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El libro Diversidade linguística na América: línguas ameríndias (v. 2) constituye el segundo volumen de la serie homónima fundada en el proyecto 9 de la Asociación de Lingüística y Filología de América Latina (ALFAL) y en la Red de Investigación y Cooperación Interinstitucional sobre Diversidad Lingüística (RICIDIL). El volumen reúne en forma de capítulos un conjunto de artículos cuya característica común es la descripción de fenómenos lingüísticos en lenguas indígenas de América. Esa característica común es contrapesada por el hecho de que los diferentes capítulos abordan no sólo lenguas diversas, sino también distintos niveles de análisis. Así, los capítulos §1, §3, §5 y §6 tratan de asuntos morfosintácticos en lenguas tupí-guaraníes, guaicurúes y en urarina; el capítulo §2 sigue una tradición antropológica y de documentación del arte verbal en lenguas indígenas de México; el capítulo §4 realiza un recorrido por la historia de la ortografía del yagán; y el último (§7) es una descripción de rasgos fonológicos de variedades amazónicas de quechua. Dicha profusión de intereses asegura que el volumen interpele a lingüistas indigenistas de diversas tradiciones.

El libro Estudios del discurso. The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Discourse Studies forma parte de la serie Routledge Spanish Language Handbooks, que convoca a especialistas de trayectoria internacional para la producción de manuales ampliamente abarcativos sobre temas relativos a la lingüística hispánica. Este volumen fue editado por tres académicos de gran relevancia para el campo de los estudios del discurso (en adelante ED): Carmen López Ferrero, profesora titular de Lengua Española y Estudios del Discurso en la Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Isolda Carranza, investigadora del CONICET y catedrática de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; y Teun A. van Dijk, profesor de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra y director del Centre of Discourse Studies. El manual está organizado en cinco partes que agrupan temáticamente treinta y seis capítulos escritos por investigadores referentes de áreas de trabajo actuales de los ED del mundo hispanohablante. Todos los capítulos están estructurados de manera semejante: se presenta un estado del arte de cada temática en particular y se incluyen discusiones actuales así como aspectos de estudio en desarrollo. Las secciones finales, Temas relacionados y Lecturas complementarias, orientan al lector hacia conexiones novedosas con otras temáticas y a lecturas que permitan ampliar o profundizar en el campo abordado en el capítulo, lo que resulta especialmente enriquecedor para estudiantes que estén haciendo sus primeras aproximaciones al campo.

El libro "La enseñanza del español mediada por tecnología: De la justicia social a la Inteligencia Artificial (IA)” es una obra pionera en la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) en entornos virtuales y esperada con gran entusiasmo por la comunidad docente e investigadora. Editado por Javier Muñoz-Basols, Mara Fuertes Gutiérrez y Luis Cerezo, y parte de la serie Routledge Advances in Spanish Language Teaching, este volumen llega a nuestras manos en un contexto educativo postpandemia marcado por la revolución de la IA y la consolidación de las nuevas tecnologías y entornos digitales. Este escenario subraya la creciente importancia de la formación continua y reflexión docente, convirtiendo esta obra en una guía esencial para transformar y adaptar las prácticas docentes a un contexto dinámico y en constante evolución que demanda un conocimiento profundo, flexibilidad y capacidad de adaptación.

Eugenio Coseriu: Beyond Structuralism fue publicada en 2023, por De Gruyter, en formato papel y Open Access electrónico. Su autor, Johannes Kabatek, empieza afirmando que estamos frente a la primera monografía completa sobre Eugenio Coseriu. Nos asegura que la obra de quien fue su maestro excede el estructuralismo, tal como indica el título del libro, esto es, afirma que más allá de la corriente estructuralista, hay mucho por descubrir de la frondosa obra del rumano. En este sentido, el autor nos propone una guía, que hace las veces de invitación, para la lectura de sus textos. Una hoja de ruta, hasta ahora inexistente, para recorrer una de las obras más monumentales en la historia de la lingüística. Kabatek nos lleva de la mano por la obra del Profesor Coseriu, logrando que entendamos mejor su pensamiento y el contexto de su formulación.

El quechua se habla en algunas regiones de Latinoamérica, en muchas zonas rurales y urbanas en Perú, y usado por los pacientes cuando acuden a los establecimientos de salud en zonas rurales en la región del cusco. El objetivo fue determinar la importancia y dominio del idioma quechua en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco. Investigación cuantitativa de alcance descriptivo, sobre una muestra de 153 estudiantes se medió la importancia del idioma quechua mediante un cuestionario y evaluó las habilidades receptivas y productivas mediante entrevistas. El 61,4% de los evaluados fueron estudiantes de sexo femenino, el 72,5% tuvieron procedencia urbana y con 85,6% como idioma materno el español. El 94,1% de la población manifestó que es importante el dominio del idioma quechua. En cuanto a las habilidades receptivas y productivas, presentaron 31,4% y 12,4% de nivel avanzado respectivamente. Los estudiantes de odontología en Cusco, consideran importante el dominio del idioma para su práctica profesional futura.

Esta investigación sociolingüística analiza la expresión variable de sujetos pronominales (ESP) en el corpus PRESEEA-Cali, Colombia, estratificado por género, edad y nivel educativo del hablante. Exploramos 6409 muestras para analizar los efectos de seis variables predictoras (3 internas y 3 externas). Los resultados descubren la tasa pronominal (28,6 %) más alta encontrada en una comunidad de habla continental andina de tierras altas. Los efectos del condicionamiento lingüístico revelan como la variable predictora más fuerte a la persona y número gramatical; específicamente uno constituye el pronombre que más favorece los sujetos expresos. El condicionamiento social descubre un fuerte efecto de la edad del hablante y a los hablantes más jóvenes desfavoreciendo los sujetos expresos. Este hallazgo parece tener implicaciones cognoscitivas, ya que se esperaría de acuerdo con la teoría sociolingüística, que los hablantes más jóvenes tuviesen las tasas pronominales más altas. Además, las mujeres caleñas promueven los sujetos expresos, lo cual es similar a lo que ocurre en la región caribe colombiana pero contrario a lo que ocurre en la ciudad andina de Medellín. En términos generales, este estudio contribuye a ampliar el conocimiento de la ESP en comunidades de habla continentales latinoamericanas. Además, los efectos de la edad del hablante contribuyen a la apertura de promisorios senderos investigativos.

Dado que la lengua es el vínculo de las relaciones sociales, una brecha lingüística puede contribuir al aislamiento y discriminación de las poblaciones minoritarias y migrantes. En este trabajo se analizaron las actitudes lingüísticas hacia poblaciones migrantes en el ámbito educativo en la capital uruguaya. En concreto, se examinó el trasfondo lingüístico del alumnado procedente de la República Dominicana, sus experiencias en el contexto educativo, y sus expectativas en cuanto a la educación formal. Se consideraron también las actitudes del personal docente hacia estudiantes no uruguayos, además de su preparación y disponibilidad para educar a un alumnado cultural y lingüísticamente diverso en centros educativos públicos de Montevideo y área metropolitana. Asimismo, se realizó una búsqueda de noticias publicadas en diversos medios relacionadas con la educación de migrantes. Los resultados arrojan luz sobre la correspondencia entre las actitudes y los comportamientos lingüísticos en el ámbito educativo y el conflicto que se puede generar en situaciones de contacto cuando existe desigualdad entre los diferentes hablantes de una comunidad.

En la siguiente investigación examinaremos la novela gráfica Estrella distante de Roberto Bolaño, cuya ilustración estuvo al cuidado de Fanny Marín y Javier Fernández, y que fue publicada en 2018 por Alfaguara. Este análisis lo haremos, principalmente, en dos sentidos: i) como un best seller, tanto por su nivel de producción y cobertura distributiva como por su riqueza técnica y estética que ilustra el horror de la dictadura cívico-militar en un formato asociado con una generación más joven y una ampliación de su distribución en cuanto la exploración de nuevos mercados. ii) También examinamos esta obra como producto de una transmedialidad que problematiza el fenómeno de la adaptación, ya que es capaz de transformarse en una obra por sí misma, autónoma. Asimismo, reflexionaremos por el carácter global de esta novela gráfica y de su potencia crítica para lectores no familiarizados con el horror de la dictadura militar chilena.

En este estudio, se hacen observaciones tipológicas sobre la manifestación de persona gramatical dentro de 48 sistemas lingüísticos que se hablan en Colombia entre los siglos XX y XXI. Para ello, se revisan fuentes secundarias y se clasifica la información según la presencia o ausencia de documentación de la categoría en diferentes clases de palabra, de manera tal que sea susceptible de análisis estructural y areal. Se encuentra que, en el primer nivel de análisis, el piapoco es la lengua que mayor transversalidad de categoría gramatical de persona ofrece. Respecto del segundo nivel, la mayor diferencia se concentra en el contraste entre el suroccidente del país y el resto del territorio.

El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo consiste en presentar una visión general de la distribución del léxico en los diferentes países hispánicos. Los datos proceden del Diccionario de Frecuencias Léxicas, incorporado a la versión 1.1 del CORPES, construido sobre 180 millones de formas procedentes de los textos de prensa de este corpus. Los resultados obtenidos, que utilizan también en los índices de dispersión, muestran un alto grado de congruencia, relacionada con la frecuencia de uso, compatible con la esperable diferencia entre las variedades, fundamentada en la frecuencia de inventario.

En la discusión acerca de la universalidad del procesamiento sintáctico, el español parecería destacarse por ser una lengua de adjunción alta. Sin embargo, eso fue recientemente discutido por la Hipótesis de las pseudorelativas primero, que sostiene que si se controlara la presencia de pseudorelativas, el español mostraría una preferencia por la adjunción baja, considerada como universal por los modelos clásicos. Para analizar si esta hipótesis se cumple en español, realizamos una tarea de completamiento de oraciones en dos condiciones: con verbos de percepción, que habilitan una interpretación de pseudo-relativa, y con verbos de estado o de acción, que no lo hacen. Los hallazgos refutan la hipótesis experimental; no encontramos diferencias entre ambas condiciones y la preferencia general fue por la adjunción alta. Una explicación posible es que las preferencias de adjunción sean moduladas por diversos factores y que no haya uno solo que las determine.

Delimitado teoricamente à Historiografia Linguística, este artigo responde ao seguinte questionamento: como foi a presença de formalismos na linguística no Brasil das décadas de 1960-1970? Essa pergunta conduz aos objetivos da análise: (i) caracterizar linguísticas formalistas na linguística brasileira; (ii) delimitar diretrizes e alcances científicos desses formalismos; (iii) identificar processos sociais de institucionalização dessas linguísticas. O corpus é composto de (a) artigos de periódicos, textos de boletins científicos, resenhas, livros e capítulos de revisão histórica; (b) teses e dissertações; (c) manuais; (d) documentos oficiais; (e) depoimentos, entrevistas. Esse material foi selecionado e analisado em três fases: 1ª.) heurística: definição da periodização, seleção/tratamento do corpus; 2ª.) hermenêutica: estabelecimento de diretrizes para a análise; 3ª.) expositiva: apresentação de resultados em uma narrativa historiográfica. Nos anos 1960-1970, a linguística brasileira foi em grande parte uma linguística do domínio das estruturas por meio da adoção de instrumental metodológico que identificava regularidades sistemáticas (em diferentes níveis que evidenciavam a natureza estrutural das línguas) e oferecia suporte para retóricas de defesa de posicionamentos científicos. Essa caracterização histórica é defendida neste artigo.

Este estudio examinó la efectividad del método de enseñanza bilingüe en la comprensión lectora y la producción de texto. Se formaron dos grupos, el grupo experimental (GE) y el grupo control (GC), de un total de 52 estudiantes de cuarto grado de secundaria la Institución Educativa Inca Garcilaso de la Vega en Ayacucho (Perú). Se emplearon diversas técnicas e instrumentos de investigación y se utilizó el análisis descriptivo e inferencial para el procesamiento de datos. El grupo experimental, que utilizó el método de enseñanza bilingüe, demostró una mayor efectividad en la comprensión lectora y la producción de texto tanto en español como en quechua, en comparación con el grupo control. Estos resultados sugieren que la implementación de metodologías adecuadas para estudiantes bilingües facilita un mayor desarrollo en la adquisición de habilidades para la comprensión y producción de textos.

En este artículo analizamos las diferencias en la distribución y en la interpretación del futuro sintético [-RÁ] y del futuro perifrástico [IR + a + Inf] en los registros oral y escrito del español a partir de un análisis cuantitativo de regresión logística. Se trabajó con lecturas exploratorias de las variables seleccionadas: forma, corpus, contexto de incertidumbre, orientación temporal, adjuntos temporales y persona gramatical; se analizó la asociación de las variables a través de cruces bivariados y trivariados y, finalmente, se realizó un modelo logístico. Este análisis permitió comprobar que la lengua escrita mantiene la preferencia de [-RÁ] para referirse al futuro mientras en la oralidad la referencia al porvenir es expresada por [IR + a + Inf]. Esta distribución se correlaciona, asimismo, con que, en el registro oral, la forma [-RÁ] se emplea únicamente como operador de incertidumbre.

W pracy podjęto zagadnienia itowego układu języka w realizacjach fonemu samogłoskowego /i/, a także fonemów spółgłoskowych, w których realizację wpisany jest itowy układ języka. Omówiono wyniki współczesnych badań logopedycznych nad wybranymi anatomiczno-czynnościowymi uwarunkowaniami wadliwych realizacji fonemów spółgłoskowych /ɕ, ʑ, ʨ, ʥ, ɲ, j/ oraz /i/, a także zjawisko depalatalizacji.

This paper uses corpus data to analyse spoken expressions and discourse markers in Czech, applying these findings to corpus-based exercises for learners of Czech as a foreign language. The analytical section highlights the usefulness of parallel corpus in identifying suitable translation equivalents for prevalent Czech spoken vocabulary in English, French, and Polish as native languages from the learner’s perspective. The methodology outlines the process of finding appropriate translation equivalents in film subtitles, considering both meaning and spoken register. The pedagogical section introduces three corpus-based exercises designed to improve conversational skills, featuring authentic texts that familiarise learners with spoken vocabulary. This research builds on previous studies of the English language that did not use parallel corpora to identify translation equivalents in learners’ native languages — an essential factor for understanding a foreign language. In addition, tailor-made corpus-based exercises can be seamlessly integrated into everyday classroom activities to enhance language awareness among non-native speakers.

The article deals with the instantiation of variables in schemas within the Relational Morphology theory. On the basis of an approach to word-formation from concept to form, the article argues that for the question of what lexemes are retrieved from the lexicon to instantiate the variables in schemas in order to achieve the required meaning of the resulting word within the generative role of schemas, it is important to distinguish different functions of word-formation, namely those that provide mere variations on existing lexemes in contrast to the function of word-formation that provides names for concepts in the extra-linguistic world. In the first case, the variables in schemas are instantiated with lexemes on which we perform the variation, whereas, in the second case, the lexemes result from prior mental processing of the concept to be named. The paper thus also provides the description of the process of conceptualization within the naming function of word-formation and demonstrates the principles of conceptualization on various examples.

The article presents a quantitative corpus-based study that aims to shed light on the frequency and distribution of reporting verbs (for instance, indicate, posit, etc.) associated with evidentiality that are found in research article abstracts (RAAs) in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics, respectively. Theoretically and methodologically, the study is informed by the literature (Söderqvist, 2020; Szczygłowska, 2022), which demonstrates that reporting verbs may mark evidentiality in scientific discourse. In order to establish the frequency of the occurrence of reporting verbs associated with evidentiality, a corpus of RAAs in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics was collected and, subsequently, analysed in software program AntConc version 4.0.11 (Anthony, 2022). The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that show and suggest were the most frequent reporting verbs associated with evidentiality in the corpus of RAAs in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics alike.

Lexical association data is a valuable resource in psycholinguistics, providing researchers with empirical insights into which words are perceived as ‘belonging together’. One of the largest such datasets for English, the University of South Florida Free Association Norms database, is available freely online. The raw data format however requires some technical steps to tap into the potential it offers for network science, which can present a barrier for some researchers. This paper introduces a userfriendly command-line tool, fan_xplorr, that addresses this issue by providing linguists with access to the data. With the proposed tool, researchers can interactively display portions of the semantic network dataset in the form of interactive network graphs. The design of the tool enables linguists to access the dataset without advanced technical skills and promotes exploration within the dataset for psycholinguistic studies.

The article addresses the topic of English compound verbs and their origin and occurrence in contemporary English. Traditionally, they are considered to be the least numerous group among English compounds, and in addition, some authors (Marchand, Adams) consider them to be secondary (non-canonical, pseudo-) compounds, which are not formed by compounding, but by conversion and back-formation. On the one hand, the collected sample of 200 compound verbs, 90% of which form 32 sets (lexical families) and fall into five groups according to their adverbial modification, suggests that the number of compound verbs is on the increase. On the other hand it appears to confirm Erdmann’s thesis that new compound verbs tend to arise directly on the basis of schemas or patterns, i.e. by analogy with a specific compound (one constituent of which serves as a patternforming element), rather than by conversion or back-formation.

The aim of the paper is to examine the functional and formal features of the construction here’s hoping. Our analysis is informed by the frameworks of construction grammar (Fried, 2010, 2013), grammaticalization (Fried, 2009; Himmelmann, 2004), subjectification (Company, 2006) and impersonalization (Siewierska, 2008). The construction seems to have developed a novel subjectified function, i.e. to express the speaker’s positive expectation while retaining a degree of tentativeness and distance. The data for the analysis was excerpted from the corpus English Web 2021 (enTenTen21). The internal and external features of the construction (e.g. the (non-)deictic function of here, fixedness, syntactic isolation, initial position) together with the overall expansion of the semantic and pragmatic context and the gradual host-class expansion suggest that the process of grammaticalization/subjectification is currently under way (cf. Fried, 2010; Company, 2006).

The role of bilingual and multilingual legal dictionaries in translation and legal communication is changing as the availability of various online resources increases. It turns out that most legal dictionaries published in the EU do not meet the standards of an ideal legal dictionary, in which linguistic data are supplemented with relevant law-related information. Furthermore, there is a strong disparity in terms of availability between dictionaries of major European languages and those of languages of limited diffusion. In the Czech context, bibliographic data indicate that a massive wave of legal lexicographic activity culminated around the year 2000. Since then, the trend has been dropping sharply. The authorship of the dictionaries, among which major European languages and Latin predominate, is almost exclusively in the hands of Czech authors. The decline of paper dictionaries does not seem to be fully compensated by online dictionaries for the time being. Yet the potential of electronic platforms for legal lexicography is considerable in terms of capacity, userfriendliness, accessibility and sustainability.

The relevance of this article is due to the neсessity to broaden the notion of means of designation of augmentative semantics of person in the English language. Their structural types have been identified, with words prevalence over word combinations. The augmentative semantics of words is motivated by a word-forming affix, while augmentative meaning of free word-groups and idioms is realized by additional words. Augmentative designations of person refer to big size, seniority, importance, higher degree of quality. Transference of meaning is observed in the structure of an idiomatic augmentative word-group.

The article examines the issues of the non-equivalent vocabulary translation in the sphere of English political media discourse. Today, due to the processes of globalization and the expansion of the media space, the issues of translation of the non-equivalent language units in different spheres, including lexical units in the sphere of media discourse, become more and more relevant. Because of the rapid development of political relations between countries, new words appear in the media that may not have their exact equivalents in the target language, which becomes one of the most challenging tasks not only for the translator, but also for translation studies, lexicology, intercultural communication and other linguistic disciplines as a whole. The aim of this article is to consider the main problems and ways of translating the non-equivalent vocabulary of modern political topics, to analyze the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the translation of the non-equivalent vocabulary in the media discourse, and to draw conclusions about which translation techniques are the most common and adequate when translating the non-equivalent lexical units in the social and political texts of the media discourse. In order to achieve the aim in the article we have reviewed the existing classifications of the elements of the field of the non-equivalent vocabulary, provided the basic research terms, as well as analyzed the translation techniques, typical for the political texts of mass-media discourse. Having carried out a comprehensive analysis of the studied material, it is noted that if the lexical unit of a media discourse text belongs to the field of non-equivalent lexical units, the ways and the adequacy of its rendering is determined not only by lexical and grammatical transformations, but also by extralinguistic knowledge and the translator’s cultural grasp; the most difficult lexical elements for translation are political terms, jargon and emotive-evaluation vocabulary, the rendering of which is often determined by pragmatic aspect of the translation; the most common and adequate translation techniques were semantic development, compensation, descriptive translation, and contextual transposition.

Metadiscourse in academic communication has been under the analysis of a great number of studies. However, most research was predominantly conducted on English academic texts, while metadiscourse strategies are used in Russian-language academic prose remains understudied and needs to be explored. On the basis of 50 reviews of manuscripts submitted to Russian journals, the present article analyzes types of the lexical realization of hedging as a metadiscourse strategy used by reviewers to mitigate negative evaluations and to show politeness. The study is relevant due to the numerous attempts to reconceptualize the nature of academic discourse and to ascribe it to the interactional rather than informational type of communication. Hedging is used for constructing harmonious relationship between the reviewer and the reviewee. The present study aims to identify lexical items used for hedging in the corpus of research article reviews. When the quantitative analysis reveals that hedging is predominantly realized through the use of verbs and adverbs, the interpretive analysis shows that lexical hedges serve for three pragmatic functions such as shifting the communicative focus, mitigating criticism, and de-intensifying negative evaluations. Hedging is an indicator of the authorial pragmatic competence and is a key to effective communication in the evaluative genres of academic discourse and research articles reviews. It creates a proper balance of negative and positive evaluations, assists in saving face and constructing an image of a competent partner.

The material of the study has become the card file of landscape models identified in the novel "Jane Eyre", published by the famous English writer Sh. Bronte. The object of research is the architectonics of the novel, the subject of research is landscape models interpreted as one of the textual spatial formats. The study was conducted using four methods: lexical semantics, quantitative and comparative analysis. The study of the artistic landscape space was carried out in order to interpret landscape models. Landscape models have made up landscape units. Personalized and nonpersonalized proxima have been identified as part of landscape models. Personalized and nonpersonalized landscape models have been translated both symmetrically and asymmetrically from English into Russian. An asymmetric translation means a mismatch of the text with the original, and a symmetrical one means a complete correspondence with the original source. The predominance of landscape models consisting of landscape units of airspace has been established.

Introduction. The article reveals the significance of the research in enriching the theory of translation with new data on the trends in the recoding of a two-level model-the reconstruction of a literary concept, in particular the literary concept of MEDIEVAL LIFE. The purpose to determine the trends of translation by means of the Russian language of the nominative field of the model-reconstruction of the literary concept of MEDIEVAL LIFE in Walter Scott's novel “Ivanhoe”. The material was the nominees of the nominative field of the literary concept of MEDIEVAL LIFE, identified in the text of Walter Scott's novel “Ivanhoe”. Through the use of a set of methods: linguistic analysis of the text, the method of interpretation, the method of continuous sampling and the method of comparative analysis, a comparative model is created-a reconstruction of the literary concept of MEDIEVAL LIFE, represented in Walter Scott's novel “Ivanhoe”. Research results, discussion. The specifics of constructing a two-level model-reconstruction of the nominative field of the literary concept of medieval life, represented in the conceptual sphere of the novel by V. Scott “Ivanhoe” are determined; the tendencies of transcoding of the nominees of the Englishlanguage model-reconstruction by means of the Russian language are established; a two-level comparative model-reconstruction of the literary concept of MEDIEVAL LIFE is presented. In conclusion we found that the model-reconstruction of the literary concept of MEDIEVAL LIFE consists of a number of submodels, among which two submodels are significant: the submodel of the subconcept OF ROWENA's CHAMBERS and the submodel of the subconcept of the CHAMBERS of a RICH JEW, consisting mainly of single-component nominees, which are translated mainly asymmetrically.

The relevance of this article lies in the need to study the transformation of the image of Russians in the British media discourse during periods of allied relations between Russia and Britain and during periods of confrontation between these states, which is necessary to expand the understanding of the mechanisms of transformation of the image of ethnos in the political media discourse. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the conceptual and linguistic-stylistic actualization of the images of Russians in the British media discourse during the Second World War and the last decade. The results of the research show that during the Second World War, when the Soviet Union and Britain were allies in the fight against Nazi Germany, the image of Russians had a positive connotative background. Its conceptual space included such axiologically significant concepts as "ally", "defence", "bravery", "courage", "battle", "sacrifice", "victory", "confidence", "unity" and "patriotism." Russians were attributed such positive personality qualities, represented in the conceptual space of the image by the corresponding concepts, as emotionality, a good sense of humor, complaisance, patience, cordiality Creating such an image, British journalists used functionalevaluative words of positive semantics, comparative constructions, allowing to show the constancy of positive qualities, and contrast, with which the bravery of Russian soldiers was emphasized in comparison with the nations that failed to resist fascism. Due to the confrontation between Russia and Britain that has intensified since 2014, the connotative background of the image of Russians is mostly very negative. The conceptual field of the image of Russians includes such axiologically significant concepts as "enemy", "crime", "prostitution", "corruption", "evil", "deceived by propa-ganda", "weakness", "fear", "despair" and "depression". This image is created with the help of evaluative and functional-evaluative lexemes with negative evaluation, com-parative constructions and metaphorical epithets.

The proposed article describes the functional and pragmatic opportunities of the structural elements of the Russian social media with an emphasis on their stylistic characteristics. The range of issues selected for highlighting consists of an analysis of the basic lexical and syntactic agents involved not only in the heading complex, but also in the general content. In the process of studying the designated question, it is proved that the main purpose of paths and figures of speech in the media is to convey the hidden self-proposition of a journalist, influence the reader and cause an emotional response to him. Headings with expression techniques reflect the author’s position better, thus affects the world view of the reader, his attitude to the describing events. It make the recipient rethink some shades of information and covert meanings. Therefore, they attract the recipient into internal discussion rather faster, they force him to analyze the situation and subsequently set the direction of actions.

The study deals with the problems of the history of the formation of the religious style of the Russian language. The article carried out a comprehensive linguistic analysis of the substances of religious semantics into -nitsa, registered in civil media dictionaries of the XVIII century. It was established that the nouns of religious semantics into -nitsa form a special layer of specific vocabulary with personal and non-personal meanings in the dictionary system of the religious style of the Russian language of the XVIII century. It is shown that the substances of religious semantics on the -nitsa are characterized by a system of complex word-forming relations and for the most part are monosemantic specific names that identify female persons by position, performed by professional functions or by action.

The paper deals with Kalmyk folk fairytales. These narratives of traditional culture express the main world-view values and norms of behavior as presented in the eternal struggle of the good and the evil. The specific features of the tales analyzed may be summed up in the following characteristics: intellectual and physical competition of the heroes and their enemies, allegory as a status emblem of a wise man, readiness to rescue the friends, understanding the force of fate and taking chances to change it, sacral essence of parents’ will, magic of a loving wife, involvement of the audience into the subject plot development. Funding. The research was carried out with the financial support of KalmSU, the project "Modern ethno-linguistic picture of Russia: national and regional peculiarities"

Rostov-on-Don Russian – in 2020, the second edition – in 2022 and is being investigated for the first time, the article is devoted to the novel "Silver Dagger" by Sadettin Janpolat/Dzaurov, which was published in Turkish in 2016 in Istanbul, in Russian - in 2020 in Rostov-onDon. The paper examines the main motives of the novel. These are the motives of the road and search; motives and images of national culture, national character; motives of love, friendship and brotherhood. The main one is the image of the road, which should help the heroes of the novel to find a way out of the difficult situation in which their people found themselves.

The topoekphrasis in D. du Maurier's short story «Don't Look Now» has been investigated. Under the term ‘Topoekphrasis’ we mean a description of the scene of action, which "is the hero of a literary work" (O. Kling) and has a special aesthetic significance. Such a place in the analyzed novel is Venice, which, thanks to its unique architectural appearance, has become a true work of art. The image is created by a description of the world-famous architectural monuments of Venice, as well as the use of toponyms reflecting the features of the urban landscape. Speaking about real-life art objects, the author does not strive for an accurate description of his visual image but fills it with additional meaning. The text of the novel demonstrates various types of ekphrastic descriptions. Their usage depends on the purpose, the amount of necessary visual information and the specifics of the art object described. The absence of detailed descriptions determines the use of zero and paratactic variants of topoekphrasis, the emphasis on the state of the characters, on the perception and interpretation of the visual image and the development of the action indicates its interpretive nature. The role of mortal motifs and labyrinth in the formation of topoekphrasis is noted. We have also knotted that the novel by D. du Maurier fits into the context of the world Venetian, expanding its semantic field.

Velimir Khlebnikov was one of the most prominent figures of the Silver Age epoch, neoromantic by its characteristics. At the same time, his creative style is formed not only under the influence of the cultural epoch dominants, but it is also structured as the realization of one of the two main types of creativity that Zh. de Stal`, P.N. Sakulin, V.M. Zhirmunskij, A.S. Pushkin and other wrote about. This refers to the romantic style suggesting the desire to overcome the boundaries of time and space, eternal aspiration and dissatisfaction and related characteristic forms of genre and artistic synthesis. This problem is considered on examples of the following works: play «Mirskoncza», story «Ka», super story «Zangezi», poems «Ya ne znayu, Zemlya kruzhitsya ili net…», «Segodnya snova ya pojdu…», «Ya vy`shel yunoshej odin…», «Trushhoby» as well as articles of different years.

Theoretically substantiated, developed and tested a model of blended learning for cadets of the academies of EMERCOM of Russia using the «flipped class» technology, aimed at developing professional and communicative competence among future rescuers. At each stage of the formation of the required competence, a selection of digital resources was made that corresponded to the goals, objectives and principles of the each stage. The presented algorithm for creating a blended learning model can be used to create such models for a different contingent of students.

The relevance of this study is due to the lack of development of the problem of studying morphology based on the axiological approach and, as a result, the insufficient use of the value potential of morphology for the development of personal qualities of students, subject and meta-subject skills. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the expediency of using axiological linguistic methods in morphology lessons and, in particular, when studying the topic “Noun as a part of speech”. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified: firstly, to analyze the sources and substantiate the presence in the pedagogical and methodological literature of scientific prerequisites for the implementation of the axiological approach in the study of morphology; secondly, to prove the expediency of the axiological approach as a meta-approach that ensures the achievement of personal, meta-subject and subject goals in teaching the Russian (native) language; thirdly, to substantiate the axiological nature of linguistic knowledge on the topic “Noun as a part of speech” and the need to rely on it in the process of teaching the Russian (native) language. In the process of studying the problem posed, theoretical methods and analysis of empirically obtained data on the formation of students' morphological skills were used. The article proves the pedagogical and methodological expediency of updating the axiological linguistic methodology in the study of the morphology and axiological nature of morphological knowledge on the topic "Noun as a part of speech" for the development of the student's personality and the formation of meta-subject and subject skills.

Digital technologies are gaining more and more popularity in a person's life and radically affect the communication process. It is necessary to create appropriate limits (norms and rules of etiquette behaviour) in the business communication. This article analyzes articles devoted to the culture of business communication in the digital environment, comprehends the personal experience of the authors, analyzes the results of a questionnaire of students of a technical university about digital etiquette, emphasizes the importance of forming a culture of business communication among students.

The most effective principles of the organization and intensification of the educational process on the subject of "Scientific style of speech" (Russian as a foreign language) are described. The development of a set of exercises of pre-text, pre-text and post-text exercises aimed at systematization and consolidation of knowledge, as well as the development of communication skills in a foreign language of future doctors (foreign medical students of the Faculty of Medicine 2-3 courses, topic "Angina pectoris", section "Patient Survey") is presented. Keywords: medical record, patient survey, role-playing game, communication, teaching method, methodology, specialty language, Russian as a foreign language.

The article deals with the problem of teaching appeals in the lessons of the Russian language in the interrelation of three aspects: linguistic, communicative-pragmatic and linguoculturological. a model of a multicomponent exercise is presented, which includes linguistic-semantic, communicative-pragmatic, linguistic-cultural, productive-creative and research tasks. Examples of multicomponent exercises are given. It is concluded that the linguistic and cultural analysis of appeals contributes to a deeper understanding of the text, enriching the vocabulary of schoolchildren.

The process of formation of children's journalism in Kalmykia dates back to a difficult and contradictory period of the 1930s. The Kalmyk children's press traces roots back to the year 1934 when the first pioneer newspaper "Lenina achnr" (”Lenin's grandchildren”) was organised. In genre terms, the newspaper was very diverse, as in addition to the usual information ‒ articles, sketches, etc., it included poems, stories, plays, fairy tales of not only Russian and Kalmyk authors, but also Ossetian, Karakalpak, Dagestan and other writers. The diversity of the newspaper's content was complemented by such folklore genres as riddles, proverbs, charades, etc. Genre features and topical content of the publication in question form its typological model, which represents one of the most important factors in the individualization of children's media of that time. a number of issues related to the involvement of the young generation in the socio-political life of society and their importance in the educational activities of that time are being researched. Functionally designated purpose, problem-thematic diversity of the first children's newspaper and the current state of national children's periodicals are brought to light.

The study of the main vectors of the transformation of news television in the digital age showed that, turning into a hybrid platform, modern TV channels are undergoing significant changes affecting both the formats for collecting, organizing and presenting news content, and presenting it to viewers. The following parameters are distinctive of modern digital television: syndication and aggregation, vertical news feed format, active use of video with notes, structured news blocks, mailing lists and summaries, data visualization. These adjustments and changes involve a revision of the traditional concept of journalistic genres and a new approach to the formation of information through a change in linguistic and stylistic characteristics due to the new language of the media.

The article deals with the problem of the intradiscursive variability of the speech genre of the abstract. The article aims to identify the variability of the manifestation of the author's principle in the verbal genre of abstract functioning in academic discourse. 38 Russian-language abstracts to linguistic academic articles published in the journal “Genres of Speech” in 2023 and 34 Russian-language abstracts to biological academic articles published in the “Journal of General Biology” in 2022 were selected as the base of the study. The main research methods were general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, juxtaposition, content analysis, statistical analysis), as well as methods of complex linguistic research – lexico-semantic, component, grammatical, discursive, stylistic, linguistic and pragmatic analyses. It was revealed that the pronouns “we” and “our” (in 13 % of linguistic and 21 % of biological annotations) and the self-designation “author” (in 11 % of linguistic and 3 % of biological abstracts) are used in abstracts as explicit markers of the authorʼs presence. Biologists are more actively using indirect designation through pronouns to emphasize personal contribution to solving a scientific problem and present results reflecting new knowledge. There are no differences in the use of implicit authorization tools (passive and impersonal constructions) in the abstracts belonging to the humanitarian and natural science discourse. To express an evaluative attitude towards the components of an epistemic situation, qualitative adjectives are used in the abstracts of both scientific directions, but in linguistic abstracts the set of adjectives is much richer. It was found that in the abstracts of natural science discourse the strengthening of evaluation using qualitative adverbs is more common (50 %) than in linguistic abstracts (29 %), as well as the weakening of evaluation – 32 % and 10 %, respectively. This indicates the desire of the linguistic authors to be more accurate and selective in expressing the strengthening or weakening of the assessment and, if possible, to avoid such speech strategies. Ii is concluded that the variability of the authorʼs presence in the verbal genre of abstract, functioning in academic discourse, is due to differences in research approaches, scientific tradition and the dissimilarity of the worldview of scientists.

This article deals with the etiquette speech genre “gratitude” in the Altai language. The article aims to establish and describe categorical universal and nationally specific features of the speech genre “gratitude” in the Altai language. Categorical signs of gratitude are analyzed in line with psychological, social and communicative paradigms. The article describes the national and cultural aspects of the speech genre “gratitude” in various cultures (English, German, Chinese and Russian). The empirical basis of the study was the utterances extracted from recordings of the spoken discourse of the Altaians. We recorded 33 episodes of spoken discourse of native speakers of the Altai language presented by different ages and genders living in Ulagan, Ust-Kansk, Ongudai and Kosh-Agach districts, which helped us to record different ways of using phrases of gratitude in natural speech. A universal property of gratitude in the Altai language is the expression of feelings to the interlocutor in connection with their good deed. In our opinion, gratitude in the Altai culture has a similar cycle with other linguistic cultures. You did something good – I was emotionally touched by it – I expressed my gratitude for it. A nationally specific feature of the structure of gratitude in the Altai language is the connection with benevolence: You did something good/pleasant for me – I was emotionally touched by it – I thanked you – I wished something good to you. Addressor + addressee + reason + thanksgiving + benevolence. It is typical for the Altai people to thank the surrounding space, which shows the national and cultural distinctness of this nation. The article dexribes the propositional structure of gratitude in the Altai language: the length of thanksgiving (the length of phrases varies), standard and frequent phrases, rremarks used as replies, universal and free benevolence of “alkysh”.

This article presents a study of the genre field of official Telegram channels of higher educational institutions in Russia. It is shown that the publications of these channels on this platform are similar in their structural and stylistic design: they have multimedia and text blocks, are characterized by concise and fragmented text, interactivity and hypertextuality, a combination of official-business and informal presentation of information, among other features. The genre composition of these channels has a core zone, which includes types of publications such as “news post,” “announcement post,” “presentation post,” “educational post,” and “digest.” Common genres on official Telegram channels of universities include “congratulatory posts,” “presentation posts of educational programs,” genres like “historical chronicle,” “interview,” “repost”; relatively rare genres include “diary,” “schedule,” “quotes,” and other models. The individual style of a specific channel is formed through a comprehensive approach to the composition of genre forms and their symbolic expression using multimedia, textual, and other systems. For the identification of different genres on this platform, thematic, stylistic, content-based, lexical features play a greater role than compositionalstructural and sign-formative characteristics. The stability and uniformity of the core zone of Telegram channels of universities, as well as the similarity of structural, stylistic, and linguistic characteristics of the genres included in it, allow us to speak about the possibility of classifying a university's Telegram channel as a special type of hyper-genre system.

The article analyzes the aesthetic properties of the genre of classical Chinese poetry Сi and the spiritual-moral basis of their formation from the point of view of the concept “The beauty of weakness as virtue”, put forward by the famous specialist in the field of classical Chinese poetry Ye Jiaying. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that, although many classical Chinese Ci poems have been translated into Russian, there is little research on the aesthetic properties of the genre itself, especially from the point of view of modern Chinese poetic theory. The article uses methods of description, interpretation, historical-cultural and contextual analysis. The article aims is to explain the aesthetic properties and the reason for their formation from the point of view of the concept “The beauty of weakness as a virtue”. It is ahown that the aesthetic properties of the Ci lie in the presence of a deeply hidden, inexhaustible understatement in poetry. Formally, this is created by alternating long and short verses; at the semantic level, the understatement in poetry appeared as a result of the forced transformation of the inexpressible feelings and emotions of the poet, who was in a weak position, but at the same time showed the quality of endurance, restraint and commitment to something good. The influence of the ideas of Confucianism on the formation of the aesthetic properties of Ci poetry allows us to speak not only about its artistic-aesthetic, but also its spiritual-moral significance. Altogether, it allows us to give a decent assessment of the Ci genre, which for a long time was perceived as a genre less valuable than the Shi genre.

The visual space of a modern city and any other populated area is very diverse and rich, both with useful elements: signs, road signs, posters, street names, etc., and with the elements which change the appearance of streets in a negative way, namely the graphic damage to urban space or unauthorized graffiti, which is in the focus of this paper. The relevance of the present study is determined by the significance of studying various types of everyday written and speech activities within the city space. The specificity of graffiti as an object of linguistic research is noteworthy. Being an ambiguous part of urban space, graphic damage is often not fully studied, but nevertheless has significant pragmatic potential that can influence the opinion of citizens. Thus, the purpose of the study is to describe graphic damage, considering the entire range of extralinguistic and linguistic components of the genre. The work is based on a descriptive research method, and the basis for the methodology for describing the genre is the model of a complex communicative-typological description of the natural written Russian speech, proposed by N. B. Lebedeva and adapted to the objectives of this study. Thus, the article presents a description of aspects of the genre under consideration through a number of characteristics: 1) author, 2) purpose, 3) addressee, 4) content, 5) communicative time, 6) linguistic embodiment, 7) social assessment 8) cognitive dominant of the genre.

The article analyzes folk curses that have an emotional charge and relate to abusive language. Most often they are psychological or domestic in nature. Mostly, this kind of curse is pronounced unconsciously during a domestic quarrel or other conflict. They can be considered as a communicative, imperative and expletive formula. The purpose of the study is to analyze curses in which the speaker expresses dissatisfaction and indignation towards the listener. As a rule, they convey the feelings of the speaker or swearer and their attitude towards a certain situation or a specific person. The object of the study is curses presented in the folklore of Lezghins and Kumyks. Curses are found in the form of proverbial expressions, prose miniatures, and individual phrases at the heart of large works (most often in folk songs). We give a general idea of the functional and semantic aspects of curses. The article proves that curses are detailed figurative statements of negative content. This genre of folklore has a great practical value. The curses are based on a person’s faith in the magical component of the word. The article indicates that the distinctive features of curses are semantic content, emotional richness and color. The authors focus on formulaic curse expressions using the imperative form of the verb, where the focus is on the intended recipient. The work attempts to present some models arising from culturally specific characteristics. To simplify the qualitative interpretation of the material, we divided the texts of curses into various groups based on their relationship to different spheres of life. Thematic features of verbal formulas are distributed depending on the addressee.

The article deals with Russian-language narratives produced by bilingual children aged 4–6 year, living in Kyrgyzstan and speaking both Russian and Kyrgyz languages. Children are developing in the situation of «mixed bilingualism», with Russian as a dominant language. Narratives were collected using the MAIN experimental tool, which includes several sets of pictures for telling/retelling stories, standard texts for retellings, and tables for evaluating speaking skills. In the article we consider the features of macro- and microstructure of narratives. The macrostructural characteristics of the text are i.e. the completeness of the story itself, coherence, story logic, verbal expression of the internal states of the characters. All our informants were able to create a complete outline of the story, mentioning all the main episodes and involving all the main characters. The children, however, mainly paid attention to the actually performed, really visible actions of the characters (story elements “attempt” and “result of the action”) and less often expressed verbally internal motives, goals, and intentions. As for the internal states, the children mainly described specific actions that they were able to understand unambiguously (ex., they used the verbs of visual perception, mental actions and speech). They described emotions and physical states more rarely. Characteristics of the microstructure include the length of the text and the utterance, lexical and grammatical correctness of speech, syntactic complexity, and lexical diversity. In the microstructure, no significant differences were revealed between children of different age groups: children aged 5 years old, in general, coped with generating narratives more successfully than children aged 4 and 6 years old. The errors mostly belong to the lexical and grammatical levels of the language system: the most common errors are caused by the use of strategies that facilitate language acquisition and are typical either for both bilingual and monolingual children (strategies of simplification and overgeneralization) or those who acquire a second language (grammatical transfer from the first language).

Nowadays some experts call the multimedia longread the heir of the traditional journalistic genres. The longread successfully combines texts, illustrations, video materials and other elements aimed to attract the reader and holding their attention. The complicated longread in the Internet media is opposed to the short and simple shortread which occupies the main place in the information flow of modern people. The experts are alarming about the declining interest in reading long texts (primarily books) among young people. That is why it is becoming necessary to study the attitude to longreads among this age group of Russians. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among 121 students of Russian universities, who measured the length of the texts they read in the Internet media during one week. The results of the survey revealed that 67% of the respondents do read longreads during the week. The survey also revealed two main reasons that prompted the interviewees to read them: significant motivation (educational process or first job compelled young people to look for answers in texts) and the attractiveness of articles written so well that reading them was not difficult or boring for this age group. At the same time, the main reasons for rejection were identified as being related to the quality of the texts themselves (vague wording, unclear structure), as well as inconvenient formatting (young people prefer to read texts via mobile devices).

The article provides a comprehensive (semantic, cognitive, pragmatic, functional, discursive) analysis of the use of destructive existential-dynamic metaphors in analytical articles in textual socio-political media published in 2022–2024. when characterizing the rival country: in 9 Russian online-newspapers – the USA, in 9 American online-newspapers – the Russian Federation. The research material consists of 52 metaphorical units in 102 contexts extracted from 45 Russian articles and 45 metaphorical units in 88 contexts extracted from 49 American articles. The relevance of the topic is connected with the debatable key problems such as: the typology of modern mass media text genres, the content-functional and linguistic features of analytical articles, in particular, the specificity of the use of conceptual metaphors in them. The aim of the article is to identify similarities and differences in the use of the destructive metaphors in the genre of analytical articles of Russian and American mass media in the formation of a conceptual understanding of the politically opponent state (USA and Russian Federation). The analysis used modern cognitive-semantic and cognitive-discursive techniques for textual material analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that in Russian and American analytical articles the same destructive model of metaphorization with semantically similar sources of transference formation is regularly used. But specific situations reflected in metaphorical contexts, as well as the syntactic, semantic and lexical compatibility of Russian and English metaphorical units, make it possible to create an individual conceptual image of the rival country (USA and Russia) in accordance with the socio-political / ideological political worldview of the subject of speech. Thus, it can be claimed that it is the cognitive function of conceptual metaphors that becomes leading in the genre under study.