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1. Rapid escape of new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants from BA.2-directed antibody responses

Author

Conlon, Christopher, Deeks, Alexandra, Frater, John, Gardiner, Siobhan, Jämsén, Anni, Jeffery, Katie, Malone, Tom, Phillips, Eloise, Kronsteiner-Dobramysl, Barbara, Abraham, Priyanka, Bibi, Sagida, Lambe, Teresa, Longet, Stephanie, Tipton, Tom, Carrol, Miles, Stafford, Lizzie, Dijokaite-Guraliuc, Aiste, Das, Raksha, Zhou, Daming, Ginn, Helen M., Liu, Chang, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., Huo, Jiandong, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, Supasa, Piyada, Selvaraj, Muneeswaran, de Silva, Thushan I., Plowright, Megan, Newman, Thomas A.H., Hornsby, Hailey, Mentzer, Alexander J., Skelly, Donal, Ritter, Thomas G., Temperton, Nigel, Klenerman, Paul, Barnes, Eleanor, Dunachie, Susanna J., Roemer, Cornelius, Peacock, Thomas P., Paterson, Neil G., Williams, Mark A., Hall, David R., Fry, Elizabeth E., Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Ren, Jingshan, Stuart, David I., and Screaton, Gavin R.

Published
2023
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2. Understanding patterns of emergency services use and hospital admissions for patients of the NHS case management programme

Author

Phillips, Eloise, Jones, Sarahjane, Radford, Mark, and Lintern, Maxine

Subjects
610, A300 Clinical Medicine
Abstract

As a result of perceived insufficient non-acute care provision, the Government is making efforts to extend primary care hours to reduce the inappropriate utilisation of 999 and A&E services (NHS England, 2013c, 2014b; Kings Fund, 2017). The case management programme was implemented to reduce acute care use in the ageing and multimorbid demographic who are high-intensity service users (DOH, 2005a). However, case management typically has restricted hours of service delivery, which could place unnecessary burden on emergency and acute services during the out-ofhours period. The aim of this study was to understand the patterns of case-managed patients' use of 999 emergency services and presentations at A&E, and hospital admissions, as well as to explore what factors were perceived as influencing patterns of service interaction. Within a pragmatic paradigm, a sequential explanatory mixed methods study was deployed, delivered in five studies. Two cross-sectional observational studies analysed 999 callout (n=2,930, study one) and A&E attendance and hospital admission data (n=16,495, study two). Descriptive statistics were applied, and inferential statistics conducted according to data type. Key stakeholders were interviewed (patients n=19, study three, carers n=19, study four) and three focus groups conducted (case managers n=18, study five). Transcripts were analysed via an analysis spiral using both deductive and inductive approaches (Creswell, 2007). Using a pluralistic framework and previously unexploited flagged patient-level quantitative datasets produced a novel understanding of when, why and how casemanaged patients interact with services. Despite no out-of-hours emergency service burden within studies one and two, twenty-four-hour case management service provision may be required to align with acute services. Quantitative data highlighted that integration and digital interoperability across systems are required to aid admission avoidance and to improve patient experience. Qualitative investigation revealed service contact was seen in places where several parts of the system were seen to be under strain. Person-centred care and shared decision making may also need to be improved when conveyance and admission decisions are made. Case management as a model for admission prevention to manage the ageing and multimorbid population was valued in studies three to five. The inclusion of elderly and housebound participants brought the lived experience of older people to the forefront, highlighting the negative impact of the media in delaying service interactions. This research could be used to inform policy and service-level decisions at the macro- and meso-levels of healthcare. A conceptual model of the factors that contribute to service interaction presents a holistic infographic guide for case management admission prevention.

Published
2018

3. Immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines in patients with follicular lymphoma receiving frontline chemoimmunotherapy.

Author

Lim, Yeong Jer, Ward, Victoria, Brown, Anthony, Phillips, Eloise, Kronsteiner, Barbara, Malone, Tom, Jennings, Daisy, Healy, Saoirse, Longet, Stephanie, James, Timothy, Thomson, Paul, Farrell, Liam, Oates, Melanie, Jackson, Richard, Morrison, Andrew, Burns, Matthew, Carroll, Miles, Klenerman, Paul, Turtle, Lance, and Naisbitt, Dean

Subjects
FOLLICULAR lymphoma, VACCINE immunogenicity, ANTIBODY formation, T cells, IMMUNE response
Abstract

Summary: Immune responses to primary COVID‐19 vaccination were investigated in 58 patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) as part of the PETReA trial of frontline therapy (EudraCT 2016–004010‐10). COVID‐19 vaccines (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1) were administered before, during or after cytoreductive treatment comprising rituximab (depletes B cells) and either bendamustine (depletes CD4+ T cells) or cyclophosphamide‐based chemotherapy. Blood samples obtained after vaccine doses 1 and 2 (V1, V2) were analysed for antibodies and T cells reactive to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein using the Abbott Architect and interferon‐gamma ELISpot assays respectively. Compared to 149 healthy controls, patients with FL exhibited lower antibody but preserved T‐cell responses. Within the FL cohort, multivariable analysis identified low pre‐treatment serum IgA levels and V2 administration during induction or maintenance treatment as independent determinants of lower antibody and higher T‐cell responses, and bendamustine and high/intermediate FLIPI‐2 score as additional determinants of a lower antibody response. Several clinical scenarios were identified where dichotomous immune responses were estimated with >95% confidence based on combinations of predictive variables. In conclusion, the immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines in FL patients is influenced by multiple disease‐ and treatment‐related factors, among which B‐cell depletion showed differential effects on antibody and T‐cell responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. P1095: COVID-19 VACCINE RESPONSES IN FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA: DETERMINANTS OF HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN THE PETREA TRIAL OF FRONTLINE CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY

Author

Jer Lim, Yeong, primary, Ward, Victoria, additional, Farrell, Liam, additional, Naisbitt, Dean, additional, Brown, Anthony, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Thomson, Paul, additional, Oates, Melanie, additional, Jackson, Richard, additional, Morrison, Andrew, additional, Burns, Matthew, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, Rhodes, Malcolm, additional, Robinson, Kate, additional, Gatto, Simona, additional, Young, Moya, additional, Eyre, Toby A, additional, Eyre, David W., additional, Dunachie, Susanna, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, and Pettitt, Andrew, additional

Published
2023
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6. Rapid escape of new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants from BA.2-directed antibody responses

Author

Dijokaite-Guraliuc, Aiste, primary, Das, Raksha, additional, Zhou, Daming, additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., additional, Huo, Jiandong, additional, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Selvaraj, Muneeswaran, additional, de Silva, Thushan I., additional, Plowright, Megan, additional, Newman, Thomas A.H., additional, Hornsby, Hailey, additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Ritter, Thomas G., additional, Temperton, Nigel, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Roemer, Cornelius, additional, Peacock, Thomas P., additional, Paterson, Neil G., additional, Williams, Mark A., additional, Hall, David R., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Conlon, Christopher, additional, Deeks, Alexandra, additional, Frater, John, additional, Gardiner, Siobhan, additional, Jämsén, Anni, additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Kronsteiner-Dobramysl, Barbara, additional, Abraham, Priyanka, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Longet, Stephanie, additional, Tipton, Tom, additional, Carrol, Miles, additional, and Stafford, Lizzie, additional

Published
2023
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7. Evolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens

Author

Moore, Shona C., primary, Kronsteiner, Barbara, additional, Longet, Stephanie, additional, Adele, Sandra, additional, Deeks, Alexandra S., additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Reyes, Laura Silva, additional, Meardon, Naomi, additional, Faustini, Sian, additional, Al-Taei, Saly, additional, Tipton, Tom, additional, Hering, Luisa M., additional, Angyal, Adrienn, additional, Brown, Rebecca, additional, Nicols, Alexander R., additional, Dobson, Susan L., additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, additional, Cross, Andrew, additional, Tyerman, Jessica K., additional, Hornsby, Hailey, additional, Grouneva, Irina, additional, Plowright, Megan, additional, Zhang, Peijun, additional, Newman, Thomas A.H., additional, Nell, Jeremy M., additional, Abraham, Priyanka, additional, Ali, Mohammad, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Neale, Isabel, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Wilson, Joseph D., additional, Murray, Sam M., additional, Zewdie, Martha, additional, Shields, Adrian, additional, Horner, Emily C., additional, Booth, Lucy H., additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Wootton, Daniel G., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Matthews, Philippa C., additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Brown, Anthony, additional, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Payne, Rebecca P., additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Thaventhiran, James E.D., additional, Screaton, Gavin, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Hopkins, Susan, additional, Hall, Victoria, additional, Duncan, Christopher J.A., additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Carroll, Miles, additional, de Silva, Thushan I., additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Dunachie, Susanna, additional, and Turtle, Lance, additional

Published
2023
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8. Evolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens

Author

Moore, Shona C, Kronsteiner, Barbara, Longet, Stephanie, Adele, Sandra, Deeks, Alexandra S, Liu, Chang, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, Reyes, Laura Silva, Meardon, Naomi, Faustini, Sian, Al-Taei, Saly, Tipton, Tom, Hering, Luisa M, Angyal, Adrienn, Brown, Rebecca, Nicols, Alexander R, Dobson, Susan L, Supasa, Piyada, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, Cross, Andrew, Tyerman, Jessica K, Hornsby, Hailey, Grouneva, Irina, Plowright, Megan, Zhang, Peijun, Newman, Thomas AH, Nell, Jeremy M, Abraham, Priyanka, Ali, Mohammad, Malone, Tom, Neale, Isabel, Phillips, Eloise, Wilson, Joseph D, Murray, Sam M, Zewdie, Martha, Shields, Adrian, Horner, Emily C, Booth, Lucy H, Stafford, Lizzie, Bibi, Sagida, Wootton, Daniel G, Mentzer, Alexander J, Conlon, Christopher P, Jeffery, Katie, Matthews, Philippa C, Pollard, Andrew J, Brown, Anthony, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Payne, Rebecca P, Dold, Christina, Lambe, Teresa, Thaventhiran, James ED, Screaton, Gavin, Barnes, Eleanor, Hopkins, Susan, Hall, Victoria, Duncan, Christopher JA, Richter, Alex, Carroll, Miles, De Silva, Thushan I, Klenerman, Paul, Dunachie, Susanna, Turtle, Lance, PITCH Consortium, Nicols, Alexander R [0000-0002-1813-3819], Matthews, Philippa C [0000-0002-4036-4269], Barnes, Eleanor [0000-0002-0860-0831], Dunachie, Susanna [0000-0001-5665-6293], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Vaccines, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Translation to population health, Health Personnel, T cells, COVID-19, COVID vaccine, immunity, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Immunity, Humoral, antibody, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Humans, Prospective Studies, BNT162 Vaccine
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Both infection and vaccination, alone or in combination, generate antibody and T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the maintenance of such responses-and hence protection from disease-requires careful characterization. In a large prospective study of UK healthcare workers (HCWs) (Protective Immunity from T Cells in Healthcare Workers [PITCH], within the larger SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation [SIREN] study), we previously observed that prior infection strongly affected subsequent cellular and humoral immunity induced after long and short dosing intervals of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccination. METHODS: Here, we report longer follow-up of 684 HCWs in this cohort over 6-9 months following two doses of BNT162b2 or AZD1222 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) vaccination and up to 6 months following a subsequent mRNA booster vaccination. FINDINGS: We make three observations: first, the dynamics of humoral and cellular responses differ; binding and neutralizing antibodies declined, whereas T and memory B cell responses were maintained after the second vaccine dose. Second, vaccine boosting restored immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels; broadened neutralizing activity against variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5; and boosted T cell responses above the 6-month level after dose 2. Third, prior infection maintained its impact driving larger and broader T cell responses compared with never-infected people, a feature maintained until 6 months after the third dose. CONCLUSIONS: Broadly cross-reactive T cell responses are well maintained over time-especially in those with combined vaccine and infection-induced immunity ("hybrid" immunity)-and may contribute to continued protection against severe disease. FUNDING: Department for Health and Social Care, Medical Research Council.

Published
2023

9. Evaluation of QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 interferon-γ release assay following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

Author

Johnson, Síle A, Phillips, Eloise, Adele, Sandra, Longet, Stephanie, Malone, Tom, Mason, Chris, Stafford, Lizzie, Jamsen, Anni, Gardiner, Siobhan, Deeks, Alexandra, Neo, Janice, Blurton, Emily J, White, Jemima, Ali, Muhammed, Kronsteiner, Barbara, Wilson, Joseph D, Skelly, Dónal T, Jeffery, Katie, Conlon, Christopher P, and Goulder, Philip

Subjects
*SARS-CoV-2, *MEDICAL personnel, *T cells, *VACCINATION, *INTERFERON gamma
Abstract

T cells are important in preventing severe disease from SARS-CoV-2, but scalable and field-adaptable alternatives to expert T-cell assays are needed. The interferon-gamma release assay QuantiFERON platform was developed to detect T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 from whole blood with relatively basic equipment and flexibility of processing timelines. Forty-eight participants with different infection and vaccination backgrounds were recruited. Whole blood samples were analysed using the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay in parallel with the well-established 'Protective Immunity from T Cells in Healthcare workers' (PITCH) ELISpot, which can evaluate spike-specific T-cell responses. The primary aims of this cross-sectional observational cohort study were to establish if the QuantiFERON SARS-Co-V-2 assay could discern differences between specified groups and to assess the sensitivity of the assay compared with the PITCH ELISpot. The QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 distinguished acutely infected individuals (12–21 days post positive PCR) from naïve individuals (P < 0.0001) with 100% sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 T cells, whilst the PITCH ELISpot had reduced sensitivity (62.5%) for the acute infection group. Sensitivity with QuantiFERON for previous infection was 12.5% (172–444 days post positive test) and was inferior to the PITCH ELISpot (75%). Although the QuantiFERON assay could discern differences between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals (55–166 days since second vaccination), the latter also had reduced sensitivity (44.4%) compared to the PITCH ELISpot (66.6%). The QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay showed potential as a T- cell evaluation tool soon after SARS-CoV-2 infection but has lower sensitivity for use in reliable evaluation of vaccination or more distant infection. With the exception of acute infection group, the PITCH ELISpot S1 + S2 had greater sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses compared with the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay tube Ag3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 from vaccine and BA.1 serum

Author

Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, primary, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, additional, Dijokaite-Guraliuc, Aiste, additional, Zhou, Daming, additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Selvaraj, Muneeswaran, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., additional, Das, Raksha, additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Ritter, Thomas G., additional, Amini, Ali, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Adele, Sandra, additional, Johnson, Sile Ann, additional, Constantinides, Bede, additional, Webster, Hermione, additional, Temperton, Nigel, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Crook, Derrick, additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Goulder, Philip, additional, Paterson, Neil G., additional, Williams, Mark A., additional, Hall, David R., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Huo, Jiandong, additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Conlon, Christopher, additional, Deeks, Alexandra, additional, Frater, John, additional, Frending, Lisa, additional, Gardiner, Siobhan, additional, Jämsén, Anni, additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Rothwell, Lucy, additional, and Stafford, Lizzie, additional

Published
2022
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11. Impaired humoral and cellular response to primary COVID ‐19 vaccination in patients less than 2 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplant

Author

Murray, Sam M., primary, Barbanti, Maria, additional, Campbell, Cori, additional, Brown, Anthony, additional, Chen, Lucia, additional, Dhanapal, Jay, additional, Tseu, Bing, additional, Pervaiz, Omer, additional, Peters, Louis, additional, Springett, Sally, additional, Danby, Robert, additional, Adele, Sandra, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Amini, Ali, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Deeks, Alexandra S., additional, Dunachie, Susanna, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Peniket, Andrew, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, and Kesavan, Murali, additional

Published
2022
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12. Evolution of long-term vaccine induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccination regimens: a longitudinal observational cohort study

Author

Moore, Shona C., primary, Kronsteiner, Barbara, additional, Longet, Stephanie, additional, Adele, Sandra, additional, Deeks, Alexandra S., additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Reyes, Laura Silva, additional, Meardon, Naomi, additional, Faustini, Sian, additional, Al-Taei, Saly, additional, Tipton, Tom, additional, Hering, Luisa M, additional, Angyal, Adrienn, additional, Brown, Rebecca, additional, Nicols, Alexander R, additional, Dobson, Susan L, additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, additional, Cross, Andrew, additional, Tyerman, Jessica K, additional, Hornsby, Hailey, additional, Grouneva, Irina, additional, Plowright, Megan, additional, Zhang, Peijun, additional, Newman, Thomas A.H., additional, Nell, Jeremy M., additional, Abraham, Priyanka, additional, Ali, Mohammad, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Neale, Isabel, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Wilson, Joseph D., additional, Murray, Sam M., additional, Zewdie, Martha, additional, Shields, Adrian, additional, Horner, Emily C., additional, Booth, Lucy H., additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Wootton, Daniel G., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Matthews, Philippa C., additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Brown, Anthony, additional, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Payne, Rebecca P., additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Thaventhiran, James E.D., additional, Screaton, Gavin, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Hopkins, Susan, additional, Hall, Victoria, additional, Duncan, Christopher JA, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Carroll, Miles, additional, de Silva, Thushan I., additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Dunachie, Susanna, additional, and Turtle, Lance, additional

Published
2022
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13. Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 from vaccine and BA.1 serum

Author

Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, Huo, Jiandong, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, Dijokaite-Guraliuc, Aiste, Zhou, Daming, Ginn, Helen M., Selvaraj, Muneeswaran, Liu, Chang, Mentzer, Alexander J., Supasa, Piyada, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., Das, Raksha, Skelly, Donal, Ritter, Thomas G., Amini, Ali, Bibi, Sagida, Adele, Sandra, Johnson, Sile Ann, Constantinides, Bede, Webster, Hermione, Temperton, Nigel J., Klenerman, Paul, Barnes, Eleanor, Dunachie, Susanna J., Crook, Derrick, Pollard, Andrew J., Lambe, Teresa, Goulder, Philip, Paterson, Neil G., Williams, Mark A., Hall, David R., Fry, Elizabeth E., Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Ren, Jingshan, Stuart, David I., Screaton, Gavin R., Conlon, Christopher, Deeks, Alexandra, Frater, John, Frending, Lisa, Gardiner, Siobhan, Jämsén, Anni, Jeffery, Katie, Malone, Tom, Phillips, Eloise, Rothwell, Lucy, Stafford, Lizzie, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, Huo, Jiandong, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, Dijokaite-Guraliuc, Aiste, Zhou, Daming, Ginn, Helen M., Selvaraj, Muneeswaran, Liu, Chang, Mentzer, Alexander J., Supasa, Piyada, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., Das, Raksha, Skelly, Donal, Ritter, Thomas G., Amini, Ali, Bibi, Sagida, Adele, Sandra, Johnson, Sile Ann, Constantinides, Bede, Webster, Hermione, Temperton, Nigel J., Klenerman, Paul, Barnes, Eleanor, Dunachie, Susanna J., Crook, Derrick, Pollard, Andrew J., Lambe, Teresa, Goulder, Philip, Paterson, Neil G., Williams, Mark A., Hall, David R., Fry, Elizabeth E., Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Ren, Jingshan, Stuart, David I., Screaton, Gavin R., Conlon, Christopher, Deeks, Alexandra, Frater, John, Frending, Lisa, Gardiner, Siobhan, Jämsén, Anni, Jeffery, Katie, Malone, Tom, Phillips, Eloise, Rothwell, Lucy, and Stafford, Lizzie

Abstract

The Omicron lineage of SARS-CoV-2, first described in November 2021, spread rapidly to become globally dominant and has split into a number of sub-lineages. BA.1 dominated the initial wave but has been replaced by BA.2 in many countries. Recent sequencing from South Africa’s Gauteng region uncovered two new sub-lineages, BA.4 and BA.5 which are taking over locally, driving a new wave. BA.4 and BA.5 contain identical spike sequences and, although closely related to BA.2, contain further mutations in the receptor binding domain of spike. Here, we study the neutralization of BA.4/5 using a range of vaccine and naturally immune serum and panels of monoclonal antibodies. BA.4/5 shows reduced neutralization by serum from triple AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccinated individuals compared to BA.1 and BA.2. Furthermore, using serum from BA.1 vaccine breakthrough infections there are likewise, significant reductions in the neutralization of BA.4/5, raising the possibility of repeat Omicron infections.

Published
2022

15. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses

Author

Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, primary, Huo, Jiandong, additional, Zhou, Daming, additional, Zahradník, Jiří, additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, additional, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, additional, Wang, Beibei, additional, Dijokaite, Aiste, additional, Khan, Suman, additional, Avinoam, Ori, additional, Bahar, Mohammad, additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Adele, Sandra, additional, Johnson, Sile Ann, additional, Amini, Ali, additional, Ritter, Thomas G., additional, Mason, Chris, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Pan, Daniel, additional, Assadi, Sara, additional, Bellass, Adam, additional, Omo-Dare, Nicola, additional, Koeckerling, David, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Aley, Parvinder K., additional, Voysey, Merryn, additional, Costa Clemens, Sue Ann, additional, Naveca, Felipe Gomes, additional, Nascimento, Valdinete, additional, Nascimento, Fernanda, additional, Fernandes da Costa, Cristiano, additional, Resende, Paola Cristina, additional, Pauvolid-Correa, Alex, additional, Siqueira, Marilda M., additional, Baillie, Vicky, additional, Serafin, Natali, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Da Silva, Kelly, additional, Madhi, Shabir A., additional, Nunes, Marta C., additional, Malik, Tariq, additional, Openshaw, Peter J.M., additional, Baillie, J. Kenneth, additional, Semple, Malcolm G., additional, Townsend, Alain R., additional, Huang, Kuan-Ying A., additional, Tan, Tiong Kit, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Constantinides, Bede, additional, Webster, Hermione, additional, Crook, Derrick, additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Paterson, Neil G., additional, Williams, Mark A., additional, Hall, David R., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Schreiber, Gideon, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Conlon, Christopher, additional, Deeks, Alexandra S., additional, Frater, John, additional, Frending, Lisa, additional, Gardiner, Siobhan, additional, Jämsén, Anni, additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Rothwell, Lucy, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Baillie, J Kenneth, additional, Openshaw, Peter JM., additional, Carson, Gail, additional, Alex, Beatrice, additional, Andrikopoulos, Petros, additional, Bach, Benjamin, additional, Barclay, Wendy S., additional, Bogaert, Debby, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Chechi, Kanta, additional, Cooke, Graham S., additional, da Silva Filipe, Ana, additional, de Silva, Thushan, additional, Docherty, Annemarie B., additional, dos Santos Correia, Gonçalo, additional, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, additional, Dunning, Jake, additional, Fletcher, Tom, additional, Green, Christoper A., additional, Greenhalf, William, additional, Griffin, Julian L., additional, Gupta, Rishi K., additional, Harrison, Ewen M., additional, Hiscox, Julian A., additional, Wai Ho, Antonia Ying, additional, Horby, Peter W., additional, Ijaz, Samreen, additional, Khoo, Saye, additional, Law, Andrew, additional, Lewis, Matthew R., additional, Liggi, Sonia, additional, Lim, Wei Shen, additional, Maslen, Lynn, additional, Merson, Laura, additional, Meynert, Alison M., additional, Moore, Shona C., additional, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, additional, Olanipekun, Michael, additional, Osagie, Anthonia, additional, Palmarini, Massimo, additional, Palmieri, Carlo, additional, Paxton, William A., additional, Pollakis, Georgios, additional, Price, Nicholas, additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, Robertson, David L., additional, Russell, Clark D., additional, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, additional, Sands, Caroline J., additional, Scott, Janet T., additional, Sigfrid, Louise, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Sriskandan, Shiranee, additional, Stuart, David, additional, Summers, Charlotte, additional, Swann, Olivia V., additional, Takats, Zoltan, additional, Takis, Panteleimon, additional, Tedder, Richard S., additional, Thompson, AA Roger, additional, Thomson, Emma C., additional, Thwaites, Ryan S., additional, Turtle, Lance CW., additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Hardwick, Hayley, additional, Donohue, Chloe, additional, Griffiths, Fiona, additional, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, additional, Donegan, Cara, additional, Spencer, Rebecca G., additional, Norman, Lisa, additional, Pius, Riinu, additional, Drake, Thomas M., additional, Fairfield, Cameron J., additional, Knight, Stephen R., additional, Mclean, Kenneth A., additional, Murphy, Derek, additional, Shaw, Catherine A., additional, Dalton, Jo, additional, Girvan, Michelle, additional, Saviciute, Egle, additional, Roberts, Stephanie, additional, Harrison, Janet, additional, Marsh, Laura, additional, Connor, Marie, additional, Halpin, Sophie, additional, Jackson, Clare, additional, Gamble, Carrol, additional, Plotkin, Daniel, additional, Lee, James, additional, Leeming, Gary, additional, Wham, Murray, additional, Clohisey, Sara, additional, Hendry, Ross, additional, Scott-Brown, James, additional, Shaw, Victoria, additional, McDonald, Sarah E., additional, Keating, Seán, additional, Ahmed, Katie A., additional, Armstrong, Jane A., additional, Ashworth, Milton, additional, Asiimwe, Innocent G., additional, Bakshi, Siddharth, additional, Barlow, Samantha L., additional, Booth, Laura, additional, Brennan, Benjamin, additional, Bullock, Katie, additional, Catterall, Benjamin WA., additional, Clark, Jordan J., additional, Clarke, Emily A., additional, Cole, Sarah, additional, Cooper, Louise, additional, Cox, Helen, additional, Davis, Christopher, additional, Dincarslan, Oslem, additional, Dunn, Chris, additional, Dyer, Philip, additional, Elliott, Angela, additional, Evans, Anthony, additional, Finch, Lorna, additional, Fisher, Lewis WS., additional, Foster, Terry, additional, Garcia-Dorival, Isabel, additional, Gunning, Philip, additional, Hartley, Catherine, additional, Jensen, Rebecca L., additional, Jones, Christopher B., additional, Jones, Trevor R., additional, Khandaker, Shadia, additional, King, Katharine, additional, Kiy, Robyn T., additional, Koukorava, Chrysa, additional, Lake, Annette, additional, Lant, Suzannah, additional, Latawiec, Diane, additional, Lavelle-Langham, Lara, additional, Lefteri, Daniella, additional, Lett, Lauren, additional, Livoti, Lucia A., additional, Mancini, Maria, additional, McDonald, Sarah, additional, McEvoy, Laurence, additional, McLauchlan, John, additional, Metelmann, Soeren, additional, Miah, Nahida S., additional, Middleton, Joanna, additional, Mitchell, Joyce, additional, Murphy, Ellen G., additional, Penrice-Randal, Rebekah, additional, Pilgrim, Jack, additional, Prince, Tessa, additional, Reynolds, Will, additional, Ridley, P. Matthew, additional, Sales, Debby, additional, Shaw, Victoria E., additional, Shears, Rebecca K., additional, Small, Benjamin, additional, Subramaniam, Krishanthi S., additional, Szemiel, Agnieska, additional, Taggart, Aislynn, additional, Tanianis-Hughes, Jolanta, additional, Thomas, Jordan, additional, Trochu, Erwan, additional, van Tonder, Libby, additional, Wilcock, Eve, additional, Zhang, J. Eunice, additional, Flaherty, Lisa, additional, Maziere, Nicole, additional, Cass, Emily, additional, Carracedo, Alejandra Doce, additional, Carlucci, Nicola, additional, Holmes, Anthony, additional, Massey, Hannah, additional, Murphy, Lee, additional, McCafferty, Sarah, additional, Clark, Richard, additional, Fawkes, Angie, additional, Morrice, Kirstie, additional, Maclean, Alan, additional, Wrobel, Nicola, additional, Donnelly, Lorna, additional, Coutts, Audrey, additional, Hafezi, Katarzyna, additional, MacGillivray, Louise, additional, Gilchrist, Tammy, additional, Adeniji, Kayode, additional, Agranoff, Daniel, additional, Agwuh, Ken, additional, Ail, Dhiraj, additional, Aldera, Erin L., additional, Alegria, Ana, additional, Allen, Sam, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Ashish, Abdul, additional, Atkinson, Dougal, additional, Bari, Shahedal, additional, Barlow, Gavin, additional, Barnass, Stella, additional, Barrett, Nicholas, additional, Bassford, Christopher, additional, Basude, Sneha, additional, Baxter, David, additional, Beadsworth, Michael, additional, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, additional, Berridge, John, additional, Berry, Colin, additional, Best, Nicola, additional, Bothma, Pieter, additional, Chadwick, David, additional, Brittain-Long, Robin, additional, Bulteel, Naomi, additional, Burden, Tom, additional, Burtenshaw, Andrew, additional, Caruth, Vikki, additional, Chambler, Duncan, additional, Chee, Nigel, additional, Child, Jenny, additional, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, additional, Clark, Tom, additional, Collini, Paul, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine, additional, Cupitt, Jason, additional, Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa, additional, Dark, Paul, additional, Dawson, Chris, additional, Dervisevic, Samir, additional, Donnison, Phil, additional, Douthwaite, Sam, additional, Drummond, Andrew, additional, DuRand, Ingrid, additional, Dushianthan, Ahilanadan, additional, Dyer, Tristan, additional, Evans, Cariad, additional, Eziefula, Chi, additional, Fegan, Chrisopher, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Fullerton, Duncan, additional, Garg, Sanjeev, additional, Garg, Atul, additional, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, additional, Godden, Jo, additional, Goldsmith, Arthur, additional, Graham, Clive, additional, Hardy, Elaine, additional, Hartshorn, Stuart, additional, Harvey, Daniel, additional, Havalda, Peter, additional, Hawcutt, Daniel B., additional, Hobrok, Maria, additional, Hodgson, Luke, additional, Hormis, Anil, additional, Jacobs, Michael, additional, Jain, Susan, additional, Jennings, Paul, additional, Kaliappan, Agilan, additional, Kasipandian, Vidya, additional, Kegg, Stephen, additional, Kelsey, Michael, additional, Kendall, Jason, additional, Kerrison, Caroline, additional, Kerslake, Ian, additional, Koch, Oliver, additional, Koduri, Gouri, additional, Koshy, George, additional, Laha, Shondipon, additional, Laird, Steven, additional, Larkin, Susan, additional, Leiner, Tamas, additional, Lillie, Patrick, additional, Limb, James, additional, Linnett, Vanessa, additional, Little, Jeff, additional, Lyttle, Mark, additional, MacMahon, Michael, additional, MacNaughton, Emily, additional, Mankregod, Ravish, additional, Masson, Huw, additional, Matovu, Elijah, additional, McCullough, Katherine, additional, McEwen, Ruth, additional, Meda, Manjula, additional, Mills, Gary, additional, Minton, Jane, additional, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, additional, Mohandas, Kavya, additional, Mok, Quen, additional, Moon, James, additional, Moore, Elinoor, additional, Morgan, Patrick, additional, Morris, Craig, additional, Mortimore, Katherine, additional, Moses, Samuel, additional, Mpenge, Mbiye, additional, Mulla, Rohinton, additional, Murphy, Michael, additional, Nagel, Megan, additional, Nagarajan, Thapas, additional, Nelson, Mark, additional, Norris, Lillian, additional, O’Shea, Matthew K., additional, Otahal, Igor, additional, Ostermann, Marlies, additional, Pais, Mark, additional, Panchatsharam, Selva, additional, Papakonstantinou, Danai, additional, Paraiso, Hassan, additional, Patel, Brij, additional, Pattison, Natalie, additional, Pepperell, Justin, additional, Peters, Mark, additional, Phull, Mandeep, additional, Pintus, Stefania, additional, Pooni, Jagtur Singh, additional, Planche, Tim, additional, Post, Frank, additional, Price, David, additional, Prout, Rachel, additional, Rae, Nikolas, additional, Reschreiter, Henrik, additional, Reynolds, Tim, additional, Richardson, Neil, additional, Roberts, Mark, additional, Roberts, Devender, additional, Rose, Alistair, additional, Rousseau, Guy, additional, Ruge, Bobby, additional, Ryan, Brendan, additional, Saluja, Taranprit, additional, Schmid, Matthias L., additional, Shah, Aarti, additional, Shanmuga, Prad, additional, Sharma, Anil, additional, Shawcross, Anna, additional, Sizer, Jeremy, additional, Shankar-Hari, Manu, additional, Smith, Richard, additional, Snelson, Catherine, additional, Spittle, Nick, additional, Staines, Nikki, additional, Stambach, Tom, additional, Stewart, Richard, additional, Subudhi, Pradeep, additional, Szakmany, Tamas, additional, Tatham, Kate, additional, Thomas, Jo, additional, Thompson, Chris, additional, Thompson, Robert, additional, Tridente, Ascanio, additional, Tupper-Carey, Darell, additional, Twagira, Mary, additional, Vallotton, Nick, additional, Vancheeswaran, Rama, additional, Vincent-Smith, Lisa, additional, Visuvanathan, Shico, additional, Vuylsteke, Alan, additional, Waddy, Sam, additional, Wake, Rachel, additional, Walden, Andrew, additional, Welters, Ingeborg, additional, Whitehouse, Tony, additional, Whittaker, Paul, additional, Whittington, Ashley, additional, Papineni, Padmasayee, additional, Wijesinghe, Meme, additional, Williams, Martin, additional, Wilson, Lawrence, additional, Winchester, Stephen, additional, Wiselka, Martin, additional, Wolverson, Adam, additional, Wootton, Daniel G., additional, Workman, Andrew, additional, Yates, Bryan, additional, and Young, Peter, additional

Published
2022
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16. T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study

Author

Angyal, Adrienn, primary, Longet, Stephanie, additional, Moore, Shona C, additional, Payne, Rebecca P, additional, Harding, Adam, additional, Tipton, Tom, additional, Rongkard, Patpong, additional, Ali, Mohammad, additional, Hering, Luisa M, additional, Meardon, Naomi, additional, Austin, James, additional, Brown, Rebecca, additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Gillson, Natalie, additional, Dobson, Sue L, additional, Cross, Andrew, additional, Sandhar, Gurjinder, additional, Kilby, Jonathan A, additional, Tyerman, Jessica K, additional, Nicols, Alexander R, additional, Spegarova, Jarmila S, additional, Mehta, Hema, additional, Hornsby, Hailey, additional, Whitham, Rachel, additional, Conlon, Christopher P, additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Goulder, Philip, additional, Frater, John, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Pace, Matthew, additional, Ogbe, Ane, additional, Brown, Helen, additional, Ansari, M Azim, additional, Adland, Emily, additional, Brown, Anthony, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Shields, Adrian, additional, Matthews, Philippa C, additional, Hopkins, Susan, additional, Hall, Victoria, additional, James, William, additional, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Dunachie, Susanna, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Carroll, Miles, additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, de Silva, Thushan I, additional, Watson, Adam, additional, Angyal, Adrienn, additional, Alhussni, Ahmed, additional, Nicols, Alexander, additional, Deeks, Alexandra, additional, Webb-Bridges, Alice, additional, Jämsén, Anni, additional, Chawla, Anu, additional, Duncan, Christopher, additional, Conlon, Christopher, additional, O'Donnell, Denise, additional, Weeks, Esme, additional, Abuelgasim, Hibatullah, additional, Xiao, Huiyuan, additional, Spegarova, Jarmila, additional, Holmes, Jennifer, additional, Haworth, Jenny, additional, Tyerman, Jessica, additional, Kilby, Jonathan, additional, Cutteridge, Joseph, additional, Lillie, Katy, additional, Romaniuk, Leigh, additional, Denly, Lucy, additional, Hering, Luisa, additional, Ansari, M. Azim, additional, Kasanyinga, Mwila, additional, Matthews, Philippa, additional, Payne, Rebecca, additional, Wilson, Robert, additional, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, additional, Thomas, Sarah, additional, Moore, Shona, additional, Gardiner, Siobhan, additional, Tucker, Stephanie, additional, Dobson, Sue, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, de Silva, Thushan, additional, Lawrie, Allan, additional, Smith, Nikki, additional, Turton, Helena, additional, Zawia, Amira, additional, Bayley, Martin, additional, Fairman, Alex, additional, Harrington, Kate, additional, Kirk, Rosemary, additional, Marsh, Louise, additional, Watson, Lisa, additional, Wood, Steven, additional, Diffey, Benjamin, additional, Jones, Chris, additional, Lett, Lauren, additional, Platt, Gareth, additional, Subramaniam, Krishanthi, additional, Wootton, Daniel, additional, Payne, Brendan, additional, Hambleton, Sophie, additional, Kelly, Sinead, additional, Marston, Judith, additional, Poolan, Sonia, additional, Turner, Dianne, additional, Haniffa, Muzlifah, additional, Stephenson, Emily, additional, Adele, Sandra, additional, Akhter, Hossain Delowar, additional, Chinnakannan, Senthil, additional, de Lara, Catherine, additional, Donnison, Timothy, additional, Hackstein, Carl-Philipp, additional, Lee, Lian, additional, Lim, Nicholas, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Ramamurthy, Narayan, additional, Robinson, Nichola, additional, Sampson, Oliver, additional, Eyre, David, additional, Simmons, Beatrice, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Mentzer, Alexander, additional, Amini, Ali, additional, Arancibia-Cárcamo, Carolina, additional, Provine, Nicholas, additional, Travis, Simon, additional, Dimitriadis, Stavros, additional, Johnson, Sile, additional, Foulkes, Sarah, additional, Khawam, Jameel, additional, Wellington, Edgar, additional, Gilbert-Jaramillo, Javier, additional, Knight, Michael, additional, Dupont, Maeva, additional, Horner, Emily, additional, Thaventhiran, James, additional, and Chalk, Jeremy, additional

Published
2022
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17. Evolution of Long-Term Hybrid Immunity in Healthcare Workers after Different Covid-19 Vaccination Regimens: A Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study

Author

Moore, Shona, primary, Kronsteiner, Barbara, additional, Longet, Stephanie, additional, Adele, Sandra, additional, Deeks, Alexandra, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Silva Reyes, Laura, additional, Meardon, Naomi, additional, Faustini, Sian, additional, Al-Taei, Saly, additional, Tipton, Tom, additional, Hering, Luisa M., additional, Angyal, Adrienn, additional, Brown, Rebecca, additional, Nicols, Alexander R., additional, Dobson, Sue L., additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, additional, Cross, Andrew, additional, Tyerman, Jessica K., additional, Hornsby, Hailey, additional, Grouneva, Irina, additional, Plowright, Megan, additional, Zhang, Peijun, additional, Newman, Thomas, additional, Nell, Jeremy M., additional, Abraham, Priyanka, additional, Ali, Mohammad, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Neale, Isabel, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Wilson, Joseph D., additional, Murray, Sam M., additional, Shields, Adrian, additional, Horner, Emily C., additional, Booth, Lucy H., additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Wootton, Dan G., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Matthews, Philippa C., additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Brown, Anthony, additional, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., additional, Mongkolspaya, Juthathip, additional, Payne, Rebecca P., additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Thaventhiran, James, additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Hopkins, Susan, additional, Hall, Victoria Jane, additional, Duncan, Christopher JA, additional, Richter, Alex G., additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, de Silva, Thushan I., additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Dunachie, Susanna, additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, and Consortium, PITCH, additional

Published
2022
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18. Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Author

Skelly, Donal T, Harding, Adam C, Gilbert-Jaramillo, Javier, Knight, Michael L, Longet, Stephanie, Brown, Anthony, Adele, Sandra, Adland, Emily, Brown, Helen, Chinnakannan, Senthil, Donnison, Timothy, Ali, Mohammad, Rongkard, Patpong, Pace, Matthew, Zacharopoulou, Peny, Robinson, Nicola, Csala, Anna, De Lara, Cathy, Hutchings, Claire L, Mehta, Hema, Lee, Lian Ni, Edmans, Matthew, Hackstein, Carl-Philipp, Phalora, Prabhjeet, Li, Wenqin, Phillips, Eloise, Malone, Tom, Ogbe, Ane, Jay, Cecilia, Tipoe, Timothy, Tipton, Tom, Stafford, Lizzie, Mentzer, Alexander J, Johnson, Sile A, Amini, Ali, Marjot, Thomas, Dimitriadis, Stavros, Simmons, Beatrice, Deeks, Alexandra, Kerneis, Sven, Abuelgasim, Hibatullah, Wilson, Robert, Thomas, Sarah R, Watson, Adam, Alhussni, Ahmed, Cutteridge, Joseph, Weeks, Esme, Denly, Lucy, Lillie, Katy, Holmes, Jennifer, Matthews, Philppa C, O'Donnell, Denise, Tan, Tiong Kit, Schimanski, Lisa, Huang, Kuan-Ying A, Rijal, Pramila, Turtle, Lance, de Silva, Thushan, Richter, Alex, Duncan, Christopher JA, Payne, Rebecca P, Moore, Shona C, Knight, Julian C, Cassar, Mark Philip, Raman, Betty, Neubauer, Stefan, Fries, Anastasia, Talbot, Nick P, Petousi, Nayia, Ho, Ling-Pei, Peng, Yanchun, Dong, Tao, Camara, Susana, Marinou, Spyridoula, Linder, Aline, Adlou, Syed, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Bridges-Webb, Alice, Hill, Jennifer, Silva-Reyes, Laura, Blackwell, Luke, Frater, John, Goulder, Philip, Conlon, Christopher P, Jeffery, Katie, Dold, Christina, Pollard, Andrew J, Sigal, Alex, de Oliveira, Tulio, Townsend, Alain R, Klenerman, Paul, Dunachie, Susanna J, Barnes, Eleanor, Carroll, Miles W, James, William S, Team, Medawar Lab, OPTIC, PITCH, and PHOSP

Subjects
COVID-19 Vaccines, T cell, viruses, Science, T-Lymphocytes, General Physics and Astronomy, Biology, Antibodies, Viral, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Neutralization, Epitope, Article, Epitopes, Immune system, Immunity, medicine, Animals, Humans, skin and connective tissue diseases, Vaccines, Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, Antibodies, Monoclonal, COVID-19, General Chemistry, Antimicrobial responses, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Virology, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Vaccination, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunization, biology.protein, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Antibody, Pathogens, Carrier Proteins
Abstract

The extent to which immune responses to natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and immunization with vaccines protect against variants of concern (VOC) is of increasing importance. Accordingly, here we analyse antibodies and T cells of a recently vaccinated, UK cohort, alongside those recovering from natural infection in early 2020. We show that neutralization of the VOC compared to a reference isolate of the original circulating lineage, B, is reduced: more profoundly against B.1.351 than for B.1.1.7, and in responses to infection or a single dose of vaccine than to a second dose of vaccine. Importantly, high magnitude T cell responses are generated after two vaccine doses, with the majority of the T cell response directed against epitopes that are conserved between the prototype isolate B and the VOC. Vaccination is required to generate high potency immune responses to protect against these and other emergent variants., Understanding the effect of vaccination on emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is of increasing importance. Here, James et al. report that two doses of vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine induce more robust immune responses to the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 lineages than does natural infection.

Published
2021

19. Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

Author

Payne, Rebecca P., primary, Longet, Stephanie, additional, Austin, James A., additional, Skelly, Donal T., additional, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Adele, Sandra, additional, Meardon, Naomi, additional, Faustini, Sian, additional, Al-Taei, Saly, additional, Moore, Shona C., additional, Tipton, Tom, additional, Hering, Luisa M., additional, Angyal, Adrienn, additional, Brown, Rebecca, additional, Nicols, Alexander R., additional, Gillson, Natalie, additional, Dobson, Susan L., additional, Amini, Ali, additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Cross, Andrew, additional, Bridges-Webb, Alice, additional, Reyes, Laura Silva, additional, Linder, Aline, additional, Sandhar, Gurjinder, additional, Kilby, Jonathan A., additional, Tyerman, Jessica K., additional, Altmann, Thomas, additional, Hornsby, Hailey, additional, Whitham, Rachel, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Hargreaves, Alexander, additional, Shields, Adrian, additional, Saei, Ayoub, additional, Foulkes, Sarah, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Johnson, Sile, additional, Wootton, Daniel G., additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Matthews, Philippa C., additional, Frater, John, additional, Deeks, Alexandra S., additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Brown, Anthony, additional, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Hopkins, Susan, additional, Hall, Victoria, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Duncan, Christopher J.A., additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Carroll, Miles, additional, Screaton, Gavin, additional, de Silva, Thushan I., additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Dunachie, Susanna, additional, Abuelgasim, Hibatullah, additional, Adland, Emily, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, Akther, Hossain Delowar, additional, Alhussni, Ahmed, additional, Ali, Mohammad, additional, Ansari, M. Azim, additional, Arancibia-Cárcamo, Carolina V., additional, Bayley, Martin, additional, Brown, Helen, additional, Chalk, Jeremy, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Chawla, Anu, additional, Chinnakannan, Senthil, additional, Cutteridge, Joseph, additional, de Lara, Catherine, additional, Denly, Lucy, additional, Diffey, Ben, additional, Dimitriadis, Stavros, additional, Drake, Thomas M., additional, Donnison, Timothy, additional, Dupont, Maeva, additional, Eyre, David, additional, Fairman, Alex, additional, Gardiner, Siobhan, additional, Gilbert-Jarmillo, Javier, additional, Goulder, Philip, additional, Hackstein, Carl-Philipp, additional, Hambleton, Sophie, additional, Haniffa, Muzlifah, additional, Haworth, Jenny, additional, Holmes, Jennifer, additional, Horner, Emily, additional, Jämsén, Anni, additional, Jones, Chris, additional, Kasanyinga, Mwila, additional, Kelly, Sinead, additional, Kirk, Rosemary, additional, Knight, Michael L., additional, Lawrie, Allan, additional, Lee, Lian, additional, Lett, Lauren, additional, Lillie, Katy, additional, Lim, Nicholas, additional, Mehta, Hema, additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, O’Donnell, Denise, additional, Ogbe, Ane, additional, Pace, Matthew, additional, Payne, Brendan A.I., additional, Platt, Gareth, additional, Poolan, Sonia, additional, Provine, Nicholas, additional, Ramamurthy, Narayan, additional, Robinson, Nichola, additional, Romaniuk, Leigh, additional, Rongkard, Patpong, additional, Sampson, Oliver L., additional, Simmons, Beatrice, additional, Spegarova, Jarmila S., additional, Stephenson, Emily, additional, Subramaniam, Kris, additional, Thaventhiran, James, additional, Thomas, Sarah, additional, Travis, Simon, additional, Tucker, Stephanie, additional, Turton, Helena, additional, Watson, Adam, additional, Watson, Lisa, additional, Weeks, Esme, additional, Wilson, Robert, additional, Wood, Steven, additional, Wright, Rachel, additional, Xiao, Huiyuan, additional, and Zawia, Amira A.T., additional

Published
2021
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21. UK multisite evaluation of the impact of clinical educators in EDs from a learner’s perspective

Author

Hemavathi, Muniswamy, Huynh, Chi, Phillips, Eloise, Aiello, Matthew, Kennedy, Brian, Clancy, Mike, Hamer, Wayne, Rutherford, Graham, Khan, Aanika, Terry, David, Hemavathi, Muniswamy, Huynh, Chi, Phillips, Eloise, Aiello, Matthew, Kennedy, Brian, Clancy, Mike, Hamer, Wayne, Rutherford, Graham, Khan, Aanika, and Terry, David

Abstract

Background: In England, demand for emergency care is increasing while there is also a staffing shortage. The Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) suggested that appointment of senior doctors as clinical educators (CEs) would enable support and development of learners in EDs and improve retention and well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CEs in ED on learners. Methods: CEs were placed in 54 NHS Acute Trust EDs for a pilot beginning July 2018 and ending October 2020. Learners from multiple disciplines working at 54 NHS Acute Trust EDs where CEs were deployed were invited to complete an online survey designed to identify the impact of CEs in July of 2019, as part of an interim service evaluation. Results: Respondents numbered 493 from 49 of 54 study sites, including 286 (58%) medical (non-consultant) and 72 (14.6%) all other nursing, allied health professionals. 9 out of 10 learners reported having experienced a change to their learning as a result of the deployment of CEs in their department. 49.9% (246/493) reported that CEs had a positive impact on their well-being. 95% (340/358) reported an improved accessibility to undertaking clinical based assessments. 78% (281/358) perceived that access to CEs increased likelihood of passing assessments. Of those responding, 80.9% (399/493) reported they would remain/return to the same ED with a CE, and 92.5% (456/493) responded that they would prefer to go to a Trust with a CE. Conclusions: According to survey respondents, deployment of CEs across NHS Trusts has resulted in improvement and increased accessibility of learning and assessment opportunities for learners within ED. The impact of CEs on well-being is uncertain with half reporting improvement and the remaining half unsure. Further evaluation within the project will continue to explore the service benefit and workforce impact of the CEED intervention.

Published
2021

22. Sustained T Cell Immunity, Protection and Boosting Using Extended Dosing Intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Author

Payne, Rebecca P., primary, Longet, Stephanie, additional, Austin, James A., additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Adele, Sandra, additional, Meardon, Naomi, additional, Faustini, Sian, additional, Al-Taei, Saly, additional, Moore, Shona, additional, Tipton, Tom, additional, Hering, Luisa M., additional, Angyal, Adrienn, additional, Brown, Rebecca, additional, Gillson, Natalie, additional, Dobson, Sue L., additional, Amini, Ali, additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Cross, Andrew, additional, Sandhar, Gurjinder, additional, Kilby, Jonathan A., additional, Tyerman, Jessica K., additional, Nicols, Alexander R., additional, Altmann, Thomas, additional, Hornsby, Hailey, additional, Whitham, Rachel, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Malone, Tom, additional, Hargreaves, Alexander, additional, Shields, Adrian, additional, Saei, Ayoub, additional, Foulkes, Sarah, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Johnson, Síle, additional, Wootton, Dan G., additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Matthews, Philippa, additional, Frater, John, additional, Deeks, Alexandra, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Pollard, Andrew, additional, Brown, Anthony, additional, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Hopkins, Susan, additional, Hall, Victoria Jane, additional, Duncan, Christopher J. A., additional, Richter, Alex G., additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, de Silva, Thushan I., additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Dunachie, Susanna, additional, and Consortium, The PITCH, additional

Published
2021
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23. 129 Interim evaluation of a clinical educators pilot study via a multi-stakeholder online survey

Author

Huynh, Chi, primary, Hemavathi, Muniswamy, additional, Aiello, Matthew, additional, Clancy, Mike, additional, Kennedy, Brian, additional, Knox, Jane, additional, Phillips, Eloise, additional, Terry, David, additional, Khan, Aanika, additional, Rutherford, Graham, additional, Symons, Helen, additional, Chauhan, Veena, additional, England, Health Education, additional, and Tam, Christina, additional

Published
2020
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24. Letters.

Author

RILEY, MORGAN T., MEWHINNEY JR., J. SAM, CARLISLE, OLIVE, CUSHMAN, RENEE S., TOMLINSON, WILLIAM W., SPRUNG, JEFF, MACENDREE, MICKY, EVERSON, GEORGE, GRASS, ROLAND, SHERWOOD, A. E., MCNEIL, W. J., ERGENBRIGHT, ERIC L., KOSSEFF, JERRY, HULLVERSON, RICHARD, PHILLIPS, ELOISE LANGE, CASTOR, WILLIAM N., JACOBSSON, PER, E.D., and BOYER, FRANKLIN

Subjects
PRESS, TRAVEL agents
Published
1959

25. Evolution of long-term vaccine induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID19 vaccine regimens: a longitudinal cohort study

Author

Moore, Shona C., Kronsteiner, Barbara, Longet, Stephanie, Adele, Sandra, Deeks, Alexandra S., Liu, Chang, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, Reyes, Laura Silva, Meardon, Naomi, Faustini, Sian, Al-Taei, Saly, Tipton, Tom, Hering, Luisa M., Angyal, Adrienn, Brown, Rebecca, Nicols, Alexander R., Dobson, Susan L., Supasa, Piyada, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, Cross, Andrew, Tyerman, Jessica K., Hornsby, Hailey, Grouneva, Irina, Plowright, Megan, Zhang, Peijun, Newman, Thomas A.H., Nell, Jeremy M., Abraham, Priyanka, Ali, Mohammad, Malone, Tom, Neale, Isabel, Phillips, Eloise, Wilson, Joseph D., Murray, Sam M., Zewdie, Martha, Shields, Adrian, Horner, Emily C., Booth, Lucy H., Stafford, Lizzie, Bibi, Sagida, Wootton, Daniel G., Mentzer, Alexander J., Conlon, Christopher P., Jeffery, Katie, Matthews, Philippa C., Pollard, Andrew J., Brown, Anthony, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Payne, Rebecca P., Dold, Christina, Lambe, Teresa, Thaventhiran, James E.D., Screaton, Gavin, Barnes, Eleanor, Hopkins, Susan, Hall, Victoria, Duncan, Christopher JA., Richter, Alex, Carroll, Miles, de Silva, Thushan I., Klenerman, Paul, Dunachie, Susanna, and Turtle, Lance

Abstract

Both infection and vaccination, alone or in combination, generate antibody and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. However, the maintenance of such responses – and hence protection from disease – requires careful characterisation. In a large prospective study of UK healthcare workers (Protective immunity from T cells in Healthcare workers (PITCH), within the larger SARS-CoV-2 immunity & reinfection evaluation (SIREN) study) we previously observed that prior infection impacted strongly on subsequent cellular and humoral immunity induced after long and short dosing intervals of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccination.

Published
2023
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26. Obituaries.

Author

Mangum, Wilma Jean and Phillips, Eloise Scholenbarger

Abstract

Obituaries for several people in Amarillo, Texas are presented including Wilma Jean Mangum, a caretaker of the Cowboy Church and the Arena of Life, Eloise Schollenbarger Phillips, a charter member of the Darrouzett Methodist Church and Marine Corps veteran Kenneth Norman Pierce.

Published
2008

27. Comparison of two T-cell assays to evaluate T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination in naïve and convalescent healthcare workers.

Author

Phillips E, Adele S, Malone T, Deeks A, Stafford L, Dobson SL, Amini A, Skelly D, Eyre D, Jeffery K, Conlon CP, Dold C, Otter A, D'Arcangelo S, Turtle L, Klenerman P, Barnes E, and Dunachie SJ

Subjects
Antibodies, Viral, Health Personnel, Humans, Peptides, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Vaccination, BNT162 Vaccine immunology, COVID-19 prevention & control, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 immunology, T-Lymphocytes immunology
Abstract

T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 following infection and vaccination are less characterized than antibody responses, due to a more complex experimental pathway. We measured T-cell responses in 108 healthcare workers (HCWs) using the commercialized Oxford Immunotec T-SPOT Discovery SARS-CoV-2 assay service (OI T-SPOT) and the PITCH ELISpot protocol established for academic research settings. Both assays detected T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike, membrane, and nucleocapsid proteins. Responses were significantly lower when reported by OI T-SPOT than by PITCH ELISpot. Four weeks after two doses of either Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AZD1222 vaccine, the responder rate was 63% for OI T-SPOT Panels 1 + 2 (peptides representing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein excluding regions present in seasonal coronaviruses), 69% for OI T-SPOT Panel 14 (peptides representing the entire SARS-CoV-2 spike), and 94% for the PITCH ELISpot total spike. The two OI T-SPOT panels correlated strongly with each other showing that either readout quantifies spike-specific T-cell responses, although the correlation between the OI T-SPOT panels and the PITCH ELISpot total spike was moderate. The standardization, relative scalability, and longer interval between blood acquisition and processing are advantages of the commercial OI T-SPOT assay. However, the OI T-SPOT assay measures T-cell responses at a significantly lower magnitude compared to the PITCH ELISpot assay, detecting T-cell responses in a lower proportion of vaccinees. This has implications for the reporting of low-level T-cell responses that may be observed in patient populations and for the assessment of T-cell durability after vaccination., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology.)

Published
2022
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