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25. He Kāinga Oranga: reflections on 25 years of measuring the improved health, wellbeing and sustainability of healthier housing

Author

Howden-Chapman, Philippa, primary, Crane, Julian, additional, Keall, Michael, additional, Pierse, Nevil, additional, Baker, Michael G., additional, Cunningham, Chris, additional, Amore, Kate, additional, Aspinall, Clare, additional, Bennett, Julie, additional, Bierre, Sarah, additional, Boulic, Mikael, additional, Chapman, Ralph, additional, Chisholm, Elinor, additional, Davies, Cheryl, additional, Fougere, Geoff, additional, Fraser, Brodie, additional, Fyfe, Caro, additional, Grant, Libby, additional, Grimes, Arthur, additional, Halley, Caroline, additional, Logan-Riley, Amber, additional, Nathan, Kim, additional, Olin, Crystal, additional, Ombler, Jenny, additional, O’Sullivan, Kimberley, additional, Pehi, Tiria, additional, Penny, Guy, additional, Phipps, Robyn, additional, Plagman, Manfred, additional, Randal, Edward, additional, Riggs, Lynn, additional, Robson, Bridget, additional, Ruru, Jacinta, additional, Shaw, Caroline, additional, Schrader, Ben, additional, Teariki, Mary Anne, additional, Telfar Barnard, Lucy, additional, Tiatia, Ramona, additional, Toy-Cronin, Bridgette, additional, Tupara, Hope, additional, Viggers, Helen, additional, Wall, Teresa, additional, Wilkie, Marg, additional, Woodward, Alistair, additional, and Zhang, Wei, additional

Published
2023
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29. Impact on primary school classrooms temperature and ventilation from using a roof-mounted solar air heater: a winter case study in New Zealand

Author

Wang, Yu, Boulic, Mikael, Phipps, Robyn, Plagmann, Manfred, and Cunningham, Chris

Subjects
Uncategorized
Abstract

Classrooms that rely on natural ventilation are often under ventilated in winter. However, conventional mechanical ventilation is prohibitively expensive for schools. This study investigates the impact on temperature and ventilation in New Zealand (NZ) primary classrooms in winter, with the intervention of operating a roof-mounted solar air heater (SAH). This study was carried out in NZ school Term 3 (from end July to end September) in 2013 and 2014. Two adjacent classrooms (Room 1 and Room 2) from one school participated. These two classrooms had very similar construction characteristics and population characteristics. In 2013, baseline monitoring was conducted. In 2014, Room 1 was the control, Room 2 was the treatment. Ambient air is heated by the SAH, and this heated air was delivered to the treatment classroom. Heater use hours, temperature levels and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in both classrooms were measured. The ventilation rate was estimated using traces gas decay techniques. In 2013, the temperature levels in Room 1 (21.8 ºC ± 1.4 ºC) were statistically significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in Room 2 (23.9 ºC ± 1.5 ºC), with the temperature difference of 2.1 ºC. In 2014, the temperature difference between Room 2 (treatment) and Room 1 (control) increased to 2.7 ºC. However, the ratio of total daily heater use (Room2/Room1) reduced from 2.3 (227 hours difference) in 2013 to 1.9 (191 hours difference) in 2014. In 2013, CO2 levels in Room 1 were statistically significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in Room 2. In 2014, CO2 concentrations had no differences between these two classrooms. Between both classrooms, mean (±sd) ventilation rate was from 1.7 (± 1.5) to 2.6 (± 2.4) h-1, or from 3.0 (± 2.4) to 4.2 (± 3.9) l/s/person. This study indicates that operating a SAH played a positive role in increasing room temperature and ventilation rate, while reducing the consumption of purchased energy.

Published
2023
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30. He Kāinga Oranga: reflections on 25 years of measuring the improved health, wellbeing and sustainability of healthier housing

Author

Howden-Chapman, Philippa, Crane, Julian, Keall, Michael, Pierse, Nevil, Baker, Michael, Cunningham, Chris, Amore, Kate, Aspinall, Clare, Bennett, Julie, Bierre, Sarah, Boulic, Mikael, Chapman, Ralph, Chisholm, Elinor, Davies, Cheryl, Fougere, Geoff, Brodie, Fraser, Fyfe, Caro, Grant, Libby, Grimes, Arthur, Halley, Caroline, Logan-Riley, Amber, Nathan, Kim, Olin, Crystal, Ombler, Jenny, O'Sullivan, Kimberly, Pehi, Tiria, Penny, Guy, Phipps, Robyn, Plagman, Manfred, Randal, Edward, Riggs, Lynn, Robson, Bridget, Ruru, Jacinta, Shaw, Caroline, Schrader, Mary Anne Teariki, Barnard, Lucy Telfar, Tiatia, Ramona, Toy-Cronin, Bridgette, Tupara, Hope, Viggers, Helen, Wall, Teresa, Wilkie, Marg, Woodward, Alistair, and Zhang, Wei

Subjects
Uncategorized
Abstract

No description supplied

Published
2023
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31. Indoor air quality, largely neglected and in urgent need of a refresh

Author

Howden-Chapman, Philippa, primary, Bennett, Julie, additional, Shorter, Caroline, additional, Kvalsvig, Amanda, additional, Barnard, Lucy, additional, Wilson, Nick, additional, Crane, Julian, additional, Douwes, Jeroen, additional, Cunningham, Chris, additional, Taptiklis, Phoebe, additional, Phipps, Robyn, additional, Trompetter, Bill, additional, Plagmann, Manfred, additional, Boulic, Mikael, additional, Summers, Jennifer, additional, Berry, Terri-Ann, additional, and Baker, Michael, additional

Published
2022
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33. The respiratory health effects of nitrogen dioxide in children with asthma

Author

Gillespie-Bennett, J, Pierse, N, Wickens, K, Crane, J, Howden-Chapman, P, Shields, H, Viggers, H, Free, S, Phipps, Robyn, Fjallstrom, P, Boulic, M, Cunningham, M, Lloyd, B, Cunningham, C, Chapman, Ralph, Bullen, C, and Woodward, A

Subjects
110299 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology not elsewhere classified, FOS: Clinical medicine, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Health sciences
Abstract

There is growing evidence that asthma symptoms can be aggravated or events triggered by exposure to indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emitted from unflued gas heating. The impact of NO2 on the respiratory health of children with asthma was explored as a secondary analysis of a randomised community trial, involving 409 households during the winter period in 2006 (June to September). Geometric mean indoor NO2 levels were 11.4 μg·m-3, while outdoor NO2 levels were 7.4 μg·m-3. Higher indoor NO2 levels (per logged unit increase) were associated with greater daily reports of lower (mean ratio 14, 95% CI 1.12-1.16) and upper respiratory tract symptoms (mean ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), more frequent cough and wheeze, and more frequent reliever use during the day, but had no effect on preventer use. Higher indoor NO2 levels (per logged unit increase) were associated with a decrease in morning (-17.25 mL, 95% CI -27.63- -6.68) and evening (-13.21, 95% CI -26.03- -0.38) forced expiratory volume in 1 s readings. Outdoor NO2 was not associated with respiratory tract symptoms, asthma symptoms, medication use or lung function measurements. These findings indicate that reducing NO2 exposure indoors is important in improving the respiratory health of children with asthma. Copyright©ERS 2011.

Published
2022
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38. Deployment issues for integrated open-source-Based indoor air quality school Monitoring Box (SKOMOBO)

Author

Wang, Y, Jang-Jaccard, J, Boulic, M, Phipps, Robyn, Chitty, C, Weyers, R, Moses, A, Olivares, G, Ponder-Sutton, A, and Cunningham, C

Subjects
Uncategorized
Abstract

A low-cost, low power consumption indoor environment monitoring device, called SKOMOBO (SKOol Monitoring Box), was developed. SKOMOBO includes the sensors to monitor temperature/relative humidity, carbon dioxide, particulate matter (PM) and motion (PIR). SKOMOBO was developed using the open source software on Arduino Pro Mini. 165 units of SKOMOBO were manufactured at Massey University (New Zealand) in September 2017. These units were then deployed across New Zealand to monitor the indoor air quality in primary school classrooms. This paper describes the practical deployment issues we faced and lessons learnt prior/during the field study aimed at understanding the connection between the air quality and student performance. We believe that the discussion in this paper is of importance and could potentially save a lot of money and effort for other similar sensor products.

Published
2022
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40. Solar energy

Author

Williamson, Arthur, Phipps, Robyn, Bittar, Antoine, Gardiner, Alistair, and Sims, Ralph

Published
1996

41. Indoor air quality, largely neglected and in urgent need of a refresh.

Author

Bennett, Julie, Shorter, Caroline, Kvalsvig, Amanda, Barnard, Lucy Telfar, Wilson, Nick, Crane, Julian, Douwes, Jeroen, Cunningham, Chris, Taptiklis, Phoebe, Phipps, Robyn, Trompetter, Bill, Plagmann, Manfred, Boulic, Mikael, Summers, Jennifer, Berry, Terri-Ann, Baker, Michael G., Howden-Chapman, Philippa, and Telfar Barnard, Lucy

Published
2022

42. Associations of house characteristics with indoor dampness and measured moisture: Results from three New Zealand House Condition Surveys in 2005, 2010 and 2015

Author

Taptiklis, Phoebe, Phipps, Robyn, Jones, Mark, and Douwes, Jeroen

Subjects
120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, 50299 Environmental Science and Management not elsewhere classified, FOS: Civil engineering, 120299 Building not elsewhere classified
Abstract

No description supplied

Published
2021
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43. Effects of operating a solar air heater on the indoor air quality in classrooms during the winter : a case study of Palmerston North primary schools : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Building Technology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Author

Phipps, Robyn, Wang, Yu, Phipps, Robyn, and Wang, Yu

Abstract

Schools are densely populated places, where children spend a large amount of their time. The indoor air quality (IAQ) in classrooms impacts students’ health, academic outcomes and school absences (Borras-Santos et al., 2013; Mi et al., 2006; Shendell, Prill, et al., 2004; Smedje and Norbäck, 2000; Taskinen et al., 2007). Three New Zealand (NZ) studies have found low ventilation rates, low temperature levels, high relative humidity (RH) levels and high carbon dioxide (CO2) levels during the winter months in NZ primary schools (Bassett and Gibson, 1999; Cutler-Welsh, 2006; McIntosh, 2011). These results show a need to improve the indoor environment in NZ schools during the winter. NZ school hours, from 9 am to 3 pm, are well aligned with the optimum solar radiation and classrooms lend themselves to heat from solar energy. A project was undertaken to investigate if operating a roof-mounted solar air heater (SAH) could improve the classroom IAQ during the winter. This two-year crossover project was undertaken in four Palmerston North (PN), NZ primary schools in 2013 and six PN, NZ primary schools in 2014. These consisted of the four schools participated in 2013 plus two additional schools. In each school, two adjacent classrooms with similar construction characteristics and population characteristics participated in this project. The two adjacent classrooms were randomly assigned either to a treatment group (SAH installed and operated) or to a control group (SAH installed but not operated). The main objective of this project was to investigate the change in levels of the classroom temperature, RH, CO2, and ventilation rate from when a roof-mounted SAH was operating (treatment) and was not operating (control). Resulting from operating the roof-mounted SAH, the temperature in treatment classrooms was on average 0.5 °C higher than in the control classrooms, when both the control and treatment classrooms had the same heater use. When the control and treatment classrooms ach

Published
2020

44. Impacts of the Building (Earthquake-prone Buildings) Amendment Act 2016 on the retention of historical buildings in New Zealand's provincial city-centres : towards promoting seismic resilience through adaptive reuse : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Author

Phipps, Robyn, Aigwi, Itohan Esther, Phipps, Robyn, and Aigwi, Itohan Esther

Abstract

The impacts of the increasing scale of earthquake disasters on New Zealand's historical buildings are becoming so prevalent to the extent of threatening the stability and existence of provincial urban areas, hence, resulting in local resilience emergencies. This thesis is designed to promote seismic resilience and city-centre regeneration through the retention of earthquake-prone historical buildings for New Zealand’s provincial regions that have an abundance of underutilised earthquake-prone commercial historical buildings in their city-centres. No prior research has explored the main factors that contribute to the loss of historical buildings in New Zealand’s provincial city centres as a result of the Building (Earthquake-prone Buildings) Amendment Act 2016, and how the retention of the buildings can be improved. This thesis aims to address such inadequacy by identifying representative New Zealand’s provincial cities and the contributing factors to their inner-city decline with links to the impact of the Building (Earthquake-prone Buildings) Amendment Act 2016. The applicability of the adaptive reuse approach (i.e., the change of use of an existing building) is also explored as a sustainable approach to retain underutilised commercial earthquake-prone historical buildings and promote seismic resilience and city-centre regeneration, by developing a performance-based framework to improve the adaptive reuse decision-making process. Using a sequence of qualitative and quantitative research enquiry modes, the research question was answered to justify the overall aim of the thesis. The findings revealed Whanganui and Invercargill as representative examples of New Zealand’s earliest cities currently experiencing a decline in their city centres, and also identified socio-economic and regulatory factors that may have contributed to their decline. Correspondingly, the impacts of the actions (or inactions) of local councils and building owners regarding compliance with the B

Published
2020

50. House characteristics and condition as determinants of visible mold and musty odor: Results from three New Zealand House Condition Surveys in 2005, 2010, and 2015.

Author

Taptiklis, Phoebe, Phipps, Robyn, Jones, Mark, and Douwes, Jeroen

Subjects
*ODORS, *WOODEN-frame houses, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *BUILDING envelopes, *BEDROOMS
Abstract

This study assessed associations between house characteristics and mold and musty odor, using data from three consecutive (2005, 2010, and 2015) New Zealand House Condition Surveys, involving a total of 1616 timber‐framed houses. Mold, musty odor, and house characteristics were assessed by independent building inspectors. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses mutually adjusted for other house characteristics for each survey separately. Positive and independent associations were found with tenure, ventilation, insulation, and envelope condition for both mold in living and bedrooms and musty odor. In particular, we found significant dose‐response associations with envelope condition, ventilation, and insulation. Odds of mold increased 2.4–15.9 times (across surveys) in houses with the worst building envelope condition (BEC; p < 0.05–0.001 for trend); optimal ventilation reduced the risk of mold by 60% and the risk of musty odor by 70%–90% (p < 0.01 for trend). Other factors associated with mold and musty odor included: tenure, with an approximate doubling of odds of mold across surveys; and insulation with consistent dose‐response patterns in all outcomes and surveys tested (p < 0.05 for trend in two surveys with mold and one survey for odor). In conclusion, this study showed the importance of BEC, ventilation, and insulation to avoiding harmful damp‐related exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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