Author: "Phua Hwee Pin" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

17 results on '"Phua Hwee Pin"'

1. Glycated haemoglobin trajectories and one-year risk of potentially avoidable hospitalisations among adult patients with type 2 diabetes from specialist outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital: A cohort study

Author: Htun, Htet Lin, Lian, Weixiang, Phua, Hwee Pin, Lim, Moses Yidong, Quek, Timothy Peng Lim, Chew, Daniel Ek Kwang, and Lim, Wei-Yen
Published: 2023
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2. DYNAMIC cohort study evaluating metabolic predictors of influenza vaccine immune response in older adults

Author: Sadarangani, Sapna P., Young, Barnaby E., Lian, Weixiang, Phua, Hwee Pin, Chen, Mark I.-C., Barr, Ian, Yeo, Tsin Wen, Dalan, Rinkoo, and Chow, Angela
Published: 2022
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3. FRI-295 Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Author: Liew, Ian Yang, primary, Phua, Hwee Pin, additional, Lim, Wei Yen, additional, Chow, Angela, additional, Loo, Xiu Ying, additional, Sim, Kevin, additional, Lee, Eng Sing, additional, and Yew, Kuo Chao, additional
Published: 2024
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4. Visit‐to‐visit HbA1c variability and risk of potentially avoidable hospitalisations in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving outpatient care at a tertiary hospital.

Author: Htun, Htet Lin, Lian, Weixiang, Phua, Hwee Pin, Lim, Moses Yidong, Chew, Daniel Ek Kwang, Quek, Timothy Peng Lim, and Lim, Wei‐Yen
Abstract: Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between long‐term visit‐to‐visit within‐person HbA1c variability and hospitalisation outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We conducted a cohort study at a tertiary hospital in Singapore involving people aged 21 to 101 years with T2D who had ≥3 HbA1c tests over 2 years. HbA1c variability was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM) and HbA1c variability score (HVS). A 1‐year follow‐up was performed after the last HbA1c measurement to identify all‐cause and potentially avoidable hospitalisations (PAH), categorised as overall, acute, chronic and diabetes composites. Results: The study included 14 923 patients (mean age: 62.9 ± 12.9 years; 55% male). The median HbA1c variability was 8.6% CV (IQR: 5.1–14.3). Higher quartiles of HbA1c variability were associated with greater risks of PAH and all‐cause hospitalisations, independent of glycaemic control. Compared to Q1, for example, the risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals for diabetes‐related PAH based on HbA1c CV were as follows: Q2, 1.32 (0.93–1.88); Q3, 1.65 (1.18–2.31) and Q4, 2.16 (1.54–3.03). For all‐cause hospitalisations, they were as follows: Q2, 0.97 (0.90–1.05); Q3, 1.08 (1.00–1.17) and Q4, 1.16 (1.07–1.26). When stratified by glycaemic control, elevated risk of PAH persisted even in those with optimal glycaemic control. Consistent findings were observed using HbA1c VIM and HVS measures. Conclusions: In individuals receiving care at specialist outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital, HbA1c variability is associated with a higher risk of PAH. Comprehensive diabetes management strategies addressing both glycaemic control and variability may offer benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2025
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5. Applying Gravity model to predict demand of public hospital beds

Author: Teow, Kiok Liang, Tan, Kelvin Bryan, Phua, Hwee Pin, and Zhu, Zhecheng
Published: 2018
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6. Impact of an ageing population on the intensive care unit

Author: Ho, Sharlene, primary, Phua, Hwee Pin, additional, Lim, Wei-Ye, additional, Mahalingam, Niranjana, additional, and Lew, Jin Wen Sennen, additional
Published: 2023
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7. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author: Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Alexander, Lily, Anderson, H Ross, Bachman, Victoria F, Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Casey, Daniel, Coates, Matthew M, Cohen, Aaron, Delwiche, Kristen, Estep, Kara, Frostad, Joseph J, KC, Astha, Kyu, Hmwe H, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Ng, Marie, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Thomas, Bernadette A, Wagner, Joseph, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Abbafati, Cristiana, Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Biju, Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Aburto, Tania C, Achoki, Tom, Adelekan, Ademola, Adofo, Koranteng, Adou, Arsène K, Adsuar, José C, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Al Khabouri, Mazin J, Al Lami, Faris H, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alegretti, Miguel A, Aleman, Alicia V, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Mohammed K, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Peter J, Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Ameli, Omid, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsenijevic, Valentina S Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J, Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S, Atkinson, Charles, Avila, Marco A, Awuah, Baffour, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C, Bakfalouni, Talal, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balu, Ravi Kumar, Banerjee, Amitava, Barber, Ryan M, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basto-Abreu, Ana C, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basulaiman, Mohammed O, Ruvalcaba, Carolina Batis, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L, Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A, Benzian, Habib, Bernabé, Eduardo, Beyene, Tariku J, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Boris, Abdulhak, Aref A Bin, Blore, Jed D, Blyth, Fiona M, Bohensky, Megan A, Başara, Berrak Bora, Borges, Guilherme, Bornstein, Natan M, Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J, Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D M, Broday, David M, Brooks, Peter M, Bruce, Nigel G, Brugha, Traolach S, Brunekreef, Bert, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bui, Linh N, Bukhman, Gene, Bulloch, Andrew G, Burch, Michael, Burney, Peter G J, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano, Julio C, Cantoral, Alejandra J, Caravanos, Jack, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cardis, Elisabeth, Carpenter, David O, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung-chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chen, Zhengming, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christophi, Costas A, Chuang, Ting-Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S, Cirillo, Massimo, Claßen, Thomas KD, Colistro, Valentina, Colomar, Mercedes, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Contreras, Alejandra G, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cooper, Leslie T, Coresh, Josef, Courville, Karen J, Criqui, Michael H, Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damsere-Derry, James, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Dayama, Anand, de Castro, E Filipa, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, de Lima, Graça, Degenhardt, Louisa, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C Des, Dessalegn, Muluken, deVeber, Gabrielle A, Devries, Karen M, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Durrani, Adnan M, Ebel, Beth E, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Elshrek, Yousef M, Endres, Matthias, Ermakov, Sergey P, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F J, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferri, Cleusa P, Flaxman, Abraham D, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Paleo, Urbano Fra, Franklin, Richard C, Gabbe, Belinda, Gaffikin, Lynne, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpé, Fortuné G, Gansevoort, Ron T, García-Guerra, Francisco A, Gasana, Evariste, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Pete, Gibney, Katherine B, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim A M, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goginashvili, Ketevan, Dantes, Hector Gomez, Gona, Philimon, de Cosio, Teresita Gonzalez, González-Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Guerrant, Richard L, Gugnani, Harish C, Guillemin, Francis, Gunnell, David, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Hagstromer, Maria, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Haregu, Tilahun Nigatu, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Heredia-Pi, Ileana B, Hernandez, Lucia, Heuton, Kyle R, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hornberger, John C, Hosgood, H Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J, Hubbell, Bryan J, Huiart, Laetitia, Husseini, Abdullatif, Iannarone, Marissa L, Iburg, Kim M, Idrisov, Bulat T, Ikeda, Nayu, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Ismayilova, Samaya, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jansen, Henrica A, Jarvis, Deborah L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jayaraman, Sudha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Fan, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B, Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Roseline, Sidibe S Kany, Karam, Nadim E, Karch, André, Karema, Corine K, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan, Khan, Ejaz A, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khonelidze, Irma, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinge, Jonas M, Kissela, Brett M, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kose, M Rifat, Kosen, Soewarta, Kraemer, Alexander, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kromhout, Hans, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Lai, Taavi, Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis O, Lavados, Pablo M, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Jong-Tae, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lindsay, M Patrice, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Logroscino, Giancarlo, London, Stephanie J, Lopez, Nancy, Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Jixiang, Ma, Stefan, Machado, Vasco M P, MacIntyre, Michael F, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahdi, Abbas A, Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mangalam, Srikanth, Mapoma, Christopher C, Marape, Marape, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David J, Margono, Christopher, Marks, Guy B, Martin, Randall V, Marzan, Melvin B, Mashal, Mohammad T, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mazorodze, Tasara T, McKay, Abigail C, McKee, Martin, McLain, Abigail, Meaney, Peter A, Medina, Catalina, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A, Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Santosh, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan A, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen L, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio C Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moore, Ami R, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Mullany, Erin C, Murthy, Kinnari S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nahas, Ziad, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nash, Denis, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P, Newton, Charles R, Ngalesoni, Frida N, de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Nhung T, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J, Nisar, Muhammad I, Nogueira, José R, Nolla, Joan M, Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olusanya, Bolajoko O, Omer, Saad B, Opio, John Nelson, Orozco, Ricardo, Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S, Jr., Pain, Amanda W, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Panelo, Carlo Irwin A, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patten, Scott B, Paul, Vinod K, Pavlin, Boris I, Pearce, Neil, Pedraza, Lilia S, Pedroza, Andrea, Stokic, Ljiljana Pejin, Pekericli, Ayfer, Pereira, David M, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Perry, Samuel A L, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Phua, Hwee Pin, Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Pope, C Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Pourmalek, Farshad, Powles, John, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M, Qato, Dima M, Quezada, Amado D, Quistberg, D Alex A, Racapé, Lionel, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Raju, Murugesan, Rakovac, Ivo, Rana, Saleem M, Rao, Mayuree, Razavi, Homie, Reddy, K Srinath, Refaat, Amany H, Rehm, Jürgen, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Riccio, Patricia M, Richardson, Lee, Riederer, Anne, Robinson, Margaret, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Romieu, Isabelle, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M, Rushton, Lesley, Sabin, Nsanzimana, Sacco, Ralph L, Saha, Sukanta, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvo, Deborah, Sampson, Uchechukwu K, Sanabria, Juan R, Sanchez, Luz Maria, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Sapkota, Amir, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saunders, James E, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I, Scarborough, Peter, Schmidt, Jürgen C, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shaddick, Gavin, Shahraz, Saeid, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Hwashin H, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga D, Silberberg, Donald H, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stapelberg, Nicolas J C, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stephens, Natalie, Stöckl, Heidi, Straif, Kurt, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sturua, Lela, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto T, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Te Ao, Braden J, Teixeira, Carolina M, Téllez Rojo, Martha M, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Texcalac-Sangrador, José Luis, Thackway, Sarah V, Thomson, Blake, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Fotis, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X, Trasande, Leonardo, Trillini, Matias, Trujillo, Ulises, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uzun, Selen B, van de Vijver, Steven, Van Dingenen, Rita, van Gool, Coen H, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi J, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N, Vavilala, Monica S, Veerman, Lennert J, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Villalpando, Salvador, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Waller, Stephen G, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, JianLi, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Wenzhi, Wang, Yanping, Warouw, Tati S, Watts, Charlotte H, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Wessells, K Ryan, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Hywel C, Williams, Thomas N, Woldeyohannes, Solomon M, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wong, John Q, Woolf, Anthony D, Wright, Jonathan L, Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yang, Gonghuan, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yenesew, Muluken, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younoussi, Zourkaleini, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Shankuan, Zou, Xiaonong, Zunt, Joseph R, Lopez, Alan D, Vos, Theo, and Murray, Christopher J
Published: 2015
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8. Effectiveness of twice daily oil‐based moisturizer in preventing skin dryness among healthcare workers

Author: Lim, Dwee Wee, primary, Phua, Hwee Pin, additional, Ho, Yeng May, additional, Lee, Lay Tin, additional, and Chow, Angela, additional
Published: 2022
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9. Health-related quality of life in a multiracial Asian interstitial lung disease cohort

Author: Phua, Grace, primary, Tan, Geak Poh, additional, Phua, Hwee Pin, additional, Lim, Wei-Yen, additional, Neo, Han-Yee, additional, and Chai, Gin Tsen, additional
Published: 2022
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10. Sepsis, cardiovascular events and short-term mortality risk in critically ill patients

Author: Ho, Sharlene, primary, Phua, Hwee Pin, additional, Lim, Wei-Yen, additional, Mahalingam, Niranjana, additional, Tan, Guan Hao Chester, additional, Puah, Ser Hon, additional, and Lew, Jin Wen Sennen, additional
Published: 2022
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11. Epidemiology and economic burden of bronchiectasis requiring hospitalisation in Singapore

Author: Phua, Hwee Pin, primary, Lim, Wei-Yen, additional, Ganesan, Ganga, additional, Yoong, Joanne, additional, Tan, Kelvin Bryan, additional, Abisheganaden, John Arputhan, additional, and Lim, Albert Yick Hou, additional
Published: 2021
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12. Infectivity of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19

Author: Vernon J. Lee, Teoh Yee Leong, Cheryl Sy Heng, Andrew Arjun Sayampanathan, Junxiong Pang, and Phua Hwee Pin
Subjects: Infectivity, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Pediatrics, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, General Medicine, Pathogenicity, Asymptomatic, Epidemiology, Correspondence, medicine, Humans, Potential source, medicine.symptom, business, Asymptomatic Infections
Abstract: Asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 are a potential source of substantial spread within the community setting.1Kronbichler A Kresse D Yoon S Lee KH Effenberger M Shin JI Asymptomatic patients as a source of COVID-19 infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Int J of Inf Dis. 2020; 98: 180-186Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar However, little information is available about the infectivity and epidemiological significance of people with asymptomatic COVID-19.2Gao M Yang L Chen X et al.A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers.Respiratory Medicine. 2020; 169: 1-5Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (26) Google Scholar
Published: 2021
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13. Singapore’s Experience with Digital Technology in COVID-19 Epidemiological Investigations and Outbreak Management (Preprint)

Author: Sayampanathan, Andrew Arjun, primary, Wong, Abigail W L, additional, Phua, Hwee Pin, additional, Pang, Junxiong, additional, Teoh, Yee Leong, additional, and Lee, Vernon J, additional
Published: 2021
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14. Effectiveness of twice daily oil‐based moisturizer in preventing skin dryness among healthcare workers.

Author: Lim, Dwee Wee, Phua, Hwee Pin, Ho, Yeng May, Lee, Lay Tin, and Chow, Angela
Subjects: *MEDICAL personnel, *HAND care & hygiene
Abstract: Occupational irritant hand dermatitis is the most common occupational skin disease, which is highly prevalent among healthcare workers (HCWs)c.[[1]] Use of moisturizers before, during and after work prevent hand dermatitis by restoring the disrupted skin barrier and providing a thin layer of protection from irritants.[[3]] Existing studies had used various regimes and types of moisturizers, and some were conducted in a simulated or non-healthcare setting which do not represent HCWs' real-life irritants exposure and use of moisturizers.[[4], [6]] We aimed to study the effectiveness of an oil-based moisturizer applied twice daily in preventing skin dryness among HCWs, while not disrupting their work activities. Effectiveness of twice daily oil-based moisturizer in preventing skin dryness among healthcare workers More frequent moisturizer application or combination with water-based moisturizer use during work may be required to protect healthcare workers from hand dermatitis. [Extracted from the article]
Published: 2023
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15. Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment

Author: Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, G, Carnahan, E, Stevens, G, Cowan, M, Farzadfar, F, Lin, J, Finucane, M, Rao, M, Khang, Y, Riley, L, Arian, D, Lim, S, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, N, Rahim, H, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, M, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Salinas, C, Agyemang, C, Ali, M, Al-Nsour, M, Al-Nuaim, A, Ambady, R, Angelantonio, E, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, B, Bahalim, A, Barbagallo, C, Barbieri, M, Barceló, A, Barreto, S, Barros, H, Bautista, L, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Bonora, E, Botana, M, Bovet, P, Breckenkamp, J, Breteler, M, Broda, G, Brown, I, Bursztyn, M, de León, A, Campos, H, Cappuccio, F, Capuano, V, Casiglia, E, Castellano, M, Castetbon, K, Cea, L, Chang, C, Chaouki, N, Chatterji, S, Chen, C, Chen, Z, Choi, J, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Cobiac, L, Cooper, R, Corsi, A, Costanza, M, Craig, C, Dankner, R, Dastgiri, S, Delgado, E, Dinc, G, Doi, Y, Dong, G, Dorsi, E, Dragano, N, Drewnowski, A, Eggertsen, R, Elliott, P, Engeland, A, Erem, C, Esteghamati, A, Fall, C, Fan, J, Ferreccio, C, Fezeu, L, Firmo, J, Florez, H, Fornés, N, Fowkes, F, Franceschini, G, Frisk, F, Fuchs, F, Fuller, E, Getz, L, Giampaoli, S, Gómez, L, Gomez-Zumaquero, J, Iversen, S, Grant, J, Carvajal, R, Gulliford, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, P, Gureje, O, Gutierrez, H, Hansen, T, Hata, J, He, J, Heim, N, Heinrich, J, Hemmingsson, T, Hennis, A, Herman, W, Herrera, V, Ho, S, Holdsworth, M, Frisman, G, Hopman, W, Hussain, A, Husseini, A, Ibrahim, M, Ikeda, N, Jacobsen, B, Jaddou, H, Jafar, T, Janghorbani, M, Jasienska, G, Joffres, M, Jonas, J, Kadiki, O, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kamadjeu, R, Kaptoge, S, Karalis, I, Kastarinen, M, Katz, J, Keinan-Boker, L, Kelly, P, Khalilzadeh, O, Kiechl, S, Kim, K, Kiyohara, Y, Kobayashi, J, Krause, M, Kubínová, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, Y, Lam, T, Langhammer, A, Lawes, C, Le, C, Lee, J, Lévy-Marchal, C, Lewington, S, Li, Y, Lim, T, Lin, X, Lin, C, Lin, H, Lind, L, Lissner, L, Liu, X, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lorbeer, R, Ma, G, Ma, S, Macià, F, Maclean, D, Maggi, S, Magliano, D, Makdisse, M, Mancia, G, Mannami, T, Marques-Vidal, P, Mbanya, J, McFarlane-Anderson, N, Miccoli, R, Miettola, J, Minh, H, Miquel, J, Miranda, J, Mohamed, M, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mokdad, A, Mollentze, W, Morales, D, Morgan, K, Lorenza M Muiesan, N, Muntoni, S, Nabipour, I, Nakagami, T, Nangia, V, Nemesure, B, Neovius, M, Nerhus, K, Nervi, F, Neuhauser, H, Nguyen, M, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Oh, S, Ohkubo, T, Olivieri, O, Önal, A, Onat, A, Oróstegui, M, Ouedraogo, H, Pan, W, Panagiotakos, D, Panza, F, Park, Y, Passos, V, Pednekar, M, Pelizzari, P, Peres, M, Cynthia Pérez, N, Pérez-Fernández, R, Pichardo, R, Phua, H, Pistelli, F, Plans, P, Polakowska, M, Poulter, N, Prabhakaran, D, Qiao, Q, Rafiei, M, Raitakari, O, Ramos, L, Rampal, S, Rampal, L, Rasmussen, F, Reddy, K, Redon, J, Revilla, L, Reyes-García, V, Roaeid, R, Robinson, C, Rodriguez-Artalejo, F, Rojas-Martinez, R, Ronkainen, K, Rosero-Bixby, L, Roth, G, Sachdev, H, Sánchez, J, Sanisoglu, S, Sans, S, Sarraf-Zadegan, N, Scazufca, M, Schaan, B, Schapochnik, N, Schelleman, H, Schneider, I, Schooling, C, Schwarz, B, Sekuri, C, Sereday, M, Serra-Majem, L, Shaw, J, Shera, A, Shi, Z, Shiri, R, Shu, X, Silva, D, Silva, E, Simons, L, Smith, M, Söderberg, S, Soebardi, S, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soysal, A, Stattin, P, Stein, A, Stergiou, G, Stessman, J, Sudo, A, Suka, M, Sundh, V, Sundquist, K, Sundström, J, Swai, A, Tai, E, Tambs, K, Tesfaye, F, Thomas, G, Thorogood, M, Tilvis, R, Tobias, M, Torheim, L, Trenkwalder, P, Tuomilehto, J, Tur, J, Tzourio, C, Uhernik, A, Ukoli, F, Unwin, N, Hoorn, S, Vanderpump, M, Varo, J, Veierød, M, Velásquez-Meléndez, G, Verschuren, M, Viet, L, Villalpando, S, Vioque, J, Vollenweider, P, Volpato, S, Wang, N, Wang, Y, Ward, M, Waspadji, S, Lennart X Welin, N, Whitlock, G, Wilhelmsen, L, Willeit, J, Woodward, M, Wormser, D, André J Xavier, N, Xu, F, Xu, L, Yamamoto, A, Yang, G, Yang, X, Yeh, L, Yoon, J, You, Q, Yu, Z, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zheng, W, Zhou, M, Danaei, Goodarz, Lu, Yuan, Singh, Gitanjali M, Carnahan, Emily, Stevens, Gretchen A, Cowan, Melanie J, Farzadfar, Farshad, Lin, John K, Finucane, Mariel M, Rao, Mayuree, Khang, Young-Ho, Riley, Leanne M, Arian, Dariush Mozaff, Lim, Stephen S, Ezzati, Majid, Aamodt, Geir, Abdeen, Ziad, Abdella, Nabila A, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Addo, Juliet, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afifi, Mustafa M, Agabiti-Rosei, Enrico, Salinas, Carlos A Aguilar, Agyemang, Charles, Ali, Mohammed K, Ali, Mohamed M, Al-Nsour, Mohannad, Al-Nuaim, Abdul R, Ambady, Ramachandran, Angelantonio, Emanuele Di, Aro, Pertti, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahalim, Adil N, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barbieri, Marco A, Barceló, Alberto, Barreto, Sandhi M, Barros, Henrique, Bautista, Leonelo E, Benetos, Athanase, Bjerregaard, Peter, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Bonora, Enzo, Botana, Manuel A, Bovet, Pascal, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breteler, Monique M, Broda, Grazyna, Brown, Ian J, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Campos, Hannia, Cappuccio, Francesco P, Capuano, Vincenzo, Casiglia, Edoardo, Castellano, Maurizio, Castetbon, Katia, Cea, Luis, Chang, Chih-Jen, Chaouki, Noureddine, Chatterji, Somnath, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Zhengming, Choi, Jin-Su, Chua, Lily, Cífková, Renata, Cobiac, Linda J, Cooper, Richard S, Corsi, Anna Maria, Costanza, Michael C, Craig, Cora L, Dankner, Rachel S, Dastgiri, Saeed, Delgado, Elias, Dinc, Gonul, Doi, Yasufumi, Dong, Guang-Hui, Dorsi, Eleonora, Dragano, Nico, Drewnowski, Adam, Eggertsen, Robert, Elliott, Paul, Engeland, Anders, Erem, Cihangir, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fall, Caroline H D, Fan, Jian-Gao, Ferreccio, Catterina, Fezeu, Leopold, Firmo, Josélia O, Florez, Hermes J, Fornés, Nélida S, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franceschini, Guido, Frisk, Fredrik, Fuchs, Flávio D, Fuller, Eva L, Getz, Linn, Giampaoli, Simona, Gómez, Luis F, Gomez-Zumaquero, Juan M, Iversen, Sidsel Graff, Grant, Janet F, Carvajal, Ramiro Guerrero, Gulliford, Martin C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Prakash C, Gureje, Oye, Gutierrez, Hialy R, Hansen, Tine W, Hata, Jun, He, Jiang, Heim, Noor, Heinrich, Joachim, Hemmingsson, Tomas, Hennis, Anselm, Herman, William H, Herrera, Victor M, Ho, Suzanne, Holdsworth, Michelle, Frisman, Gunilla Hollman, Hopman, Wilma M, Hussain, Akhtar, Husseini, Abdullatif, Ibrahim, M Mohsen, Ikeda, Nayu, Jacobsen, Bjarne K, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen H, Janghorbani, Mohsen, Jasienska, Grazyna, Joffres, Michel R, Jonas, Jost B, Kadiki, Othman A, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamadjeu, Raoul M, Kaptoge, Stephen, Karalis, Ioannis, Kastarinen, Mika J, Katz, Joanne, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Kelly, Paul, Khalilzadeh, Omid, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Ki Woong, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Kobayashi, Junji, Krause, Maressa P, Kubínová, Ružena, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Lam, Tai H, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lawes, Carlene M M, Le, Cai, Lee, Jeannette, Lévy-Marchal, Claire, Lewington, Sarah, Li, Yanping, Li, Yuqiu, Lim, T O, Lin, Xu, Lin, Cheng-Chieh, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lind, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Liu, Xiaoqing, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Lorbeer, Roberto, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Stefan, Macià, Francesc, Maclean, David R, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Makdisse, Marcia, Mancia, Giuseppe, Mannami, Toshifumi, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane-Anderson, Norma, Miccoli, Roberto, Miettola, Juhani, Minh, Hoang V, Miquel, Juan F, Miranda, J Jaime, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohan, V., Mohanna, Salim, Mokdad, Ali, Mollentze, Willem F, Morales, Dante D, Morgan, Karen, Lorenza M Muiesan, null, Muntoni, Sergio, Nabipour, Iraj, Nakagami, Tomoko, Nangia, Vinay, Nemesure, Barbara, Neovius, Martin, Nerhus, Kjersti A, Nervi, Flavio, Neuhauser, Hannelore, Nguyen, Minh, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Noale, Marianna, Oh, Sang W, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivieri, Oliviero, önal, Ayse Emel, Onat, Altan, Oróstegui, Myriam, Ouedraogo, Hermann, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B, Panza, Francesco, Park, Yongsoo, Passos, Valeria M A, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Pelizzari, Pamela M, Peres, Marco A, Cynthia Pérez, null, Pérez-Fernández, Román, Pichardo, Rafael, Phua, Hwee Pin, Pistelli, Francesco, Plans, Pedro, Polakowska, Maria, Poulter, Neil, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Qiao, Qing, Rafiei, Masoud, Raitakari, Olli T, Ramos, Luiz R, Rampal, Sanjay, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rasmussen, Finn, Reddy, Kanala K R, Redon, Josep, Revilla, Luis, Reyes-García, Victoria, Roaeid, Ragab B, Robinson, Carolyn A, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosero-Bixby, Luis, Roth, Gregory A, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sánchez, José R, Sanisoglu, Selim Y, Sans, Susana, Sarraf-Zadegan, Nizal, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schapochnik, Norberto, Schelleman, Hedi, Schneider, Ione J C, Schooling, C Mary, Schwarz, Bernhard, Sekuri, Cevad, Sereday, Martha S, Serra-Majem, Lluís, Shaw, Jonathan, Shera, Abdul S, Shi, Zumin, Shiri, Rahman, Shu, Xiao Ou, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Eglé, Simons, Leon A, Smith, Margaret, Söderberg, Stefan, Soebardi, Suharko, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soysal, Ahmet, Stattin, Pär, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Sudo, Akihiro, Suka, Machi, Sundh, Valter, Sundquist, Kristina, Sundström, Johan, Swai, Andrew B, Tai, E Shyong, Tambs, Kristian, Tesfaye, Fikru, Thomas, George N, Thorogood, Margaret, Tilvis, Reijo S, Tobias, Martin, Torheim, Liv E, Trenkwalder, Peter, Tuomilehto, Jaakko O, Tur, Josep A, Tzourio, Christophe, Uhernik, Ana I, Ukoli, Flora A, Unwin, Nigel, Hoorn, Stephen Vander, Vanderpump, Mark P, Varo, Jose Javier, Veierød, Marit B, Velásquez-Meléndez, Gustavo, Verschuren, Monique, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vioque, Jesus, Vollenweider, Peter, Volpato, Stefano, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Ya X, Ward, Mark, Waspadji, Sarwono, Lennart X Welin, null, Whitlock, Gary, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Willeit, Johann, Woodward, Mark, Wormser, David, André J Xavier, null, Xu, Fei, Xu, Liang, Yamamoto, Akira, Yang, Gonghuan, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yeh, Li-Chia, Yoon, Jin-Sang, You, Qisheng, Yu, Zhijie, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Lei, Zheng, Wei, Zhou, Maigeng, Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, G, Carnahan, E, Stevens, G, Cowan, M, Farzadfar, F, Lin, J, Finucane, M, Rao, M, Khang, Y, Riley, L, Arian, D, Lim, S, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, N, Rahim, H, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, M, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Salinas, C, Agyemang, C, Ali, M, Al-Nsour, M, Al-Nuaim, A, Ambady, R, Angelantonio, E, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, B, Bahalim, A, Barbagallo, C, Barbieri, M, Barceló, A, Barreto, S, Barros, H, Bautista, L, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Bonora, E, Botana, M, Bovet, P, Breckenkamp, J, Breteler, M, Broda, G, Brown, I, Bursztyn, M, de León, A, Campos, H, Cappuccio, F, Capuano, V, Casiglia, E, Castellano, M, Castetbon, K, Cea, L, Chang, C, Chaouki, N, Chatterji, S, Chen, C, Chen, Z, Choi, J, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Cobiac, L, Cooper, R, Corsi, A, Costanza, M, Craig, C, Dankner, R, Dastgiri, S, Delgado, E, Dinc, G, Doi, Y, Dong, G, Dorsi, E, Dragano, N, Drewnowski, A, Eggertsen, R, Elliott, P, Engeland, A, Erem, C, Esteghamati, A, Fall, C, Fan, J, Ferreccio, C, Fezeu, L, Firmo, J, Florez, H, Fornés, N, Fowkes, F, Franceschini, G, Frisk, F, Fuchs, F, Fuller, E, Getz, L, Giampaoli, S, Gómez, L, Gomez-Zumaquero, J, Iversen, S, Grant, J, Carvajal, R, Gulliford, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, P, Gureje, O, Gutierrez, H, Hansen, T, Hata, J, He, J, Heim, N, Heinrich, J, Hemmingsson, T, Hennis, A, Herman, W, Herrera, V, Ho, S, Holdsworth, M, Frisman, G, Hopman, W, Hussain, A, Husseini, A, Ibrahim, M, Ikeda, N, Jacobsen, B, Jaddou, H, Jafar, T, Janghorbani, M, Jasienska, G, Joffres, M, Jonas, J, Kadiki, O, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kamadjeu, R, Kaptoge, S, Karalis, I, Kastarinen, M, Katz, J, Keinan-Boker, L, Kelly, P, Khalilzadeh, O, Kiechl, S, Kim, K, Kiyohara, Y, Kobayashi, J, Krause, M, Kubínová, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, Y, Lam, T, Langhammer, A, Lawes, C, Le, C, Lee, J, Lévy-Marchal, C, Lewington, S, Li, Y, Lim, T, Lin, X, Lin, C, Lin, H, Lind, L, Lissner, L, Liu, X, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lorbeer, R, Ma, G, Ma, S, Macià, F, Maclean, D, Maggi, S, Magliano, D, Makdisse, M, Mancia, G, Mannami, T, Marques-Vidal, P, Mbanya, J, McFarlane-Anderson, N, Miccoli, R, Miettola, J, Minh, H, Miquel, J, Miranda, J, Mohamed, M, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mokdad, A, Mollentze, W, Morales, D, Morgan, K, Lorenza M Muiesan, N, Muntoni, S, Nabipour, I, Nakagami, T, Nangia, V, Nemesure, B, Neovius, M, Nerhus, K, Nervi, F, Neuhauser, H, Nguyen, M, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Oh, S, Ohkubo, T, Olivieri, O, Önal, A, Onat, A, Oróstegui, M, Ouedraogo, H, Pan, W, Panagiotakos, D, Panza, F, Park, Y, Passos, V, Pednekar, M, Pelizzari, P, Peres, M, Cynthia Pérez, N, Pérez-Fernández, R, Pichardo, R, Phua, H, Pistelli, F, Plans, P, Polakowska, M, Poulter, N, Prabhakaran, D, Qiao, Q, Rafiei, M, Raitakari, O, Ramos, L, Rampal, S, Rampal, L, Rasmussen, F, Reddy, K, Redon, J, Revilla, L, Reyes-García, V, Roaeid, R, Robinson, C, Rodriguez-Artalejo, F, Rojas-Martinez, R, Ronkainen, K, Rosero-Bixby, L, Roth, G, Sachdev, H, Sánchez, J, Sanisoglu, S, Sans, S, Sarraf-Zadegan, N, Scazufca, M, Schaan, B, Schapochnik, N, Schelleman, H, Schneider, I, Schooling, C, Schwarz, B, Sekuri, C, Sereday, M, Serra-Majem, L, Shaw, J, Shera, A, Shi, Z, Shiri, R, Shu, X, Silva, D, Silva, E, Simons, L, Smith, M, Söderberg, S, Soebardi, S, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soysal, A, Stattin, P, Stein, A, Stergiou, G, Stessman, J, Sudo, A, Suka, M, Sundh, V, Sundquist, K, Sundström, J, Swai, A, Tai, E, Tambs, K, Tesfaye, F, Thomas, G, Thorogood, M, Tilvis, R, Tobias, M, Torheim, L, Trenkwalder, P, Tuomilehto, J, Tur, J, Tzourio, C, Uhernik, A, Ukoli, F, Unwin, N, Hoorn, S, Vanderpump, M, Varo, J, Veierød, M, Velásquez-Meléndez, G, Verschuren, M, Viet, L, Villalpando, S, Vioque, J, Vollenweider, P, Volpato, S, Wang, N, Wang, Y, Ward, M, Waspadji, S, Lennart X Welin, N, Whitlock, G, Wilhelmsen, L, Willeit, J, Woodward, M, Wormser, D, André J Xavier, N, Xu, F, Xu, L, Yamamoto, A, Yang, G, Yang, X, Yeh, L, Yoon, J, You, Q, Yu, Z, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zheng, W, Zhou, M, Danaei, Goodarz, Lu, Yuan, Singh, Gitanjali M, Carnahan, Emily, Stevens, Gretchen A, Cowan, Melanie J, Farzadfar, Farshad, Lin, John K, Finucane, Mariel M, Rao, Mayuree, Khang, Young-Ho, Riley, Leanne M, Arian, Dariush Mozaff, Lim, Stephen S, Ezzati, Majid, Aamodt, Geir, Abdeen, Ziad, Abdella, Nabila A, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Addo, Juliet, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afifi, Mustafa M, Agabiti-Rosei, Enrico, Salinas, Carlos A Aguilar, Agyemang, Charles, Ali, Mohammed K, Ali, Mohamed M, Al-Nsour, Mohannad, Al-Nuaim, Abdul R, Ambady, Ramachandran, Angelantonio, Emanuele Di, Aro, Pertti, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahalim, Adil N, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barbieri, Marco A, Barceló, Alberto, Barreto, Sandhi M, Barros, Henrique, Bautista, Leonelo E, Benetos, Athanase, Bjerregaard, Peter, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Bonora, Enzo, Botana, Manuel A, Bovet, Pascal, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breteler, Monique M, Broda, Grazyna, Brown, Ian J, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Campos, Hannia, Cappuccio, Francesco P, Capuano, Vincenzo, Casiglia, Edoardo, Castellano, Maurizio, Castetbon, Katia, Cea, Luis, Chang, Chih-Jen, Chaouki, Noureddine, Chatterji, Somnath, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Zhengming, Choi, Jin-Su, Chua, Lily, Cífková, Renata, Cobiac, Linda J, Cooper, Richard S, Corsi, Anna Maria, Costanza, Michael C, Craig, Cora L, Dankner, Rachel S, Dastgiri, Saeed, Delgado, Elias, Dinc, Gonul, Doi, Yasufumi, Dong, Guang-Hui, Dorsi, Eleonora, Dragano, Nico, Drewnowski, Adam, Eggertsen, Robert, Elliott, Paul, Engeland, Anders, Erem, Cihangir, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fall, Caroline H D, Fan, Jian-Gao, Ferreccio, Catterina, Fezeu, Leopold, Firmo, Josélia O, Florez, Hermes J, Fornés, Nélida S, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franceschini, Guido, Frisk, Fredrik, Fuchs, Flávio D, Fuller, Eva L, Getz, Linn, Giampaoli, Simona, Gómez, Luis F, Gomez-Zumaquero, Juan M, Iversen, Sidsel Graff, Grant, Janet F, Carvajal, Ramiro Guerrero, Gulliford, Martin C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Prakash C, Gureje, Oye, Gutierrez, Hialy R, Hansen, Tine W, Hata, Jun, He, Jiang, Heim, Noor, Heinrich, Joachim, Hemmingsson, Tomas, Hennis, Anselm, Herman, William H, Herrera, Victor M, Ho, Suzanne, Holdsworth, Michelle, Frisman, Gunilla Hollman, Hopman, Wilma M, Hussain, Akhtar, Husseini, Abdullatif, Ibrahim, M Mohsen, Ikeda, Nayu, Jacobsen, Bjarne K, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen H, Janghorbani, Mohsen, Jasienska, Grazyna, Joffres, Michel R, Jonas, Jost B, Kadiki, Othman A, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamadjeu, Raoul M, Kaptoge, Stephen, Karalis, Ioannis, Kastarinen, Mika J, Katz, Joanne, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Kelly, Paul, Khalilzadeh, Omid, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Ki Woong, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Kobayashi, Junji, Krause, Maressa P, Kubínová, Ružena, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Lam, Tai H, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lawes, Carlene M M, Le, Cai, Lee, Jeannette, Lévy-Marchal, Claire, Lewington, Sarah, Li, Yanping, Li, Yuqiu, Lim, T O, Lin, Xu, Lin, Cheng-Chieh, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lind, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Liu, Xiaoqing, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Lorbeer, Roberto, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Stefan, Macià, Francesc, Maclean, David R, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Makdisse, Marcia, Mancia, Giuseppe, Mannami, Toshifumi, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane-Anderson, Norma, Miccoli, Roberto, Miettola, Juhani, Minh, Hoang V, Miquel, Juan F, Miranda, J Jaime, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohan, V., Mohanna, Salim, Mokdad, Ali, Mollentze, Willem F, Morales, Dante D, Morgan, Karen, Lorenza M Muiesan, null, Muntoni, Sergio, Nabipour, Iraj, Nakagami, Tomoko, Nangia, Vinay, Nemesure, Barbara, Neovius, Martin, Nerhus, Kjersti A, Nervi, Flavio, Neuhauser, Hannelore, Nguyen, Minh, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Noale, Marianna, Oh, Sang W, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivieri, Oliviero, önal, Ayse Emel, Onat, Altan, Oróstegui, Myriam, Ouedraogo, Hermann, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B, Panza, Francesco, Park, Yongsoo, Passos, Valeria M A, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Pelizzari, Pamela M, Peres, Marco A, Cynthia Pérez, null, Pérez-Fernández, Román, Pichardo, Rafael, Phua, Hwee Pin, Pistelli, Francesco, Plans, Pedro, Polakowska, Maria, Poulter, Neil, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Qiao, Qing, Rafiei, Masoud, Raitakari, Olli T, Ramos, Luiz R, Rampal, Sanjay, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rasmussen, Finn, Reddy, Kanala K R, Redon, Josep, Revilla, Luis, Reyes-García, Victoria, Roaeid, Ragab B, Robinson, Carolyn A, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosero-Bixby, Luis, Roth, Gregory A, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sánchez, José R, Sanisoglu, Selim Y, Sans, Susana, Sarraf-Zadegan, Nizal, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schapochnik, Norberto, Schelleman, Hedi, Schneider, Ione J C, Schooling, C Mary, Schwarz, Bernhard, Sekuri, Cevad, Sereday, Martha S, Serra-Majem, Lluís, Shaw, Jonathan, Shera, Abdul S, Shi, Zumin, Shiri, Rahman, Shu, Xiao Ou, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Eglé, Simons, Leon A, Smith, Margaret, Söderberg, Stefan, Soebardi, Suharko, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soysal, Ahmet, Stattin, Pär, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Sudo, Akihiro, Suka, Machi, Sundh, Valter, Sundquist, Kristina, Sundström, Johan, Swai, Andrew B, Tai, E Shyong, Tambs, Kristian, Tesfaye, Fikru, Thomas, George N, Thorogood, Margaret, Tilvis, Reijo S, Tobias, Martin, Torheim, Liv E, Trenkwalder, Peter, Tuomilehto, Jaakko O, Tur, Josep A, Tzourio, Christophe, Uhernik, Ana I, Ukoli, Flora A, Unwin, Nigel, Hoorn, Stephen Vander, Vanderpump, Mark P, Varo, Jose Javier, Veierød, Marit B, Velásquez-Meléndez, Gustavo, Verschuren, Monique, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vioque, Jesus, Vollenweider, Peter, Volpato, Stefano, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Ya X, Ward, Mark, Waspadji, Sarwono, Lennart X Welin, null, Whitlock, Gary, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Willeit, Johann, Woodward, Mark, Wormser, David, André J Xavier, null, Xu, Fei, Xu, Liang, Yamamoto, Akira, Yang, Gonghuan, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yeh, Li-Chia, Yoon, Jin-Sang, You, Qisheng, Yu, Zhijie, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Lei, Zheng, Wei, and Zhou, Maigeng
Abstract: Background: High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010. Methods: We used data for exposure to risk factors by country, age group, and sex from pooled analyses of population-based health surveys. We obtained relative risks for the effects of risk factors on cause-specific mortality from meta-analyses of large prospective studies. We calculated the population attributable fractions for each risk factor alone, and for the combination of all risk factors, accounting for multicausality and for mediation of the effects of BMI by the other three risks. We calculated attributable deaths by multiplying the cause-specific population attributable fractions by the number of disease-specific deaths. We obtained cause-specific mortality from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study. We propagated the uncertainties of all the inputs to the final estimates. Findings: In 2010, high blood pressure was the leading risk factor for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes in every region, causing more than 40% of worldwide deaths from these diseases; high BMI and glucose were each responsible for about 15% of deaths, and high cholesterol for more than 10%. After accounting for multicausality, 63% (10·8 million deaths, 95% CI 10·1-11·5) of deaths from these diseases in 2010 were attributable to the combined effect of these four metabolic risk factors, compared with 67% (7·1 million deaths, 6·6-7·6) in 1980. The mortality burden of high BMI and glucose nearly doubled from 1980 to 2010. At the country level, age-standardised death rates from these diseases attributable to the c
Published: 2014

16. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author: Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Alexander, Lily, Anderson, H. Ross, Bachman, Victoria F., Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Casey, Daniel, Coates, Matthew M., Cohen, Aaron, Delwiche, Kristen, Estep, Kara, Frostad, Joseph J., KC, Astha, Kyu, Hmwe H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Ng, Marie, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Thomas, Bernadette A., Wagner, Joseph, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Abbafati, Cristiana, Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F., Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Biju, Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Aburto, Tania C., Achoki, Tom, Adelekan, Ademola, Adofo, Koranteng, Adou, Arsène K., Adsuar, José C., Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E., Al Khabouri, Mazin J., Al Lami, Faris H., Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I., Alegretti, Miguel A., Aleman, Alicia V., Alemu, Zewdie A., Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Mohammed K., Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Peter J., Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A., Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Ameli, Omid, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J., Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S., Atkinson, Charles, Avila, Marco A., Awuah, Baffour, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Bakfalouni, Talal, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balu, Ravi Kumar, Banerjee, Amitava, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basto-Abreu, Ana C., Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basulaiman, Mohammed O., Ruvalcaba, Carolina Batis, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A., Benzian, Habib, Bernabé, Eduardo, Beyene, Tariku J., Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bikbov, Boris, Abdulhak, Aref A. Bin, Blore, Jed D., Blyth, Fiona M., Bohensky, Megan A., Başara, Berrak Bora, Borges, Guilherme, Bornstein, Natan M., Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J., Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D. M., Broday, David M., Brooks, Peter M., Bruce, Nigel G., Brugha, Traolach S., Brunekreef, Bert, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bui, Linh N., Bukhman, Gene, Bulloch, Andrew G., Burch, Michael, Burney, Peter G. J., Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Campuzano, Julio C., Cantoral, Alejandra J., Caravanos, Jack, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cardis, Elisabeth, Carpenter, David O., Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben E., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K., Chang, Jung-chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chen, Zhengming, Chiang, Peggy P., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christophi, Costas A., Chuang, Ting-Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S., Cirillo, Massimo, Claßen, Thomas K. D., Colistro, Valentina, Colomar, Mercedes, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Contreras, Alejandra G., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cooper, Leslie T., Coresh, Josef, Courville, Karen J., Criqui, Michael H., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damsere-Derry, James, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Dayama, Anand, de Castro, E. Filipa, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, de Lima, Graça, Degenhardt, Louisa, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dessalegn, Muluken, deVeber, Gabrielle A., Devries, Karen M., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dherani, Mukesh K., Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E. Ray, Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Durrani, Adnan M., Ebel, Beth E., Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elshrek, Yousef M., Endres, Matthias, Ermakov, Sergey P., Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F. J., Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferri, Cleusa P., Flaxman, Abraham D., Fleming, Thomas D., Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Paleo, Urbano Fra, Franklin, Richard C., Gabbe, Belinda, Gaffikin, Lynne, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpé, Fortuné G., Gansevoort, Ron T., García-Guerra, Francisco A., Gasana, Evariste, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gething, Pete, Gibney, Katherine B., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim A. M., Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goginashvili, Ketevan, Dantes, Hector Gomez, Gona, Philimon, de Cosio, Teresita Gonzalez, González-Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Guerrant, Richard L., Gugnani, Harish C., Guillemin, Francis, Gunnell, David, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Hagstromer, Maria, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah R., Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Haregu, Tilahun Nigatu, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Heredia-Pi, Ileana B., Hernandez, Lucia, Heuton, Kyle R., Heydarpour, Pouria, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hornberger, John C., Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J., Hubbell, Bryan J., Huiart, Laetitia, Husseini, Abdullatif, Iannarone, Marissa L., Iburg, Kim M., Idrisov, Bulat T., Ikeda, Nayu, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Ismayilova, Samaya, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jansen, Henrica A., Jarvis, Deborah L., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jauregui, Alejandra, Jayaraman, Sudha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Fan, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B., Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Roseline, Sidibe S Kany, Karam, Nadim E., Karch, André, Karema, Corine K., Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S., Kemp, Andrew H., Kengne, Andre P., Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S., Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan, Khan, Ejaz A., Khang, Young-Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khonelidze, Irma, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinge, Jonas M., Kissela, Brett M., Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kose, M. Rifat, Kosen, Soewarta, Kraemer, Alexander, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kromhout, Hans, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Lai, Taavi, Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Heidi J., Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis O., Lavados, Pablo M., Lawrynowicz, Alicia E., Leasher, Janet L., Lee, Jong-Tae, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lindsay, M. Patrice, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Logroscino, Giancarlo, London, Stephanie J., Lopez, Nancy, Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Jixiang, Ma, Stefan, Machado, Vasco M. P., MacIntyre, Michael F., Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahdi, Abbas A., Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mangalam, Srikanth, Mapoma, Christopher C., Marape, Marape, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David J, Margono, Christopher, Marks, Guy B., Martin, Randall V., Marzan, Melvin B., Mashal, Mohammad T., Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., Mazorodze, Tasara T., McKay, Abigail C., McKee, Martin, McLain, Abigail, Meaney, Peter A, Medina, Catalina, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A., Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Santosh, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan A., Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen L., Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio C. Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moore, Ami R, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Mullany, Erin C., Murthy, Kinnari S., Naghavi, Mohsen, Nahas, Ziad, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S., Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nash, Denis, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P., Newton, Charles R., Ngalesoni, Frida N., de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Nhung T., Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nisar, Muhammad I., Nogueira, José R., Nolla, Joan M., Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olusanya, Bolajoko O., Omer, Saad B., Opio, John Nelson, Orozco, Ricardo, Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S., Pain, Amanda W., Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Panelo, Carlo Irwin A., Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pavlin, Boris I., Pearce, Neil, Pedraza, Lilia S., Pedroza, Andrea, Stokic, Ljiljana Pejin, Pekericli, Ayfer, Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Perry, Samuel A. L., Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B., Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R., Phua, Hwee Pin, Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polanczyk, Guilherme V., Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Pourmalek, Farshad, Powles, John, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M., Qato, Dima M., Quezada, Amado D., Quistberg, D. Alex A., Racapé, Lionel, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Raju, Murugesan, Rakovac, Ivo, Rana, Saleem M., Rao, Mayuree, Razavi, Homie, Reddy, K. Srinath, Refaat, Amany H., Rehm, Jürgen, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Riccio, Patricia M., Richardson, Lee, Riederer, Anne, Robinson, Margaret, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Romieu, Isabelle, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M., Rushton, Lesley, Sabin, Nsanzimana, Sacco, Ralph L, Saha, Sukanta, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salomon, Joshua A., Salvo, Deborah, Sampson, Uchechukwu K., Sanabria, Juan R., Sanchez, Luz Maria, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S., Sapkota, Amir, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saunders, James E., Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I., Scarborough, Peter, Schmidt, Jürgen C., Schneider, Ione J. C., Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaddick, Gavin, Shahraz, Saeid, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Hwashin H., Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga D., Silberberg, Donald H., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Stephens, Natalie, Stöckl, Heidi, Straif, Kurt, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sturua, Lela, Sunguya, Bruno F., Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabb, Karen M., Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto T., Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Te Ao, Braden J., Teixeira, Carolina M., Téllez Rojo, Martha M., Terkawi, Abdullah S., Texcalac-Sangrador, José Luis, Thackway, Sarah V., Thomson, Blake, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Fotis, Towbin, Jeffrey A., Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X., Trasande, Leonardo, Trillini, Matias, Trujillo, Ulises, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Uchendu, Uche S., Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Uzun, Selen B., van de Vijver, Steven, Van Dingenen, Rita, van Gool, Coen H., van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi J., Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N., Vavilala, Monica S., Veerman, Lennert J., Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N., Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Villalpando, Salvador, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wallin, Mitchell T., Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, JianLi, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Wenzhi, Wang, Yanping, Warouw, Tati S., Watts, Charlotte H., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Wessells, K. Ryan, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Williams, Hywel C., Williams, Thomas N., Woldeyohannes, Solomon M., Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wong, John Q., Woolf, Anthony D., Wright, Jonathan L., Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L., Yang, Gonghuan, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yenesew, Muluken, Yentür, Gökalp K., Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Younoussi, Zourkaleini, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E., Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Shankuan, Zou, Xiaonong, Zunt, Joseph R., Lopez, Alan D., Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J., Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Alexander, Lily, Anderson, H. Ross, Bachman, Victoria F., Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Casey, Daniel, Coates, Matthew M., Cohen, Aaron, Delwiche, Kristen, Estep, Kara, Frostad, Joseph J., KC, Astha, Kyu, Hmwe H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Ng, Marie, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Thomas, Bernadette A., Wagner, Joseph, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Abbafati, Cristiana, Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F., Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Biju, Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Aburto, Tania C., Achoki, Tom, Adelekan, Ademola, Adofo, Koranteng, Adou, Arsène K., Adsuar, José C., Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E., Al Khabouri, Mazin J., Al Lami, Faris H., Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I., Alegretti, Miguel A., Aleman, Alicia V., Alemu, Zewdie A., Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Mohammed K., Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Peter J., Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A., Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Ameli, Omid, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. 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M., Broday, David M., Brooks, Peter M., Bruce, Nigel G., Brugha, Traolach S., Brunekreef, Bert, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bui, Linh N., Bukhman, Gene, Bulloch, Andrew G., Burch, Michael, Burney, Peter G. J., Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Campuzano, Julio C., Cantoral, Alejandra J., Caravanos, Jack, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cardis, Elisabeth, Carpenter, David O., Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben E., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K., Chang, Jung-chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chen, Zhengming, Chiang, Peggy P., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christophi, Costas A., Chuang, Ting-Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S., Cirillo, Massimo, Claßen, Thomas K. 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Abstract: Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the fi rst of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantifi cation, particularly of modifi able risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the fi rst level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular fi ltration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account

17. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013

Author: Yong Zhao, Hadi Danawi, Bach Xuan Tran, Gene Bukhman, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Taavi Tillmann, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Yongmei Li, Jerry Puthenpurakal Abraham, Sudan Prasad Neupane, Jack Caravanos, Ben Schöttker, Rafael Lozano, Damian G Hoy, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Sergey Soshnikov, Yukito Shinohara, Randall V. Martin, Michael Brainin, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Yingfeng Zheng, Santosh Mishra, Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez, Michael Phillips, Belinda J. Gabbe, Hebe N. Gouda, Ziad A. Memish, Rupert R A Bourne, Guoqing Hu, Emmanuel A. Ameh, Abigail McLain, Michelle L. Bell, Christopher Margono, Marissa Iannarone, Wilkister N. Moturi, Donald H. Silberberg, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Nataliya Foigt, Anand Dayama, Yanping Wang, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Monica S. Vavilala, Katherine B Gibney, David Tanne, Sidibe S Kany Roseline, Marcella Montico, Abhishek Singh, Sarah Derrett, Alireza Esteghamati, Seok Jun Yoon, Corine Karema, Rakhi Dandona, David M. Pereira, Kazem Rahimi, Gitanjali M. Singh, Vivekanand Jha, John Hornberger, Anne M. Riederer, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Andrea Pedroza, Lily Alexander, Fiona M. Blyth, Tommi Vasankari, Kyle J Foreman, Rana J. Asghar, Tilahun Nigatu Haregu, Yousef Khader, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Lydia S. Atkins, Simerjot K. Jassal, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Peter Scarborough, Hans W. Hoek, E. Ray Dorsey, Muluken Dessalegn, David C. Schwebel, Gavin Shaddick, Thomas D. Fleming, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Christopher C. Mapoma, Jost B. Jonas, Erin C Mullany, Gene F. Kwan, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Roberto Tchio Talongwa, Tolesa Bekele, Jed D. Blore, Gunn Marit Aasvang, Philimon Gona, Miguel Angel Alegretti, Babak Eshrati, Mitsuru Mukaigawara, Richard F. Gillum, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Ubai Alsharif, Richard C. Franklin, Felix Masiye, Richard T. Burnett, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Martin McKee, John J Huang, Lucía Cuevas-Nasu, Wagner Marcenes, Walid Ammar, Knud Juel, Joseph R. Zunt, Martha M Téllez Rojo, Mamta Swaroop, Noela M Prasad, Azmeraw T. Amare, Tim Driscoll, Michael Kravchenko, Heresh Amini, Amir Sapkota, Theo Vos, Charlotte Watts, Dennis Odai Laryea, D. Alex Quistberg, Justin Beardsley, Cheng Huang, Adnan M. Durrani, Sarah V Thackway, Rita Van Dingenen, Manami Inoue, Martha Híjar, Honglei Chen, Amany H. Refaat, Yichong Li, Vineet K. Chadha, Wenzhi Wang, Louisa Degenhardt, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Nayu Ikeda, James D. Wilkinson, Linh N Bui, Maria Hagströmer, Gonghuan Yang, Ann Kristin Knudsen, David J. Margolis, Soewarta Kosen, Hans Kromhout, Atsushi Goto, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Thomas N. Williams, Michael Soljak, Yun Jin Kim, Hideaki Toyoshima, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Soufiane Boufous, Ivy Shiue, Anders Larsson, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, John Powles, Yara A. Halasa, Robin Room, Ratilal Lalloo, Carolina Batis Ruvalcaba, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Elisabete Weiderpass, Jürgen Rehm, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Alicia Aleman, Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene, Elena Alvarez, Rachelle Buchbinder, Randah R. Hamadeh, Bryan Hubbell, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Farhad Islami, Costas A. Christophi, Heidi Stöckl, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Nigel Bruce, Edward J Mills, Samuel A L Perry, Taavi Lai, Baffour Awuah, Mete Saylan, Karen J. Courville, Arindam Basu, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Teresita González de Cosío, Naohiro Yonemoto, Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni, Muluken Azage Yenesew, Atte Meretoja, Michael Brauer, Cyrus Cooper, Giorgia Giussani, Valentina S. Arsic Arsenijevic, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, André Karch, Leilei Duan, Matthew M Coates, Omid Ameli, Gelin Xu, Matthias Endres, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Mohamed Hsairi, Palwasha Anwari, Mazin J. Al Khabouri, Dariush Mozaffarian, Juan R. Sanabria, Pablo M. Lavados, Sumeet S. Chugh, Johan Ärnlöv, Ivo Rakovac, Maurice Giroud, Haidong Kan, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi, José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador, Luigi Naldi, Erica Leigh Slepak, Deena Alasfoor, James E. Saunders, Richard Matzopoulos, Talal Bakfalouni, Stein Emil Vollset, Andrea Werdecker, Lennert J. Veerman, Lorenzo Monasta, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Reyna A Gutiérrez, Brittany Wurtz, Luz Maria Sanchez, Lijing L. Yan, M. Patrice Lindsay, Michele Meltzer, Sanjay Basu, Steven van de Vijver, Alaa Badawi, Thomas Claßen, Young-Ho Khang, Brett M. Kissela, Jun Zhu, In-Hwan Oh, Fiona J Charlson, Maria Cecilia Bahit, Dinorah González-Castell, Rosario Cárdenas, Dan Poenaru, Sayed Saidul Alam, Mitchell T. Wallin, Harish Chander Gugnani, James Leigh, Ferrán Catalá-López, Lidia Morawska, Jim van Os, Stephanie J. London, Kaire Innos, Isabelle Romieu, Fiorella Cavalleri, Adrian Davis, Hwee Pin Phua, Chakib Nejjari, Héctor Gómez Dantés, Boris I. Pavlin, Karen Sliwa, Lynne Gaffikin, Constance D. Pond, Michael F. MacIntyre, Blake Thomson, Norberto Perico, Ronny Westerman, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Michael H. Criqui, Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos, Wubegzier Mekonnen, Bulat Idrisov, Ana Basto-Abreu, Andrew G. M. Bulloch, Jasvinder A. Singh, Vinod K. Paul, Emin Murat Tuzcu, Svetlana Popova, Hmwe H Kyu, Richard L. Guerrant, Mohammed I. Albittar, Srikanth Mangalam, Steven E. Lipshultz, Lela Sturua, Semaw Ferede Abera, Eduardo Bernabé, George D. Thurston, Bruno F. Sunguya, Tiffany Ku, Alejandra G. Contreras, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Charles Atkinson, Ashkan Afshin, Heidi J. Larson, Abdullatif Husseini, Jose C. Adsuar, Reza Assadi, Ademola Lukman Adelekan, Joshua A. Salomon, Yousef M. Elshrek, Gokalp Kadri Yentur, Devina Nand, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Graça Maria Ferreira De Lima, Maheswar Satpathy, Fotis Topouzis, Traolach S. Brugha, Hywel C Williams, Coen H. Van Gool, Andrew H. Kemp, Awoke Misganaw, Amado D Quezada, Norito Kawakami, Bert Brunekreef, Peter Burney, Tati S. Warouw, Jongmin Lee, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Marcel Tanner, Solveig A. Cunningham, Benjamin O. Anderson, Tariku Jibat Beyene, Lars Barregard, Xia Wan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Bernadette Thomas, Lilia S Pedraza, Massimo Cirillo, Alina Rodriguez, Ricky Leung, Farshad Pourmalek, K. Srinath Reddy, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Ulrich O Mueller, Neeraj Bedi, Al Artaman, Lucia Hernandez, Itamar S. Santos, C. Arden Pope, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Carlo Irwin A. Panelo, Selen Begüm Uzun, Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris, Anwar Rafay, Daniel Dicker, Melvin Barrientos Marzan, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Mohammed O. Basulaiman, Edgar P. Simard, Mohammad T Mashal, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Shiwei Liu, Don C. Des Jarlais, Bo Norrving, Salvador Villalpando, Miia Kivipelto, Yang Liu, Carolina Maria Teixeira, Catalina Medina, Sudha Jayaraman, Josep Maria Haro, Diego De Leo, Angel J Paternina Caicedo, Abigail C. McKay, Eric L. Ding, Mukesh Dherani, Ljiljana Pejin Stokic, Vinay Nangia, Sukanta Saha, Juan Liang, Elisabeth Cardis, Zourkaleini Younoussi, José R Nogueira, Braden Te Ao, Vasco Manuel Pedro Machado, Lionel Racapé, Ting Wu Chuang, Shahab Khatibzadeh, E Filipa de Castro, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Ulises Trujillo, Alan D. Lopez, Soraya Seedat, Lope H Barrero, Linhong Wang, Daniel Pope, Alexandra Brazinova, Faris Lami, Valentina Colistro, G Anil Kumar, Derek F J Fay, Haidong Wang, Hwashin H. Shin, Raimundas Lunevicius, Suzanne Polinder, Dietrich Plass, David Rojas-Rueda, Stephen S Lim, Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Yuantao Hao, Jung-Chen Chang, Corina Benjet, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Luciano A. Sposato, Stan Biryukov, Kunihiro Matsushita, Beth E. Ebel, Cleusa P. Ferri, Soumya Swaminathan, K. Ryan Wessells, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Leslie T. Cooper, David O. Carpenter, Nancy Lopez, Bryan L. Sykes, Sandra Nolte, Murray B. Stein, Paul N. Jensen, Fabiola Mejía-Rodríguez, Xiaonong Zou, Bradford D. Gessner, Dhruv S. Kazi, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Alejandra Jáuregui, Pouria Heydarpour, Megan Bohensky, Harvey Whiteford, Berrak Bora Basara, Zhengming Chen, Gregory R. Wagner, Paul I. Dargan, Hermann Brenner, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, John Nelson Opio, Scott Weichenthal, Deborah Salvo, Jun She, Tea Lallukka, Carolyn C. Gotay, Stephen G. Waller, Christian Kieling, Shivanthi Balalla, Valery L. Feigin, Qing Lan, Matias Trillini, Adam D M Briggs, Sungroul Kim, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Renata Micha, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Paul S. F. Yip, Grant Nguyen, Ralph L. Sacco, Biju Abraham, Ken Takahashi, Jixiang Ma, Peter A. Meaney, Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Kimberly Cooperrider, M Rifat Kose, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa, Rasmus Havmoeller, Alize J. Ferrari, Kebede Deribe, Nadim E. Karam, George A. Mensah, Bongani M. Mayosi, Konrad Pesudovs, Joanna Moschandreas, Ziad Nahas, James Damsere-Derry, Nsanzimana Sabin, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez, Ying Jiang, Andre Pascal Kengne, Peter Allebeck, Jonas Minet Kinge, Shankuan Zhu, Guy B. Marks, Daniel C Casey, Marco A Avila, Anna Roca, Lalit Dandona, Ami R. Moore, Adansi A. Amankwaa, David Gunnell, Andre Keren, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Nhung T Nguyen, Anthony D. Woolf, Mayuree Rao, Peter J. Allen, Christina Papachristou, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Ravi Kumar Balu, Marie Ng, Marcello Tonelli, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Maigeng Zhou, Emmanuela Gakidou, Mohammed K. Ali, Amanda W Pain, Dan J. Stein, Kawkab Shishani, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Howard J. Hoffman, James Scott, Nadine Steckling, Samia Alhabib, Deborah Jarvis, Kara Estep, Arsène Kouablan Adou, Ricardo Orozco, Holly Hagan, K. C. Astha, Reza Malekzadeh, Klara Dokova, Aliya Naheed, Ernst J. Kuipers, Valeria Caso, Derrick A Bennett, Andrea B. Feigl, Uche S. Uchendu, Holly E. Erskine, Shireen Sindi, Arjun Lakshmana Balaji, Francesco Saverio Violante, Monika Sawhney, Alejandra Cantoral, Ketevan Goginashvili, Raghib Ali, Fan Jiang, Robert G. Weintraub, Homie Razavi, Myriam Tobollik, Howard Hu, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Irma Khonelidze, Patricia M. Riccio, Eun-Kee Park, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Ibrahim Abubakar, Jürgen C Schmidt, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Aref A. Bin Abdulhak, Graeme J. Hankey, Natan M. Bornstein, Mouhanad Hammami, Lee Richardson, Rintaro Mori, Alanur Çavlin, Ruth W Kimokoti, Samir Soneji, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, John Q. Wong, Joseph Frostad, Tom Achoki, Rahman Shiri, Ashish Bhalla, Kurt Straif, Simon I. Hay, Scott B. Patten, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Awoke Misganaw Temesgen, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Ryan M Barber, Rosana E. Norman, JianLi Wang, Siyi Shangguan, Luke Nyakarahuka, Kovin Naidoo, Charles D. H. Parry, Mercedes Colomar, H. Ross Anderson, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Joan M. Nolla, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Karen Devries, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Denis Nash, Marape Marape, Rajiv Chowdhury, Dima M. Qato, Luca Ronfani, Nobhojit Roy, Daniel Kim, Yuichiro Yano, Luke D. Knibbs, Margaret Robinson, Hilda L Harb, Rogelio Pérez-Padilla, Janet L Leasher, Jonathan L. Wright, Peter Brooks, Cristiana Abbafati, Belinda K Lloyd, Victor Aboyans, Nikhil Tandon, Charles R. Newton, Simón Barquera, Ted R. Miller, Kinnari S. Murthy, Habib Benzian, Glen Mola, Paulo A. Lotufo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Alexander Kraemer, Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes, Saman Fahimi, Lesley Rushton, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Logan Sandar, Bruce Neal, Teresa Shamah Levy, Karen M. Tabb, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Christopher J L Murray, Ramesh Sahathevan, Aaron Cohen, Chanda Kulkarni, Van C. Lansingh, François Alla, Tasara T. Mazorodze, Murugesan Raju, Saeid Shahraz, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Rajeev Gupta, Neil Pearce, Mustafa Z. Younis, Veena S. Kulkarni, Francisco A García-Guerra, Amanda G. Thrift, Stefan Ma, Samaya Ismayilova, Evariste Gasana, Amitava Banerjee, Aslam Pervaiz, Emilie Agardh, Abraham D. Flaxman, Farshad Farzadfar, Peter W. Gething, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Boris Bikbov, Wanqing Chen, Saad B. Omer, Ruben Castro, Neeraj Bhala, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Hilton Lam, Urbano Fra Paleo, Lidia Sanchez-Riera, Alicia Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Kristen Delwiche, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Max Petzold, Yuri Y Varakin, Guilherme Borges, Guohong Jiang, Francis Guillemin, Kyle R. Heuton, Yohannes Kinfu, Victoria F Bachman, Joseph A Wagner, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Leonardo Trasande, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Josef Coresh, Chuanhua Yu, Kenji Shibuya, Berrin Serdar, Laetitia Huiart, Xiaofeng Liang, Jean de Dieu Ngirabega, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Natalie Stephens, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Jefferson Traebert, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Kjetil Søreide, Samath D Dharmaratne, Robert P. Dellavalle, George Mugambage Ruhago, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, Dipan Bose, Tania C Aburto, Saleem M Rana, Miriam Levi, Mohammad Taghi Hedayati, Rodolfo S Pagcatipunan, Ron T. Gansevoort, H. D. Hosgood, Michael Burch, Mohsen Naghavi, Vegard Skirbekk, Ayfer Pekericli, Walter Mendoza, Pengpeng Ye, Gabrielle deVeber, Ali H. Mokdad, David M. Broday, Koranteng Adofo, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Shifalika Goenka, Carrie Beth Peterson, Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg, Edson Serván-Mori, Anil Kaul, Foad Abd-Allah, Marek Majdan, Rahul Gupta, Giancarlo Logroscino, Kardiyoloji, Peterson, Carrie B., Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), London South Bank University, Metropolitan Police Service, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] (LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Insight Centre for Data Analytics [Galway] (INSIGHT), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidemiologie Clinique/essais Cliniques Nancy, Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Karolinska Institute, karolinska institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (LIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science Department [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) (SRI-B), Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] (STFC), Science & Technologie Facilities Council, Multimedia Research Center (MRC), University of Alberta, Division of Biostatistics (Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, University of Southampton, Imperial College London, Neurology Department, Ichilov Medical Center, Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 (InTRu), Université de Tours, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Risk Assessment Sciences Institute, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), STAR laboratory, Stanford University [Stanford], Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore (NUS), Centre de Robotique (CAOR), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Swansea University, Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Neuro Rehab Services LLP [New Delhi], Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Univ. Politec. de Catalunya, King‘s College London, Dept. Mat. Engn. De Ma, Sao Carlos, Fed. Univ. Sao Carlos UFSCar, RESPEC (RESPEC), RESPEC, Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] (ALES), Department of Biology [Miami], University of Miami [Coral Gables], Health Care, Minister Of Labour-Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs, Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, University of Oxford [Oxford], College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia, Laboratory of Neurologic Diseases, Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], GEMMA — Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (Ariana, Tunisie) (INRAP), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University-Shahid Beheshti University, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Tehran, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Public Health Division, Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe (SAGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, George Washington University (GW), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Washington State University (WSU), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, School of Computer Science - China University of Geosciences (China University of Geosciences (East Area)), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Fachbereich Physik [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci (DRDO, INMAS), Univ New Delhi, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of Cape Town, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Daejeon] (Chungnam National University), Lawrence University, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tata Research Development and Design Center (TRDDC), TCS Innovation Labs, University of Helsinki, Google Inc [Mountain View], Research at Google, Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), Servicio de Neurologia (SANTIAGO - Neurologie), Universidad del Desarrollo, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (CAD Laboratory), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Università degli studi di Bari, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] (Heudiasyc), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] (CIEE), China Agricultural University (CAU), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble [2013-2019] (ESPE Grenoble [2013-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Mathematics, University of Iowa [Iowa City], College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Saudi Ministry of Health, Institut national des recherches agricoles du Bénin, Centre de Recherches agricoles du Sud, Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Unit of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Virginia, University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo', Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Department of Chemistry, Scientific Computing Research Unit, Department of dermatology, Milano University-Azienda Ospedaleria Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, Department of epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Département Optique (OPT), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Department of Neurology Lunds University Hospital Lund, Unit of Functional Bionanomaterials, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department - Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], World Health Organization, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Nordic School of Public Health, The James Hutton Institute, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Public Health, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTIF), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Physikalisches Institut [Freiburg], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 (STL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Dept.of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Istituto Mario Negri Bergamo, Centro Ricerche e Trapianti Villa Camozzi, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut geològic de Catalunya (IGC), Institut Geològic de Catalunya-IGC, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Symantec, University of Oviedo, European Microsoft Innovation Center (EMIC), Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa], Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences (LMPG), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Departments of Applied Physics [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Center for Mathematical Modeling (CMM), Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] (UEOH), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [New Delhi], Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GlaxoSmithKline, Imperial College London-Clinical Imaging Center, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Nanoscience Institute (NEST), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology (LICB), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Human Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] (LNCC / MCT), Occupational Health Unit, Bologna University Hospital-Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), NICTA [Eveleigh], National ICT Australia [Sydney] (NICTA), Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University [Lund], University of Calgary, BioWare Corp, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division [London], Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London]-King‘s College London, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physiology, Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases-King‘s College London, Electronic Navigation Research Institute (ENRI), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Department of Computer Science [KAIST] (CS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Centre for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops N Chi, Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOLTECH-ANJOU (MOLTECH-ANJOU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH)-Universidad del Desarrollo, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble (ESPE Grenoble), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), King‘s College London-Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Sichuan University, Universitat de Barcelona, Interne Geneeskunde, Medische Sociologie, MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Bretagne-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides ( LPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive ( LAPSCO ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches ( UR ETGR ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Hong Kong Baptist University ( HKBU ), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] ( LMU ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Insight Centre for Data Analytics (National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG)) ( INSIGHT ), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation ( APEMAC ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University of Oslo ( UiO ) -University of Oslo ( UiO ), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas ( CEAZA ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux ( LIM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) ( SRI-B ), Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] ( STFC ), Multimedia Research Center ( MRC ), University of Alberta [Edmonton], Division of Biostatistics ( Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS ), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], University of Southampton [Southampton], Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 ( InTRu ), Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University Medical Center Utrecht, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative ( BFA ), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires ( VIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), National University of Singapore ( NUS ), Centre de Robotique ( CAOR ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL ), Department of Signal Theory and Communications ( TSC ), RESPEC ( RESPEC ), Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] ( ALES ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] ( UPC ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique ( INRAP ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP-Tunisie), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ), Tehran University, Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe ( SAGE ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - AMU - IRD ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon ( Phys-ENS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy ( CRAN ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Freie Universität Berlin [Berlin], Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci ( DRDO, INMAS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Tata Research Development and Design Center ( TRDDC ), Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou [Angers] ( MOLTECH ANJOU ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Helsinki [Helsinki], Swedish Defense Research Agency ( FOI ), Servicio de Neurologia ( SANTIAGO - Neurologie ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ) -Universidad del Desarrollo, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp., East Hanover NJ 07936, USA, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering ( CAD Laboratory ), National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), Centre d'étude et de recherche en informatique et communications ( CEDRIC ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise ( ENSIIE ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] ( Heudiasyc ), Université de Technologie de Compiègne ( UTC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] ( CIEE ), China Agricultural University ( CAU ), Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne ( CES ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Paris School of Economics ( PSE ), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble ( ESPE Grenoble ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), American University of Beirut [Beyrouth], The University of Sydney [Sydney], Département Optique ( OPT ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes ( L2S ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology ( CREAL ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Center for TeleInFrastruktur ( CTIF ), Aalborg University [Denmark] ( AAU ), Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 ( STL ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Indian Institute of Technology Madras ( IIT Madras ), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita ( UNESP ), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production ( LGI2P ), IMT - Mines Alès Ecole Mines - Télécom ( IMT - MINES ALES ), Institut geològic de Catalunya ( IGC ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons ( LPGP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Politecnico di Milano [Milan], European Microsoft Innovation Center ( EMIC ), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences ( LMPG ), Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires ( LPMA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( IGBMC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Center for Mathematical Modeling ( CMM ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ( LSHTM ), University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] ( UEOH ), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ( IIT Delhi ), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre ( IRPHE ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] ( UFPE ), Nanoscience Institute ( NEST ), Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology ( LICB ), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability ( IES ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), Bonn Universität [Bonn], Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] ( LNCC / MCT ), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] ( KTH ), National ICT Australia [Sydney] ( NICTA ), Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques ( IHPST ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia ( CHOP ), Univeristy of Pennsylvania Medical School, Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique ( GeM ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Medical College of Georgia, Electronic Navigation Research Institute ( ENRI ), Department of Computer Science [KAIST] ( CS ), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ( KAIST ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), University of Massachusetts [Boston] ( UMass Boston ), Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Alexander, Lily, Anderson, H. Ro, Bachman, Victoria F, Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Casey, Daniel, Coates, Matthew M, Cohen, Aaron, Delwiche, Kristen, Estep, Kara, Frostad, Joseph J, Kc, Astha, Kyu, Hmwe H, Moradi Lakeh, Maziar, Ng, Marie, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Thomas, Bernadette A, Wagner, Joseph, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Abbafati, Cristiana, Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Biju, Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu Rmeileh, Niveen M. E, Aburto, Tania C, Achoki, Tom, Adelekan, Ademola, Adofo, Koranteng, Adou, Arsène K, Adsuar, José C, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Al Khabouri, Mazin J, Al Lami, Faris H, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alegretti, Miguel A, Aleman, Alicia V, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Mohammed K, Alla, Françoi, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Peter J, Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Ameli, Omid, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J, Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S, Atkinson, Charle, Avila, Marco A, Awuah, Baffour, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C, Bakfalouni, Talal, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balu, Ravi Kumar, Banerjee, Amitava, Barber, Ryan M, Barker Collo, Suzanne L, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lar, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basto Abreu, Ana C, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basulaiman, Mohammed O, Ruvalcaba, Carolina Bati, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L, Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A, Benzian, Habib, Bernabé, Eduardo, Beyene, Tariku J, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Bori, Abdulhak, Aref A. Bin, Blore, Jed D, Blyth, Fiona M, Bohensky, Megan A, Başara, Berrak Bora, Borges, Guilherme, Bornstein, Natan M, Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J, Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D. M, Broday, David M, Brooks, Peter M, Bruce, Nigel G, Brugha, Traolach S, Brunekreef, Bert, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bui, Linh N, Bukhman, Gene, Bulloch, Andrew G, Burch, Michael, Burney, Peter G. J, Campos Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano, Julio C, Cantoral, Alejandra J, Caravanos, Jack, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cardis, Elisabeth, Carpenter, David O, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chen, Zhengming, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christophi, Costas A, Chuang, Ting Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S, Cirillo, Massimo, Claßen, Thomas Kd, Colistro, Valentina, Colomar, Mercede, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Contreras, Alejandra G, Cooper, Cyru, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cooper, Leslie T, Coresh, Josef, Courville, Karen J, Criqui, Michael H, Cuevas Nasu, Lucia, Damsere Derry, Jame, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Dayama, Anand, de Castro, E. Filipa, De la Cruz Góngora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, de Lima, Graça, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C. De, Dessalegn, Muluken, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Devries, Karen M, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E. Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Durrani, Adnan M, Ebel, Beth E, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Elshrek, Yousef M, Endres, Matthia, Ermakov, Sergey P, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F. J, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferri, Cleusa P, Flaxman, Abraham D, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Paleo, Urbano Fra, Franklin, Richard C, Gabbe, Belinda, Gaffikin, Lynne, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpé, Fortuné G, Gansevoort, Ron T, García Guerra, Francisco A, Gasana, Evariste, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Pete, Gibney, Katherine B, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim A. M, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goginashvili, Ketevan, Dantes, Hector Gomez, Gona, Philimon, de Cosio, Teresita Gonzalez, González Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Guerrant, Richard L, Gugnani, Harish C, Guillemin, Franci, Gunnell, David, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hafezi Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Hagstromer, Maria, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Haregu, Tilahun Nigatu, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Heredia Pi, Ileana B, Hernandez, Lucia, Heuton, Kyle R, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hornberger, John C, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J, Hubbell, Bryan J, Huiart, Laetitia, Husseini, Abdullatif, Iannarone, Marissa L, Iburg, Kim M, Idrisov, Bulat T, Ikeda, Nayu, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Ismayilova, Samaya, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jansen, Henrica A, Jarvis, Deborah L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jayaraman, Sudha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Fan, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B, Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Roseline, Sidibe S. Kany, Karam, Nadim E, Karch, André, Karema, Corine K, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan, Khan, Ejaz A, Khang, Young Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khonelidze, Irma, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kinge, Jonas M, Kissela, Brett M, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kose, M. Rifat, Kosen, Soewarta, Kraemer, Alexander, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kromhout, Han, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Lai, Taavi, Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Ander, Laryea, Dennis O, Lavados, Pablo M, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Jong Tae, Leigh, Jame, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lindsay, M. Patrice, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Logroscino, Giancarlo, London, Stephanie J, Lopez, Nancy, Lortet Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Ma, Jixiang, Ma, Stefan, Machado, Vasco M. P, Macintyre, Michael F, Magis Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdi, Abbas A, Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mangalam, Srikanth, Mapoma, Christopher C, Marape, Marape, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David J, Margono, Christopher, Marks, Guy B, Martin, Randall V, Marzan, Melvin B, Mashal, Mohammad T, Masiye, Felix, Mason Jones, Amanda J, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mazorodze, Tasara T, Mckay, Abigail C, Mckee, Martin, Mclain, Abigail, Meaney, Peter A, Medina, Catalina, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mejia Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A, Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Santosh, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan A, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen L, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio C. Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moore, Ami R, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Mullany, Erin C, Murthy, Kinnari S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nahas, Ziad, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, Km Venkat, Nash, Deni, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P, Newton, Charles R, Ngalesoni, Frida N, de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Nhung T, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J, Nisar, Muhammad I, Nogueira, José R, Nolla, Joan M, Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olusanya, Bolajoko O, Omer, Saad B, Opio, John Nelson, Orozco, Ricardo, Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S, Pain, Amanda W, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Panelo, Carlo Irwin A, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun Kee, Parry, Charles D, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B, Paul, Vinod K, Pavlin, Boris I, Pearce, Neil, Pedraza, Lilia S, Pedroza, Andrea, Stokic, Ljiljana Pejin, Pekericli, Ayfer, Pereira, David M, Perez Padilla, Rogelio, Perez Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Perry, Samuel A. L, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Phua, Hwee Pin, Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Pourmalek, Farshad, Powles, John, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M, Qato, Dima M, Quezada, Amado D, Quistberg, D. Alex A, Racapé, Lionel, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Raju, Murugesan, Rakovac, Ivo, Rana, Saleem M, Rao, Mayuree, Razavi, Homie, Reddy, K. Srinath, Refaat, Amany H, Rehm, Jürgen, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Riccio, Patricia M, Richardson, Lee, Riederer, Anne, Robinson, Margaret, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas Rueda, David, Romieu, Isabelle, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M, Rushton, Lesley, Sabin, Nsanzimana, Sacco, Ralph L, Saha, Sukanta, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvo, Deborah, Sampson, Uchechukwu K, Sanabria, Juan R, Sanchez, Luz Maria, Sánchez Pimienta, Tania G, Sanchez Riera, Lidia, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Sapkota, Amir, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saunders, James E, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I, Scarborough, Peter, Schmidt, Jürgen C, Schneider, Ione J. C, Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan Mori, Edson E, Shaddick, Gavin, Shahraz, Saeid, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Hwashin H, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga D, Silberberg, Donald H, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stephens, Natalie, Stöckl, Heidi, Straif, Kurt, Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Sturua, Lela, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto T, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Te Ao, Braden J, Teixeira, Carolina M, Téllez Rojo, Martha M, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Texcalac Sangrador, José Lui, Thackway, Sarah V, Thomson, Blake, Thorne Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Foti, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X, Trasande, Leonardo, Trillini, Matia, Trujillo, Ulise, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadi, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uzun, Selen B, van de Vijver, Steven, Van Dingenen, Rita, van Gool, Coen H, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi J, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N, Vavilala, Monica S, Veerman, Lennert J, Velasquez Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Villalpando, Salvador, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Waller, Stephen G, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Jianli, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Wenzhi, Wang, Yanping, Warouw, Tati S, Watts, Charlotte H, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Wessells, K. Ryan, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Hywel C, Williams, Thomas N, Woldeyohannes, Solomon M, Wolfe, Charles D. A, Wong, John Q, Woolf, Anthony D, Wright, Jonathan L, Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yang, Gonghuan, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yenesew, Muluken, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younoussi, Zourkaleini, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Shankuan, Zou, Xiaonong, Zunt, Joseph R, Lopez, Alan D, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J., Cell biology, Epidemiology, Neurosciences, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Public Health, General practice, Bachman, Victoria F., Coates, Matthew M., Frostad, Joseph J., Astha, K.C., Kyu, Hmwe H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Thomas, Bernadette A., Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F., Puthenpurakal Abraham, Jerry, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E., Aburto, Tania C., Adou, Arsène K., Adsuar, José C., Agardh, Emilie E., Al Khabouri, Mazin J., Al Lami, Faris H., Albittar, Mohammed I., Alegretti, Miguel A., Aleman, Alicia V., Alemu, Zewdie A., Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Ali, Mohammed K., Allen, Peter J., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A., Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Argeseanu Cunningham, Solveig, Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina S., Asghar, Rana J., Atkins, Lydia S., Avila, Marco A., Bahit, Maria C., Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basto-Abreu, Ana C., Basulaiman, Mohammed O., Batis Ruvalcaba, Carolina, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Beyene, Tariku J., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Blore, Jed D., Blyth, Fiona M., Bohensky, Megan A., Bora Başara, Berrak, Bornstein, Natan M., Bourne, Rupert R., Breitborde, Nicholas J., Briggs, Adam D.M., Broday, David M., Brooks, Peter M., Bruce, Nigel G., Brugha, Traolach S., Bui, Linh N., Bulloch, Andrew G., Burney, Peter G.J., Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Campuzano, Julio C., Cantoral, Alejandra J., Carpenter, David O., Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben E., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chadha, Vineet K., Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Chiang, Peggy P., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Christophi, Costas A., Chuang, Ting-Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S., Claßen, Thomas K.D., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Contreras, Alejandra G., Cooper, Leslie T., Courville, Karen J., Criqui, Michael H., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damsere-Derry, Jame, Dargan, Paul I., Davitoiu, Dragos V., De Castro, E. Filipa, De La Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De Lima, Graça, Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Des Jarlais, Don C., Deveber, Gabrielle A., Devries, Karen M., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dherani, Mukesh K., Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Durrani, Adnan M., Ebel, Beth E., Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elshrek, Yousef M., Ermakov, Sergey P., Erskine, Holly E., Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fay, Derek F.J., Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferri, Cleusa P., Flaxman, Abraham D., Fleming, Thomas D., Foreman, Kyle J., Fra Paleo, Urbano, Franklin, Richard C., Gankpé, Fortuné G., Gansevoort, Ron T., García-Guerra, Francisco A., Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim A.M., Gomez Dantes, Hector, Gonzalez De Cosio, Teresita, González-Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C., Gouda, Hebe N., Guerrant, Richard L., Gugnani, Harish C., Gutiérrez, Reyna A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah R., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Hay, Simon I., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Heredia-Pi, Ileana B., Heuton, Kyle R., Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hornberger, John C., Hosgood, H., Hoy, Damian G., Huang, John J., Hubbell, Bryan J., Iannarone, Marissa L., Iburg, Kim M., Idrisov, Bulat T., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jansen, Henrica A., Jarvis, Deborah L., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jensen, Paul N., Jonas, Jost B., Kany Roseline, Sidibe S., Karam, Nadim E., Karema, Corine K., Kazi, Dhruv S., Kemp, Andrew H., Kengne, Andre P., Khader, Yousef S., Ali Hassan Khalifa, Shams Eldin, Khan, Ejaz A., Khang, Young-Ho, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinge, Jonas M., Kissela, Brett M., Knibbs, Luke D., Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulkarni, Veena S., Kwan, Gene F., Lakshmana Balaji, Arjun, Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Heidi J., Laryea, Dennis O., Lavados, Pablo M., Lawrynowicz, Alicia E., Leasher, Janet L., Lee, Jong-Tae, Lim, Stephen S., Lipshultz, Steven E., Lloyd, Belinda K., London, Stephanie J., Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A., Machado, Vasco M.P., Macintyre, Michael F., Magis-Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdi, Abbas A., Mapoma, Christopher C., Margolis, David J., Marks, Guy B., Martin, Randall V., Marzan, Melvin B., Mashal, Mohammad T., Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mayosi, Bongani M., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Mckay, Abigail C., Meaney, Peter A., Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Melaku, Yohannes A., Memish, Ziad A., Mensah, George A., Apolinary Mhimbira, Franci, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohammad, Karzan A., Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen L., Montañez Hernandez, Julio C., Moore, Ami R., Moturi, Wilkister N., Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin C., Murthy, Kinnari S., Naidoo, Kovin S., Narayan, K.M. Venkat, Neupane, Sudan P., Newton, Charles R., Ngalesoni, Frida N., Ngirabega, Jean De Dieu, Nguyen, Nhung T., Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nisar, Muhammad I., Nogueira, José R., Nolla, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Oh, In-Hwan, Olusanya, Bolajoko O., Omer, Saad B., Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S., Pain, Amanda W., Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Panelo, Carlo Irwin A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pavlin, Boris I., Pedraza, Lilia S., Pejin Stokic, Ljiljana, Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perry, Samuel A.L., Phillips, Michael R., Polanczyk, Guilherme V., Pond, Constance D., Prasad, Noela M., Qato, Dima M., Quezada, Amado D., Quistberg, D. Alex A., Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Ur Rahman, Sajjad, Rana, Saleem M., Refaat, Amany H., Ribeiro, Antonio L., Riccio, Patricia M., Rojas-Rueda, David, Ruhago, George M., Sacco, Ralph L., Salomon, Joshua A., Sampson, Uchechukwu K., Sanabria, Juan R., Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Santos, Itamar S., Saunders, James E., Saylan, Mete I., Schmidt, Jürgen C., Schneider, Ione J.C., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shin, Hwashin H., Sigfusdottir, Inga D., Silberberg, Donald H., Simard, Edgar P., Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stapelberg, Nicolas J.C., Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Sunguya, Bruno F., Sykes, Bryan L., Tabb, Karen M., Talongwa, Roberto T., Te Ao, Braden J., Teixeira, Carolina M., Téllez Rojo, Martha M., Terkawi, Abdullah S., Texcalac-Sangrador, José Lui, Thackway, Sarah V., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Towbin, Jeffrey A., Tran, Bach X., Tsala Dimbuene, Zacharie, Uchendu, Uche S., Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Uzun, Selen B., Van De Vijver, Steven, Van Gool, Coen H., Van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi J., Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N., Vavilala, Monica S., Veerman, Lennert J., Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, Francesco S., Victorovich Vlassov, Vasiliy, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wallin, Mitchell T., Warouw, Tati S., Watts, Charlotte H., Weintraub, Robert G., Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Williams, Hywel C., Williams, Thomas N., Woldeyohannes, Solomon M., Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wong, John Q., Woolf, Anthony D., Wright, Jonathan L., Yan, Lijing L., Yentür, Gökalp K., Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaki, Maysaa E., Zunt, Joseph R., Lopez, Alan D., and Temesgen, A.M.
Subjects: Male, Fine particulate matter, Nutrition and Disease, MESH : Sanitation, Health Behavior, Diseases, MESH: Metabolic Diseases, MESH: Global Health, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Risk Assessment, Global Health, MESH : Nutritional Status, MESH: Occupational Exposure, 0302 clinical medicine, Unsafe Sex, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Voeding en Ziekte, Medicine, Air-pollution, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH : Risk Assessment, Sanitation, Wasting, 2. Zero hunger, Factors de risc en les malalties, Medicine (all), [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, MESH : Occupational Diseases, MESH: Nutritional Status, All-cause mortality, MESH : Risk Factors, humanities, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Nutritional Status, Occupational Diseases, Occupational Exposure, Risk Assessment, Tobacco smoking, 3. Good health, Nutritional Statu, MESH : Occupational Exposure, MESH : Metabolic Diseases, Cohort, medicine.symptom, Risk assessment, Blood-pressure, Human, MESH: Occupational Diseases, Risk factors in diseases, Coronary-heart-disease, MESH : Male, MESH: Health Behavior, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Population health, Body-mass index, 03 medical and health sciences, Household cooking, Cardiovascular-disease, Environmental health, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Life Science, MESH: Sanitation, Risk factor, MESH : Health Behavior, VLAG, GBD2013, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Risk Factor, Global Burden of Disease Study, 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks, Long-term exposure, MESH : Humans, CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, MESH: Male, Metabolic Disease, Occupational Disease, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, MALE BRITISH DOCTORS, Years of potential life lost, Relative risk, Malalties, MESH : Global Health, OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH : Environmental Exposure, MESH: Female
Abstract: Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5−89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the fi rst of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantifi cation, particularly of modifi able risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the fi rst level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular fi ltration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5−89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2015
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17 results on '"Phua Hwee Pin"'

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5. Applying Gravity model to predict demand of public hospital beds

6. Impact of an ageing population on the intensive care unit

7. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

8. Effectiveness of twice daily oil‐based moisturizer in preventing skin dryness among healthcare workers

9. Health-related quality of life in a multiracial Asian interstitial lung disease cohort

10. Sepsis, cardiovascular events and short-term mortality risk in critically ill patients

11. Epidemiology and economic burden of bronchiectasis requiring hospitalisation in Singapore

12. Infectivity of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19

13. Singapore’s Experience with Digital Technology in COVID-19 Epidemiological Investigations and Outbreak Management (Preprint)

14. Effectiveness of twice daily oil‐based moisturizer in preventing skin dryness among healthcare workers.

15. Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment

16. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

17. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013

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