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Based on multimodal measurement methods of NASA task load index (NASA-TLX), task performance, surface electromyography (sEMG), heart rate (HR), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), this study conducted experimental measurements and analyses under 16 different load levels of physical fatigue and mental fatigue combination conditions. This study observed the interaction between physical fatigue and mental fatigue at different levels, and at the subjective level, the effect of physical fatigue on mental fatigue was greater than that of mental fatigue on physical fatigue. Secondly, the results of fNIRS analysis showed that the premotor cortex is affected by physical fatigue, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is affected by mental fatigue. Finally, this study constructed a fatigue classification model with an accuracy of 95.3%, which takes multimodal physiological data as input and 16 fatigue states as output. The research results will provide a basis for fatigue analysis, evaluation, and improvement in complex working situations. Practitioner Summary: Based on multimodal measurement methods of NASA-TLX, task performance, sEMG, HR, and fNIRS, this study illustrated the relationship between physical fatigue and mental fatigue, and proposed a classification method for different fatigue situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) are critical for patients with stroke, especially during balance training. According to the research, most patients with stroke are fatigued at sub-maximal levels during their stroke rehabilitation. Sub-maximal physical fatigue may affect ART and VRT and impede stroke rehabilitation. Hence, it is important to study the effect of submaximal physical fatigue on ART and VRT. A pilot study on healthy adults paves the way for further research on stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this research is to find out if submaximal physical fatigue affects ART and VRT in healthy adults. In addition, this study also determines if ART and VRT recover to baseline after 15 min of rest post-fatigue session. Furthermore, the goal is to determine whether sub-maximal physical fatigue has a greater effect on ART or VRT. Methods A repeated measures within-subject design was used in the study. Eighteen healthy participants (median age 24 years) completed two sessions of a sub-maximal fatigue protocol on a cycle ergometer until they reached a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 15 on a scale of 6–20. Two different fatigue sessions were conducted (one to study the effects of fatigue on ART and the other for VRT). ART or VRT was measured on computer software before (PRE), immediately after (POST-0), and 15 min after (POST-15) the sub-maximal physical fatigue protocol. Results The value of median ART increased significantly from PRE to POST-0 (P = 0.002) and it decreased significantly at POST-15 (P = 0.010). Similarly, the value of mean VRT increased from PRE to POST-0 (P = 0.001) before decreasing significantly at POST-15 (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the effects of submaximal fatigue on ART and VRT (P = 0.156). Conclusion Due to submaximal physical fatigue, ART and VRT were slower, but they returned to baseline after 15 min of rest. Submaximal physical fatigue had an equal impact on ART and VRT. As balance training requires quicker ART and VRT for optimal outcomes, it may be better if the physiotherapists consider a 15-min rest period between the exercise and balance training in patients with stroke.

• Objective fatigue detection studies using physiological sensing are reviewed. • 43 recent articles are selected after a comprehensive quality assessment. • Signal modalities, experimental environments, and fatigue detection models are analyzed. • Directions for future research are provided based on identified gaps. • Challenges and future solutions for fatigue detection in workplaces are discussed. Fatigue is considered to have a life-threatening effect on human health and it has been an active field of research in different sectors. Deploying wearable physiological sensors helps to detect the level of fatigue objectively without any concern of bias in subjective assessment and interfering with work. This paper provides an in-depth review of fatigue detection approaches using physiological signals to pinpoint their main achievements, identify research gaps, and recommend avenues for future research. The review results are presented under three headings, including: signal modality, experimental environments, and fatigue detection models. Fatigue detection studies are first divided based on signal modality into uni-modal and multi-modal approaches. Then, the experimental environments utilized for fatigue data collection are critically analyzed. At the end, the machine learning models used for the classification of fatigue state are reviewed. The directions for future research are provided based on critical analysis of past studies. Finally, the challenges of objective fatigue detection in the real-world scenario are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical fatigue is a frequent factor in construction workplaces that threatens workers' safety. This study examines whether fatigue alters visual search patterns adopted by workers during hazard identification, thereby affecting identification performance. Subjects (n=24) were exposed to four physical activity levels (nonfatigue, low fatigue, medium fatigue, and high fatigue) and then performed hazard identification tasks in a panoramic virtual reality context, with their search patterns being reflected by eye-movement metrics. The results show that physical fatigue significantly impacted the visual search patterns, with workers allocating less attention to hazardous areas and being less engaged in searching. These visual characteristics correspond to poorer hazard identification accuracy. Further, the degree of influence increased with fatigue levels. The findings could extend the knowledge of the relationship between physical fatigue and safety. They could also uncover the reasons inherent in workers' inability to identify hazards due to physical fatigue, which could provide insight for the industry to cope with the disruptions to safety posed by physical fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) are critical for patients with stroke, especially during balance training. According to the research, most patients with stroke are fatigued at sub-maximal levels during their stroke rehabilitation. Sub-maximal physical fatigue may affect ART and VRT and impede stroke rehabilitation. Hence, it is important to study the effect of submaximal physical fatigue on ART and VRT. A pilot study on healthy adults paves the way for further research on stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this research is to find out if submaximal physical fatigue affects ART and VRT in healthy adults. In addition, this study also determines if ART and VRT recover to baseline after 15 min of rest post-fatigue session. Furthermore, the goal is to determine whether sub-maximal physical fatigue has a greater effect on ART or VRT. Methods: A repeated measures within-subject design was used in the study. Eighteen healthy participants (median age 24 years) completed two sessions of a sub-maximal fatigue protocol on a cycle ergometer until they reached a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 15 on a scale of 6–20. Two different fatigue sessions were conducted (one to study the effects of fatigue on ART and the other for VRT). ART or VRT was measured on computer software before (PRE), immediately after (POST-0), and 15 min after (POST-15) the sub-maximal physical fatigue protocol. Results: The value of median ART increased significantly from PRE to POST-0 (P = 0.002) and it decreased significantly at POST-15 (P = 0.010). Similarly, the value of mean VRT increased from PRE to POST-0 (P = 0.001) before decreasing significantly at POST-15 (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the effects of submaximal fatigue on ART and VRT (P = 0.156). Conclusion: Due to submaximal physical fatigue, ART and VRT were slower, but they returned to baseline after 15 min of rest. Submaximal physical fatigue had an equal impact on ART and VRT. As balance training requires quicker ART and VRT for optimal outcomes, it may be better if the physiotherapists consider a 15-min rest period between the exercise and balance training in patients with stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Work–Home Resources Model and Conservation of Resources Theory, we develop dual mechanisms by which nice interactions (patients' compliments and coworkers' informational support) predict sleep quality. Specifically, we expect these nice interactions to help individuals conserve their personal energy in the form of less cognitive depletion (a cognitive process) and diminished physical fatigue (a physical process). Further, we propose employees utilise their energy resources to experience better sleep quality. To test the proposed model, we utilised an experience‐sampling method by recruiting 223 female nurses working in a regional university hospital in South Korea. Specifically, we measured nice interactions and personal resources at 3 PM on Day t and sleep quality at 5–6 AM on Day t + 1, and we administered the questionnaire for 10 consecutive days. Overall, after removing 79 invalid observations (not completing questionnaire in a timely manner), we had a final total of two‐wave 1997 daily observations from 223 nurses. Receiving more compliments from patients and more information from coworkers positively affects nurses' cognitive energy (less cognitive depletion) and physical energy (less physical fatigue), which predicts better sleep quality. Finally, results supported indirect effects of these nice interactions on sleep quality via cognitive and physical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trait and state physical fatigue (trait-PF and state-PF) negatively impact many people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) but are challenging symptoms to measure. In this observational study, we explored the role of specific gait and autonomic nervous system (ANS) measures (i.e., heart rate, HR, r–r interval, R–R, HR variability, HRV) in trait-PF and state-PF. Methods: Forty-eight pwMS [42 ± 1.9 years, 65% female, EDSS 2 (IQR: 0–5.5)] completed the Timed Up and Go test (simple and with dual task, TUG-DT) and the 6-min walk test (6MWT). ANS measures were measured via a POLAR H10 strap. Gait was measured using inertial-measurement units (OPALs, APDM Inc). Trait-PF was evaluated via the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) motor component. State-PF was evaluated via a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scale before and after the completion of the 6MWT. Multiple linear regression models identified trait-PF and state-PF predictors. Results: Both HR and gait metrics were associated with trait-PF and state-PF. HRV at rest was associated only with state-PF. In models based on the first 3 min of the 6MWT, double support (%) and cadence explained 47% of the trait-PF variance; % change in R–R explained 43% of the state-PF variance. Models based on resting R–R and TUG-DT explained 39% of the state-PF. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that specific gait measures better capture trait-PF, while ANS metrics better capture state-PF. To capture both physical fatigue aspects, the first 3 min of the 6MWT are sufficient. Alternatively, TUG-DT and ANS rest metrics can be used for state-PF prediction in pwMS when the 6MWT is not feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background After infection with SARS-CoV-2, the body will experience symptoms such as hyposthenia, fatigue, and accelerated heart rate for a period of time. Current research institutions do not have a clear description of the persistent symptoms and causes of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . Objective To explore the correlation between the characteristics of fatigue and its related symptoms during the recovery period of COVID-19, and provide data reference for the scientific control of COVID-19. Methods The survey of COVID-19 was conducted in urban and rural areas of Guangzhou, Wuhan and Zhengzhou from December 2022 to February 2023, a total of 750 questionnaires were distributed and 732 questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 97.6%. Among the 732 respondents, 356 were males (48.63%) and 376 were females (51.37%) ; the average age was (35.2±16.0) years. There were 526 infected individuals and 206 uninfected individuals. The infections and clinical symptoms of the respondents were statistically analyzed by using questionnaires, and the subjective fatigue level was measured using the Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), and the measurement results were analyzed for differences. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between clinical characteristics and fatigue levels in COVID-19, and binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for fatigue in COVID-19. Results Fever was the most common symptom of COVID-19, accounting for 88.97% (468/526), the average maximum fever temperature in febrile patients was (38.96±1.35) ℃. The physical fatigue and overall fatigue scores of infected individuals were higher than those of uninfected individuals (P

Experts have highlighted the importance of coaches knowing the level of mental fatigue (MF) induced by different tasks. This study aimed to compare the mentally fatiguing nature of cognitive, physical, and combined tasks and, additionally, assess the effect of different moderating variables on MF. Twenty-three physically active (16 males: Mage = 24 years; seven females: Mage = 22.57 years) participants performed three experimental sessions: (a) physically fatiguing: 30 min of cycloergometer work (at 65%-75% of maximum heart rate), (b) mentally fatiguing: 30 min of an incongruent Stroop task, and (c) mixed fatiguing: 30 min of combining the physically and mentally fatiguing protocols. Subjective MF (visual analog scale), reaction time (psychomotor vigilance task), and cognitive performance (Stroop) were measured throughout the different protocols. Results showed significant increments in subjective MF after all tasks, with the mental and mixed protocols showing significantly higher increases. Only the mentally fatiguing protocol caused significant impairments in reaction time. No significant effects of sex, years of experience, or degree of mental toughness were observed. These results suggest that the use of all these tasks, and especially the mentally fatiguing exercises, should be avoided immediately prior to competitions due to the negative consequences of MF on performance. Moreover, this effect seems to be independent of the sex, years of experience, or mental toughness of athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical fatigue (peripheral fatigue), which affects a considerable portion of the world population, is a decline in the ability of muscle fibers to contract effectively due to alterations in the regulatory processes of muscle action potentials. However, it lacks an efficacious therapeutic intervention. The present study explored bioactive compounds and the mechanism of action of Citrus reticulata peel (CR-P) in treating physical fatigue by utilizing network pharmacology (NP), molecular docking, and simulation-based molecular dynamics (MD). The bioactive ingredients of CR-P and prospective targets of CR-P and physical fatigue were obtained from various databases. A PPI network was generated by the STRING database, while the key overlapping targets were analyzed for enrichment by adopting KEGG and GO. The binding affinities of bioactive ingredients to the hub targets were determined by molecular docking. The results were further validated by MD simulation. Five bioactive compounds were screened, and 56 key overlapping targets were identified for CR-P and physical fatigue, whereas the hub targets with a greater degree in the PPI network were AKT1, TP53, STAT3, MTOR, KRAS, HRAS, JAK2, IL6, EGFR, and ESR1. The findings of the enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of the targets in three key signaling pathways, namely PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and JAK-STAT. The molecular docking and MD simulation results revealed that the bioactive compounds of CR-P exhibit a stronger affinity for interacting with the hub targets. The present work suggests that bioactive compounds of CR-P, specifically Hesperetin and Sitosterol, may ameliorate physical fatigue via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by targeting AKT1, KRAS, and MTOR proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common side effect of cancer and cancer treatment that significantly impairs the quality of life and can persist for years after treatment completion. Although fatigue is often associated with cancer treatment, it is also a result of the disease itself, even before intervention. CRF at the time of diagnosis may affect treatment timing or completion and is a consistent predictor of post-treatment fatigue at any time. The mechanisms underlying CRF are multidimensional and not well understood, particularly at the time of diagnosis. Methods: Sixty-five breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis were included. The participants completed self-assessment questionnaires about CRF, sleep disturbances, and emotional symptoms and wore an accelerometer to assess levels of spontaneous physical activity and sleep quality. During the experimental session, the participants underwent cognitive, neuromuscular, and exercise metabolism evaluations. Results: Using augmented backward elimination regression, this study found that emotional symptoms and perceived sleep disturbances were the strongest predictors of CRF (adjusted r2 = 0.51). Neuromuscular fatigability and sleep disturbance were also associated with physical dimensions, whereas cognitive performance was associated with cognitive dimensions. Conclusion: At the time of diagnosis, emotional and cognitive dimensions are over-represented compared to the general population, and specific subdimensions have specific predictors that support the idea of distinct mechanisms. Evaluating CRF subdimensions and their potential mechanisms at the time of diagnosis would be particularly relevant for identifying high-risk patients and offering them appropriate interventions. Trial registration: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04391543) in May, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke fatigue can manifest as both physical and mental fatigue. The Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC) evaluates fatigue on the motor and cognitive domains separately, however, the psychometric properties of this measure in stroke have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To determine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity of the FSMC in chronic stroke. METHODS: Thirty-four participants with chronic stroke (55.26±12.27 years of age; 59.53±89.21 months post-stroke) completed the FSMC on two separate visits. Internal consistency and reliability of the FSMC were examined using Cronbach's alpha and two-way mixed effects intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. Correlation between the FSMC and the Fatigue Severity Scale and Visual Analog Scale-Fatigue was used to assess concurrent validity. RESULTS: Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha > 0.9) and reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0.72–0.81) for all FSMC scores. The FSMC demonstrated moderate to good concurrent validity with the Fatigue Severity Scale (ρ= 0.66–0.72) but only fair concurrent validity with the Visual Analog Scale-Fatigue (ρ= 0.37–0.44). CONCLUSION: The FSMC is a valid and reliable measure of post-stroke fatigue and may be a useful tool to examine physical fatigue and cognitive fatigue in chronic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We tested whether mental fatigue (MF), induced by a cognitively-demanding task, would impair repeated sprint ability (RSA) and repeated jump ability (RJA) performance, and whether physical fatigue and MF would impair psychomotor vigilance. Randomized within-participant design. After establishing baseline peak countermovement jump (CMJ), 18 male participants performed 12 maximal 20-m (10-m linear + 10-m directional) repeated sprints (RSA random test) followed by 12 maximal repeated CMJs (RJA test) subsequent to 30-min Stroop task (MF) or a documentary (Control). Peak and mean running time and height, percent decrement score (S dec), blood lactate, heart rate and RPE were measured for CMJ, RSA, and RJA tests. MF (M-VAS) and psychomotor vigilance [psychomotor vigilance test (PVT)] were measured at baseline, after each condition, and after the RSA/RJA tests. Compared to Control, the Stroop task elevated MF (p =.001), RPE ratings (all p <.031), and mean and S dec performance in directional (but not linear) RSA (all p <.032) and RJA tests (all p <.034). PVT score worsened after Stroop task (p =.011) but not Control, declined after RSA/RJA tests in both conditions (all p <.023) and was lower in the MF condition (p =.029). No condition differences were noted for peak (CMJ, RSA and RJA tests) performance, blood lactate, and heart rate. MF impairs directional RSA, and RJA performance. This impairment was linked with increased RPE and without physiological changes. The progressive impairment in PVT score suggests a cumulatively negative effect of mental and physical fatigue on psychomotor vigilance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The referee has a crucial role in presenting professional football games. Mistaken decisions may have a profound impact on the outcome of the match. Research is required to determine the aspects influencing referee decisions to avoid mistaken decision-making. This research aims to determine the effect of fatigue experienced by referees on decision-making. This research used an experimental method with 16 football referees as the sample. The research instrument was a video test of football referee decision-making from UEFA 2022. The results of this research reveal a significant influence of fatigue experienced by referees on decision-making. Referees' stamina has a significant impact on referees' decision-making.

Due to the complexity of the automobile manufacturing process, some flexible and delicate assembly work relies on manual operations. However, high-frequency and high-load repetitive operations make assembly workers prone to physical fatigue. This study proposes a method for evaluating human physical fatigue for the manual assembly of automobiles with methods: NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System) and RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment). The cerebral oxygenation signal is selected as an objective physiological index reflecting the human fatigue level to verify the proposed physical fatigue evaluation method. Taking auto seat assembly and automobile manual assembly as an example, 18 group experiments were carried out with the ARE platform (Augmented Reality-based Ergonomic Platform). Furthermore, predictions of metabolic energy expenditure were performed for experiments in Tecnomatix Jack. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed physical fatigue evaluation method can reflect the human physical fatigue level and is more accurate than the evaluation of metabolic energy consumption in Tecnomatix Jack because of the immersion that comes with the AR devices and the precision that comes with motion capture devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical fatigue can have adverse effects on humans in extreme environments. Therefore, being able to predict fatigue using easy to measure metrics such as heart rate (HR) signatures has potential to have an impact in real‐life scenarios. We apply a functional logistic regression model that uses HR signatures to predict physical fatigue, where physical fatigue is defined in a data‐driven manner. Data were collected using commercially available wearable devices on 47 participants hiking the 20.7‐mile Grand Canyon rim‐to‐rim trail in a single day. Fitted model provides good predictions and interpretable parameters for real‐life application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The onset of fatigue disrupts the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), potentially elevating the risk of life-threatening incidents and impairing daily performance. Previous studies mainly focused on physical fatigue (PF) and mental fatigue (MF) effects on the ANS, with limited knowledge concerning the influence of physical-mental fatigue (PMF) on ANS functionality. This study aimed to assess the immediate impact of PMF on ANS function and to compare its effects with those of PF and MF on ANS function. Thirty-six physically active college students (17 females) without burnout performed 60-min cycling exercises, AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT), and cycling combined with AX-CPT to induce PF, MF, and PMF respectively. Subjective fatigue levels were measured using the Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and the Visual Analog Scale-Fatigue. Heart rate variability was measured before and after each protocol to assess cardiac autonomic function. The proposed tasks successfully induced PF, MF, and PMF, demonstrated by significant changes in subjective fatigue levels. Compared with baseline, PMF decreased the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) between normal heartbeats (P < 0.001, d = 0.50), the standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN) (P < 0.01, d = 0.33), and the normalized high-frequency (nHF) power (P < 0.001, d = 0.32) while increased the normalized low-frequency (nLF) power (P < 0.001, d = 0.35) and the nLF/nHF ratio (P < 0.001, d = 0.40). Compared with MF, PMF significantly decreased RMSSD (P < 0.001, η² = 0.431), SDNN (P < 0.001, η² = 0.327), nLF (P < 0.01, η² = 0.201), and nHF (P < 0.001, η² = 0.377) but not the nLF/nHF ratio. There were no significant differences in ΔHRV (i.e., ΔRMSSD, ΔSDNN, ΔnLF/nHF, ΔnLF, and ΔnHF), heart rate, and training impulse between PF- and PMF-inducing protocols. Cognitive performance (i.e., accuracy) in AX-CPT during the PMF-inducing protocol was significantly lower than that during the MF-inducing protocol (P < 0.001, η² = 0.101). PF and PMF increased sympathetic activity and decreased parasympathetic activity, while MF enhanced parasympathetic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of acute fatigue on pistol shooting performance among Air Force marksmen. We compared the accuracy, precision, speed-accuracy trade-off, shooting cycle time, and hits on a silhouette target among 12 Brazilian Air Force servicemen (M age = 21.5, SD – 1.6 years) under both fatigue and non-fatigue conditions in a crossover design. In the fatigued condition, the participants performed a fatigue protocol composed of side runs, vertical jumps, push-ups, running, and burpees exercises before shooting. Participants performed the countermovement jump and the plyometric push-ups tests on a contact mat before and immediately after the fatigue protocol to compare the heights achieved pre- and post-fatigue. Paired t- tests showed a significant performance reduction of 34.36% and 40.02% for the countermovement jump and plyometric push-ups, respectively, indicating that participants were fatigued in their lower and upper limbs. In the non-fatigued condition, no exercise was performed before shooting. Results indicated no significant differences between conditions on shooting precision (p =.125; ES:.54), speed-accuracy trade-off (p =.261; ES =.33), hits within the silhouette (p =.167; ES =.41), or shooting cycle times (p =.868; ES =.05); but accuracy was greater (p =.025; ES:.54) when fatigued. We concluded that overall shooting performance was not impaired by physical fatigue, and shooting accuracy appeared to be improved. Perhaps physical fatigue was not enough to impair shooting accuracy in this young adult group, as accuracy decline is expected instead when shooters are in an exhausted state. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and test this presumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Although some research has been done in the Mexican manufacturing industry regarding mental workload, none has explored its association with physical fatigue, body weight gain, and human error simultaneously. OBJECTIVE: This research examines the association between mental workload and physical fatigue, body weight gain, and human error in employees from the Mexican manufacturing systems through a mediation analysis approach. METHODS: A survey named Mental Workload Questionnaire was developed by merging the NASA-TLX with a questionnaire containing the mental workload variables mentioned above. The Mental Workload Questionnaire was applied to 167 participants in 63 manufacturing companies. In addition, the mental workload was used as an independent variable, while physical fatigue and body weight gain were mediator variables, and human error was a dependent variable. Six hypotheses were used to measure the relationships among variables and tested using the ordinary least squares regression algorithm. RESULTS: Findings indicated that mental workload significantly correlates with physical fatigue and human error. Also, the mental workload had a significant total association with human error. The highest direct association with body weight gain was provided by physical fatigue, and body weight gain had an insignificant direct association with human error. Finally, all indirect associations were insignificant. CONCLUSION: Mental workload directly affects human error, which physical fatigue does not; however, it does affect body weight gain. Managers should reduce their employees' mental workload and physical fatigue to avoid further problems associated with their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Apuntes Universitarios: Revista de Investigación is the property of Universidad Peruana Union Filiar Tarapoto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The prevalence of fatigue in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can be as high as 50 %. Physical, mental, and psychosocial components of fatigue negatively impact quality of life (QOL), morbidity and mortality. Several tools have been developed to address fatigue, but none specifically for measuring fatigue in DM. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diabetes and neuropathy on fatigue using the Norfolk QOL-Fatigue (QOL-F) survey. Methods: 605 adult participants from [Anonymous] were recruited (400 subjects with type 1 or type 2 DM and 205 subjects without diabetes (controls)). All subjects completed the Norfolk QOL-F. Demographics, weight, BMI, and duration of diabetes were obtained. The Norfolk QOL-F, a 35-item validated questionnaire, assesses five domains: subjective fatigue, physical and cognitive fatigue, reduced activities, impaired activities of daily living, and depression. Results: Subjects with DM reported significantly higher fatigue total scores (52.63vs33.89, p

Physical fatigue is frequent for heavy manual laborers like construction workers, but it causes distraction and may lead to safety incidents. The purpose of this study is to develop predictive models for monitoring construction workers' inattention caused by physical fatigue utilizing electrocardiograph (ECG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) sensors. Thirty participants were invited to complete an attention-demanding task under non-fatigued and physically fatigued conditions. Supervised learning algorithms were utilized to develop models predicting their attentional states, with heart rate variability (HRV) features derived from ECG signals and skin electric activity features derived from GSR signals as data inputs. The results demonstrate that using HRV features alone could obtain a prediction accuracy of 88.33%, and using GSR features alone could achieve an accuracy of 76.67%, both through the KNN algorithm. The accuracy increased to 96.67% through the SVM algorithm when combining HRV and GSR features. The findings indicate that ECG sensors used alone or in combination with GSR sensors can be applied to monitor construction workers' inattention on job sites. The findings would provide an approach for detecting distracted workers at job sites. Additionally, it might reveal the relationships between workers' physiological features and attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the sport literature, strategic self-talk has been shown to improve task performance, and these effects have been partly attributed to enhanced attention. Furthermore, research has shown that strategic instructional self-talk can help counter the adverse effects of ego depletion on attention tasks. Extending this line of research, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of strategic instructional self-talk on a divided attention task following physical exhaustion. Participants of 60 undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.23 years were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Following a short familiarisation with task procedures, participants were induced into a state of physical exhaustion through a running protocol on a treadmill. Immediately after the conclusion of the physical task, they performed the divided attention test on the Vienna Test System, during which participants of the experimental group were instructed to use strategic intructional self-talk cues. The analysis of the final assessment showed that the self-talk group had a higher percentage of correct responses and faster reaction times than the control group. The results of this study suggest that strategic instructional self-talk can help counter the potentially negative consequences of physical exhaustion on attention. The findings provide further support for an attentional interpretation of self-talk effectiveness, suggesting that improvements in attention functions can be a plausible mechanism for explaining the facilitative effects of self-talk on task performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying several types of running conditions with different tasks is useful to understand how metabolic demands change considering the complexity of the task performed (running with and without the ball). The hypothesis formulated is the following: the strength of the lower limbs may decrease more in the running with ball and between two groups (élite and sub-élite); while the energy expenditure should be different in four running conditions. The sample of subjects included twenty-four young male basketball players between 19±1 years old, divided in two groups (élite n=12 and sub-élite n=12). The aim of this study is to estimate the expenditure metabolic and the level of decreasing strength of the lower limb at different running conditions (two linear running and two shuttle running). The experimental approach required a portable Metabolimeter to assess the metabolic expenditures, Squat Jump (Optojump) to assess the strength of the lower limbs before and after each test. The T-test for independent sample was used and two-way repeated measures ANOVA to assess the significant differences for each running conditions. This study has showed a different metabolic expenditure between two groups: energy consumption is increased when running with the ball compared to when running without the ball and also when changing direction compared to linear running. The results could be useful to coaches to optimize the training load of young basketball players and to improve the motor learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Fatigue is frequently reported in people with a non-communicable chronic disease. More insight in the nature of this symptom may enhance targeted treatment of fatigue. In this study, we aimed to gain more insight in the prevalence of different types of fatigue and in current prescribed treatment strategies to reduce fatigue in non-communicable chronic diseases.Methods People with non-communicable chronic diseases were contacted via public, non-profit, disease-specific health funds and patient associations and invited to complete a web-based survey. The survey included a general question about the experience (“Do you now or have you ever had complaints of fatigue?”) and nature of fatigue (physically/mentally/combination), the Checklist Individual Strength-subscale subjective fatigue (CIS-Fatigue; 8–56 points), self-constructed questions for the distinction between physical and mental fatigue (both 3–21 points) and questions on prescribed treatments for fatigue.Results In total, 4199 participants (77% females) completed the online survey. 3945 participants (94.0%) reported experiencing fatigue, of which 64.4% reported a combination of both physical and mental fatigue. Median CIS-Fatigue score was 41 (32–48) points, with 68% of the participants reporting severe fatigue (≥36 points). Median scores for physical and mental fatigue were 15 (11–18) and 12 (8–16) points, respectively. In 55% of the participants, fatigue was only occasionally or never discussed with the healthcare professional, and only 23% of the participants were prescribed a treatment for fatigue. Participants often reported no effect or even an increase in fatigue after treatment.Conclusions Findings indicate that both physical and mental fatigue are often experienced simultaneously in people with non-communicable chronic diseases, but can also occur separately. Fatigue is often only occasionally or never discussed, let alone treated, highlighting the need to raise awareness among healthcare professionals. Future studies are needed to gain more insight in underlying factors of fatigue in non-communicable chronic diseases, its impact on daily life and development and evaluation of targeted treatment strategies.Key messages:Both physical and mental fatigue are frequently present in people with non-communicable chronic diseases.Fatigue is often only occasionally or never discussed during consultation with the physician, highlighting the need to raise awareness among healthcare professionals for adequate screening and evaluating of fatigue in people with non-communicable chronic diseases.Only less than a quarter of the people with non-communicable chronic diseases who reported to experience fatigue were prescribed a treatment for fatigue, which was often experienced as ineffective.

Context Bushen Yiyuan recipe (BYR) is an effective Chinese prescription with antifatigue and antioxidation effects.Objective The effects of BYR on testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells with exercise-induced low serum testosterone levels (EILST) are assessed.Materials and methods Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically trained for 6 weeks to establish an EILST model. EILST rats were divided into model (physiological saline), EFE (700 mg/kg ethanol extract of Epimedii folium, the dried leaves of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim [Berberidaceae]), and BYR groups (350 and 700 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Expression of HMG-CoA, LDL-R, SR-BI, STAR and CYP11A1 were quantified by RT qPCR and Western blots.Results Compared with the model group (115.52 ± 13.05 μg/dL; 67.83 ± 14.29; 0.32 ± 0.04; 0.33 ± 0.02; 0.38 ± 0.01), serum testosterone, testosterone/cortisol ratio, HMG-CoA, STAR and CYP11A1 relative protein expression significantly increased in low-dose BYR (210.60 ± 5.08 μg/dL; 119.38 ± 13.02; 0.47 ± 0.01; 0.46 ± 0.03; 0.46 ± 0.02), high-dose BYR (220.57 ± 14.71 μg/dL; 124.26 ± 14.79; 0.49 ± 0.02; 0.42 ± 0.03; 0.51 ± 0.02), and EFE groups (206.83 ± 5.54 μg/dL; 119.53 ± 25.04; 0.45 ± 0.02; 0.42 ± 0.02; 0.41 ± 0.02) (all p

Mental fatigue can significantly impair physical performance during sports practice. However, previous studies have not analyzed the impact of combining High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with a cognitive task on physical performance. In this line, we developed the present research to investigate the specific aspects of mental and physical fatigue as well as the potential impact of combining HIIT with a cognitive task. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare mental and physical fatigue indicators between single HIIT and an incongruent Stroop task added to the HIIT protocol. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 32 tennis players (25 men and 7 women, mean age = 21.40). Two HIIT sessions were performed: (1) one with the incongruent Stroop task presented during rests, and (2) another without the Stroop task during rests. Mental fatigue, mental load, and wellness were measured. Additionally, mean and maximum heart rate, mean and peak speed, and heart rate variability through RMSSD were recorded using a heart rate monitor. Mann-Whitney U tests and Wilcoxon tests were performed to explore differences between during-session loads and pre- and post-HIITs. The results showed that mixed HIIT with the incongruent Stroop task caused higher increases in mental fatigue (p = 0.04) and the ratio of perceived exertion (p = 0.001) from pre- to post-HIIT. However, no significant differences in external (speed) and internal (heart rate) factors were observed between the protocols. This suggests that subjective feelings of physical exertion increased significantly due to mental fatigue. However, it did not decrease the physical workload during HIIT for tennis players. Therefore, incorporating short periods of the incongruent Stroop task during HIIT could be used to develop tolerance to mental fatigue without a decrease in the workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Physical fatigue is one of the important problems that plague public health. Our objective is to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of a botanical beverage with ginseng extract and pueraria extract, including ginseng, wolfberry, Polygonatum, Pueraria, and niacin. Sixty ICR male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely blank control group, experimental control group (swimming group), positive control group (caffeine group), low-dose group (3.33 g/kg BW), medium-dose group (6.67 g/kg BW), and high-dose group (13.33 g/kg BW) of botanical beverage. Then we performed behavioral examination, including grip and turn-club test, and investigated fatigue-related biochemical indexes and behavioral tests after consecutive gavage administration for 30 days.. Results showed that the fatigue rotarod time and forelimb pulling force of the mice are significantly increased in the middle and high dose groups of botanical beverage and the caffeine group, compared with the blank control group. The contents of blood sugar level, liver glycogen, and muscle glycogen of the mice in the middle dose group increased by 53.58%, 18.75%, and 45.00%, respectively, compared with the swimming group. While the contents of blood lactate and urea nitrogen and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the middle-dose group decreased by 5.56%, 18.78% and 27.18%, 9.45%, respectively. It’s concluded that botanical beverage with ginseng extract and pueraria extract had the effect on relieving physical fatigue.

Background: Fatigue is a condition characterized by a subjective feeling of a decrease in energy, and it has both physical and psychological aspects. Many authors have pointed out the overlap between fatigue and depression.Methods: A Descriptive correlational Design is used to study the relationships between the variables and how such relationships are analyzed to assess the research objectives. The study is conducted throughout the period of October 20 th 2021 to 15st June 2022. A Non-Probability (Purposive Sample) of (250) cancer patients, those who visited Al-Euphrates Cancer Hospital/ Al-Najaf/Chemotherapy and hormonal ,Radiation ,Surgery for treatment or follow up or both, are included in the study sample.The data are collected through the utilizationof the developed questionnaire by using an interview technique after the estimation of the validity and reliability of the study instrument.Result: the overall assessment was (high) for the domains (physical fatigue) and (moderate) for the domain (mental fatigue). The overall assessment of fatigue is also (moderate). In addition, other variables were studied and the study found a significant relationship between educational level, the monthly income/IQ, occupation, residence, cancer type on the patient’s fatigue. Conclusion: Overall the patients with cancer exhibiteda high percentage of physical fatigue and a moderate percentage of mental fatigue. In addition, other variables were studied and the study found a significant relationship between educational level, the monthly income/IQ, occupation, residence, cancer type on the patient’s fatigue.

Background. The several types of running in the team sports such as basketball, soccer and rugby, vary according to physical characteristics and sports. In particular, in the basketball the running is characterized by continuous acceleration and deceleration phases, which entails greater energy expenditure. This study aimed to assess the strength decrease of the lower limbs and energy expenditure at different running conditions (n=4) with/without the ball during Linear running and Shuttle run (180°) in two groups (male: n=15; female: n=15). Materials and methods. Experimental approach required the following tests/devices: Squat Jump to assess the strength of the lower limbs before/after each test, and a portable Metabolimeter was used to assess the metabolic parameters. The T-test was used for independent samples and Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the significant differences for each variable between each running conditions. Results. Initial hypothesis has been confirmed, showing a significantly different strength decrease in different running conditions (Linear Running and Shuttle run with and without ball) and between the two teams considered (male and female). In addition, different energy expenditure between the two groups increases even more during the running with the ball compared to running without the ball. Conclusions. The results of this study could be useful for coaches to optimize training with different training load related to gender and to the running conditions (with and without the ball), but also to optimize the work load of young players in relation to the abilities, skills and experiences of players.

The healthcare sector is essential for any country because it indirectly affects its economy. The productivity of land will increase if there is a healthy workforce, and it will enhance its economy, which will, in return, lead to the human welfare of the country. The present quantitative study has investigated the relationship between high-performance work systems (HPWS) on safety workarounds through the role of burnout as mediation, and explored coping strategies as a moderator between burnout and safety workarounds. These constructs play a vital role in efficiently managing different organizational activities to generate better productivity and employee performance, and educate employees about rules that can be used and adopted to ensure a healthy work-life. The data were collected from 550 nurses through a questionnaire in the healthcare sector of Lahore, Punjab (Pakistan). AMOS and SPSS were used to test the direct relationships between the constructs, and analyze the moderation of coping strategies and the mediation effect of burnout. The results have demonstrated the strong moderated mediation of coping strategies and burnout between existing HPWS and safety workarounds. The study of coping strategies would help managers and employees handle job stress and alleviate burnout in the healthcare sector through safety workarounds to increase effectiveness and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A mixed-fatigue detection model for beekeepers has been developed utilizing both EEG and deep learning methodologies. • Nine distinct deep learning models were evaluated to identify the most effective approach. • Extensive preprocessing of EEG data, including time–frequency transformations, was employed to accurately capture fatigue-related brainwave signals. • The optimal model was selected based on its classification accuracy, efficiency in training time, and its performance on the micro-average AUC metrics. Worker fatigue remains a pressing concern in agricultural production due to its negative effect on workplace safety. Current fatigue detection efforts have primarily targeted the mental fatigue of agricultural machinery operators and the physical fatigue associated with the manual handling of items and harvesting. In beekeeping, beekeepers not only inspect the honeycombs inside beehives for honey collection but also frequently handle the beehives themselves to observe the lower layers or to transport them to different locations, resulting in both mental and physical fatigue, which can lead to property loss and threaten their personal safety. To address this, a comprehensive fatigue detection model for beekeepers is developed in the present study, using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and deep learning to assess the combined effect of physical and mental fatigue. EEG signals were recorded from participants under two transportation conditions (manual handling and with an auxiliary device). The participants also provided a self-assessment of their fatigue levels according to a five-category scale (no, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme fatigue). The EEG signals were preprocessed, including artifact removal and data cropping, and then a Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) method was used to generate time–frequency images from the signals. Data augmentation techniques such as random masking and Gaussian noise were also applied. A deep learning model employing a three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (CNN) with three convolutional layers was then constructed and its performance compared to existing 3D-ResNet-18 and 3D-DenseNet-121 models. A convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was incorporated into these models to capture important spatial and channel weights from the feature images during training (3D-CNN(CBAM), 3D-ResNet-18(CBAM), 3D-DenseNet-121(CBAM)). A mask layer was also applied to the feature images after adding the CBAM to manually adjust the spatial weights and focus the models on mid- to high-frequency signals for fatigue classification (MASK-3DCNN(CBAM), MASK-3D-ResNet-18(CBAM), MASK-3D-DenseNet-121(CBAM)). Following training and validation, the model with the highest fatigue prediction accuracy was found to be MASK-3DCNN(CBAM), with an average accuracy of 94.9 % and a detection accuracy higher than 93.3 % for each of the five fatigue levels. Given that the inference time for the individual validation data across all models did not exceed 0.01 s, MASK-3DCNN(CBAM) was selected as the optimal model for its simple structure and balanced detection capability across different fatigue levels. This fatigue detection method can rapidly and accurately assess the fatigue levels of beekeepers at work, with significant implications for safety and fatigue assessment in large-scale beekeeping operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the complexity of the automobile manufacturing process, some flexible and delicate assembly work relies on manual operations. However, high-frequency and high-load repetitive operations make assembly workers prone to physical fatigue. This study proposes a method for evaluating human physical fatigue for the manual assembly of automobiles with methods: NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System) and RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment). The cerebral oxygenation signal is selected as an objective physiological index reflecting the human fatigue level to verify the proposed physical fatigue evaluation method. Taking auto seat assembly and automobile manual assembly as an example, 18 group experiments were carried out with the ARE platform (Augmented Reality-based Ergonomic Platform). Furthermore, predictions of metabolic energy expenditure were performed for experiments in Tecnomatix Jack. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed physical fatigue evaluation method can reflect the human physical fatigue level and is more accurate than the evaluation of metabolic energy consumption in Tecnomatix Jack because of the immersion that comes with the AR devices and the precision that comes with motion capture devices.

Fatigue is frequently reported in people with a non-communicable chronic disease. More insight in the nature of this symptom may enhance targeted treatment of fatigue. In this study, we aimed to gain more insight in the prevalence of different types of fatigue and in current prescribed treatment strategies to reduce fatigue in non-communicable chronic diseases. People with non-communicable chronic diseases were contacted via public, non-profit, disease-specific health funds and patient associations and invited to complete a web-based survey. The survey included a general question about the experience ("Do you now or have you ever had complaints of fatigue?") and nature of fatigue (physically/mentally/combination), the Checklist Individual Strength-subscale subjective fatigue (CIS-Fatigue; 8–56 points), self-constructed questions for the distinction between physical and mental fatigue (both 3–21 points) and questions on prescribed treatments for fatigue. In total, 4199 participants (77% females) completed the online survey. 3945 participants (94.0%) reported experiencing fatigue, of which 64.4% reported a combination of both physical and mental fatigue. Median CIS-Fatigue score was 41 (32–48) points, with 68% of the participants reporting severe fatigue (≥36 points). Median scores for physical and mental fatigue were 15 (11–18) and 12 (8–16) points, respectively. In 55% of the participants, fatigue was only occasionally or never discussed with the healthcare professional, and only 23% of the participants were prescribed a treatment for fatigue. Participants often reported no effect or even an increase in fatigue after treatment. Findings indicate that both physical and mental fatigue are often experienced simultaneously in people with non-communicable chronic diseases, but can also occur separately. Fatigue is often only occasionally or never discussed, let alone treated, highlighting the need to raise awareness among healthcare professionals. Future studies are needed to gain more insight in underlying factors of fatigue in non-communicable chronic diseases, its impact on daily life and development and evaluation of targeted treatment strategies. Both physical and mental fatigue are frequently present in people with non-communicable chronic diseases. Fatigue is often only occasionally or never discussed during consultation with the physician, highlighting the need to raise awareness among healthcare professionals for adequate screening and evaluating of fatigue in people with non-communicable chronic diseases. Only less than a quarter of the people with non-communicable chronic diseases who reported to experience fatigue were prescribed a treatment for fatigue, which was often experienced as ineffective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Functional motor disorders (FMDs) are highly disabling conditions associated with long-term disability, poor quality of life, and economic burden on health and social care. While multidisciplinary 5-days rehabilitation programs have been shown to reduce motor and non-motor symptoms, long-term management and monitoring in FMDs remain an unmet need. Aim: To compare a 12-weeks telemedicine program against a 12-weeks self-management program after a 5-days rehabilitation program for improving motor, non-motor symptoms, quality of life, and perception of change in patients with FMDs. Methods: The study population was 64 consecutive patients with a definite diagnosis of FMDs who underwent a 5-days in-person rehabilitation program followed by either a self-management (the first 32 patients) or a telemedicine program (the latter 32 patients). Validated measures of motor and non-motor symptoms such as fatigue and pain, quality of life, perception of change, gait, and postural control were recorded before (T0), after completion of rehabilitation (T1), and then again at 3 months (T2). Results: Improvement at 3-month follow-up assessment of motor symptoms (p < 0.001), physical fatigue (p = 0.028), and self-rated change perception (p = 0.043) was greater in the telemedicine group. No different between-groups effect was found on other dimensions of fatigue, pain, physical and mental health, and gait and postural control. Conclusions: Long-term management and expert monitoring of patients with FMDs via telemedicine may enhance long-term outcomes in motor symptoms and physical fatigue, with a positive long-term impact on self-rated health perception of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected Malaysia's higher education sector. It also creates an incentive for the restoration of the school sector and the establishment of revised programmes and evaluations. Higher learning institutions begin to embrace virtual learning which forces the students to adopt new types of learning in a short period. This research paper presents an empirical investigation of physical, mental and emotional fatigue experienced by undergraduate Information Technology (IT) programme students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A set of questionnaires was developed using the ZEF Scale focusing on physical, mental and emotional fatigue. To validate the questionnaires, the item questions were administered by the three education technology domain experts, from the Computing Department, Faculty of Arts, Computing, and Creative Industry (FSKIK), Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). This study involved a total of 230 undergraduate students from the IT program. The responders were administered with the questionnaire using Google Form. The collected data had been analysed using descriptive analysis with frequency and percentage, correlation analysis with frequency and percentage, validity, and reliability of each question. The Pearson correlation (r) demonstrated that the study was significant. The majority of undergraduate IT programme students were experiencing physical fatigue (r=0.984), emotional fatigue (r=0.965) and mental fatigue (r=0.937) while attending classes virtually. Thus, with this study, we support the notion that the undergraduate IT programme students were experiencing physical, mental and emotional fatigue while attending the classes online during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Previous studies on neural/molecular mechanisms of fatigue focused on a variety of brain functions, morphological changes, and neurochemical functions such as neurotransmitter and neuroimmune dynamics. However, MRI morphological changes were adopted primarily to compare patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and healthy controls. A few studies have been done on healthy subjects with fatigue scores; one study with 63 adults (their ages of 53.2 ± 8.3) showed the gray matter volume (GMV) reduction in good correlation with a higher score of fatigue. The other one with university students (their ages of 20.7 ± 1.8) demonstrated no significant correlation between regional GMV (rGMV) and fatigue severity. To elucidate the brain structural underpinning in parallel with fatigue development, a large number of healthy middle-aged adults (n = 1873; aged 54.1 ± 5.4) without ME/CFS were recruited, and the correlation between both rGMV in the cerebrum including basal ganglia and Chalder's fatigue questionnaire (CFQ) with physical and mental categories were investigated. A higher CFQ score denotes a higher perceived fatigue level by the participant. The physical fatigue scores of CFQ showed a significantly negative correlation (i.e., smaller rGMV for higher CFQ score) with the volume of the right planum temporale and supplemental motor cortex (SMC), while the left putamen, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), parietal operculum, and right precentral gyrus showed a significantly positive correlation (i.e., bigger rGMV for higher CFQ score). In the mental fatigue scores, the right SMC and left lateral orbital gyrus (LOG) showed a significantly negative correlation, while only the left fusiform gyrus showed a significantly positive correlation. In total scores of (both physical and mental) fatigue, the right SMC and orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (OIFG) showed a negative correlation, while the left putamen and MTG showed a positive correlation. Therefore, the right SMC may play a critical role in fatigue progression because of the only common factor among physical, mental, and total fatigue. The left putamen may play a compensatory role with a positive correlation to physical and total fatigue. Additionally, identifying the other gray matter regions that positively or negatively correlated to CFQ of healthy adults may help deepen the understanding of early-stage fatigue progression, leading to the future establishment of preventive measures through volumetrics by using MRI.