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Phylloporia, a wood-inhabiting fungal genus, has been used as an anti-inflammatory food taken in the form of tea in Shandong Province, China. The species used in folklore have been clarified as Phy...

Phylloporia moricola is described as a new species based on collections from Sichuan Province, China. All studied basidiocarps grow on trunks of Morus sp. This new species is supported by morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences inferred from a dataset of nuc 28S rDNA. P. moricola is characterized by having effused-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps, pores 7–9 per mm, duplex context with a black line when young, dimitic hyphal system, and brownish, slightly thick-walled basidiospores generally measuring 3.4–4 × 2.7–3.2 μm. Phylloporia moricola is phylogenetically most closely related to Phylloporia mori, that also occurs on Morus sp., but that species differs from P. moricola in having hymenial setae and larger basidiospores (4–4.8 × 3.1–3.8 μm).

Four new species of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetales) are presented based on collections made from subtropical-tropical southeastern Taiwan. They are P. alyxiae, P. mori, P. murrayae, and P. rubiacearum. These four species respectively grow on plant genera Alyxia, Morus, Murraya, and family Rubiaceae. Their status of new species in Phylloporia is supported by a combined survey based on morphological features, host species, geographic distribution, and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences inferred from a dataset of nuc 28S rDNA. ITS sequence analysis is effective in distinguishing P. alyxiae and P. murrayae, respectively, from the most closely related species. Descriptions, basidiocarp photos, and microscopic illustrations are provided for these new species. So far, 61 species are known in the genus Phylloporia worldwide.

Basidiocarps of Phylloporia are used as a source of natural medicine in China mainly in Shandong Province. Although the species diversity of Phylloporia has been well-studied worldwide, especially in China, the species identities of the medicinal basidiocarps are still unconfirmed. In this study, we sampled basidiocarps of Phylloporia from Shandong Province, China. On the basis of morphological and phylogenetic evidence as well as host-tree information, it is clarified that Phylloporia lonicerae on Lonicera japonica is the most widely used medicinal species of this genus, P. fontanesiae on Fontanesia fortunei is rarely used, and P. pulla on Pyrus is potentially used. The taxonomical status of these three species is briefly discussed, and P. lonicerae and P. pulla originally described from outside of China are described with illustrations based on specimens from Shandong Province, China. This clarification is crucial for medicinal studies and potential industry development of Phylloporia species.

Two new species of Phylloporia, P. crystallina and P. sumacoensis, are described based on 28S ribosomal RNA phylogeny, morphology, host, and geographic distribution. Phylloporia crystallina is characterized by pileate, perennial basidiomata with a duplex context, small pores 9–10 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system, absence of cystidia and cystidioles, presence of large rhomboid crystals in tube trama, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 2.8–3 × 2–2.3 μm, and growth on angiosperm stump. Phylloporia sumacoensis is characterized by pileate, perennial basidiomata with a duplex context, very small pores 10–12 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system, hyphae at dissepiment edges bearing fine crystals, presence of cystidioles, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 3–3.7 × 2.1–2.8 μm, and growth on living liana.

Background and aims – The aim of this study is the continuation of an ongoing survey of Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) from the lower Guinean sub-region in Central Africa. In this frame, a new species of Phylloporia is described from Gabon, based on morphological, ecological and phylogenetic data. Methods – The species is described using morphological methods, and ecological data. DNA-based phylogenetic analysis are also used to search for affinities.Key results – A new species of Phylloporia, P. rinoreae, is described based on specimens collected on living twigs of a shrubby Rinorea species (Violaceae), occurring in the Guineo-Congolian rain forest. Phylogenetic inferences using DNA sequence data from partial nuc 28S (region including the D1/D2/D3 domains) resolved this species as a distinct clade within the Phylloporia lineage. An identification key to the species reported from the Guineo-Congolian phytochorion is provided.Conclusion – Phylloporia rinoreae is the seventh species of the genus described from and so far only known from Gabon in the Lower Guinean phytogeographical sub-region.

Fomitiporia chilensis and Phylloporia boldo are described as new poroid species in the Hymenochaetaceae based on morphological, cultural, ecological, and phylogenetic analyses. Fomitiporia chilensis pertains to the Fomitiporia punctata species complex, being related to its Neotropical taxa. It is distinguished by pulvinate to effuse basidiomes that develop an indurated margin, by contextual tissue between the tube strata and basidiospores larger than 6.0 μm, and by growth on dead tissues of Peumus boldus and Cryptocarya alba. Its closest phylogenetic relatives are Fomitiporia neotropica and Fomitiporia impercepta, which differ by flatter basidiomes and by microscopical features. Phylloporia boldo grows and sporulates exclusively on living Peumus boldus. It is distinguished by a pileate basidiome with sulcate, indurated pileal surface, a dimitic hyphal system and by relatively large basidiospores 5.4–6.0 × 4.4–5.0 μm with dull chestnut walls. It was found to be phylogenetically related to Phylloporia dependens, described from China; both species being distantly related to other species in Phylloporia.

Phylloporia is shown to be monophyletic according to molecular sequence data. Morphologically, Phylloporia is characterized by annual or perennial basidiomata, a monomitic to dimitic hyphal system, generally presenting a duplex context, absence of setae, and abundant tiny, thick-walled and colored basidiospores. In this study, specimens from China and Brazil a priori identified to Phylloporia species were revised. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuc 28S rDNA showed that they nested within the Phylloporia clade, in which they formed eight new terminal lineages. According to this result and additional morphological and ecological data (host relationships), these eight lineages are described as eight new species: Phylloporia atlantica, P. cystidiolophora, P. montana, P. perangusta, P. rattanicola, P. solicola, P. splendida, and P. subpulla. Detailed descriptions with illustrations are provided for these new species, and their relationships with similar or allied species are discussed. An identification key for all accepted 56 species with a synoptic description is provided, and two keys to neotropical and Asian Phylloporia species are also provided.

Phylloporia, in the Hymenochaetaceae, is a polypore genus with a worldwide distribution. The new taxon Phylloporia lonicerae is introduced, which is the first Phylloporia species to originate from Japan. This species grows exclusively on living Lonicera japonica and is distinguished by annual, sessile basidiocarps that occur in clusters, pileal surface of narrow, concentrically sulcate zones, 6–8 pores per mm, duplex context separated by a black zone, dimitic hyphal system and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, 3.2–4 × 2.3–3.1 µm. Phylogenetically, P. lonicerae is nested within the Phylloporia clade as a distinct terminal lineage with full statistical supports and sister to the clade of P. minutispora, P. cf. pulla and P. terrestris with weak supports. Besides Phylloporia bibulosa, P. chrysites and P. spathulata, P. lonicerae is the fourth species of Phylloporia recorded from Japan. An identification key to all accepted 48 species of Phylloporia is provided.

Phylloporia flabelliforma sp. nov. and Phylloporia gabonensis sp. nov. are described on the basis of specimens originating from the western edge of the lower Guineo- Congolian rainforest, in Gabon. Both species form seasonal, gregarious and sessile basidiomata, with spathulate to flabelliform pilei, emerging in dense clusters at the lower part of living trunks of Dichostemma glaucescens and Anthostema aubryanum, two smallstemmed Euphorbiaceae from the understorey compartment. Both taxa have a pileus surface in a grayish orange tone when fresh, 5–6 irregular pores/mm and a homogeneous, pale corkcolored context, briefly discoloring to reddish or reddish brown in 3% alkali. The hyphal system is monomitic and the basidiospores are ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid in both species. Phylloporia flabelliforma is specifically characterized by thin pilei, ≤ 1.5 mm at the thickest, with a shiny surface and a thin, and regular white margin. Phylloporia gabonensis has thicker pilei with a dull surface and a lobed, incised margin. Phylogenetic inferences using DNA sequence data from partial nuc 28S (region including the D1/D2/D3 domains) resolved these two species as two distinct but closely related sister clades within the Phylloporia lineage. Phylogenetic inferences using DNA sequence data from the ITS regions confirmed the results obtained from the nuc 28S. These two species are compared to P. fulva and P. inonotoides, both occurring in the same phytochorion in Gabon. They are also compared to Inonotus pusillus and I. dentatus, two species known only from the Neotropics.

Three new species of Phylloporia from tropical China are described in this study: P. manglietiae, P. pendula, and P. pseudopectinata. Phylloporia manglietiae is characterized by triquetrous to ungulate basidiomata, with 6-8 pores/mm, a monomitic to dimitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoidal basidiospores, 3-3.5 × 2-2.5 μm. Phylloporia pendula has small, imbricate, and pendent basidiomata, with 7-9 pores/mm, a dimitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoidal basidiospores, 3.5-4 × 2.5-3 μm. Phylloporia pseudopectinata differs from other species of Phylloporia by its applanate basidiomata, with 8-9 pores/mm, a dimitic hyphal system, and subglobose basidiospores, 3-3.5 × 2-3 μm. Phylogenetic analyses, based on sequences from the D1-D2 domains of the 28S gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) of the nuc rDNA, support the classification of the three new species in Phylloporia.

Four species are added to Phylloporia. Three species, originating from the western edge of the Guineo-Congolian rainforest in Gabon (central Africa), are described as new. Phylloporia afrospathulata sp. nov. forms seasonal, stipitate, solitary basidiomata emerging from soil, more likely connected to buried roots, and has broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. Phylloporia inonotoides sp. nov. forms seasonal sessile, soft basidiomata, solitary at the base of small-stemmed trees including Crotonogyne manniana (Euphorbiaceae) and Garcinia cf. smeathmannii (Clusiaceae). It has a homogeneous context, large pores (2-3 mm), and oblong-ellipsoid to suballantoid basidiospores. Phylloporia fulva sp. nov. forms sessile, conchate, mostly pendant, gregarious basidiomata emerging from the trunk of an unidentified small-stemmed tree and has small, subglobose basidiospores. This species is compared to Polyporus pullus and Phylloporia pulla comb. nov. and proposed based on the study of the type specimen. Phylogenetic inferences using partial nuc 28S DNA sequence data (region including the D1/D2/D3 domains) and the most exhaustive dataset available to date resolved these new morphospecies as three distinct terminal lineages. No sequence data of P. pulla currently is available. The 28S-based phylogenic inferences poorly resolved the interspecific relationships within the Phylloporia clade.

Phylloporia yuchengii is newly described and illustrated from alpine ecosystem, Western Tien Shan Mountains in the Tashkent Province of Uzbekistan. This species is distinguished from other Phylloporia species in a combination of hard corky consistency of basidiocarps with thick base (up to 3.5 cm) and azonate pileal surface, pores as 6–8 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system with regularly arranged, interwoven and subparallel generative hyphae, respectively, in context, tomentum and trama, and ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid and cyanophilous basidiospores (3.2-4 × 2.3-3 µm). In nLSU-based phylogeny, P. yuchengii nested within the Phylloporia clade and formed a distinct lineage with strong supports. The morphological differences between P. yuchengii and other related Phylloporia species in morphology and geography are discussed.

Background and aims – This study is a part of an ongoing survey of Hymenochetaceae (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) in the Guineo-Congolian phytogeographic region and presents a new species of Phylloporia from the lower Guinean sub-region in Southwestern Gabon.Methods – The species is described using morphological methods. DNA-based, phylogenetic analysis also are used to search for affinities.Key results – Phylloporia littoralis sp. nov. is described, based on specimens found growing from living shrubs of a Nichallea species (Rubiaceae) in a coastal, sclerophylous vegetation in Southwestern Gabon. Phylogenetic inferences using DNA sequence data from partial nuc 28S (region including the D1/D2/D3 domains) resolved this species as a distinct clade within the Phylloporia lineage, affine to Phylloporia flacourtiae, a taxon known from subtropical, eastern Asia, in China.Conclusion – Phylloporia littoralis is the sixth species of the genus described and so far only known from the lower Guinean phytogeographic sub-region in Gabon since 2015. Previously, none Phylloporia species was reported from Gabon. An identification key to the species occurring in Gabon or reported from the Guineo-Congolian phytochorion is provided.

Fomitiporella caviphila L.W. Zhou (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) sp. nova is described and illustrated from eastern China. Its perennial, resupinate and inseparable basidiocarps, thin subiculum, stratified tubes, a dimitic hyphal system, lack of setae, and brown basidiospores fit well to the current concept of Fomitiporella. The new species resembles F. cavicola by inhabiting cavities of living logs and having thick basidiocarps, but it differs by the lighter pore surface, smaller pores and smaller basidiospores. In DNA analysis, F. caviphila is nested within the clade including the generic type, F. umbrinella. The current phylogeny does not support F. caryophylli and Phylloporia resupinata as members of Fomitiporella.

Inonotus amazonicus is described and illustrated as a new species based on specimens collected in Aripuana, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and deposited in herbarium INPA 34 years ago. This species is mainly distinguished from the others in the genus by the abundant, huge tramal setae and the duplex context covered by a persistent adpressed dark brown tomentum. Besides the description of the new species, one new combination is proposed: I. calcitratus, I. luteoumbrinus and Phylloporia spathulata are reported as new to the state of Roraima, P. chrysita to the state of Amazonas and P. pectinata to the state of Rondonia. Description and illustration of the new species and keys to the species of Inonotus and Phylloporia known to Brazil are provided.

Phylloporia is a monophyletic genus within the Hymenochaetaceae as recovered by nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU) sequences. According to the summarization of 38 species accepted in this genus, Phylloporia is characterized by an absence of setae and the presence of abundant thick-walled, colored and tiny basidiospores, although its other morphological characters are highly diverse. Nine herbarium specimens from China, fitting the morphological concept of Phylloporia, were morphologically and phylogenetically studied in detail. The phylogeny inferred from nLSU sequences shows that the nine specimens formed three terminal lineages within the Phylloporia clade. Two lineages being composed of four specimens from Hainan and three from Guizhou were newly described as Phylloporia minutipora and P. radiata, respectively. In Phylloporia, P. minutipora is distinct by a combination of annual, sessile and imbricate basidiocarps, distinctly concentrically sulcate pileal surface with obtuse margin, angular pores of 12–15 per mm, duplex context separated by a black zone, a dimitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores of 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 μm, while P. radiata is distinct by a combination of annual, sessile and imbricate basidiocarps, faintly sulcate and radially striate pileal surface, sharp pileal margin, angular pores of 8–10 per mm, duplex context separated by a black zone, a monomitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores of 2.5–3.5 × 2–2.5 μm. The third lineage, comprising two specimens from Hainan, was morphologically determined as Phylloporia pulla. This species was recently combined to Phylloporia based on only morphological characters, and the current study for the first time generated its molecular sequences for phylogenetic reference. A key to all 40 species of Phylloporia is provided.

An account of the Chinese species of Hymenochaetaceae based on most recent phylogenetic analysis is presented. One hundred and seventy species from 23 genera are recognized; descriptions are provided based on the Chinese collections. Keys to genera and species are given. Phellinopsis gen. nov. is introduced. Coltricia abieticola sp. nov., Coltricia crassa sp. nov., Coltricia macropora sp. nov., Coltricia spina sp. nov., Coltriciella subglobosa sp. nov., Fuscoporia yunnanensis sp. nov. and Inonotus magnisetus sp. nov. are described here as new. Eighteen new combinations, Fulvifomes cesatii, F. chinensis, F. collinus, F. glaucescens, F. inermis, F. johnsonianus, F. kanehirae, F. macgregorii, F. minisporus, F. pullus, F. umbrinellus, Fuscoporia setifera, Inonotus lonicericola, I. tricolor, Phellinopsis conchata, P. occidentalis, Porodaedalea himalayensis and P. yamanoi are proposed. The taxonomy of all species is discussed. Spore dimensions given in this study derive from at least 30 spores of each species, and 10 386 spores were measured from 347 specimens. Two thousand specimens were examined, and they are listed after each species. Colour photos for 140 species are supplied.This report provides a modern treatment of the Hymenochaetaceae of China. To further support the results of morphology, nuclear large subunit (nuc-LSU) sequences from some typical species were selected to reconstruct their phylogeny.

Phylloporia rzedowskii and Phylloporia ulloai, both collected in tropical forests of the Sierra of the Huasteca Potosina, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, are described as new species. The main critical morphological features that characterize them are the pileus shape, the pore diameter, the basidiospores shape and size, and, possibly, their ecology, such as the host relationships (specificity/preference). Both species also form distinct clades in phylogenetic analysis based on partial DNA sequences data from the nuclear ribosomal LSU. An identification key for 10 species reported from the Americas is proposed.

During fungal surveys in a small urban Protected Area in Southern Brazil a species of Phylloporia was found with its minute basidiomata emerging from living stems of Doliocarpus schottianus. It is characterized by pileate and strikingly small basidiomata, context with a black line separating an upper tomentum, 3–7(–8) pores per mm, a monomitic hyphal system and ellipsoid basidiospores. In phylogenetic analysis based on partial nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA sequences, these specimens are resolved as a new clade within Phylloporia. The species is therefore described as P. minuta sp. nov. Ecological data (host and distribution) and the importance of small and urban protected areas are discussed

Coltricia globispora sp. nov. is described as new based on specimens collected in the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho, in the state of Rondonia, Brazilian Amazonia. It is characterized by small pores (7–8 per mm), monomitic hyphal system, and globose, smooth and guttulate basidiospores (5.5–6.6 (−7) μm). Phellinus griseoporus has been found for the first time in Brazil, and Cyclomyces iodinus, P. merrillii, P. membranaceus and P. umbrinellus in the Brazilian Amazonia. Coltricia cinnamomea, P. calcitratus and Phylloporia chrysites are new occurrences to the state Rondonia, while C. hamata and Phylloporia spathulata to the state of Para. The knowledge about Hymenochaetaceae in the Brazilian Amazonia is briefly discussed, and a key to the neotropical species of Coltricia is provided.

Ecological studies have suggested that different groups of polypore species, acting as parasites and/or saprophytes, degrade different types of woody substrates. These functional groups have different decay capabilities and hence different roles in ecosystems. The aim of this study was to describe the community (species composition and their functionality inferred on the basis of substrate preference) of wood-decaying polypores in the Atlantic Forest of Parque Nacional da Serra do Itajaí, in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The polypore specimens and data on the substrates were sampled in two plots (100×50 m). Among 152 specimens collected, 58 species were identified. Three main dominant groups were identified. The first group comprised three dominant species, the second group five subordinate species and the third 50 rare species. The species were ordered using cluster correspondence analysis based on relative frequency of the species in the different types of substrates and the mean size of the substrate where basidiomes were found. Five functional groups were recognized: two of them were formed by Phylloporia species (P. spathulata on living roots in the ground and P. chrysita on living trunk); and three others consisted of different species of different genera, each of them characterized by the presence of one dominant, few subordinate and several rare species. Estudos ecológicos têm sugerido que os diferentes grupos de espécies poliporoides, agindo como parasitas e/ou sapróitas, degradam diferentes tipos de substratos. Estes grupos funcionais têm diferente capacidade de degradação e, portanto, diferentes papeis nos ecossistemas. O objetivo este estudo foi descrever a comunidade de políporos decompositores de madeira da Mata Atlântica do Parque Nacional da Serra do Itajaí, no estado de Santa Catarina, a partir da composição de espécies e sua funcionalidade, inferida com base na “preferência” por substratos onde produzem as estruturas reprodutivas. Os dados sobre as espécies poliporoides e tipo de substratos foram amostrados em duas parcelas (100×50 m). Foram identiicadas 58 espécies entre 152 espécimes coletados. Foram identiicados três grupos principais onde o primeiro grupo apresentou três espécies dominantes, um segundo grupo com cinco espécies subordinadas e um terceiro grupo com 50 espécies raras. As espécies foram ordenadas usando uma análise de correspondência baseado na frequência relativa dos diferentes tipos de substratos e tamanho médio do substrato onde basidiomas foram encontrados. Cinco grupos funcionais foram reconhecidos: dois deles são formados por espécies de Phylloporia (P. spathulata em raízes vivas no solo e P. chrysita em tronco vivo), e três outros por outras espécies de outros gêneros, cada um deles caracterizado pela presença de uma das espécies dominantes, algumas subordinadas e várias raras.

Based on 28 taxa, including six species of Phylloporia, and respectively one representative of 17 genera of the Hymenochaetales, a phylogenetic analysis of a region of the large subunit of the nuclear encoded ribosomal DNA was performed. Molecular sequence data as well as morphological and anatomical features show the genus to be monophyletic. Next related to Phylloporia is Fulvifomes. The phylogenetic relationships of Phylloporia are discussed. In addition the genus Phylloporia is monographed; 12 species are accepted and described with a key.

A new species, Phylloporia lespedezae, is described from Shanxi Province on the basis of morphological, ecological characters and molecular evidence. It is characterized by having an annual, pileate basidiocarps with wavy edge, duplex context separated by a black line, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae, the presence of fusoid cystidioles, yellowish, broadly ellipsoid, thick-walled basidiospores, and growing on Lespedeza (Fabaceae) only. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU) strongly support P. lespedezae as a distinct species within the genus of Phylloporia. Detailed description with illustration is provided for the new species and its relationships with similar species are discussed. In addition, a key to all 41 species of Phylloporia is provided.

Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae) is a monophyletic and cosmopolitan genus with diverse morphology. In a nuc 28S rDNA-based phylogeny specimens collected from tropical China were recovered as four new lineages within the Phylloporia clade. Based on morphological evidence and host relationships, these four lineages are described and illustrated as four new species: Phylloporia clausenae, P. cylindrispora, P. flacourtiae and P. homocarnica. The distinctive morphological characters of the four new species of Phylloporia are discussed. In addition, the phylogenetic position of P. tiliae, which was recently described from China, was confirmed in the Phylloporia clade. A key is provided for all 30 accepted species of Phylloporia.

Based on 43 taxa, the relationships of the European poroid Hymenochaetales were examined by molecular sequence data of a region of the large subunit of the nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNA. The molecular data were discussed referring to morphological and anatomical features of the fruit bodies, nuclear behaviour of the vegetative mycelium, and the pattern of reproduction. As a result, the genera Phellinus s. lat. and Inonotus s. lat. are subdivided into five subunits each. The following genera are accepted: Phellinus s. str. ( P. igniarius group), Porodaedalea ( P. pini group), Fomitiporia ( P. robustus group), Fuscoporia ( P. ferruginosus and relatives, including P. torulosus and P. wahlbergii ), Phellinidium ( P. ferrugineofuscus and relatives), Phylloporia (P. ribis) and Inonotus s. str. ( I. hispidus and relatives), Inocutis ( I. rheades group), Mensularia ( I. radiatus and relatives), Pseudoinonotus gen. nov. ( I dryadeus and relatives), and Inonotopsis (I. subiculosus). Their relationships to non-European members of these groups are discussed. Onnia and Coltricia were confirmed as separate genera. Phaeolus schweinitzii was placed outside of the Hymenochaetales.

A new poroid genus with two conspicuous and common species growing on living Fabaceae trees is described from the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests biome of Brazil. Both taxa in this forest pathogen genus resemble Phellinus rimosus macroscopically, but are distinguished by a dimitic hyphal system with skeletal hyphae present only in the trama of the tube layer while the context remains monomitic, and by the ellipsoid, thick-walled, adaxially flattened, yellow basidiospores that turn chestnut brown in KOH solution. Molecular and morphological studies of Brazilian specimens macroscopically similar to the Phellinus rimosus species complex were carried out to solve their phylogenetic relationships among the Hymenochaetaceae. Phellinotus gen. nov. with P. neoaridus sp. nov. as the genus type and P. piptadeniae comb. nov. are presented and described. Phylogenetically, Phellinotus is closely related to Arambarria, Inocutis, Fomitiporella and other taxonomically unresolved terminal clades, and unrelated to Fulvifomes and Phylloporia. Phellinotus and other genera of poroid Hymenochaetaceae that lack setae or setal hyphae and produce thick-walled, colored (pale yellow to rusty brown) basidiospores form a phylogenetic group here named the ‘phellinotus clade’. Our results indicate the need to include taxa from unexplored areas in order to get a thorough understanding of the phylogeny of the Hymenochaetaceae. Fil: Drechsler Santos, Elisandro Ricardo. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Botânica. Laboratório de Micologia; Brasil Fil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Lima Júnior, Nelson. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Departamento de Micologia; Brasil Fil: Malosso, Elaine. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Departamento de Micologia; Brasil Fil: Reck, Matheus. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Botânica. Laboratório de Micologia; Brasil Fil: Gibertoni, Tatiana. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Departamento de Micologia; Brasil Fil: Calvacanti, María de Queiroz. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Departamento de Micologia; Brasil Fil: Rajchenberg, Mario. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina

During a taxonomic revision of species belonging to Phylloporia, some collections from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil previously determined as P. spathulata had morphological discrepancies in comparison to the type material of this taxon. Both molecular phylogenetic and morphological analysis revealed them to be two distinct species, described here as Phylloporia elegans sp. nov. and P. nodostipitata sp. nov. They mainly differ from P. spathulata by having reviving basidiomata with smaller pores and basidiospores. Phylloporia nodostipitata develops caespitose basidiomata with a knotted and flexuous stipe and a tomentose pileal surface. Phylloporia elegans develops solitary basidiomata with a cylindrical and straight stipe and a plagiotrichoderm pileal surface. Both species are described, illustrated, discussed and compared with Phylloporia spathulata based on a study of the type. Phylloporia spathulata sensu stricto is presented based on its basionym type material. Fil: Ferreira Lopes, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Arduvino Reck, Mateus. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; Brasil Fil: Góes Neto, Aristóteles. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Brasil Fil: Drechsler Dos Santos, Elisandro Ricardo. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; Brasil

Species of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) are polypores with tiny, yellowish and thick-walled basidiospores and are highly divergent in morphology. The monophyly of 35 cosmopolitan isolates of Phylloporia was strongly supported based on analysis of the nLSU rDNA gene but with exclusion of P. resupinata. Among the 19 lineages recognized in the nLSU rDNA phylogeny five new species from China, Phylloporia crataegi, P. fontanesiae, P. gutta, P. nandinae and P. oreophila, were revealed and these species are introduced with additional morphological evidence. A diagnostic key to all 23 thus far accepted species in Phylloporia is provided.

The classification of Phellinus s.l., Inonotus s.l. and the phylogenetic relationships of allied genera were studied using nuc-lsu rDNA sequence data. The worldwide taxon sampling comprised 107 species, 99 of them belonging to the Hymenochaetales. The phylogenetic trees were discussed in relation to morphological and anatomical features of the fruit bodies. The Hymenochaetales formed no monophyletic group and several non-Hymenochaetales appeared as intermingled with the Hymenochaetales. Trichaptum abietinum and Oxyporus populinus showed no certain affinities within the Hymenochaetales, whereas Basidioradulum radula was closely related to Phellopilus nigrolimitatus, and Hyphodontia quercina and Schizopora paradoxa were related to Coltricia, Coltriciella and Pyrrhoderma adamantinum. Phellinus s.l. and Inonotus s.l. formed no monophyletic groups, and a subdivision in the following genera is accepted: Phellinus s.s., Inonotus s.s., Inocutis, Fomitiporella, Aurificaria, Phylloporia, Fulvifomes, Mensularia, Pseudoinonotus, Fomitiporia, Porodaedalea, Onnia, Fuscoporia, and Inonotopsis. Coltricia and Coltriciella were confirmed as seperate genera. The taxonomic status of Phellinidium and Pyrrhoderma remained uncertain. 16 new combinations are proposed.

In the survey of polypores from Morro Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, accomplished from March 2007 to March 2009, 44 species were identified. Identification keys and remarks about all the species are given. Full descriptions and illustrations of Datronia caperata, Junghuhnia polycystidifera, Oxyporus obducens, Phellinus umbrinellus, Phylloporia frutica and Tinctoporellus epimiltinus are presented. Tinctoporellus epimiltinus is a new records from Rio Grande do Sul. No levantamento de fungos poróides do Morro Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, realizado entre os meses de março de 2007 e março de 2009, 44 espécies foram identificadas. São apresentadas chaves de identificação e comentários sobre todas as espécies. Descrições completas e ilustrações de Datronia caperata, Junghuhnia polycystidifera, Oxyporus obducens, Phellinus umbrinellus, Phylloporia frutica e Tinctoporellus epimiltinus são apresentadas.Tinctoporellus epimiltinus é uma nova citação para o Rio Grande do Sul.

Hymenochaetaceae, belonging to Hymenochaetales and accommodating around 500 species, is one of the largest families in Basidiomycota (Kirk et al. 2008). Traditionally, poroid species in Hymenochaetaceae are mainly placed in Inonotus P. Karst. sensu lato and Phellinus Quél. sensu lato. To make a more natural taxonomic system, some small genera were segregated from the two large genera, and support for most of them was confirmed by later phylogenetic evidence (Wagner & Fischer 2002). Of the currently accepted genera, Fomitiporella Murrill, Fulvifomes Murrill and Phylloporia Murrill have species bearing non-stipitate basidiomes, no setae and colored basidiospores (Zhou & Dai 2012, Zhou 2014a, b). Several species in Inonotus sensu stricto also have these features. Therefore, it is hard to decide in which genus certain species should belong, based solely on morphological features. For this work, I performed phylogenetic analyses from nLSU and ITS sequences to explore the phylogenetic relationships of some species as discussed above, including Inonotus tenuissimus H.Y. Yu, C.L. Zhao & Y.C. Dai, Fomitiporella caryophylli (Racib.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Fulvifomes chinensis (Pilát) Y.C. Dai, Fulvifomes inermis (Ellis & Everh.) Y.C. Dai and Phylloporia resupinata Douanla-Meli & Ryvarden. Their taxonomic positions at generic level were also discussed considering morphology.

Chlorinated anisyl metabolites (CAM) were detected in ethyl acetate extracts from the culture medium of species of seven basidiomycete genera including, for the first time, Mycena, Peniophora, Phellinus and Phylloporia . Extension of CAM biosynthesis in Bjerkandera (B. fumosa), Hypholoma (H. elongatum) and Pholiota (P. adiposa) is a new finding. The selective and high-yield production of 3,5-dichloro- p anisyl alcohol by H. elongatum is remarkable.

Phylloporia nouraguensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of several collections made in French Guiana. The species was found growing on living (or occasionally dead), small apical twigs of a species of Myrcia (Myrtaceae), in the so-called "low forest" covering the upper slopes of the Nouragues inselberg. Fil: Decock, Cony. Universite Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica Fil: Amalfi, Mario. Universite Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica Fil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina Fil: Castillo, Gabriel. Université de Liège; Bélgica

Chave para gêneros de poliporáceos xantocróicos. Os poliporáceos xantocróicos (sen. str.) são tipicamente castanho-amarelados, tornando-se permanentemente denegridos em KOH, possuem sistema hifálico monomítico ou dimítico, ansas e cistídios ausentes: hifas setiformes e/ou setas himeniais podem estar presentes, os esporos são Usos e de reação amilóide negativa; quando lignícolos, causam típica podridão branca na madeira. O grupo é carcterizado e cada gênero é descrito com lista de smônimos. Os gêneros aceitos são: Coltricia, Coltriciopsis, Fomitiporella, Inonotus, Phellinus e Phylloporia. Coltriciopsis é descrito como gênero novo.A key to the genera of the xanthochroic polypores. The xanthochromic polypores (sen. str.) are typically yellowish-brown, becoming permanently blackish in KOH, hyphal system monomitic or dimitic, clamp connections and cystidia absent; setiform hyphae and or hymenial setae may be present; spores smooth, IKI negative; when hgnicolous cause typical white rot. The group is characterized and each genus is described with synonyms. The accepted genera are: Coltricia, Coltriciopsis, Fomitiporella, Inonotus, Phellinus and Phylloporia. Coltriciopsis is described as a new genus.

Species of the wood-decay genus Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) are widely distributed in the tropics. Phylloporia species are, however, morphologically and ecologically diverse, which makes morphology-based species identification challenging. In this study, we re-examined species of Phylloporia reported from Benin (West Africa). Using an integrative approach combining morphology, ecology, and phylogenetic analyses, we describe Phylloporia beninensis sp. nov. and report Phylloporia littoralis for the first time outside of its type locality. Phylloporia beninensis sp. nov. is characterized by its annual and imbricate basidiomata, duplex context with a black zone separating the upper context from the lower one, dimitic hyphal system, presence of cystidioles, basidia of 9–12 × 4–5 μm, and subglobose to ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 3–4.6 × 2.1–3.6 μm. Detailed descriptions with illustrations for the new species are provided. With the addition of the new species, 15 Phylloporia species are now known to occur in tropical Africa. Our discovery of a new Phylloporia species in Benin should stimulate further mycological investigations in tropical African ecosystems to discover other new polypore species. To facilitate further taxonomy studies on tropical African Phylloporia taxa, a key to the known tropical African species is provided.