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1. PV integration in curved parts: mechanical limits and key parameters from a theoretical point of view

Author

Jean‐Baptiste Charpentier, Tatiana Duigou, Bertrand Chambion, Philippe Voarino, Fabien Chabuel, Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022
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2. Overview of electrical power models for concentrated photovoltaic systems

Author

Yannick Roujol, Gilles Notton, Fabien Chabuel, Mousaab Benhammane, Grégoire Pichenot, Philippe Voarino, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), and INES LITEN CEA

Subjects
Sunlight, business.industry, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Air mass (solar energy), Solar irradiance, 7. Clean energy, Wind speed, Power (physics), Atmosphere, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Electric power, Aerospace engineering, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Beam (structure)
Abstract

If the modelling of “conventional” PV modules behavior was well studied in the literature, the modelling of Concentrator PhotoVoltaic (CPV) systems is relatively unexplored. This modelling is more difficult because conversion process is more complicated and inputs more numerous: beam solar irradiance, ambient temperature and wind speed but also the spectral decomposition of the sun radiation depending on the atmosphere state and thickness. This paper presents an overview of electrical power models applied to a system installed at Ajaccio - Corsica. Results note that only DNI (Direct Normal Irradiance), Tair and AM (Air Mass) could be necessary to have a good evaluation of the power with a RMSE under 4.6 %.

Published
2020
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3. A space self-integrated micro-concentrator design: the SLIT

Author

Romain Couderc, Honorine Boirard, Philippe Voarino, Arnaud Ritou, Etienne Rapp, Caroline Seraine, Bernard Boulanger, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CEA/DRT/LITEN, Ondes et Imagerie (O&I), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Alenia Space [Cannes], Thales Alenia Space, Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Alenia Space [Toulouse] (TAS), THALES [France], and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Total internal reflection, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Space (mathematics), Concentrator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Slit, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, 0210 nano-technology, business, Volume concentration, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Concentrator photovoitaics technology can be a cost-effective solution for powering specific spatial missions. Compared to classical concentrators, micro-optical systems reduces the weight, the need in materials and the cost of solar arrays while increasing the efficiency [1]. This work describes a new concept especially dedicated to space application: a linear Total Internal Reflection (TIR) module, operating at a low concentration (7.6 X), and called SLIT (Space Linear TIR) module. Requiring no deployment system for optics, extremely angular independent, the efficiency of the first prototype is around 18% and preliminary thermal tests enhance a stable behavior for optics.

Published
2019
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4. Characterization of solar array's cells to substrate bonding interface

Author

Romain Couderc, Philippe Voarino, Bernard Boulanger, Yannick Roujol, Frederic Bourcier, Honorine Boirard, Etienne Rapp, Romain Cariou, Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, Thales Alenia Space [Cannes], Thales Alenia Space, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, Thales Alenia Space [Toulouse] (TAS), THALES [France], and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, integumentary system, business.industry, Interface (computing), Photovoltaic system, food and beverages, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (printing), Electroluminescence, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, Trapped air, Characterization (materials science), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], biological sciences, Optoelectronics, Transient (oscillation), 0210 nano-technology, business, Transient electroluminescence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Standard space solar arrays consist of solar cells protected by coverglass, glued individually on rigid substrate. The solar cells / substrate bonding interface quality is crucial since trapped air bubbles at this interface can cause strong cell damages once under vacuum. In this study, we show that transient electroluminescence can be used as a fast and nondestructive characterization tool to map the solar cells rear-side gluing interface defects.

Published
2019
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5. First space concentrator prototype using III-V/Si cells

Author

Olivier Raccurt, Christophe Jany, Philippe Voarino, Anderson Bermudez-Garcia, Karim Medjoubi, Romain Cariou, Laura Vauche, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, Nexcis, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), ARC-Nucleart CEA Grenoble (NUCLEART), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES-ALCATEL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Space (mathematics), Concentrator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Lens (optics), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Electric power system, chemistry, Photovoltaics, law, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Nonimaging optics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Concentrating PhotoVoltaics (CPV) can increase the efficiency of power systems in space while reducing their cost. This paper presents the first concentrator prototype using III-V/Si cells for space applications. This new approach will significantly reduce cost by concentrating sunlight then decreasing cell material, and in particular using III-V/Si triple-junction (3J) cells will allow the usage of Silicon, which is an abundant, twice less dense and low-cost material than the typically used Germanium. The efficiency of III-V/Si solar cells used is 25.7% @AM0. In our refractive module design, Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC), twelve 1.5x13mm2 cells are embedded in a Dow Corning® 93-500 silicone optics that provides an ∼8x concentration factor with an optical efficiency of 68%. Additionally, this linear-focus lens enables the use of single-axis sun tracking.

Published
2019
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6. Advanced Lightweight Flexible Array with Mechanical Architecture

Author

Gunther Bissels, Sebastien Noel, Elias Vlieg, David Lackner, Oumaima Mhibik, Dominique Vergnet, Yannick Roujol, Victor Khorenko, Romain Cariou, Philippe Voarino, Claus G. Zimmermann, and Jan-Peter Kurvers

Subjects
Spacecraft, Computer science, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, Volume (computing), Context (language use), Power (physics), Power demand, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, European commission, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Aerospace engineering, Architecture, business
Abstract

Nowadays spacecraft missions need more and more power supply so larger solar arrays. However, the restricted volume between the fairing and the spacecraft sidewall limits the number and the dimension of rigid solar panels during launch. Therefore, the answer for this growing power demand lies neither in stacking more of the rigid solar arrays, nor by marginal efficiency improvements on III-V multi-junction solar cells, but rather in innovative/disruptive photovoltaic solutions. More solar cells per unit of volume are needed, and flexible solar arrays are the only answer for this high-power challenge. In this context, ALFAMA project, funded by the European commission, aims at developing a disruptive flexible space solar array technology.

Published
2019
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7. Characterization of dual‐junction III‐V on Si tandem solar cells with 23.7% efficiency under low concentration

Author

Claire Besancon, Laura Vauche, Alejandro Datas, Pablo Garcia-Linares, Philippe Voarino, Cecilia Dupre, Elias Veinberg-Vidal, Jean Decobert, Karim Medjoubi, Anne Kaminski-Cachopo, Clément Weick, Pierre Mur, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and THALES [France]-ALCATEL

Subjects
Materials science, Wafer bonding, Energía Eléctrica, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Solar cell, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Optical filter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Common emitter, Tandem, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Heterojunction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Suns in alchemy, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Energías Renovables, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Electrónica, Solar simulator, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Monolithic two‐terminal III‐V on Si dual‐junction solar cells, designed for low concentration applications, were fabricated by means of surface‐activated direct wafer bonding. The III‐V top cell is a heterojunction formed by an n‐Ga₀.₅In₀.₅P emitter and a p‐Al₀.₂Ga₀.₈As base. An efficiency of 21.1 ± 1.5% at one sun and 23.7 ± 1.7% at 10 suns is demonstrated, which to our knowledge is the best dual‐junction two‐terminal III‐V on Si tandem cell efficiency reported to date under verified reference conditions. The I‐V characterization of these 1‐cm² tandem cells under concentration required the development of a new method using a single‐source multiflash solar simulator and not perfectly matched component cells, also known as pseudo‐isotypes, formed by Si single‐junction cells and optical filters. In addition, the spectrum of the pulsed solar simulator was measured using a high‐speed CMOS spectrometer, allowing the calculation of the spectral mismatch correction factor. Merging these two techniques results in the hybrid corrected pseudo‐isotype (HCPI) characterization method, which shows a fast and accurate performance with a simplified procedure based on a single‐source solar simulator. Pseudo‐isotypes are easily adaptable to new cell designs by simply using a different filter, hence allowing the characterization of new multijunction solar cell architectures.

Published
2019
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8. Microconcentration for space applications: A 7.6X TIR design

Author

Romain Couderc, Philippe Voarino, Arnaud Ritou, Caroline Seraine, Marlène Roux, Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Total internal reflection, Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, 020209 energy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Space (mathematics), 7. Clean energy, Flat spot, Lower temperature, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], chemistry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Concentrated photovoltaics, Irradiation, 0210 nano-technology, business, Volume concentration, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In Low Irradiation and Low Temperature (LILT) environments, the performances of silicon and III-V multi-junction solar cells is degraded because of the conjugated decreases of Jsc and Voc under low irradiation although with lower temperature their Voc increases [1, 2]. Effect of shunt resistance added to the “flat spot effect” can create a drop in their fill factor, following the quality of the materials and the process of the front metallization [3]. Concentrator photovoltaics technology could be suitable for powering spatial missions in LILT environments [4, 5]. Moreover, compared to classical concentrators, micro-concentrators increase electrical performances while decreasing costs [6]. This work describes a new concept especially dedicated to space application: a linear Total Internal Reflection (TIR) module running at a low concentration of 7.6X called SLIT (Space Linear TIR) module.

Published
2019
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9. Toward a simple and accurate spectral balance monitoring of solar simulators for multijunction solar cells

Author

Romain Couderc, Philippe Voarino, Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Balance (metaphysics), business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Multijunction photovoltaic cell, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Simple (abstract algebra), 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Aerospace engineering, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019
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10. Environments, needs and opportunities for future space photovoltaic power generation: A review

Author

Olivier Raccurt, Philippe Voarino, and Anderson Bermudez-Garcia

Subjects
Martian, Solar System, Spacecraft, Gas giant, business.industry, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, NASA Deep Space Network, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Solar irradiance, General Energy, 020401 chemical engineering, Physics::Space Physics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Geostationary orbit, Environmental science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0204 chemical engineering, Aerospace engineering, business
Abstract

This paper aims to assess the potential and requirements of photovoltaic arrays to provide energy for more than 30 mission types to explore 14 celestial bodies in our solar system. The environment that exists at the Earth’s orbits, on the Martian and Lunar dusty surfaces, at the hottest Venus and Mercury, or among the distant Gas Giants, differs radically from one celestial object to another. In consequence, solar-powered spacecraft present many challenges and not all existing photovoltaic technologies have yet been optimized for such a wide variety of conditions. We address these challenges by reviewing the specific constrains of these worlds: solar irradiance levels, mission lifetimes, extreme temperatures and thermal cycling, as well as several specific characteristics such as radiation, chemical compounds, gravity, pressure, and dust. The suitability of photovoltaic arrays during past missions is examined by evaluating their behavior during their lifetime. A focus is made to study the feasibility of concentrator photovoltaics, which demonstrated record performances, reaching a cell efficiency of 47.1%. These systems do not seem to be adapted to missions with environments: highly scattered, with temperatures higher than 523 K and solar irradiances exceeding 3000 W/m2. However, some viable missions such as geostationary Earth orbit, deep space or moon bases can be successfully powered by concentrators. Key issues are addressed to enable the choice of materials and cell technology adapted to these specific missions. This paper presents a comprehensive review that can help spacecraft designers to use photovoltaic arrays to provide energy for space applications.

Published
2021
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11. Overview of electrical power models for concentrated photovoltaic systems and development of a new operational model with easily accessible inputs

Author

Gilles Notton, Philippe Voarino, Grégoire Pichenot, Mousaab Benhammane, David Ouvrard, Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie et Biomasse, UMR-CNRS 6134, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Thèse codirection avec INES LITEN CEA, and Notton, Gilles

Subjects
Sunlight, Mean squared error, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 020209 energy, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 02 engineering and technology, Air mass (solar energy), Solar irradiance, 7. Clean energy, Sizing, Power (physics), Solar tracker, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Electric power, Process engineering, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience; The utilization of multi-junction solar cells with high efficiency is still not widespread for terrestrial power applications. These solar cells, composed by several material layers, reach high efficiencies but its cost is expensive, more of 100 higher than classical silicon solar cells. Thus, one solution consists to use reduced sizing solar cells associated with optics mounted on solar tracker to concentrate the solar beam. Numerous meteoro-logical parameters such as beam solar irradiance, ambient temperature and air mass and especially spectral characteristics of sun radiation are involved in the conversion process and are generally used as inputs in power models. Several models from literature, different by their form and by the number and type of input variables, are presented; based on this state-of-art, some similar models are selected and tested on two experimental CPV systems located on two different sites, Ajaccio and Le Bourget du Lac. Then, an operational model of electrical power using inputs easily measured and available for a solar CPV plant operator is developed. It could be used as a decision-aided tool for investors in providing an estimation of the energy production capacity of the CPV systems on the future implantation site. This established model based on data measured on the CPV system in Ajaccio estimates the produced power with a root mean square error of about 5% on the two sites using only a reduced number of inputs.

Published
2021
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12. Does micro-scaling of CPV modules improve efficiency? A cell-to-module performance analysis

Author

Arnaud Ritou, Olivier Raccurt, Philippe Voarino, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ARC-Nucleart CEA Grenoble (NUCLEART), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Absorption (acoustics), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Computer science, 020209 energy, Size reduction, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, Concentrator, Surface shape, 7. Clean energy, Automotive engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, General Materials Science, Concentrator photovoltaic, Scaling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The actual trend of Concentrator PhotoVoltaic (CPV) development is going into micro-scaled CPV modules (micro-CPV) to optimize the balance between cost and efficiency. The compactness and high efficiency of modules constitute distinct advantages for solar farms or residential applications but the module efficiency can still be improved. While the cell efficiency is higher than 40%, the module efficiency is still below 35%. Based on a complete analysis of the Cell-To-Module (CTM) loss chain in micro-CPV, this article aims to question if the micro-scaling of CPV modules tends to improve their efficiency. Optical, mechanical and electrical losses are identified and analyzed according to data reported in the literature. It appears that the same loss mechanisms are identified in CPV and micro-CPV CTM but their impact order differs on a few points. The surface reflections and bulk absorption are the most important losses in both cases. Then, the surface shape quality which is quantified by either roughness or slope errors varies a lot as function of the manufacturing processes and module technology. These two losses have to be determined specifically for each concentrator. With the size reduction of modules, the losses due to mechanical misalignment become non-negligible, pushing a micro-CPV assembly into tighter mechanical tolerances. In contrast, the non-uniform light profile which is not yet well known for micro-CPV, seems to be a less impacting loss mechanism. The CTM ratio, which sums every loss mechanisms, goes from 71% to 86% for micro-CPV modules while stays between 65% and 75% for CPV modules. Finally, with an improvement of manufacturing accuracy by the implementation of micro-electronics assembly processes, the micro-scaling of CPV modules could increase the CTM efficiency without added manufacturing costs.

Published
2018
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13. Evaluation of III-V/Si Multi-Junction Solar Cells Potential for Space

Author

Seonyong Park, Mathieu Baudrit, Bruno Boizot, Philippe Voarino, Karim Medjoubi, Jérémie Lefèvre, Elias Veinberg-Vidal, Pierre Mur, Laura Vauche, Romain Cariou, Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Field (physics), business.industry, Photovoltaic system, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], chemistry, law, Solar cell, Electron beam processing, Optoelectronics, Wafer, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Hybrid III-V/Si multi-junction solar cells, which combine efficient III-V top cells with a silicon bottom cell, the most wide-spread photovoltaic material, offer great opportunities. Recent advances in this field have shown that mechanically stacked or wafer bonded III-V/Si can reach similar AM1.5g efficiencies than the standard GaInP/GaAs/Ge space triplejunction solar cells. In this study, we review the potential of this new hybrid III-V/Si cell technology for space applications. The first experimental results of wafer bonded 2-terminal GaInP/GaAs/Si solar cell electron irradiation will be presented. The BOL and EOL (1 MeV electrons) performances will be characterized under AM0 spectrum, and the radiation tolerance will be compared with single-junction silicon and standard Ge based triple-junction.

Published
2018
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14. Technical specification IEC TS 62989:2018 – Primary optics for concentrator photovoltaic systems

Author

Sam Carter, César Domínguez, Hideto Kasai, Philippe Voarino, Jaione Bengoechea, David C. Miller, Ralf Leutz, Thorsten Hornung, Thomas Arndt, Rebeca Herrero, Peter Nitz, Marta Victoria, Steve Askins, René Kogler, Steve Scott, Evonik Industries AG [Darmstadt], Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Centro Nacional de Energías Renovables - Fundación CENER-CIEMAT (CENER), RayGen Resources Pty Ltd [Blackburn], Departamento de Matematicas y Computacion (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science), Universidad de La Rioja (UR), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Kuraray [Tokyo], leopil – Leutz Optics and Illumination UG [Munich], Proof search and reasoning with logic specifications (PARSIFAL), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Orafol Americas, Inc [Avon], Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Measure (data warehouse), business.industry, Computer science, Energía Eléctrica, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Química, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Visual appearance, Encircled energy, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Documentation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Key (cryptography), Round robin test, Concentrator photovoltaic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Product identification
Abstract

The first edition of the Technical Specification (TS) on Primary Optics for Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems, IEC TS 62989:2018, has been published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), on March 8th, 2018. TS 62989 covers aspects related to the primary optics including: product identification, optical characteristics, mechanical characteristics, materials, (design) geometry, and visual appearance. This paper focuses on the key aspects of the norm, including optical performance, in order to promote the awareness and use of the standard. We describe the three methods intended to measure the key optical characteristics of the primary elements, i.e. focal spot size and optical efficiency, by using the encircled energy. The three methods are using different light sources, optical components and receiver sensors, but yielded very similar results in a round robin test. This justifies the continued use of all three methods. The use of a website (opticstests.pbworks.com) for documentation of discussions and references was novel to the standard development. The website proved to be useful for the introduction of new members of the group. The website helped to keep track of changes to the document as well as the required actions of the project team.The first edition of the Technical Specification (TS) on Primary Optics for Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems, IEC TS 62989:2018, has been published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), on March 8th, 2018. TS 62989 covers aspects related to the primary optics including: product identification, optical characteristics, mechanical characteristics, materials, (design) geometry, and visual appearance. This paper focuses on the key aspects of the norm, including optical performance, in order to promote the awareness and use of the standard. We describe the three methods intended to measure the key optical characteristics of the primary elements, i.e. focal spot size and optical efficiency, by using the encircled energy. The three methods are using different light sources, optical components and receiver sensors, but yielded very similar results in a round robin test. This justifies the continued use of all three methods. The use of a website (opticstests.pbworks.com) for documentation ...

Published
2018
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15. Output power simulation for CPV receivers based on experimental spectral matching ratio modelling

Author

Mousaab Benhammane, Gilles NOTTON, Grégoire Pichenot, Philippe Voarino, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Département Imagerie et Simulation pour le Contrôle (DISC), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

16. Influence of optics temperature on 3J solar cells efficiency in an off axis mirror system with secondary optics

Author

Loris Todesco, Paolo Vagliasindi, Mathieu Baudrit, Romain Couderc, Arnaud Ritou, Rolando Parmesani, Philippe Voarino, Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Ondes et Imagerie (O&I), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Solar cell efficiency, Optics, law, Thermal, Solar cell, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The investigated system is a combination of a Primary Optical Element (POE) consisting of an off-axis mirror and a receiver made of a Secondary Optical Element (SOE) on top of a Multi Junction Solar Cell (MJSC). This article investigates the mitigation of misalignment losses thanks to the SOE and the impact of POE temperature on misalignment and system efficiency. The optical and electrical efficiencies of two receivers with different SOEs are measured as a function of the POE temperature. The thermal behavior of the POE and the impact on the electrical efficiencies of the MJSC are estimated independently.

Published
2018
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18. Wafer bonding approaches for III-V on Si multi-junction solar cells

Author

V. Larrey, Laura Vauche, Celine Brughera, Thibaut Desrues, Elias Veinberg-Vidal, Christophe Lecouvey, Clément Weick, Christophe Morales, Jeremy Da Fonseca, Philippe Voarino, Frank Fournel, Christophe Jany, Mickael Martin, Thierry Salvetat, Cecilia Dupre, and Mathieu Baudrit

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, Wafer bonding, business.industry, Triple junction, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Epitaxy, Erbium, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Layer (electronics), Voltage
Abstract

In this study, fabrication of monolithic triple junction (3J) GaInP/AlGaAs/Si solar cells is reported by different wafer bonding approaches: (i) the most straightforward, direct GaAs/Si wafer bonding; (ii) an innovative 2-step approach combining epitaxy of GaAs bonding layer on Si cell followed by GaAs/GaAs direct wafer bonding; and (iii) Surface-Activated GaAs/Si wafer Bonding (SAB). Bonding interfaces properties are comparatively studied, and the performance of resulting III-V on Si triple junction devices is examined. Open-circuit voltages close to 2.9V are obtained in all cases, but large differences in fill factors between the bonding methods are observed, probably due to the presence of an oxide layer.

Published
2017
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19. Optical modelling based on angle and temperature dependent EQE measurements on III-V multi-junction solar cells

Author

Anthony Barbot, Franco Trespidi, Ioannis Tsanakas, Philippe Voarino, Mathieu Baudrit, G. Timò, Sarah Bernardis, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINACOM (XLIM-MINACOM), XLIM (XLIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Chemistry, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Multijunction photovoltaic cell, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, Orientation (geometry), Solar cell, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Incident beam, Perpendicular, Quantum efficiency, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In this study we evaluate the importance of using angle- and temperature-dependent external quantum efficiency measurements, EQE(α, T), of a III-V triple-junction solar cell as input in optical simulations of a high concentration (847 X) receiver. The receiver is designed to broaden angular acceptance up to 70° to the normal. To understand better the impact of the overall configuration, finger orientation is also taken into account; fingers are positioned parallel or perpendicular to the incident beam during EQE(α, T) measurements. Angle- and temperature-dependence of JSC and VOC are calculated from the experimental data. Calculated Jsc values show a decrease of roughly 7% at 80°C.

Published
2017
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20. A Tool to Characterize the Electrical Influence of the Thermal and Mechanical Behaviors of Materials of Optics for CPV applications

Author

Olivier Raccurt, Pierre Besson, Mathieu Baudrit, Philippe Voarino, Arnaud Ritou, Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Chile Research, European Project: 640873,H2020,H2020-LCE-2014-1,CPVMatch(2015), and Publica

Subjects
Test bench, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Fabrication, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, Photovoltaics, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Electrical performance, General Materials Science, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Process (computing), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Lens (optics), Mechanics of Materials, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV) field aims to integrate expensive high efficiency multi-junction cells into modules with low cost concentrating optics. The choice of the optics depends on different factors: easiness of fabrication and integration process, added costs, optical efficiency and the profile of the spot uniformity reaching the cell. Indeed, previous work has shown a dependence between electrical performance and spectral and spatial uniformities of the light on the cell. To analyze it, a solar CPV test bench is developed at CEA-INES facilities. Lens and cell temperature can be applied separately, in order to evaluate independently different test conditions, while electrical or optical parameters are recorded. The present work shows how temperature and mechanical variations on first stage concentrating optic affects module performances. Several optics and materials are compared, in order to present the tool capabilities

Published
2017
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21. Wafer-Bonded AlGaAs//Si Dual-Junction Solar Cells

Author

Elias Veinberg-Vidal, Jeremy Da Fonseca, Christophe Jany, Christophe Lecouvey, Alejandro Datas, Mathieu Baudrit, Frank Fournel, Christophe Morales, Cecilia Dupre, Pierre Mur, Philippe Voarino, Thibaut Desrues, Clément Weick, Pablo Garcia-Linares, Laura Vauche, Anne Kaminski-Cachopo, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (IES-UPM)

Subjects
Materials science, Wafer bonding, multijunction, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Gallium arsenide, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, 0103 physical sciences, Solar cell, Wafer, Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010302 applied physics, photovoltaic solar cells, business.industry, Energy conversion efficiency, III-V on silicon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Amorphous solid, surface-activated direct wafer bonding, chemistry, Energías Renovables, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, Electrónica, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

session poster (I43); International audience; Monolithic two-terminal III-V on Si dual-junction (2J) solar cells were fabricated by means of Surface-Activated direct wafer Bonding (SAB). Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 As single-junction cells are grown on GaAs substrate by Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) and bonded at room temperature to independently fabricated Si solar cells. The n+-GaAs//n+-Si bonding interface is characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealing a 2-3 nm thick amorphous interlayer. The performance of the 1 cm 2 tandem cells, designed for low concentration applications, was studied by External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) and J-V measurements showing a power conversion efficiency of 17% under one-sun AM1.5G spectrum. To our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency ever reported for a wafer-bonded 2J III-V on Si solar cell. Limitations to performance have been identified and therefore higher efficiencies are expected.

Published
2017
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22. Developing a highly integrated receiverless low concentration module with III-V multijunction cells

Author

Mathieu Baudrit, Clément Weick, Philippe Voarino, Pablo Garcia-Linares, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Engineering, Fabrication, business.industry, Parabolic reflector, Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Concentrator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Reliability (semiconductor), law, 0103 physical sciences, Lamination, Thermal, Electronic engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Volume concentration, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules are composed of many components and interfaces and require complex fabrication processes, which in turn may cause lack of reliability. The presented work tackles these considerations, proposing an innovative highly integrated low concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) concept. The purpose is to develop a module with a high level of integration by lowering the number of components and interfaces. At first, the linear parabolic mirror, used as concentrator optics, can be considered as multifunctional, combining thermal, structural and optical functionalities. On this basis, the proposed CPV prototype design features a receiverless configuration, where the cells are directly arranged on the rear side of each mirror. Moreover, such implementation claims to demonstrate the applicability of reliable flat PV fabrication processes (such as lamination and cell interconnection) for the manufacturing of this LCPV module. Geometrical considerations, together with thermal and optical...

Published
2016
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23. Characterization of the influence of temperature on achromatic mirrors by means of METHOD

Author

Clément Weick, Arnaud Ritou, Pablo Garcia-Linares, Pierre Besson, Philippe Voarino, Mathieu Baudrit, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Project: 640873,H2020,H2020-LCE-2014-1,CPVMatch(2015)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Optics, Achromatic lens, law, Homogeneity (physics), Thermal, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Chromatic scale, White box, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; We evaluate mirror-based and achromatic optics at different working temperatures and cell-to-primary optical element (POE) distances. The magnitude and the effect of chromatic aberration and non-uniform flux profiles are assessed under controlled testing conditions. Our characterization tool is called METHOD [1]: it is capable of measuring multi-spectral irradiance profiles of concentrator photovoltaic optical systems along with the corresponding current (I)-voltage (V) characteristics produced on a concentrator solar cell receiver. In this study, METHOD is adapted to evaluate a mirror from the APOLLON Project [2], characterized in the framework of the European CPVMatch project.

Published
2016
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24. Micro-concentrator with a self-assembly process

Author

Sarah Bernardis, César Domínguez, Thierry Hilt, Mathieu Baudrit, Abdenacer Aitmani, Philippe Voarino, Arnaud Ritou, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Matematicas y Computacion (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science), Universidad de La Rioja (UR), Ondes et Imagerie (O&I), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engineering, Engineering drawing, business.industry, 020209 energy, Optical engineering, Process (computing), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Concentrator, Suns in alchemy, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, Solar cell, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Focal length, Self-assembly, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

Existing CPV Technology Markets are not compliant with a standard configuration [1]. Concentrations vary from several suns to more than 1000 suns and the optical technology used could be very different. Nowadays, the market trends are moving toward more and more compact optical systems [2] in order to exploit the Light Emitting Diodes like approach [3]. The aim is to increase the optical efficiency by using an ultra-short focal distance and to have a better thermal management. Moreover the ratio between the efficiency and the weight is increasing and the solar cell size becomes sub-millimetric. Then, more severe mechanical tolerances are essential to keep an optimum optical alignment between the cells and the optics. A new process of micro-concentrator manufacturing is patented [4] and developed at CEA CPV laboratory. This process enables manufacturing and auto-aligning of Primary Optical Elements with Secondary Optical Elements and solar cells. A 275 suns micro-concentrator is manufactured with 0.819 mm2...

Published
2016
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25. Spectrally-resolved measurement of concentrated light distributions for Fresnel lens concentrators

Author

Pablo Garcia-Linares, Pierre Besson, Henry Schriemer, P. McVey White, Mathieu Baudrit, Karin Hinzer, Mustapha Lemiti, Philippe Voarino, César Domínguez, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), INL - Photovoltaïque (INL - PV), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, Solar energy, Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology, Photovoltaic, Concentrators, 0103 physical sciences, Chromatic aberration, medicine, Focal length, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Fresnel lens, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral imaging, Lens (optics), Spectral sensitivity, Energías Renovables, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Acceptance angle, Electrónica, 0210 nano-technology, business, Electrical efficiency
Abstract

A test method that measures spectrally resolved irradiance distribution for a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) optical system is presented. In conjunction with electricalI-Vcurves, it is a means to visualize and characterize the effects of chromatic aberration and nonuniform flux profiles under controllable testing conditions. The indoor characterization test bench, METHOD (Measurement of Electrical, Thermal and Optical Devices), decouples the temperatures of the primary optical element (POE) and the cell allowing their respective effects on optical and electrical performance to be analysed. In varying the temperature of the POE, the effects on electrical efficiency, focal distance, spectral sensitivity, acceptance angle and multi-junction current matching profiles can be quantified. This work presents the calibration procedures to accurately image the spectral irradiance distribution of a CPV system and a study of system behavior over lens temperature.

Published
2016
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26. Toward a consolidation of the CPV-specific-test procedures for inverters

Author

Mathieu Baudrit, César Domínguez, Anthony Bier, Yannick Roujol, Philippe Voarino, Christophe Mangeant, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Matematicas y Computacion (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science), Universidad de La Rioja (UR), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Engineering, Consolidation (soil), Maximum power principle, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, AC power, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Automotive engineering, Maximum power point tracking, Power (physics), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Variable (computer science), Energías Renovables, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Inverter, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The inverter in a photovoltaic system assures two essential functions. The first is to track the maximum power point of the system IV curve throughout variable environmental conditions. The second is to convert DC power delivered by the PV panels into AC power. Nowadays, in order to qualify inverters, manufacturers and certifying organisms use mainly European and/or CEC efficiency standards. The question arises if these are still representative of CPV system behaviour. We propose to use a set of CPV – specific weighted average and a representative dynamic response to have a better determination of the static and dynamic MPPT efficiencies. Four string-sized commercial inverters used in real CPV plants have been tested.

Published
2015
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27. 'METHOD': A tool for mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical characterization of single lens module design

Author

Mustapha Lemiti, Pablo Garcia-Linares, César Domínguez, Clément Weick, Pierre Besson, Philippe Voarino, Mathieu Baudrit, Euromov (EuroMov), Université de Montpellier (UM), Departamento de Matematicas y Computacion (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science), Universidad de La Rioja (UR), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INL - Dispositifs Electroniques (INL - DE), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lemiti, Mustapha, INL - Photovoltaïque (INL - PV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE), Nutrition, croissance et cancer (U 1069) (N2C), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon

Subjects
Engineering, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Energía Eléctrica, 02 engineering and technology, Concentrator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Focal length, Optica, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Fresnel lens, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, eye diseases, Characterization (materials science), Lens (optics), Spectral sensitivity, Energías Renovables, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Electrical efficiency
Abstract

The optical characterization and electrical performance evaluation are essential in the design and optimization of a concentrator photovoltaic system. The geometry, materials, and size of concentrator optics are diverse and different environmental conditions impact their performance. CEA has developed a new concentrator photovoltaic system characterization bench, METHOD, which enables multi-physics optimization studies. The lens and cell temperatures are controlled independently with the METHOD to study their isolated effects on the electrical and optical performance of the system. These influences can be studied in terms of their effect on optical efficiency, focal distance, spectral sensitivity, electrical efficiency, or cell current matching. Furthermore, the irradiance map of a concentrator optic can be mapped to study its variations versus the focal length or the lens temperature. The present work shows this application to analyze the performance of a Fresnel lens linking temperature to optical and electrical performance.

Published
2015
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28. Reduction of front-metallization grid shading in concentrator cells through laser micro-grooved cover glass

Author

Mathieu Baudrit, Philippe Voarino, Pascal Fugier, Olivier Dellea, César Domínguez, Pierre Besson, Pablo Garcia-Linares, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Matematicas y Computacion (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science), Universidad de La Rioja (UR), Nutrition, croissance et cancer (U 1069) (N2C), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Photovoltaic effect, Concentrator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Solar cell, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Equivalent series resistance, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Solar energy, Energías Renovables, Electrode, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Concentrator solar cell front-grid metallizations are designed so that the trade-off between series resistance and shading factor (SF) is optimized for a particular irradiance. High concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) typically requires a metallic electrode pattern that covers up to 10% of the cell surface. The shading effect produced by this front electrode results in a significant reduction in short-circuit current (I SC) and hence, in a significant efficiency loss. In this work we present a cover glass (originally meant to protect the cell surface) that is laser-grooved with a micrometric pattern that redirects the incident solar light towards interfinger regions and away from the metallic electrodes, where they would be wasted in terms of photovoltaic generation. Quantum efficiency (QE) and current (I)-voltage (V) characterization under concentration validate the proof-of-concept, showing great potential for CPV applications

Published
2015
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29. Spectral network based on component cells under the SOPHIA European project

Author

César Domínguez, Marc Steiner, Gabriel Sala, Rafaelle Fucci, Rubén Núñez, F. Roca, Ignacio Antón, Philippe Voarino, Gerald Siefer, Steve Askins, Paolo Morabito, Alessandro Minuto, emlyon business school (EM), Departamento de Matematicas y Computacion (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science), Universidad de La Rioja (UR), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), emlyon business school, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy System, and FREIBURG

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Telecomunicaciones, Engineering, business.industry, Frame (networking), Real-time computing, Electrical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Photovoltaic power plants, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Power rating, Component (UML), 0103 physical sciences, Electrónica, 0210 nano-technology, business, Pyrheliometer, Spectral data, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In the frame of the European project SOPHIA, a spectral network based on component (also called isotypes) cells has been created. Among the members of this project, several spectral sensors based on component cells and collimating tubes, so-called spectroheliometers, were installed in the last years, allowing the collection of minute-resolution spectral data useful for CPV systems characterization across Europe. The use of spectroheliometers has been proved useful to establish the necessary spectral conditions to perform power rating of CPV modules and systems. If enough data in a given period of time is collected, ideally a year, it is possible to characterize spectrally the place where measurements are taken, in the same way that hours of annual irradiation can be estimated using a pyrheliometer.

Published
2015
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30. Angular tolerance and daily performance variability of the Suncycle tracking-integrated CPV system

Author

Philippe Voarino, César Domínguez, Roy Bijl, Peter Penning, Departamento de Matematicas y Computacion (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science), and Universidad de La Rioja (UR)

Subjects
Physics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Chassis, Optics, Transmission (telecommunications), business.industry, Irradiance, Prism, Tracking (particle physics), business, Rotation, Concentration ratio, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The SunCycle CPV system [1] uses two rotating optical stages in order to avoid the need of external sun-tracking while producing a geometrical concentration ratio of 870X. In the European FP7 project CPV4ALL dedicated to demonstrate commercially this system, CEA has developed a complete ray-tracing modeling and has carried out module indoor measurements. The system optical performance was simulated through a spring equinox in Marseille (France). The angular transmission is estimated and evaluated at 0.9°. Furthermore, angular tolerance to chassis misalignments and mirror and prism rotation angles are investigated. The Peak to Average Ratio of the irradiance map of the top and middle sub-cells is estimated for the photogenerated current, which is a value acceptable for such CPV system.

Published
2015
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31. Effect of the encapsulant temperature on the angular and spectral response of multi-junction solar cells

Author

César Domínguez, Mathieu Baudrit, Pablo Garcia-Linares, Pierre Besson, Philippe Voarino, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition, croissance et cancer (U 1069) (N2C), and Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, business.industry, Concentrator, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Anti-reflective coating, Silicone, Optics, Tilt (optics), chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, business, Refractive index, Optical path length, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Multi-junction solar cells (MJSC) operating at working conditions under concentration are subjected to temperatures (T) for which the optical coupling provided by their anti-reflective coatings (ARC) has not been optimized. High temperatures and wide ray angles produced by the concentrator on the optical interface of the cell can significantly modify the ARC performance. This effect is especially pronounced for ARCs adapted to silicone encapsulant because the silicone refractive index (n) is significantly sensitive to temperature, modifying the optimal design thickness and material composition. This effect is magnified for tilted rays whose optical path length through the ARC layer is most modified. In this work, an absolute external quantum efficiency (EQE) characterization system is adapted to perform angular and temperature spectral response analysis, allowing to quantify the impact of the optical mismatch caused by the increase of encapsulant temperature for each of their junctions. The intricacies of this upgraded characterization technique are explored, providing insight on important unexpected measurement variables such as finger orientation with respect to the incident ray bundle. A significant spectral mismatch between junctions due to the change in silicone temperature has been observed, leading to short-circuit current (I SC ) losses as high as 6% with respect to the design conditions (T=25°C) for rays impinging the cell with tilt angles of 70° and more realistic operation temperatures of 65°C. The losses arise from current mismatch between subcells produced by variations in the optical coupling. Lessons from this analysis may be taken into account by future CPV system designers.

Published
2014
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32. Optical performance analysis of a novel tracking-integrated concentrator through ray tracing

Author

Roy Bijl, César Domínguez, Peter Penning, Philippe Voarino, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Matematicas y Computacion (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science), Universidad de La Rioja (UR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Optical efficiency, Engineering, business.industry, 020209 energy, Irradiance, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Concentrator, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Angular distribution, Optics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Concentration factor, Ray tracing (graphics), 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This paper presents an optical performance analysis of a novel concentrator with integrated tracking developed by Suncycle. This system uses 2 optical stages that rotate independently to track the sun with a geometrical concentration factor of 870X. A Fresnel prism and a concentrator mirror associated to a refractive secondary optics enable to define a 25% efficiency target. This analysis is carried out using ray tracing Monte-Carlo simulations, providing irradiance and angular distribution maps as well as optical efficiency estimations for each optical stage. This study allows evaluating and defining specifications for each of the optical components of this novel tracking-integrated concentrator.

Published
2014
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33. Advances on multijunction solar cell characterization aimed at the optimization of real concentrator performance

Author

Mathieu Baudrit, Pierre Besson, Philippe Voarino, Pablo Garcia-Linares, César Domínguez, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Matematicas y Computacion (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science), Universidad de La Rioja (UR), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition, croissance et cancer (U 1069) (N2C), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours, and Voarino, Philippe

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], business.industry, Homogeneity (statistics), Photovoltaic system, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Photovoltaic effect, Fresnel equations, Concentrator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Solar cell, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Wafer dicing, Wafer, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Multijunction solar cells (MJSC) are usually developed to maximize efficiency under test conditions and not under real operation. This is the case of anti-reflective coatings (ARC), which are meant to minimize Fresnel reflection losses for a family of incident rays at room temperature. In order to understand and quantify the discrepancies between test and operation conditions, we have experimentally analyzed the spectral response of MJSC for a variety of incidence angles that are in practice received by a concentrator cell in high-concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) receiver designs. Moreover, we characterize this angular dependence as a function of temperature in order to reproduce real operation conditions. As the refractive index of the silicone is dependent on temperature, an optical mismatch is expected. Regarding other characterization techniques, a method called Relative EL Homogeneity Analysis (RELHA) is applied to processed wafers prior to dicing, allowing to diagnose the wafer crystalline homogeneity for each junction. Finally, current (I)-voltage (V) characterization under strongly unbalanced light spectra has also been carried out for a number of low-level irradiances, providing insight on each junction shunt resistance and corresponding radiative coupling.

Published
2014
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34. CPV-specific test procedures for evaluating on-grid inverters

Author

Mathieu Baudrit, César Domínguez, Begoña Lazpita, Anthony Bier, Pierre Besson, Philippe Voarino, Nutrition, croissance et cancer (U 1069) (N2C), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engineering, Test bench, business.industry, 020209 energy, Energy conversion efficiency, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Grid, 7. Clean energy, Maximum power point tracking, Set (abstract data type), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Inverter, Frequency distribution, 0210 nano-technology, business, Dimensioning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

A new protocol for testing on-grid inverters accounting for the operating conditions specific to CPV arrays is introduced. First, a CPV-specific weighted average for providing the static conversion efficiency according to typical frequency distributions of CPV yield throughout the year. Then, a set of representative scenarios for analyzing the dynamic MPPT efficiency of the inverter: slow ramp (clear sky), fast cloud passage, self-shading between arrays (typical of sunrise and sunset) and a wavering current response typical of imperfect tracking. The procedures have been applied to two different string-size inverters at the CEA inverter test bench, which have revealed strong differences in their dynamic MPPT efficiency. The CPV-specific weighted average proposed was found to provide lower performance figures than the classical European and CEC efficiencies for the two studied inverters. This protocol provides important information for CPV plant dimensioning and equipment selection, as the differences in performance revealed can result in significant deviation on the final energy yield.

Published
2014
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35. Evaluation of enhanced mirror for LMJ reflector industrial production

Author

Philippe Voarino, Grégory Chauveau, Nathalie Valette, Frédéric Sabary, Hélène Krol, Daniel Marteau, Hervé Piombini, Catherine Grèzes-Besset, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Compagnie industrielle des lasers (CILAS)

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Industrial production, Reflector (antenna), 02 engineering and technology, Laser pumping, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Reflectivity, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Metrology, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Engineering (miscellaneous), Refractive index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Laser Mégajoule
Abstract

The possibility of enhanced mirrors for laser megajoule reflectors has been studied, and preliminary samples have been realized with magnetron sputtering technology. Spectral measurements of improved reflectivity and cosmetics analysis are presented.

Published
2014
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36. LED illumination: A new way to characterize cells and modules at low and medium concentration

Author

Godefroy Vannier, Philippe Voarino, Henri Zara, Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Led illumination, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal management of electronic devices and systems, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, Solar cell, Calibration, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Volume concentration, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Diode, Voltage, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

In this paper we present a light-emitting diode (LED) - based illumination bench which is able to perform at variable illumination levels for the characterization of solar cell Current (I) - Voltage (V) curves. Spatial uniformity was optically simulated. Spectral response of the LED used was also determined and shown here. Thermal management on cells and on LED has been studied. First results have been obtained, showing its viability to characterize cells at low concentration with a reasonable accuracy after an appropriate calibration.

Published
2013
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37. Is it possible to check microcomponent coatings?

Author

Philippe Voarino, Fabien Lemarchand, Hervé Piombini, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), RCMO (RCMO), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Optical engineering, Physics::Optics, Image processing, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Metrology, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, Optical coating, law, Component (UML), 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Business and International Management, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index
Abstract

International audience; Optical microcomponents are increasingly used in laser optical systems because of their many and novel industrial applications. These components are coated in order to enhance their optical performance, but optical characterizations are very difficult due to the shapes and small size. Thus, to perform this kind of measurement, special devices are needed. It is difficult to check component optical responses after manufacturing. Thus a new method, developed by the French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission, is proposed to fill this gap.

Published
2011

38. Toward the reflectance measurement of micro components

Author

Hervé Piombini, Philippe Voarino, Fabien Lemarchand, and Dominique Breider

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Sample (material), Measure (physics), Radius, engineering.material, Curvature, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Lens (optics), Optical coating, Optics, Coating, law, Reflection (physics), engineering, business
Abstract

Today, the controls by reflection of optical coatings are most of the time made with flat samples thanks to commercial spectrophotometers. However, components become smaller and more complex, curvature radius of lenses or mirrors are larger, so that measures are not so accurate and sometimes are not possible. Flat samples don’t represent anymore the real reflection ability of the component. So to perform this kind of measurements, special devices are needed. A new means developed by the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) is proposed to fill in this gap. This device has a accuracy of 0.06% on flat sample over the 400 nm to 950 nm wavelength range with a spot size of 100 mm. It can measure the reflectance of samples even if their shapes are spherical. We investigate stainless steel balls and optical micro components (mirrors and lens) thanks to the tiny size of the analyzing spot of our reflectometer. Herein we introduce our first results on small optical components and show the limiting factors of our device.

Published
2010
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39. A Possibility for Checking Microcomponent Coatings

Author

Philippe Voarino, Hervé Piombini, Fabien Lemarchand, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lequime, Michel

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Spatial filter, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Physics::Optics, Image processing, 0102 computer and information sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optics, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, 0103 physical sciences, Thin film, business, Refractive index
Abstract

Optical micro-components are increasingly used in optical systems. The optical characterizations are very hard due to their shape and small size. So to perform this kind of measurement, special devices are needed.

Published
2010

40. Spectral measurement in reflection on steeply aspheric surfaces

Author

Hervé Piombini, Stephane Bruynooghe, and Philippe Voarino

Subjects
Materials science, Optics, Anti-reflective coating, Aspheric lens, Optical coating, business.industry, law, Spectral response, business, Deposition process, Radius of curvature (optics), law.invention
Abstract

The controls by optical mean of coatings deposited on optical components are generally made with flat witnesses. When the components are spherical or aspherical, like lenses or mirrors, the spectral response may vary because of the nonuniformity of thickness that is really linked to the deposition process. For large radius of curvature, control can be achieved even with classical spectrophotometers. However, control becomes more and more difficult when the radius of curvature decreases or when the optical device has a complex shape. Thus special devices are needed to perform this kind of measurement. ZEISS and CEA Le Ripault use spectral reflection as a mean of measurement, which enables to investigate optical coatings on curved parts. Two different devices have been implemented and used to measure the same antireflective coating deposited on an aspheric lens. In this work, we show the obtained results and we compare these results to theoretical simulation.

Published
2008
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41. New device to measure the reflectivity on steeply curved surface

Author

Hervé Piombini, Philippe Voarino, Daniel Soler, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Spectral response, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Reflectivity, Metrology, Radius of curvature (optics), 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Optical coating, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, Measurement uncertainty, Focal length, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The controls by optical mean of coatings deposited on optical components are generally made with flat witnesses. But when the components are spherical or aspherical, like lenses or mirrors, the spectral response can vary because of the nonuniformity of thickness that is really linked to the deposition process. For large radius of curvature, control can be achieved even with classical spectrophotometers. However, control becomes more and more difficult when the radius of curvature decreases or when the optical device has a complex shape such as slicers for example. So to perform this kind of measurement, special devices are needed. The CEA Ripault has designed a new facility of measurements of spectral reflection. This reflectometer can be used to measure optical coating with a very high accuracy on steeply curved parts. The aim of this paper is to enhance the limits of this device by studying measurement uncertainty and giving some examples of measurement. One of our most relevant measurements is the study of an aspheric condenser having a 38 mm focal length. Furthermore, the obtained reflectivity on an angle iron will be achieved and commented. Soon, WINLIGHT SYSTEM Company will manufacture this device.

Published
2008
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42. Apparatus designed for very accurate measurement of the optical reflection

Author

Philippe Voarino, Hervé Piombini, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Stray light, Materials Science (miscellaneous), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, Metrology, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Reflection (physics), [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Specular reflection, Business and International Management, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam splitter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Laser Mégajoule
Abstract

The described instrument is a new reflectometer designed to check the normal specular reflectance of 40,000 reflectors necessary for the Laser Megajoule (LMJ). This new reflectometer has a high accuracy over the 400-950 nm wavelength range and allows the delicate measurement of shaped parts. The measurements are relative and several reference mirrors, which are low loss dielectric mirrors [R(lambda)99.9%], are used for the standardization. The apparatus gives an excellent repeatability (0.06% at 2sigma) thanks to its design and automatic focalization imaging system. After a brief review that is related to performance evolution of the spectrophotometers, our facility and its components are described. The methodology of focusing and calibration are explained. The capabilities of our device are illustrated through some measurements realized on flat or shaped samples.

Published
2007
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43. High-precision measurements of reflectance

Author

Daniel Marteau, Frédéric Sabary, Hervé Piombini, Sébastien Petitrenaud, Philippe Voarino, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Spectrometer, business.industry, 020502 materials, Measure (physics), Curved mirror, Reflector (antenna), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Experimental physics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, 0205 materials engineering, Spectrophotometry, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Reflection coefficient, business, Reflectometry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Remote sensing
Abstract

The reflector's specifications of amplifying section of LMJ need to have spectral high-precision reflectance measurements. The innovative solution proposes to increase the precision of reflectance measurements, and to enable measure of pieces in form like spherical mirrors. This activity has been beginning for months and improvements have been performed.

Published
2006
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44. High-Precision Measurements of the LMJ’s Reflectors

Author

Philippe Voarino, Frédéric Sabary, Daniel Marteau, Hervé Piombini, and Sébastien Petitrenaud

Subjects
Physics, Experimental physics, Optics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Section (archaeology), business, Spectroscopy, Reflectivity
Abstract

The reflectors specifications of amplifying section of LMJ need to have spectral reflectance measurements more accurate. The innovative solution proposes to increase the precision of reflectance measurements and to detect heterogeneities in reflectance.

Published
2006
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45. Optical measurement of size and complex index of laser-damage precursors: the inverse problem

Author

Claude Amra, Philippe Voarino, Laurent Gallais, ILM (ILM), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Materials science, Index (economics), genetic structures, Series (mathematics), business.industry, Mie scattering, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, 02 engineering and technology, Inverse problem, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, eye diseases, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Optics, Laser damage, Optical materials, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, sense organs, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

An indirect optical method for determining size and complex refractive index of laser-damage precursors in optical materials is presented. The method is described in detail, with special attention to all assumptions. Results are given for a series of thin-film SiO2 layers.

Published
2004
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46. Size and complex index of nanocenters: optical measurements

Author

Laurent Gallais, Mireille Commandre, Jean-Yves Natoli, Philippe Voarino, Claude Amra, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), ILM (ILM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gallais, Laurent, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Optical measurements, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Characterization (materials science), 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Optical coating, Laser damage, Vacuum deposition, Optical materials, Non destructive, 0103 physical sciences, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Non destructive detection, localization and characterization of nanocenters today remains a challenge for inves-tigation of laser-induced damage in optical materials. In this study we propose an attempt to reach this aim viaoptical techniques, and extract size and complex index of nanocenters. The procedure is described and resultsare given for SiO 2 thin “lm samples. All conclusions are discussed in regard to assumptions.Keywords: Laser damage precursors, thin “lms, silica 1. INTRODUCTION Laser-induced damage in optical materials still remains today a key limitation for optics involving high energydensities. Though it is now admitted that nano-centers or precursors are at the origin of low damage thresholdin optical coatings and substrates, 1 10 little progress has been observed in the last few years, in spite of laserconditioning processes 11 23 for speci“c materials, and sophisticated vacuum deposition technologies. 24 26 Thissituation is surely the result of a lack of characterization due to the very low density of defects

Published
2004
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47. Multidielectric quarter-wave coatings on microspheres

Author

Philippe Voarino, Carole Deumie, Claude Amra, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gallais, Laurent

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, genetic structures, business.industry, Mie scattering, Spectral properties, Physics::Optics, Microsphere, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Optics, Planar, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Thin film, business, Optical depth
Abstract

Quarter-wave coatings are deposited on microspheres and their spectral properties are compared to those of planar multilayers, in regard to the sphere diameter. Specific functions are studied to create coloured powders.

Published
2004

48. Interferential powders for the spectral control of light scattering

Author

Carole Deumié, Claude Amra, Philippe Voarino, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gallais, Laurent, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Plane (geometry), Transmitted light, 02 engineering and technology, Radius, Curvature, Light scattering, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optical coating, Optics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Specular reflection, business, Micro spheres
Abstract

Optical interference coatings usually offer large possibilities for the spectral control of specular reflected or transmitted light. In this aim, multilayer structures are calculated and realized according to each specific application. These kinds of components are deposited over plane substrates, or on substrates with large curvature radius. In this paper we show how multilayer components can also be deposited on micro spheres to reach other applications connected with the spectral control of light scattering.

Published
2004

49. Optical properties calculated for multidielectric quarter-wave coatings on microspheres

Author

Carole Deumie, Philippe Voarino, Claude Amra, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Gallais, Laurent

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Mie scattering, Spectral properties, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Microsphere, 010309 optics, Planar, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, SPHERES, Thin film, business
Abstract

Optical properties of overcoated microspheres are calculated and compared to those of planar multilayers, in regard to the sphere diameter. The classical criteria for in-situ optical monitoring is analyzed to control the growth of films on the spheres. Most coatings are multi-dielectric quarterwave stacks used in the thin film community.

Published
2004

50. Method for the optical measurement of size and complex index of laser damage precursors in optical components

Author

Laurent Gallais, Jean-Yves Natoli, Philippe Voarino, Claude Amra, Gallais, Laurent, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Stochastic modelling, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Physics::Optics, Nanometer size, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, Photothermal therapy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Laser damage, Scientific method, 0103 physical sciences, Forensic engineering, Optoelectronics, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

Laser damage in optical components is caused mainly by the presence of sub-micronic defects, inherent to the manufacturing process (metal or dielectric inclusions, fractures, bubbles). An improvement of the laser damage threshold requires an analysis of damage process and an identification of the laser damage precursors. However, the assumed nanometer size of such precursors makes their identification difficult by the usual optical methods. In this paper, we present a method to obtain the size and complex index of laser damage precursors in thin films or substrates. This method is based on the knowledge of three parameters accessible to measurements, which are the precursor density, the laser damage threshold and the precursor absorption. Density and threshold are extracted from the fit of laser damage probability curves with the use of a statistic model and absorption is obtained with photothermal measurements. From these measurements, an electromagnetic and thermal model permits to obtain an estimation of both complex index and size of the laser damage precursors. The different experimental and theoretical tools are described in this paper : laser damage testing apparatus, photothermal bench, stochastic model for the interpretation of laser damage probability curves, electromagnetic and thermal model. An application example is given : we present our first results in silica thins films where sub-micronic laser damage initiators at 1064nm have been highlighted and identified with our method.

Published
2004

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