Search

The importance of studying particulate matter lies in its detrimental impact on human health and the environment. Industrial emissions often carry substantial dust content, necessitating the reduction of their environmental release. This study introduced a laboratory-scale photoelectric precipitator to assess its effectiveness in curbing particle emissions under varying temperature, humidity, and residence time conditions. This device operates in two stages: firstly, it charges particles by exposing copper wire surfaces to ultraviolet rays, generating photoelectrons in the airflow; secondly, it utilizes a positively charged collector surface for absorption and collection. Assessment under different temperature, residence time, and humidity conditions revealed that the system designed for 10 μm diameter particles displayed the highest efficiency. At 150℃, the removal efficiency was 39.55%, rising to 41.34% at 60% humidity and 43.58% with an 18-second residence time. Furthermore, increasing energy consumption from 144 j/l to 720 j/l resulted in a 10.93% efficiency increase, highlighting the correlation between energy input and system efficiency. High particulate matter levels diminish visibility, harm the climate, ecosystems, materials, and contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular ailments. These findings underline the photoelectric precipitator's potential in mitigating particulate matter's adverse effects on health and the environment. However, further research is warranted to optimize system design and explore additional parameters' impact on performance, ensuring its effectiveness in industrial processes to reduce particulate matter emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate fiber length measurement is essential for the processing and quality management of textile products. This article reviews the current methods used to measure fiber length, including manual, photoelectric, capacitive, and optical techniques. Existing sample preparation processes for natural fiber characterization have been primarily developed for cotton and wool fibers. However, hemp fibers present unique challenges due to their greater length variability, high strength, and low elongation, making some traditional sample preparation methods less effective. Image processing offers a promising approach for scalable and precise measurement of hemp fiber length. Nevertheless, current image processing techniques are limited by the inability to effectively handle overlapping fibers, which increases both the time and cost of testing. Continued research into developing more advanced segmentation algorithms could lead to more widely adopted commercial methods for fiber measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is an essential material for producing solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) sealant. It can be derived from bittern waste. The common approach uses membrane electrolysis, which requires complex equipment and high energy costs. Alternatively, direct electrolysis can be taken using proper parameters to maximize the production rate. This work analyzes the process according to the input voltage, which varies between 10 and 16 V. The designed working voltage is suitable for direct conversion from renewable sources such as photovoltaic. The evaluation shows that the working voltage notably affects the reaction rate of the bittern solution. The working voltage of 16 V has the lowest power factor (2.58), while the working voltage of 10 V indicates the highest power factor of 3.56. It makes the reaction rate for the working voltage of 10 V extremely low, causing the lowest production rate of MgO with only 4.27 g. Oppositely, the suitable working voltage improves the production of MgO up to 75%. Microscope evaluation indicates that the produced MgO from the process has a lower agglomeration concentration after heat treatment at 700 °C, which is desirable to ensure effective fuel transfer in fuel cell apparatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectric dual-mode sensors, which respond to strain signal through photoelectric dual-signals, hold great promise as wearable sensors in human motion monitoring. In this work, a photoelectric dual-mode sensor based on photonic crystals hydrogel was developed for human joint motion detection. The optical signal of the sensor originated from the structural color of photonic crystals, which was achieved by tuning the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres diameter. The reflective peak of the sensor, based on 250 nm PMMA PCs, shifted from 623 nm to 492 nm with 100% strain. Graphene was employed to enhance the electrical signal of the sensor, resulting in a conductivity increase from 9.33 × 10−4 S/m to 2 × 10−3 S/m with an increase in graphene from 0 to 8 mg·mL−1. Concurrently, the resistance of the hydrogel with 8 mg·mL−1 graphene increased from 160 kΩ to 485 kΩ with a gauge factor (GF) = 0.02 under 100% strain, while maintaining a good cyclic stability. The results of the sensing and monitoring of finger joint bending revealed a significant shift in the reflective peak of the photoelectric dual-mode sensor from 624 nm to 526 nm. Additionally, its resistance change rate was measured at 1.72 with a 90° bending angle. These findings suggest that the photoelectric dual-mode sensor had the capability to detect the strain signal with photoelectric dual-mode signals, and indicates its great potential for the sensing and monitoring of joint motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sn-doped Ga2O3 thin films and metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) ultraviolet detectors were prepared using the co-sputtering method to enhance their photoelectric performance. The results revealed that Sn doping can effectively change the optical and electrical properties of thin films, greatly improving the photoelectric responsiveness of the devices. Through microstructure testing results, all of the thin film structures were determined to be monoclinic beta phase gallium oxide. At a DC power of 30 W, the thickness of the Sn-doped thin film was 430 nm, the surface roughness of the thin film was 4.94 nm, and the carrier concentration, resistivity, and mobility reached 9.72 × 1018 cm−3, 1.60 × 10−4 Ω·cm, and 45.05 cm3/Vs, respectively. The optical results show that Sn doping clearly decreases the transmission of thin films and that the bandgap can decrease to 3.91 eV. Under 30 W DC power, the photo dark current ratio of the detector can reach 101, time responses of tr = 31 s and tf = 22.83 s were obtained, and the spectral responsivity reached 19.25 A/W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, owing to their distinct photoelectric attributes and boosted photoluminescence stability, has garnered substantial attention. Despite comprehensive examinations of the synthesis and optical characteristics of FAPbBr3 crystals, the understanding of their microstructure's implication on photoelectric applications, their electronic configuration, and electron-phonon interplay remains vague. In this study, we detailed the electronic configuration, phonon dispersion, and vibrational properties using density functional theory. We further calculated the formation enthalpy stability diagram. Characterization and calculation of the crystalline structure were accomplished via Rietveld refinement. Phonon dispersion curves, as well as total and partial phonon densities of states, were also calculated. The theoretical results align well with experimental Fourier infrared and Raman spectra. Beyond elementary characterization, we explored the photoelectric qualities of FAPbBr3 crystals, thereby reaffirming the outstanding photoelectric attributes and extensive application potential. A non-contact fixed-point lighting device was designed based on the principle of electromagnetic induction coils, which proved the uniformity of crystal luminescence. According to the first principle, FAPbBr3 possesses a Poisson ratio of 0.32, indicative of high flexibility, emphasizing their superb photoelectric characteristics and vast application scope.

Accurate fiber length measurement is essential for the processing and quality management of textile products. This article reviews the current methods used to measure fiber length, including manual, photoelectric, capacitive, and optical techniques. Existing sample preparation processes for natural fiber characterization have been primarily developed for cotton and wool fibers. However, hemp fibers present unique challenges due to their greater length variability, high strength, and low elongation, making some traditional sample preparation methods less effective. Image processing offers a promising approach for scalable and precise measurement of hemp fiber length. Nevertheless, current image processing techniques are limited by the inability to effectively handle overlapping fibers, which increases both the time and cost of testing. Continued research into developing more advanced segmentation algorithms could lead to more widely adopted commercial methods for fiber measurement.

The high integration and multifunctionality in flexible electronic device play an important role in its development. In this study, we developed multifunctional hydrogels integrated with supercapacitive, photoelectric, and strain-sensing capabilities. The hydrogel composite consists of PAM/PVA matrix with polyaniline (PANI) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as conductive components. Two different acid dopants, citric acid (CA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), were employed to investigate their impact on photoelectrochemical capabilities of hydrogels. Both CA-doped and HCl-doped hydrogels exhibited remarkable supercapacitive performance, achieving areal capacitances of 492 mF/cm2 and 538 mF/cm2, respectively. Furthermore, both hydrogels demonstrated photosensitivity towards shorter wavelengths such as ultraviolet (380 nm) and blue (475 nm) light. Lastly, the proposed hydrogels serving as highly sensitive strain sensors was verified through effectively sensing arm bending movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) are emerging as promising multifunctional nanomaterials for renewable energy and optoelectronics owing to their versatile properties. However, rational design principles to tailor their photoelectric and photoluminescent capabilities remain scarce. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) to provide fundamental insights into using urea, thiourea, and PPD ligands to modulate the bandgap, charge transfer dynamics, and recombination processes of BNQDs. Modeling explains that incorporating specific ligands enables visible light absorption, spatial charge separation, continuous photocatalytic cycling, and high quantum yields in BNQDs. The structure-property relationships established pave the way for targeted synthesis of high-performance BNQD photocatalysts and light emitters. Methods: This investigation utilized density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d,p) basis set to optimize the geometries of pristine and ligand-functionalized boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs). The absorption spectra were generated using time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). A Ti38O76 cluster modeled the TiO2 substrate. The cpcm solvation model in Gaussian 09 defined the toluene solvent. Cohesive energies, charge transfer lengths, recombination rates, and conversion efficiencies were calculated to establish structure-property relationships. Multiwfn analyzed the charge densities. The modeling provides insights into tuning BNQD photocatalytic and photoluminescent properties using specific ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectric dual-mode sensors, which respond to strain signal through photoelectric dual-signals, hold great promise as wearable sensors in human motion monitoring. In this work, a photoelectric dual-mode sensor based on photonic crystals hydrogel was developed for human joint motion detection. The optical signal of the sensor originated from the structural color of photonic crystals, which was achieved by tuning the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres diameter. The reflective peak of the sensor, based on 250 nm PMMA PCs, shifted from 623 nm to 492 nm with 100% strain. Graphene was employed to enhance the electrical signal of the sensor, resulting in a conductivity increase from 9.33 × 10−4 S/m to 2 × 10−3 S/m with an increase in graphene from 0 to 8 mg·mL−1. Concurrently, the resistance of the hydrogel with 8 mg·mL−1 graphene increased from 160 kΩ to 485 kΩ with a gauge factor (GF) = 0.02 under 100% strain, while maintaining a good cyclic stability. The results of the sensing and monitoring of finger joint bending revealed a significant shift in the reflective peak of the photoelectric dual-mode sensor from 624 nm to 526 nm. Additionally, its resistance change rate was measured at 1.72 with a 90° bending angle. These findings suggest that the photoelectric dual-mode sensor had the capability to detect the strain signal with photoelectric dual-mode signals, and indicates its great potential for the sensing and monitoring of joint motion.

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) era has necessitated the development of intelligent wearable electronics for fire warning to mitigate fire hazards prior to ignition. Although significant advancements are achieved in thermoelectric materials and devices, the design of a specific thermoelectric wearable device for precision fire warning still remains challenging. In this study, an intelligent sensing system for human IoT fire warning that utilizes a novel light/heat dual‐parameter‐responsive single‐walled carbon nanotube/poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (SWCNT/P3HT) composite is developed. This system comprises the composite, a circuit microcontroller, and a message transmission system, which together create an intelligent fire source sensing device. The synergistic effect of light and heat is observed to enhance the output voltage and response time under concurrent stimuli, as compared to heating alone. The intelligent sensing system is found to effectively identify and alarm for fire sources, owing to the high thermoelectric and photoelectric performance of the SWCNT/P3HT composite, precise fire recognition, and the ability to adjust the alarming threshold for detecting fire hazards. This study presents a new approach for designing light/heat dual‐parameter‐responsive materials and wearable devices, which hold potential applications in smart home living environments, including child protection against fire hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, all inorganic double perovskites have drawn a lot of interest as promising solar materials. The optical, structural, thermoelectric, electronic, and mechanical properties of double halide perovskites A2LiGaI6 (A = Cs, Rb) are explored via first-principles calculations with the WIEN2k code, using GGA PBEsol and TB-mBJ potentials. The majority of perovskite materials utilized in the highest-performing solar cells have bandgaps ranging between 1.48 and 1.62 eV. The compounds A2LiGaI6 (A = Cs, Rb) have a direct bandgap of 1.51 eV and 1.55 eV, respectively, and are expected to be useful in solar cells. The optical study shows that there are large absorption bands in the visible region, as determined by the dielectric constant, absorption, and other dependent factors. Their potential for use in solar cells is increased by their absorption in the visible part. The BoltzTraP code has been used to perform thermoelectric studies to assess the electrical, thermal conductivities, and Seebeck coefficient. They are important for construction of thermoelectric generators that harvest heat energy because of their high figure of merit and incredibly low thermal conductivity of lattice at ambient temperature. Furthermore, by examining the spectroscopic limit maximum efficiency, up to 30 % efficiency is predicted for both compositions, which paves the way for the applicability of them in solar energy conversion.

In order to meet the demand for infrared stealth materials in the military field, conjugated polymers containing Schiff base moieties were designed and prepared. Various dialdehyde monomers were introduced and their effect on the comprehensive properties were systematically characterized. The resulted polymers could be cast in solution to prepare polymer coatings. The coatings exhibited high thermal stability up to 400 °C at 5% weight loss, and excellent mechanical performance with high Young's modulus and hardness. The infrared emissivity values varied from 0.587 to 0.627 at wavelength of 8–14 µm and ranged from 0.595 to 0.609 at wavelength of 2–22 µm. Specifically, it was found that the ATTPAL structure with carbazole moieties had a lower band gap and better electrical conductivity by photoelectric test and DFT theoretical analysis. Meanwhile, the infrared emissivity value of ATTPAL coating was the lowest compared with p-phenyl and pyridyl containing analogues, suggesting it was potential material for the future development of infrared stealth technology. The combined results showed that reducing the band gap and improving the electrical conductivity of the structure were both beneficial to the reduction of infrared emissivity. It would positively provide new ideas for the design of infrared stealth materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors (PTCs) are crucial components in achieving high efficiency and thermal performance in thermoelectric power stations. This study presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of a PTC with dimensions of 2 m × 1.5 m, incorporating a flat glass cover to safeguard the reflector's optical properties and the glass envelope from environmental factors such as dust, moisture, wind, and rain, resulting in improved thermal insulation and efficiency. A uniform temperature distribution at the Heat Collecting Element (HCE) level is assumed. A mathematical model is developed based on simplifying assumptions, and physical phenomena, including mass transfer, light, and heat, are simulated using mathematical equations derived from equilibrium equations and the optical behavior of materials (reflection, absorption, transmission). The model's validity is established through a comparison of simulation and computational results. The effects of PTC length, water mass flow, and solar tracking pattern on the water exit temperature are subsequently explored. This investigation enables the identification of optimal PTC dimensions and mass flow rates to meet the temperature requirements for various industrial and domestic applications, while maintaining high efficiency and thermal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports one low-priced way for the production of CuFeTe2 films on the conductive glass surface. CuFeTe2 films were prepared by electrodeposition and treatment at 220 °C for 20 h in N2 atmosphere for the first time. The effect of different deposition potentials on the CuFeTe2 phase was studied. CuFeTe2 films were prepared by electrodeposition using copper sulfate, ammonium ferrous sulfate, tellurium dioxide, and sodium citrate as raw materials. When the deposition potential is −1.0 V and the deposition time is 20 min, CuFeTe2 thin films with good phrase formation can be obtained at 25 °C. The phase of samples was characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of samples was characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity of CuFeTe2 thin films prepared under these conditions is relatively good. The microcosmic morphology of the samples is granular crystals. The lattice constants of CuFeTe2 are also calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the impact of the environment on the accuracy and sensitivity of detection, and to meet the requirements of concealment from detection and being lightweight, a technology for detecting flying metal objects based on photoelectric composite sensors is proposed. The method first analyzes the target's characteristics and detection environment, and then compares and analyzes the methods for detecting typical flying metal objects. On the basis of the traditional eddy current model, the photoelectric composite detection model that meets the requirements of detecting flying metal objects was studied and designed. For the problems of the short detection distance and the long response time of the traditional eddy current model, the performance of the eddy current sensor was improved to meet the requirements of detection through optimizing the detection circuit and coil parameter model. Meanwhile, to meet the goal of being lightweight, an infrared detection array model applicable to flying metal bodies was designed, and simulation experiments of composite detection based on the model were conducted. The results show that the flying metal body detection model based on photoelectric composite sensors met the requirements of distance and response time for detecting flying metal bodies and may provide an avenue for exploring the composite detection of flying metal bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Developed a multi-unit solar/wave driven interfacial evaporation system (MSWDIES) • Developed a novel piezoelectric membrane with good ability of converting wave energy. • MSWDIES can produce water and electricity and is scalable by novel hinged structure. • MSWDIES reached 1.46 kg m-2h−1 of evaporation and 1.01 W m−2 of electrical output. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) has become an innovative and sustainable technology for seawater desalination to produce fresh water, and its integration with other energy conversion technologies (photoelectric, piezoelectric, etc.) for power generation, wastewater treatment, etc. has attracted increasing attention. In this work, a light absorber based on nickel foam-loaded CNTs doped with TiO 2 and Ag is fabricated, which can utilize solar energy at different wavelengths, by simultaneous photothermal and photoelectric conversion; Meanwhile, a BT-P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric film is formed via P(VDF-TrFE) doped with BaTiO 3 (BT); these two layers, together with the thermal insulating water transport layer and the electrode, form the solar/wave driven interfacial evaporation unit (SWDIEU), which produces fresh water and electricity. Besides, a hinge-like structure is designed to connect and extend the SWDIEU to solve the problem of piezoelectric layer deformation limited by other structures. The piezoelectric voltage of the 2-unit system is increased by 45 times and the power density of 489 times compared to the single-unit system, making the integrated system easily scalable. The system achieves an evaporation rate of 1.46 kg m-2h−1 and an electric power output of 1.01 W/m−2 under 1 sun and 1 Hz waves, and is capable of organic wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review offers an overview of the synthesis and photoelectric applications of various derivatives of perylene bisimides at different positions, spanning from the imide to bay positions, achieved over the past decade. The synthesis of PBIs involves several routes, including classical methods such as condensation reactions and modern strategies like click chemistry and photochemistry. These methods offer control over the molecular structure, allowing for tailored properties suited for specific applications. In photoelectric applications, PBIs exhibit exceptional characteristics like exceptional photostability, strong absorption within the visible spectrum, and effective charge mobility. These attributes render PBIs excellent candidates for applications such as organic photovoltaics, OLEDs, sensors and organic field-effect transistors. In this review we delve into the development of novel synthetic methodologies, highlighting recent advances in synthetic tools such as C–C coupling and C–H activation. Additionally, the review explores the diverse photoelectric applications of these derivatives, encompassing optical properties, redox behavior, molecular self-assembly, and photo-induced electron transfer characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with retinal degenerative diseases, vision restoration is feasible through implanted artificial retinal prostheses to stimulate surviving neurons. Photoelectric composites based on ferroelectric polymers have been attempted to construct retinal prostheses. However, these materials normally have a low photoelectric response and a narrow response wavelength range. Here, we synthesize conjugated poly-Schiff base nanoparticles with ultra-small size, and the nanocomposites of the nanoparticles and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) ferroelectric polymer generate a high photoelectric response (maximum peak-to-peak voltage > 90 V) under visible and near-infrared light. This flexible all-organic nanocomposite has good biocompatibility and can establish effective signal transduction with neuron cells. We explored the use of composites to construct ferroelectric retinal prostheses. Electrophysiological tests and animal behavior analysis have preliminary shown that implanted retinal prostheses can restore the visible light sensitivity of blind rats and further endow them with the ability to perceive infrared light, demonstrating their potential application in bioelectronics. This work presents a novel all-organic ferroelectric polymer composite with flexibility, biocompatibility, and excellent photoelectric response that can be used for artificial retinal prostheses. The nanocomposite composed of ultra-small conjugated nanoparticles and ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) exhibits excellent photo-pyroelectric response under visible and infrared light, with a peak-to-peak voltage exceeding 90 V. The ultra-thin retinal prostheses (∼ 20 µm) constructed from this nanocomposite can directly stimulate nerve cells, effectively restore the visual function of blind rats, and endow them with infrared light sensitivity. [Display omitted] • A novel photo-responsive Schiff base polymer has been synthesized. • Constructed composites of ferroelectric polymers and Schiff base polymers. • The composites exhibit strong photo-pyroelectric responses in the Vis–NIR range. • The composites are used in implanted retinal prostheses. • The prostheses can effectively restore the light sensitivity of blind rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have calculated the electronic structure and optical properties of the doped system formed by replacing sulfur in titanium disulfide with boron (B), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and phosphorus (P) using the density functional theory (DFT) based CASTEP software package. The results reveal that 1T-TiS2 is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 0.168 eV. Dopings change the bandgap of TiS2. The addition of nitrogen and oxygen makes the bandgap of the system wider while improving the stability of TiS2. The optical absorption boundary undergoes different degrees of blue shift, and the magnitude of the range of blue shift is ordered as Ti4S7O > Ti4S7C > Ti4S7B > Ti4S7N > Ti4S7P; new peaks in both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the B and O doped systems were generated, which significantly improved charge storage ability and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of TiS2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectric synapse is a new type of artificial synapse that combines light pulse excitation and electrical pulse excitation, and is an important component for the development of neuromorphic hardware. In this work, the Bi2FeMnO6 ferroelectric artificial synapse with optoelectronic response is reported. It can generate an excitatory post-synaptic current through ultraviolet light irradiation and then modulate the excitatory post-synaptic current through ferroelectric polarization, thereby realizing a photo-ferroelectric dual-control synapse. A training method based on ultraviolet excitation and ferroelectric enhancement is proposed, which greatly reduced the number of training pulses and increased the plasticity of the synapse. The optimized spike scheme based on ferroelectricity is proposed, which made the synapse have very linear weight adjustment function. This synapse is used to build a convolutional neural network, which can achieve 98.80% recognition accuracy on the MNIST dataset. In addition, the ferroelectricity and multi-level resistive switching effect of synapse have also been reported.

Although monitoring greenhouse gases (GHG) is of crucial significance in addressing global climate change, contemporary GHG measuring equipment is expensive, bulky, and installed in only a few areas, leading to several limitations for responding in real-time. Besides, there are difficulties in measuring atmospheric constitutions in living spaces due to problems caused by the detection method that is used in measuring devices and the limits of observation incurred by spatial and operational contingencies. Here, we report a graphene-based photoelectric detector that provides low-cost and high-precision monitoring of GHGs, irrespective of the contiguity of the gas to the sensor unit. The graphene photodetection materials, laminated under high temperature and pressure conditions, were designed as three-dimensional elements in order to optimally absorb light energy passed through the GHG layers. As a result, the photoelectric detector indicated accurate responsivity to 216 ppm of carbon dioxide, 0.06 ppm of carbon monoxide, and 0.88 ppm of mixed methane and carbon dioxide gas. Of greater interest, it showed a high responsivity of 45% when 12 μW/cm2 of incident light passed through 1.09 ppm of carbon monoxide atmosphere. Our study is at the cornerstone of building high-density GHG monitoring networks within cities and metropolitan areas. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of doping Mn2+ ions with cobalt ferrite (CoFe3O4) is examined. The photoelectric and optoelectronic behaviors of manganese cobalt ferrite (MnxCo1-xFe3O4) nanomagnetic samples grown by co-precipitation were examined. The effect of cation redistribution on octahedral sublattice site-B and tetrahedral sublattice site-A was investigated. X-ray analysis revealed the formation of Fe-phase in trivalent state and single-phased cubic spinel framework that exhibit a preferred orientation along (311) reflection plane. The crystallite size was determined by Scherer equation with values ranging between 9.02 nm and 32.64 nm. The Mn2+-rich Mn–CoFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibit low optical losses, whereas Mn2+-poor Mn–CoFe2O4 samples exhibit high optical losses. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of metal oxide, hydroxyl group and carboxylic group in the ferrite samples. The EDX plot provides evidence of the presence of Mn2+, Co2+, Fe3+, and O2− ions in proper ratio confirming the desired stoichiometric composition. Mn2+-rich Mn–CoFe2O4 samples showed the formation of enhanced photoelectric conductivity and photodiode characteristics. Optical analysis showed that Mn2+-rich Mn–CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are suitable as infrared (IR) detectors, optoelectronic devices and ultraviolet detectors. VSM measurements showed an increase in magnetic saturation and decrease in coercivity as Mn2+ ion composition is increased. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy revealed the emission of a series of colors, such as violet, green and yellow at different wavelengths. Mn–Co ferrite exhibits multi-magnetic domain structure and is hard magnetic material due to Hc > Mr/2, and it is useful for high-frequency device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Studies were carried out on the power supply control process of a food industry enterprise using a photoelectric plant and electric energy storage to ensure the efficiency of transmission and use of electrical energy. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using the methods of modern theory of automatic control and system analysis of control processes. Results and discussion. The main stages of the power supply control process using a photovoltaic plant and an energy storage system are defined: basic control functions - registration of electric energy consumption, forecasting of electric energy generation using a photovoltaic plant, forecasting of electric energy consumption, determination of parameters of the electric energy storage system, analysis power supply system modes; conditions for providing control functions - information on solar radiation; data on electric energy generation using photovoltaic plant, data on electric energy consumption, limitations and tariffs for electric energy, requirements for the accuracy of forecasting electricity consumption and generation of electric energy using photovoltaic plant, data on energy storage system (current charge, maximum and minimum permissible charges), decision-making on optimization of power supply; organizational and technical mechanisms for the implementation of management functions - information and computing complex, energy dispatcher, chief energy engineer; the database of the electrical supply control system, which is used to prepare decisions; basic information flows that ensure the management of electricity supply - forecast values of meteorological data, current data on electric energy consumption, management actions on the regulation of photovoltaic plant and energy storage system, current data on power supply mode parameters; current data on power supply configuration; control actions on optimization of power supply regimes, management actions on the management of electricity quality indicators; control actions for changing the configuration of the power supply. The functional scheme of power supply control using photovoltaic plant and energy storage system is presented and the requirements for individual units are formulated. The synthesis of the food industry enterprise power supply control system is carried out using the method of ensuring compatibility through sequential integration. In order to ensure energy-efficient power supply of food industry enterprise and optimal use of photovoltaic plant and energy storage system, optimization of modes is carried out using dynamic programming methods. Conclusion. The development of control systems for power supply of food industry enterprise using photovoltaic plant and energy storage system based on system analysis and compatibility with the use of mode optimization using dynamic programming methods ensures high efficiency of power supply and rational modes of use of photovoltaic plant and energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In recent years, emerging two-dimensional (2D) platinum diselenide (PtSe2) has quickly attracted the attention of the research community due to its novel physical and chemical properties. For the past few years, increasing research achievements on 2D PtSe2 have been reported toward the fundamental science and various potential applications of PtSe2. In this review, the properties and structure characteristics of 2D PtSe2 are discussed at first. Then, the recent advances in synthesis of PtSe2 as well as their applications are reviewed. At last, potential perspectives in exploring the application of 2D PtSe2 are reviewed.

At present, nanomaterials with high-quality photoelectric properties are urgently needed to be used in the manufacture of solar cells. In this study, the hydrothermal synthesis method was first used to grow ZnO nanorod arrays, and then a layer of WO3 thin film with controllable thickness was prepared on ZnO nanorod arrays by magnetron sputtering, forming a series of WO3@ZnO nanocomposite heterojunction. We found that the value of the photocurrent of the prepared nanocomposite samples is nearly 30 times higher than WO3 films under illumination, and it is more stable. The results show that this controllable microstructure can further modify the surface properties of ZnO nanorods, and possess the high visible absorption and photoelectric conversion efficiency. By controlling the thickness of the WO3 film, the band can be regulated and ultimately optimized the photoelectrochemical properties of the composite structure.

In order to reduce the impact of the environment on the accuracy and sensitivity of detection, and to meet the requirements of concealment from detection and being lightweight, a technology for detecting flying metal objects based on photoelectric composite sensors is proposed. The method first analyzes the target’s characteristics and detection environment, and then compares and analyzes the methods for detecting typical flying metal objects. On the basis of the traditional eddy current model, the photoelectric composite detection model that meets the requirements of detecting flying metal objects was studied and designed. For the problems of the short detection distance and the long response time of the traditional eddy current model, the performance of the eddy current sensor was improved to meet the requirements of detection through optimizing the detection circuit and coil parameter model. Meanwhile, to meet the goal of being lightweight, an infrared detection array model applicable to flying metal bodies was designed, and simulation experiments of composite detection based on the model were conducted. The results show that the flying metal body detection model based on photoelectric composite sensors met the requirements of distance and response time for detecting flying metal bodies and may provide an avenue for exploring the composite detection of flying metal bodies.

The dental implant market has experienced explosive growth, owing to the widespread acceptance of implants as the core of oral rehabilitation. Clinically, achieving simultaneous anti-infective effects and rapid osseointegration is a crucial but challenging task for implants. The demand for implants with long-term broad-spectrum antibacterial and immune-osteogenic properties is growing. Existing methods are limited by a lack of safety, efficiency, short-lasting anti-infective ability, and inadequate consideration of the immunomodulatory effects on osteogenesis. Herein, a ZnO/black TiO 2- x heterojunction surface structure was designed as a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nanofilm immobilized on a titanium (Ti) implant surface. This nanofilm introduces abundant oxygen vacancies and heterojunctions, which enhance the photothermal and photoelectric abilities of Ti implants under NIR illumination by narrowing the band gap and improving interfacial charge transfer. The "photo-thermo-electric" implant exhibits excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy against three dental pathogenic bacteria ( Porphyromonas gingivalis , Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Staphylococcus aureus , >99.4%) by destroying the bacterial membrane and increasing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the implant can effectively eliminate mature multispecies biofilms and kill bacteria inside the biofilms under NIR irradiation. Meanwhile, this implant can also induce the pro-regenerative transformation of macrophages and promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, in vivo results confirmed the superior antibacterial and osteoimmunomodulatory properties of this dental implant. RNA sequencing revealed that the underlying osteogenic mechanisms involve activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and bone development. Overall, this versatile "photo-thermo-electric" platform endows implants with anti-infection and bone integration performance simultaneously, which holds great potential for dental implants.

Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites (HPs) are of significant interest to researchers because of their natural structural frameworks and intriguing optoelectronic properties. However, the direct fabrication of ordered mixed-spacer quasi-2D HPs remains challenging. Herein, a synthetic strategy inspired by the principle of supramolecular synthons is employed for the self-assembly of a series of ordered mixed-spacer bilayered HPs. The key innovation involves the introduction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds using a bifunctional 3-aminopropionitrile cation. Three homogeneous n = 2 structures are obtained, with a subtly ordered perovskite connected by two distinct types of organic cation layers, resulting in a recurrent ABAB' stacking sequence. These three compounds exhibit attractive semiconducting properties. Moderate bandgaps in the range of 2.70 to 2.76 eV with an absorption wavelength range of 448-459 nm exhibit excellent photoelectric response. Moreover, the ordered structures facilitate excellent polarization-sensitive photodetection, with an impressive on/off ratio of 10 3 . The response speed ranged from 298 to 381 µs, and the out-of-plane polarization-related dichroism ratio is determined to be 1.19. Such ordered mixed-spacer bilayered perovskites have not been reported. These results enrich the HPs system and play a significant role in the direct assembly of novel perovskites with ordered structures., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Modeling of the photoelectric and thermoelectric integrated micropower generator is proposed in this article. This generator consists of a photoelectric generator and a microthermoelectric generator that can harvest optical and thermal energy at the same time. Photoelectric generator in this design is composed of several parallel p–n junctions on silicon substrate with Poly-Si electrodes above to receive light from both the top and the bottom sides of the chip. In order to take the advantage of CMOS process and integrate with the photoelectric generator, the microthermoelectric generator is designed to be hybrid and composed of series-wound thermocouples. The proposed model is based on the photovoltaic effect and the Seebeck effect. According to the results of the experiments, when light is received from the top side of the chip, the efficiency of the photoelectric generator is 4.11% and it is 0.5% when the bottom side is chosen to receive light. Geometry of the thermocouples dominates the performance of the microthermoelectric generator in this design. When the length and the width of the thermal legs are 75 and $20~\mu \text{m}$ , respectively, the microthermoelectric generator has the experimental output voltage factor of $0.316 {\mathrm {Vcm}}^{-{2}}\text{K}^{-{1}}$. The measured maximum output power factor of the microthermoelectric generator is $6.34\times 10^{{-{3}}}\,\,\mu {\mathrm {Wcm}}^{-{2}}\text{K}^{-{2}}$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite has drawn much attention in photoelectric fields due to its unique properties, and it is mostly applied to solar cell devices, laser technology, and other research fields. For improving these applications, the absorption and stability of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite are both critical. In this work, we proposed a perovskite absorber consisting of CH3NH3PbI3 and silver nanowires (AgNWs) for broadening its photoelectric applications. Using AgNWs, the combined perovskite material had a 5.3-fold enhancement in the absorption coefficient relative to that of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite, which is comparable to the enhancement observed for CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite with ZnO nanorod arrays. In addition to absorption enhancement, the perovskite absorber also showed good long-term stability. Optical absorption measurements revealed that the electromagnetic field induced by the AgNWs increased the diffusion velocity of excitons and decreased exciton recombination, and the enhanced effect varied with the AgNWs content. Compared to other CH3NH3PbI3 absorber materials, the CH3NH3PbI3-AgNWs complex showed a higher performance due to the higher density of electrons around perovskite. Our work paved the road to the designing of the CH3NH3PbI3-based complex, for improving the performance of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and further its applications in optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The current study investigated the combination of high Z atoms (iodine-, platinium-based drugs) with using low energy irradiation (120kvp) in Anaplastic Thyroid cancer cells. Material and Methods: For this purpose, eight groups were designed: control (CNT), different concentrations of Iodine contrast media (ICM), irradiation with various doses, Cis-platin (CDDP) with different concentrations, (ICM + CDDP), (ICM + RAD), (CDDP + RAD) and (ICM + CDDP + RAD). The viability was measured by MTT and Colony assay. In MTT assay, the viability of 8305c cells RAD (2 Gy)+ICM (10mg/mL) group was significantly lower than those treated with RAD or ICM alone. CDDP +ICM+RAD group significantly decreased the viability. In colony assay, cells in ICM + RAD (2 Gy) group reduced the number of colonies more significant than RAD group. The difference of colony forming ability between CDDP and CDDP + RAD (2 Gy) was significant. The difference of ICM + CDDP + RAD (2 Gy) and CDDP +RAD (2 Gy) group was significant. All data were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Chafe’s multi-comparisons tests. All data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 16). Significance was considered to be p

The organic-inorganic hybrid halide compounds have emerged as one of the most promising photoelectric material for their superior optoelectronic properties and hold great prospects for renewable energy substitutes and environmental protection as photocatalysis. Here, we report the optical properties of the Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric materials: pyridine-4-aminium tetrachloroantimonate ((C 5 H 7 N 2)SbCl 4 , sample 1), piperidin-1-aminium tetrachloroantimonate ((C 5 H 13 N 2)SbCl 4 , sample 2) and tris(trimethylammonium) nonachlorodiantimonate (((CH 3) 3 NH) 3 Sb 2 Cl 9 , sample 3), which are a kind of exploited efficient photocatalysts. Samples 2 and 3 exhibit distinct photoelectric respond, which are mainly ascribed to their minor narrow band-gap compared with sample 1. For the ferroelectrics, the intrinsic of spontaneous polarization of sample 3 at room temperature is favourable for the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes within the photorespond process. Moreover, sample 3 shows the highest efficiency of photo-decomposed Rhodamine B (90.2% within 80 min) and Methyl Orange (MO) (97.4% within 50 min), thanks to the photo-excited electrons and holes promoting the formation of oxidative radical species during the photo-redox progress. These findings prove that the development of a novel Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid halide compounds with good stability in the degradation of organic dyes paves a way to designing new photocatalyst. Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Weyl semimetal is a novel crystal with low-energy electronic excitations that behave as Weyl fermions. It has received worldwide interest and was believed to have introduced the next era of condensed matter physics after graphene and three-dimensional topological insulators. However, it is not easy to obtain a single large-sized crystal because there are many nucleations in the preparation process. A bottom-seed CVT growth method is proposed in this paper, and we acquired the large-sized, high-quality NbAs single crystals up to 4 × 3 × 3 mm3 finally. X-ray diffraction and STEM confirmed that they are tetragonal NbAs, which the key is to using the seed crystal in a vertical growth furnace. Notably, the photoelectric properties of the crystal are obtained under the existing conditions, which paves the way for follow-up work.

Abstract As the advanced functional materials, silver nanoparticles are potentially useful in various fields such as photoelectric, bio-sensing, catalysis, antibacterial and other fields, which are mainly based on their various properties. However, the properties of silver nanoparticles are usually determined by their size, shape, and surrounding medium, which can be modulated by various synthesis methods. In this review, the fabrication methods for synthesizing silver nanoparticles of different shapes and specific size are illustrated in detail. Besides, the corresponding properties and applications of silver nanoparticles are also discussed in this paper.

Photostriction of lanthanum‐modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) was commonly attributed to the combination of anomalous photovoltaic effect and inverse piezoelectric response. Herein, distinct photostrictions are detected in both poled and unpoled PLZT ceramics under 405 and 520 nm laser illuminations. The maximum photostriction around 0.09% is obtained in unpoled PLZT under 405 nm illumination, which is nine times of previously reported value that deduced from poled PLZT. The photoelectric and photovoltaic characterizations of poled/unpoled PLZT further evidence that the detected photostriction shows no direct association with the photovoltage‐induced inverse piezoresponse. The light‐induced microstructure changes observed by in situ piezoelectric force microscopy are revealed by domain evolutions along the boundaries. The possible photostriction mechanism of PLZT is attributed to the strong photo‐induced electron‐lattice coupling, which is suggested by the light‐induced changes of the Zr/Ti‐O‐Zr/Ti bonds reflected by the power‐dependent Raman spectra. This study extends the photostriction of PLZT to visible light range and will also stimulate reappraisal of the underlying mechanism of photostrictive effect involving ferroelectrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, different content of antimony (Sb) doped znicoxide (ZnO)nano wires were epitaxially deposited on sapphire(c-Al2O3) by chemical vapor deposition method. Themorphology, composition and photoelectric properties of Sbdoped ZnO nanowires were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, PL and Hall effect measurement, respectively. The XPS results showed that Sb atoms were successfully incorporated into ZnO nano wires crystal structure. The PL spectral analysis showed that as the Sb doping content increasing, the defect concent ration of the nanowire increased, and the crystallinity of the nanowire deteriorated. The Hall effect test results showed that the nanowires were exhibit p-type conductivity with in the doping content range of3~ 4.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A differential photoelectrochemical (PEC) method for glucose determination is reported using a nanocomposite with double mimic enzymes of glucose oxidase (GOx) and peroxidase. The nanocomposite was prepared by soaking zeolite imidazole framework-67 (ZIF-67) in 0.1 M NaOH solution at room temperature for 30 min, abbreviated as CoxOyHz@ZIF-67. The Michaelis–Menten constant of CoxOyHz@ZIF-67 to H2O2 and glucose is 121 μM and 3.95 mM, respectively. Using the photoelectrode of CoxOyHz@ZIF-67/TiO2 nanotubes (NTs), glucose was oxidized firstly by dissolved oxygen to generate H2O2 under the catalysis of CoxOyHz film as the mimics of GOx. The product of H2O2 enhanced the photocurrent of TiO2 NTs under the catalysis of ZIF-67 as the mimics of peroxidase. The molecular sieve effect of ZIF-67 frameworks reduces the interferences from molecules with size larger than the apertures in ZIF-67. Under the excitation of a 150 W xenon lamp with full spectrum, the photocurrent was measured in a two-electrode system without external additional potential. By using the photocurrent difference between two photocells, i.e CoxOyHz@ZIF-67/TiO2 NTs and Pt electrode, ZIF-67/TiO2 NTs and Pt electrode, as the signal, the selectivity for glucose determination is improved further. The differential PEC method was applied to the determination of glucose with a linear range 0.1 μM~1 mM and a detection limit of 0.03 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A comprehensive review of the recent development of two-dimensional (2D) PtSe2 synthesis strategies has been extensively surveyed. The applications of 2D PtSe2 materials in areas, including opto/electric devices, photocatalysis, hydrogen evolution reaction, and sensors, have been reviewed. Current challenges in the development of 2D PtSe2 materials are identified, and outlooks toward unexplored research areas are suggested.In recent years, emerging two-dimensional (2D) platinum diselenide (PtSe2) has quickly attracted the attention of the research community due to its novel physical and chemical properties. For the past few years, increasing research achievements on 2D PtSe2 have been reported toward the fundamental science and various potential applications of PtSe2. In this review, the properties and structure characteristics of 2D PtSe2 are discussed at first. Then, the recent advances in synthesis of PtSe2 as well as their applications are reviewed. At last, potential perspectives in exploring the application of 2D PtSe2 are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofibers fabricated via electrospinning have specific surface approximately one to two orders of the magnitude larger than flat films, making them excellent candidates for potential applications in sensors. This review is an attempt to give an overview on gas sensors using electrospun nanofibers comprising polyelectrolytes, conducting polymer composites, and semiconductors based on various sensing techniques such as acoustic wave, resistive, photoelectric, and optical techniques. The results of sensing experiments indicate that the nanofiber-based sensors showed much higher sensitivity and quicker responses to target gases, compared with sensors based on flat films.