific evidence to support this recommendation. In addition, regular medical advice to increase PA remains largely ineffective in pwPCD. Methods: To test the main hypothesis, that an individualized and supported PA program leads to a better QoL 6 months after randomization (QoL-PCD questionnaire) compared to usual recommendation in pwPCD, 158 pwPCD aged 7 to 55 years are to be included in this multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT). After the screening visit, a 1:1 randomization stratified by age group and FEV1 will be performed. A QoL-PCD questionnaire, motor test, and lung function will be carried out at regular intervals in both groups. PA is recorded in both groups using activity trackers during the study period. The main aim of the trial is to estimate the difference in the change of QoL between the groups after 6 months. Therefore, our full analysis set consists of all randomized patients and analysis is performed using the intention-to-treat principle. Statistical software R (http://www.r-project.org) is used. Ethical approvement without any reservations: RUB Bochum Ethics Committee (No. 23–7938; December 4, 2023). Recruitment start: March 2024. Discussion: Limitations result from the rarity of PCD with its broad disease spectrum and the large age range. These are reduced by stratified randomization and the measurement of the individual change in QoL as primary endpoint. In our view, only a PA program tailored to individual needs with close contact to trainers offers the chance to meet personal needs of pwPCD and to establish PA as a pillar of therapy in the long term. The study protocol explains all procedures and methods of recruitment, implementation of the study visits and intervention, measures for patient and data safety, and for minimizing risks and bias. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) 00033030. Registered on December 7, 2023. Update 10 July 2024. Study protocol version 10: Version 1.2; 12 June 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe “Super Quinas” project evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention program to improve physical activity, aerobic fitness, sleep, and motor competence on children in primary school.MethodsThe experimental group (n = 19) enrolled in a 12-week intervention program (one more extra-curricular activity class of 60 min per week) compared to the CG (n = 19), all aged 9–10 years. Physical activity (PA) and sleep were measured by accelerometry, and aerobic fitness was measured by Children’s Yo-Yo test (YYIR1C) during the 1st week (PRE), the 6th week (DUR), and the 12th week (POST) of the intervention program. Motor Competence in PRE and POST intervention was also assessed by the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) instrument. Heart rate (HR, assessed using HR monitors), and enjoyment level were recorded during all intervention program classes. A linear mixed model analysis (i.e., within-subject analyses) was performed.ResultsComparing the EG and CG in DUR and POST, the EG spent ~18 min and ~ 34 min more time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day (p

Background and objectivesThe present study aims to investigate the effect of the 4-F (Fit, Fun, Feel, and Food) group-based program on physical, clinical, and biological outcomes in young patients suffering from severe psychiatric disorders.MethodsA pilot study with a naturalistic design was conducted to investigate the effect of a group-based intervention on young patients.ResultsA descriptive analysis revealed that out of the 61 outpatients initially enrolled in the program, with a mean age of 26.9 years old (±6.1, 60% men), 71% were overweight or obese. Paired T-tests for the difference between T0 and T1 were used to evaluate the evolution of the outcomes. The 24 patients who completed the full program showed no significant decrease in weight or body composition. Despite the limitations, the main findings of this study were the significant improvement in muscular endurance and coordination (from T0 (M = 13.65, SD = ±1.93) compared to T1 (M = 12.49, SD = ±1.81), [t(20) = 3.072, p

Against the backdrop of aging populations worldwide, physical activity programs aimed at promoting the health of older adults have begun to flourish. However, few studies have focused on elderly residents in rural areas who may have multiple comorbidities. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week physical activity program on health promotion among rural elderly with multiple diseases. The study included 18 elderly participants, with a mean age of 82.39 years, who had dementia and one or more additional diseases. Among the participants, 89% were female. The results showed that the 12-week physical activity program intervention significantly improved participants' walking speed and range of motion of the arm joints. Based on these findings, it is hoped that this study will provide a reference for future researchers and practitioners targeting rural or elderly populations who may have multiple diseases to develop more comprehensive physical activity programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed at evaluating the effect of the "Walk," an 8-month physical activity (PA) program led by classroom and physical education teachers, on the motor competence (MC) and PA of 5- to 6-year-old children. Methods: A total of 143 children (mean age = 61.51 [1.85] mo) participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Children's MC was assessed by the Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (KTK), and PA was objectively measured by Omron HJ-720IT-E2 pedometers. Measurements were performed at baseline, midintervention, and postintervention. A 1-sample t test computed at baseline step counts revealed that children presented significantly lower PA than recommended for their age (P <.001). To examine the effect of the intervention on children's MC and PA, several repeated-measures analyses of variance were utilized on (1) KTK item scores and (2) pedometer data. Results: The results revealed that the Walk project led to practically significant changes in the experimental group compared with the control group in both MC (P <.001, η2 >.14 for all KTK items) and PA (P <.001, η2 =.23). Conclusions: This study highlights the efficacy of a PA project, involving both classroom and physical education teachers, for the enhancement of children's MC and PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review and analyse intervention programs in a school context centred on the family, focused on increasing youths' physical activity. Data source: The research was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Study inclusion criteria: Studies were included if participants were children or adolescents, focusing on school-based intervention studies with parental involvement and physical activity, sedentary behaviour or physical fitness outcomes. Data extraction: The search was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A total of 416 articles were identified. After being considered for eligibility and duplicates, 22 studies were identified as relevant for inclusion. Data synthesis: Sample and intervention characteristics, objective, the role of the family, outcomes measures, main findings regarding the outcomes and risk of bias. Results: Ten studies reported improvements in physical activity, 6 in sedentary behaviour and 9 in the components of physical fitness and/or skills related to healthy behaviours and lifestyles. Most of the interventions adopted a multidisciplinary and multi-component approach. Conclusions: Most interventions employed a school's multidisciplinary/multi-component approach to promoting physical activity, nutrition, and general education for healthier lifestyle behaviours. The impact of school-based interventions involving families on youth's physical activity levels is still a relatively emerging theme. Further research is needed given the diversity of the intervention's characteristics and the disparity in the results' efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Most adults do not follow the minimum requirements for physical activity despite the benefits such activity can provide toward improving quality of life. On average, an adult spends 60% of daily hours in the workplace, making it essential to create working environments that are favorable to avoiding harmful effects on the health of workers. Toward this end, the application of physical activity programs in a work context is one of the possible interventions. This study aims to carry out a systematic review of the literature to identify the impact of physical activity programs applied in the workplace, on employee wellness and organizational productivity. Design/methodology/approach: The search for reports was carried out in two databases, namely, Thomson Reuters Web of Science and Scopus, according to several inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) was applied to ensure the quality of the study. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to organize the database to support the data analysis. Findings: The sample comprised 64 reports published in international journals between 1986 and 2019. From these studies, six thematic clusters were formed: Workplace Physical Activity Interventions, Workplace Wellness, Physical Activity and Organizational Performance, Barriers to Developing Physical Activity Programs in the Workplace, Physical Activity and Sedentary Occupations and Workplace Physical Activity Incentives. The analysis of these clusters confirmed that the implementation of physical activity programs in this context could represent beneficial effects for workers and the organizational system by contributing to a reduction in the rates of absenteeism and presenteeism. However, there are still many organizations that do not implement such programs. Originality/value: The results of this study are essential for managers of organizations to be able to implement physical activity programs in a work context, similarly to the application of a strategy of corporate social responsibility in an intra-organizational environment. This research may also be useful for professionals in the areas of sports and physical exercise, who want to build their business around physical exercise programs applied to a work context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior and mental ill health, due to high levels of perceived stress or self-reported depressive symptoms, are highly prevalent among university students. There are concerns that these behaviors and mental symptoms have significantly increased during the current Covid-19 pandemic, partly because academic life has changed considerably from face-to-face communication to e-learning and studying at home. Self-regulation and physical activity are hard to maintain during pandemic lockdowns. Short activity breaks could be helpful to avoid physical inactivity and sustain mental health. The breaks should comprise short and easy-implementable physical activity exercises that can be integrated into the learning context. Moreover, cognitive interventions, such as writing about positive events and feelings might help as coping strategy for self-regulation during study breaks. This study investigated and compared the effects of a physical activity intervention and a cognitive intervention (positive expressive writing) on mental health among university students. Both interventions are particularly suitable for use at home. N = 20 university students, studying in Germany, were assigned to a physical activity group or a cognitive intervention group. The physical activity intervention consisted of a mix of physical exercises including endurance exercises, muscular strength, relaxation, and ballroom dance movements. The interventions were carried out guided, once a week, for 5–10 mins at the beginning of classes. The effects of group × time showed no significant interaction on self-reported perceived stress, mood, quality of life (QoL) assessed online and compared at the beginning of the term before the intervention (T0) and at the end of the term after the intervention (T3). However, the physical activity group reported a similar physical activity level per day over time, while the cognitive intervention group showed a decrease in physical activity from T0 to T3. Low-dose, short physical activity interventions as well as cognitive interventions consisting of positive expressive writing could buffer university students' perceived stress, mood, and QoL across the term. Moreover, both interventions seem to be promising in buffering the negative side effects of stress during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior and mental ill health, due to high levels of perceived stress or self-reported depressive symptoms, are highly prevalent among university students. There are concerns that these behaviors and mental symptoms have significantly increased during the current Covid-19 pandemic, partly because academic life has changed considerably from face-to-face communication to e-learning and studying at home. Self-regulation and physical activity are hard to maintain during pandemic lockdowns. Short activity breaks could be helpful to avoid physical inactivity and sustain mental health. The breaks should comprise short and easy-implementable physical activity exercises that can be integrated into the learning context. Moreover, cognitive interventions, such as writing about positive events and feelings might help as coping strategy for self-regulation during study breaks. This study investigated and compared the effects of a physical activity intervention and a cognitive intervention (positive expressive writing) on mental health among university students. Both interventions are particularly suitable for use at home. N = 20 university students, studying in Germany, were assigned to a physical activity group or a cognitive intervention group. The physical activity intervention consisted of a mix of physical exercises including endurance exercises, muscular strength, relaxation, and ballroom dance movements. The interventions were carried out guided, once a week, for 5–10 mins at the beginning of classes. The effects of group × time showed no significant interaction on self-reported perceived stress, mood, quality of life (QoL) assessed online and compared at the beginning of the term before the intervention (T0) and at the end of the term after the intervention (T3). However, the physical activity group reported a similar physical activity level per day over time, while the cognitive intervention group showed a decrease in physical activity from T0 to T3. Low-dose, short physical activity interventions as well as cognitive interventions consisting of positive expressive writing could buffer university students' perceived stress, mood, and QoL across the term. Moreover, both interventions seem to be promising in buffering the negative side effects of stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have compared the effects of different 12-week exercise programs on simple and choice reaction and movement times in persons 61 to 84 years old. One hundred thirty-eight volunteers were randomized to either a control group, a two-day exercise group (two 60-min sessions a week of aerobic exercises), or a two-day physical plus cognitive exercise group (two 60-min sessions a week of aerobic and cognitive exercises). At follow-up, the aerobic and cognitive exercise program was found to have resulted in significant positive effects. Improvements were found in the two-day physical plus cognitive exercise group in all of the reaction parameters, particularly improvement in choice reaction time, which is used in most daily activities. Our results suggest that to improve reaction time values, it is advisable to include cognitive features into a physical exercise routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background It is difficult to obtain detailed information on non-participants in physical and health examination checkups in community-based epidemiological studies. We investigated the characteristics of non-participants in a physical and health examination checkup for older adults in a nested study from the Japanese Kyoto-Kameoka Longitudinal Study. Methods We approached a total of 4831 people aged ≥65 years in 10 randomly selected intervention regions. Participants responded to a mail-based population survey on needs in the sphere of daily life to encourage participation in a free face-to-face physical checkup examination; 1463 participants (706 men, 757 women) participated in the physical checkup. A multiple logistic regression model was performed to investigate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of non-participation based on sociodemographic status apart from psychological and physiological frailty as assessed by the validated Kihon Checklist. Results There was a significant, inverse relationship between non-participation and frequently spending time alone among individuals who lived with someone or other family structure (aOR = 0.53, standard error [SE] 0.08 in men, aOR = 0.66, SE 0.09 in women). Very elderly (over 80 years old) women, poorer health consciousness and current smoking in both sexes and poor self-rated health in men, were significantly related to higher non-participation rates. In both sexes, individuals who did not participate in community activities were significantly more likely to be non-participants than individuals who did (aOR = 1.94, SE 0.23 in men, aOR = 3.29, SE 0.39 in women). Having low IADL and physical functioning scores were also associated with higher rates of non-participation. Conclusion Health consciousness and lack of community activity participation were predictors of non-participation in a physical checkup examination among older adults. In addition, lower IADL and physical functioning/strength were also predictors of non-participation. On the contrary, older inhabitants living with someone tended to participate in the physical checkup examination for social interchange when they were frequently alone in the household. This study suggests the importance of considering aging especially for women and poor sociodemographic background and physical frailty for both sexes so that older people can access health programs without difficulty. Trial registration UMIN000008105. Registered 26 April 2012. Retrospectively registered.

Background: As numbers of children and time spent in childcare centres increase, so does the potential influence of these centres on early childhood physical activity (PA). However, previous reports indicate little success of interventions aimed at improving PA. The Active Early Learning (AEL) program is a multi-component pragmatic intervention designed to imbed PA into the daily curriculum. Delivered by childcare centre staff, it is directed and supported by a peer coach who works across a network of centres. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of the AEL program on children's PA. Methods: Fifteen childcare centres (8 intervention, 7 control centres; 314 children, 180 boys, 4.3y ± 0.4) participated in a 22-week stratified cluster randomised controlled trial. To be eligible to participate, centres needed to have ≥15 preschool children aged 3 to 5-years. The primary outcome was PA measured by accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X) during childcare centre hours over a 3-day period, calculated in min/h of Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The effect of the intervention was evaluated using linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, accelerometer wear time and centre clustering. Results: There was an intervention effect for Total PA (+ 4.06 min/h, 95% CI [2.66 to 5.47], p <.001) and MVPA (+ 2.33 min/h, 95% CI [1.31 to 3.34] p <.001). On average, a child taking part in the intervention attending a childcare centre from 8 am to 3 pm performed 28 min more Total PA and 16 min more MVPA per day than children receiving usual practice care. Conclusion: In contrast with the findings of previous pragmatic trials in early childcare centres, this study shows that a peer-coach facilitated program, focussed on integrating PA into the daily childcare routine, can elicit increases in preschool children's PA of practical as well as statistical significance. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry: ACTRN12619000638134. Registered 30/04/2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anna Streber, Karim Abu-Omar, Christian Hentschke, Alfred Rütten Department of Sport Science and Sport, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences, and Theology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Abstract: Prevention of dementia is a public health priority. Physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of dementia, but the majority of people remain sedentary. We conducted a multicenter controlled study with older adults (60+ years). We hypothesized that an evidence-based PA intervention – GEhen, Spielen und Tanzen Als Lebenslange Tätigkeiten – kompakt [walking, playing and dancing as lifelong activities-compact] (GESTALT-kompakt) – would lead to significantly larger improvements in PA levels (step counts/Fitbit Zip™), cognitive functions (DemTect) and social activities (Social Activity Log), compared to an active control group. Data were collected at baseline and after 3 and 12 months. The intervention group received a 12-week (1/week) multimodal and multicomponent PA program, which combined PA with cognitive and social activities. The control group received either regular gymnastics or cognitive training (1/week). A mixed linear model was chosen for analysis. A total of 87 older individuals were recruited in the GESTALT-kompakt study (68 females, average age =76.0 years, SD ±9.2, range 52–95 years). Marginally significant differences were observed in the intervention group (n=57) in comparison to the control group (n=30), regarding improvements in PA (difference of mean changes =866.4 steps, p=0.055) after 3 months. However, their PA decreased to the baseline score value after 12 months (-866.0 steps, p=0.061). GESTALT-kompakt did not cause significant differences in cognitive functioning (-0.8620, p=0.074) and social activities (-0.2428, p=0.288) in comparison to the control intervention from T0 to T1. Sixteen (24.2%) study participants who finished T2 reported a negative life event during the follow-up period, which severely influenced their PA behavior. GESTALT-kompakt might be effective in increasing PA in the short term, but did not have a long-term impact on the PA levels, cognitive functions or social activities of the participants. We recommend PA programs with longer duration to change behavior in the long term. Keywords: aging, intervention, physical activity program, cognitive function, social activity, dementia

Internal motivation to change is one of the important factors of treatment. We come up from the concept of selfdetermination theory (Deci and Ryan, 2000), which describes the motivation for a change in perception and behavior assumes intrinsic behavior activity. This research combines positive experience in application of motivational interview (MI) during exercise activity (PA). Objectives: The objectives of this research target three areas. First of all the research tries to find out whether MI during SPAP has an influence on expressed physical fitness represented by endurance, muscle strength and physical dexterity. Second, the research focuses on whether or not, or to what extent MI during SPAP can affect the psychomotor tempo of performance of a visual-motor activity. And third, whether or not, or to what extent MI during SPAP can reduce anxiety and depression. Materials and methods: The examined group included 141 hospitalized patients. These patients were diagnosed with various mental disorders such as schizophrenia, mood disorders and anxiety and behavioral disorders caused by psychoactive substance usage. The experimental group and the control group received physical activity interventions 2 times a week for a period of 6 weeks. In comparison with a control group, the experimental group received a motivational interviewing during physical activity. The research used 3 ten-point scales to measure the level of the expressed physical fitness, namely endurance, muscle strength an dexterity in exercise and the Path Test measuring the psychomotor tempo. Levels of anxiety and depression were obtained from the HADS questionnaire, which has two subscales. The HADS-A subdatal detects the level of anxiety, and the HADS-D subdatal detects the level of depression. The research results were evaluated against a ten-point scale measuring the level of expressed physical fitness (endurance, muscle strength and physical dexterity), and by the Trail Making Test measuring the psychomotor tempo. Values showing the level of anxiety and depression were obtained with the help of the HADS questionnaire with its two sub-scales: sub-scale HADS-A for anxiety and sub-scale HADS-D for depression. Outcomes: The collected data confirmed a significant effect of MI conduct in the course of a SPAP on the expressed overall physical fitness as well as on its individual measured components, p = 0.000, and the psychomotor tempo, p = 0.000. The data did not confirm any significant effect of MI conducted in the course of a SPAP on the expressed level of anxiety for the whole group of hospitalised patients, p = 0.603, and showed no significant effect of MI in the course of a SPAP on the expressed level of depression either, p = 0.450. The patients undergoing the SPAP in the context of their hospital therapy only showed a statistically significant improvement of their psychomotor tempo, p = 0.000. Conclusion: The resulting can be stated that MI during SPAP may be used as a supplementary method of influencing depression and anxiety in patients in general. In the case of depressive patients suffering from anxiety and behavior disorders caused by psychoactive substance usage and in the case of anxiety in patients suffering from pathological anxiety, MI during SPAP may even be used as a significant therapeutic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim. This study aims to examine the effect of physical activity program on the trait anxiety and life satisfaction levels of adults. Method. This study was designed in quasi-experimental way with pretest-posttest control group. The sample of study consists of 160 sedentary adults (control group: 80, experimental group: 80) aged between 18 and 36 years in Konya Province with convenience sampling method from purposeful sampling methods. The participants in the experimental group were applied a physical activity program including warm-up movements, fitness, pilates, step, fit dance, street dance and stretching-cooling exercises for 3 days and 2 hours per week for 12 weeks. Data were obtained by using "Trait Anxiety Inventory" developed by Spielberger and adapted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compre (1983), and "Life Satisfaction Scale" developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsem and Griffon (1985) and adapted to Turkish by Köker (1991) before and after the 12 week physical activity program. SPSS 22 Package Program was used for the analysis of the obtained data. Since the data showed normal distribution, Independent Sample t-test was used to determine the intergroup difference and Paired Sample t test was used to determine intragroup differences. The effect size was calculated by Cohen "d". Results. According to the findings of the research, it was determined that compared to the pre-activity situation, there is a significant decrease in the levels of trait anxiety of the adults in the experimental group participating in the physical activity program (t99: 3.99, p = 0.0002 <0.05). The effect size between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of scores they received from the trait anxiety inventory (significant effect at a small level) was found to be 0.26. However, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the trait anxiety level pre-test and posttest scores of adults in the control group who didn't participate in the physical activity program. Another finding of the research is that there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest mean score of the scores that the participants in the experimental group received from the Life Satisfaction Scale (T79: 3.189, p = 0.002 <0.05). It was figured out that there is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of the scores that the control group received from the Life Satisfaction Scale (t79: .966, p = 0.336> 0.05). When considered the effect sizes; while the effect size between pre-test and post-test mean scores of the scores that participants in the experimental group received from Life Satisfaction Scale was 0.41, the effect size between pretest and post-test mean scores of the scores that control group received from Life Satisfaction Scale was found to be 0.06 (meaningless effect). Conclusion. As a result, it can be said that the physical activity program applied to adults reduces their trait anxiety levels and affects their life satisfaction levels positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study aimed to determine the motivation of overweight/obese persons to participate in and withdraw from a health promotion program, and to determine the program's effectiveness. Material/Methods 91 women and 89 men enrolled in the program. Their motivation was described with modified EMI-2. The reasons for withdrawal were given by the participants. Body composition was determined with Tanita BC 418 MA. Results Improved appearance, weight loss and health were the main reasons why overweight/ obese persons decided to become physically active. Approximately 56% women and 60% men quit the program because they were unable to cope with the fitness regime, lost interest or could not find the time. The participants who completed the program (> 600 MET) significantly (p < 0.01) reduced their BM (1.84 kg and 2.37 kg), BMI (0.70 kg/m2 and 0.74 kg/m2), fat percentage (1.58% and 1.81%) and fat mass (1.70 kg and 2.20 kg). Significant loss of the adipose tissue and an increase in muscle mass were observed in various parts of the body. Conclusions The 7-month health program involving physical activities with MET > 600 led to a significant decrease in fat mass and fat percentage and a significant increase in muscle mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical fitness is one of the main factors determining the basis of health, quality of life and well-being, which is why more and more attention should be devoted to this issue among older adults.The aim ofthe study was to gain know-ledge of physical fitness of older adult women after the application of the 6-month program of physical activity. The study included thirty five women over the age of 60, who were listeners of University of the Third Age in Biała Podlaska.The Fullerton Functional Fitness Test was used to assess physical fitness. Activities undertaken by thesurveyed women within the 6-month program of classes, in which the dominant forms were streamline gymnastics, aqua aerobics and nordic walking, had a positive impact on improving their physical fitness. Physical activity programs focused on improvement of physical activity responsible for the overall functioning of an older adult person should be developed for people over 60 years of age.

Despite increased governmental efforts towards promoting healthy and active lifestylesamong Brazilians, physical inactivity is a serious concern in the population. Therefore, wedeveloped a new approach to community interventions for the promotion of physical activitycalled “Project VAMOS: Active Living, Enhancing Health”. In this article we review information about the conception of the program, as well as name, brand, and logo development. We discussissues related to translation and cultural adaptation, evaluation strategies, and we review lessonslearned from the pilot phase of the project that involved older adults and public health centers(CS) in Florianopolis. One hundred older adults registered in six CS participated in the pilot study.They were randomly assigned into three different groups: “VAMOS” (n=33), traditional physicalactivity classes (n=35), and a control group (n=32). “VAMOS” is an educational program basedon behavioral change principles that consists of 12 meetings. Based on an American evidence--based program (“Active Living Every Day”), “VAMOS” was translated and culturally adaptedto the Brazilian context. A number of adjustments were made to the original American versionof the program prior to conducting the pilot study. For example, the content of the lessons andhomework were revised, we shortened the length of the lessons, as well as lowered the complexityof some of the materials. The results of the pilot study suggest that there was broad acceptanceof the “VAMOS“program by the older adult participants. Also, interviews with administrativestaff and health professionals working for the CS indicated a possibility and interest to continueto offer “VAMOS” as part of their regular programming for the community. In summary, “VAMOS”has great potential to be used with the Brazilian population. Adjustments are necessaryfor its utilization with other age groups and across different regions in Brazil.

Insulin resistance (IR) with resultant hyperinsulinism is basically the origin of the development process from obesity to insulin independent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This process contributes to a reduced physical activity that is manifested in a reduced physical ability. Under the influence of a regular individually measured physical activity of aerobic character, it is possible to increase biological efficiency of insulin and affect the process of early and evaluative atherosclerosis. Finding a more effective program of physical activity for preventing these processes is the goal of their preventive and therapeutic application.

Background: Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure at low frequencies may cause some health problems. Objective: The present study was designed to test the effect of a comprehensive physical activity program on some fitness aspects of exposed workers with emphasis on cardio-autonomic control. Methods: A pre-test post-test experimental design was adopted. A representative sample of 30 workers exposed to low frequency EMF from Abou Qir electrical power station, Alexandria, were included in the study after fulfilling eligible criteria. Each one of the workers was subjected to a predesigned questionnaire including inquiries about sleep pattern subjective symptoms, and work and health satisfaction. Measurements of anthropometric indices, resting heart rate and blood pressure were done. Resting 12 lead ECG and R-R variability test during deep breathing were performed. A venous blood sample was taken for serum cholesterol and complete blood count determination. All these parameters were measured for the participants before and after implementation of a standardized physical activity program (PAP) for 12 weeks. Results: Results revealed significant improvement of some subjective and general complaints, and work and health satisfaction (p

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the impact of a resistance-band functional exercise program, compared with a recreational exercise program, on physical fitness and reaction times in persons older than 60 years. Fifty-four community-dwelling volunteers (71.76 ± 6.02 years) were assigned to a specific exercise program: Functional activity program (focused on resistance-band multi-joint activities; experimental group, EG), or recreational physical activity program (with gross motor activities of ludic content; control group, CG). Before and after the intervention, we determined cognitive capacity in terms of simple reaction time (S-RT), choice reaction time (C-RT) and fitness. In both groups physical performance improved, though this improvement was more marked in the EG for grip strength, arm strength and gross motor abilities (p < 0.05). Reaction times were better only in EG (S-RT = 10.70%, C-RT = 14.34%; p < 0.05) after the corresponding physical training intervention. The training period showed no effect on the moderate relationship between both RT and gross motor abilities in the CG, whereas the EG displayed an enhanced relationship between S-RT and grip-strength as well as the C-RT with arm strength and aerobic capacity (r ~ 0.457; p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that a functional exercise program using a resistance band improves fitness and cognitive performance in healthy older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto is the property of Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Desporto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)