Author: "Philippe Pieri" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Philippe Pieri"' showing total 57 results

Start Over Author "Philippe Pieri"

57 results on '"Philippe Pieri"'

1. Temperature variation linked to trellis height: an opportunity for adaptation to climate change?

Author: Laure de Rességuier, Philippe Pieri, Théo Petitjean, Séverine Mary, and Cornelis van Leeuwen
Subjects: Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: Temperature is a key factor in vine growth and grape composition (Jones, 2006). Climate change is already having an impact on these parameters in many wine regions, and it is becoming necessary to adapt in order to continue producing quality wines, without strongly altering their typical character (van Leeuwen et al., 2019). One way to adapt could be to modify the vine’s training system. A study of temperature at different heights was carried out in the Bordeaux region to assess whether increasing trunk height could modify the microclimate in the bunch zone (de Rességuier et al., 2023).
Published: 2023

2. An operational model for capturing grape ripening dynamics to support harvest decisions

Author: Cornélis van Leeuwen, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Mark Gowdy, Laura Farris, Philippe Pieri, Laura Marolleau, and Gregory A. Gambetta
Subjects: grape ripening, sugar, total acidity, vine, climate change, harvest date, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Grape ripening is a critical phenological phase during which many metabolites that impact wine quality accumulate in the berries. Major changes in berry composition include a rapid increase in sugar and a decrease in malic acid content and concentration. Its duration is highly variable depending on grapevine variety, climatic parameters, soil type and management practices. Together with the timing of mid-veraison, this duration determines when grapes can be harvested. Viticulturists and winemakers monitor the sugar-to-total acidity ratio (S/TA) during grape ripening and start harvesting grapes when this ratio reaches the optimum value for the desired wine style. The S/TA ratio evolves linearly as a function of thermal summation during the first four weeks following the onset of ripening. The linearity of the evolution of the S/TA ratio as a function of thermal time during the first four weeks following mid-veraison is applied in this study on two large data sets encompassing (1) 53 varieties studied during 10 years with two to four replicates for each combination of year and cultivar and (2) two varieties, cultivated on three soil types over 13 years. Grape ripening speed is highly variable. The effects of the year impact ripening speed more than the effects of the soil or the variety, although all three effects are highly significant. Grape ripening speed decreases with berry weight and also varies with vine water status. By using this approach, viticulturists and winemakers can assess four weeks after mid-veraison, for each individual vineyard parcel, at what speed grape ripening progresses. Combined with precise mid-veraison scoring, expertise from previous vintages and complementary approaches like sensory assessment of berries, it allows harvest date estimates to be fine-tuned. The results of this study can also be used to identify slow ripening varies, which are better performing in warm climates and, thus, better adapted to climate change.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Characterisation of the vertical temperature gradient in the canopy reveals increased trunk height to be a potential adaptation to climate change

Author: Laure de Rességuier, Philippe Pieri, Séverine Mary, Romain Pons, Théo Petitjean, and Cornelis van Leeuwen
Subjects: Climate change, viticulture, grapevine, vertical temperature gradient, vineyard floor management, adaptation, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Given the important role of temperature in vine development and grape composition, climate change has already impacted wine production. Adaptation strategies are needed in order to sustain the production of wines and maintain their typicity. Several levers of adaptation are possible, including the use of more heat and drought tolerant plant material, relocating the vineyard and adaptations in the cellar. The training system is also a potential lever for adaptation that is relatively easy to implement. Taking that avenue, a study of the vertical thermal gradient in the vine canopy was carried out in order to determine whether trunk height could be an adaptation strategy for manipulating micro-climate in the bunch zone. Temperature was measured at four different heights from the soil (30, 60, 90 and 120 cm) in two adjacent vineyard parcels. One parcel was managed with cover crop and the other by tilling the soil. The results of this study show that increased trunk height is not likely to significantly delay ripeness, but it could minimise the potential damages of both frost and heat wave events. Type of parcel management was found to have an effect: close to the ground, the cover crop parcel generally had lower minimum temperatures and higher maximum temperatures in comparison to the tilled parcel, exposing the vines to an increased risk of both frost and heat wave damage. When investigating the factors driving the vertical thermal gradient, soil moisture and weather type were found to have an impact. Some of these factors, like mean temperature and soil moisture, may exacerbate the vertical temperature gradient of maximum temperature in a climate change context and increase the risk of damages due to extreme temperatures.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Variety-specific response of bulk stomatal conductance of grapevine canopies to changes in net radiation, atmospheric demand, and drought stress.

Author: Mark Gowdy, Bruno Suter, Philippe Pieri, Elisa Marguerit, Agnès Destrac Irvine, Gregory Gambetta, and Cornelis van Leeuwen
Subjects: climate change, drought stress, vineyard water use models, Vitis vinifera, cultivar, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: In wine growing regions around the world, climate change has the potential to affect vine transpiration and overall vineyard water use due to related changes in daily atmospheric conditions and soil water deficits. Grapevines control their transpiration in response to such changes by regulating conductance of water through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The response of bulk stomatal conductance, the vine canopy equivalent of stomatal conductance, to such changes were studied on Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Ugni blanc, and Semillon vines in a non-irrigated vineyard in Bordeaux France. Whole-vine sap flow, temperature and humidity in the vine canopy, and net radiation absorbed by the vine canopy were measured on 15-minute intervals from early July through mid-September 2020, together with periodic measurements of leaf area, canopy porosity, and predawn leaf water potential. From these data, bulk stomatal conductance was calculated on 15-minute intervals, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify key variables and their relative effect on conductance. For the regression analysis, attention was focused on addressing non-linearity and collinearity in the explanatory variables and developing a model that was readily interpretable. Variability of vapour pressure deficit in the vine canopy over the day and predawn water potential over the season explained much of the variability in bulk stomatal conductance overall, with relative differences between varieties appearing to be driven in large part by differences in conductance response to predawn water potential between the varieties. Transpiration simulations based on the regression equations found similar differences between varieties in terms of daily and seasonal transpiration. These simulations also compared well with those from an accepted vineyard water balance model, although there appeared to be differences between the two approaches in the rate at which conductance, and hence transpiration is reduced as a function of decreasing soil water content (i.e., increasing water deficit stress). By better characterizing the response of bulk stomatal conductance, the dynamics of vine transpiration can be better parameterized in vineyard water use modeling of current and future climate scenarios.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Estimating Bulk Stomatal Conductance in Grapevine Canopies

Author: Mark Gowdy, Philippe Pieri, Bruno Suter, Elisa Marguerit, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Gregory Gambetta, and Cornelis van Leeuwen
Subjects: bulk boundary layer conductance, net radiation, transpiration, vineyard water-use models, vine water stress, vapor pressure deficit, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: In response to changes in their environments, grapevines regulate transpiration using various physiological mechanisms that alter conductance of water through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Expressed as bulk stomatal conductance at the canopy scale, it varies diurnally in response to changes in vapor pressure deficit and net radiation, and over the season to changes in soil water deficits and hydraulic conductivity of both the soil and plant. To help with future characterization of this dynamic response, a simplified method is presented for determining bulk stomatal conductance based on the crop canopy energy flux model by Shuttleworth and Wallace using measurements of individual vine sap flow, temperature and humidity within the vine canopy, and estimates of net radiation absorbed by the vine canopy. The methodology presented respects the energy flux dynamics of vineyards with open canopies, while avoiding problematic measurements of soil heat flux and boundary layer conductance needed by other methods, which might otherwise interfere with ongoing vineyard management practices. Based on this method and measurements taken on several vines in a non-irrigated vineyard in Bordeaux France, bulk stomatal conductance was estimated on 15-minute intervals from July to mid-September 2020 producing values similar to those presented for vineyards in the literature. Time-series plots of this conductance show significant diurnal variation and seasonal decreases in conductance associated with increased vine water stress as measured by predawn leaf water potential. Global sensitivity analysis using non-parametric regression found transpiration flux and vapor pressure deficit to be the most important input variables to the calculation of bulk stomatal conductance, with absorbed net radiation and bulk boundary layer conductance being much less important. Conversely, bulk stomatal conductance was one of the most important inputs when calculating vine transpiration, emphasizing the usefulness of characterizing its dynamic response for the purpose of estimating vine canopy transpiration in water use models.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Developmental, molecular and genetic studies on grapevine response to temperature open breeding strategies for adaptation to warming

Author: Laurent Torregrosa, Antoine Bigard, Agnes Doligez, David Lecourieux, Markus Rienth, Nathalie Luchaire, Philippe Pieri, Ratthaphon Chatbanyong, Rezth Shahood, Marc Farnos, Catherine Roux, Angélique Adiveze, Jérémie Pillet, Yannick Sire, Emmanuelle Zumstein, Mélanie Veyret, Loic Le Cunff, Fatma Lecourieux, Nicolas Saurin, Bertrand Muller, Hernán Ojeda, Cléa Houel, Jean-Pierre Péros, Patrice This, Anne Pellegrino, and Charles Romieu
Subjects: global warming, temperature, grapevine, biology, adaptation, genetic improvement, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Aim: In the long term, genetic improvement is one of the major strategies to support sustainable wine production in a changing climate. Over the past 5 years, we have developed an interdisciplinary research program that aimed to: i) characterize the impact of temperature increase sensed by the entire plant or individual bunches on the development and functioning of the plant, ii) identify the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating the response of vegetative and reproductive development to heat stress and iii) develop tools to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of plant and berry development in duly controlled, stable, and contrasting environmental conditions. Methods and results: Performing high-throughput genomic analyses combined with the use of innovative experimental designs (fruiting cuttings, microvines, single berry sampling) was critical to decipher the ecophysiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the vine response to high temperature. Conclusion: Warming promotes vegetative growth and hampers plant carbon balance, disturbing flower set and young berry development. High temperatures modify primary and secondary fruit metabolisms, desynchronizing sugar and organic acid metabolisms and delaying sugar and polyphenol accumulation during ripening. The study of day and night transcriptomic and proteomic signatures associated with heat highlighted key players of the response to temperature in the fruit. Significance and impact of the study: Capitalizing on this knowledge, a new program is being proposed for the selection of cultivars limiting the accumulation of sugars in the berry while maintaining other qualitative compounds.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. The effects of a moderate grape temperature increase on berry secondary metabolites

Author: Jing Wu, Julie Drappier, Ghislaine Hilbert, Sabine Guillaumie, Zhanwu Dai, Laurence Geny, Serge Delrot, Philippe Darriet, Cécile Thibon, and Philippe Pieri
Subjects: grapevine, climate change, secondary metabolism, polyphenols, aromas, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Context and purpose of the study: Like in other wine producing regions around the world, Bordeaux vineyards already experience the effects of climate change. Recent trends as well as model outputs for the future strongly support an increase of average and extreme temperatures. For the maturation period, this increase will by far exceed mean atmospheric temperature increase, as the ripening period will occur earlier in hotter climatic conditions. Therefore, a detrimental secondary metabolism response is expected in grape berries, and of particular concern are the impacts on phenolics and aromas and aroma precursors. The effects of high temperatures on secondary metabolism control have been partly characterized for phenolics, however mostly in artificial growing conditions, while little is known with respect to aromas. A better understanding of how high temperatures influence grape berry secondary metabolites could help vineyard growers to adapt to climate change and maintain wine quality. Material and methods: A two-year field study was carried out in 2015 and 2016 in a vineyard in Bordeaux, France. Two treatments, heated (H) and control (C), were applied to two varieties, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc, from fruit-set to maturity. Field heating was achieved by a very local greenhouse effect applied to the bottom of the rows, by enclosing most of the underlying soil surface by polycarbonate shields. As the training system was vertically trellised, the heated volume surrounded most of the bunches but did not disturb most of the leaves in the canopy. This simple and robust setup allowed an increase of berry temperature by about +1.5°C in mean value, up to +5°C at times during clear sky days. This moderate increase of temperature was indicative of the predicted future climatic conditions for the mid-21st century. Berry samples were collected at 4 time points from bunch closure to maturity for each cultivar and treatment. Primary and secondary metabolites were measured in whole berries or skins. Results and conclusions: With this moderate temperature increase, primary metabolite content in berries did not change significantly. In H samples, anthocyanins were reduced and tannins increased before veraison, and both decreased thereafter. H samples also exhibited lower concentrations of some amino acids, especially alanine, serine and phenylalanine. IBMP (2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine) concentrations were also reduced in H samples of Cabernet-Sauvignon, in both seasons, especially at bunch closure stage, but the differences diminished at full maturity. For thiol 3-sulfanyl hexanol precursors, H samples again exhibited much lower concentrations for both varieties, with weak differences at early stages that increased at later stages (up to -70% decline at maturity in 2015 for Sauvignon blanc). These results demonstrate the potential negative impact of elevated temperature on polyphenols and aroma quality of grape berries. Significance and impact of the study: For viticulture to adapt to new climatic conditions, the negative impacts of high temperature on secondary metabolites and aromas, and therefore on wine quality, need to be contemplated. Thus, already established or new vineyard plantings must prepare and consider practices able to mitigate these impacts, for instance practices that increase bunch shading.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Reduced density is an environmental friendly and cost effective solution to increase resilence to drought in vineyards in a contexte of climate change

Author: Cornelis van Leeuwen, Philippe Pieri, Mark Gowdy, Nathalie Ollat, and Jean-Philippe Roby
Subjects: vine, density, water deficit, climate change, water balance model, production cost, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Aims: Climate change imposes increasingly warm and dry conditions in most winegrowing regions. Mediterranean vineyards are particularly vulnerable and have registered, in most situations, declining yields over the past years. Although a majority of Mediterranean vineyards are still dry-farmed, yields can be increased by the implementation of irrigation. However, irrigation has an impact on increasingly affected water resources. An alternative solution to irrigation can be the adaptation of training systems. As can be shown by water balance modeling, low density non-irrigated vineyards are much less vulnerable to climatic drought compared to medium or high density vineyards. And while yields tend to be lower in low density vineyards, so are production costs. The aim of this study is to investigate to what extent low density vineyards can be a sustainable and cost effective adaptation for grape growing in dry climates. Methods and results: A water balance model was applied to conceptual vineyards with different soil water holding capacities and different planting densities over recent past (1981-2010) and near future (2041-2070) climatic conditions for two winegrowing scenarios (Cabernet-Sauvignon in Bordeaux and Grenache in Avignon, Côtes du Rhône). Row spacings of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 m were investigated for vineyards with 100, 200 and 300 mm total transpirable soil water (TTSW), while inter-vine spacing, vine architecture, and canopy height were kept similar. Projected yields were estimated to vary according to vine density and water deficit based on a meta-analysis of data published in the literature. Production costs were calculated according to an operation-based costing methodology and compared among the different scenarios on a cost per hectare basis. Gross profit per hectare, defined as grape sales revenue minus production costs, was then computed for two grape sale revenue scenarios (1 €/kg and 3 €/kg). The modeled average fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) varied across the different winegrowing scenarios, climate periods (recent past or near future), and TTSW and row spacing assumptions. In soils with 200 or 300 mm TTSW, the 30-day average FTSW prior to modeled grape harvest roughly doubled when 4.0 m versus 2.0 m spacing was assumed in both the recent past and near future climate scenarios. In soils with 100 mm TTSW, water deficit was more severe overall and the effect of row spacing on average FTSW was less pronounced. Changes in projected yields were estimated as a function of vine density and FTSW based on relationships published in the literature. Yields decreased with decreasing vine density and increasing water deficits, while production costs decreased with decreasing vine density. When the assumed revenue from grape sales was lower (1 €/kg), the effect of reduced production cost savings outweighed the loss in revenue caused by reduced yields, leading to increased gross profit per hectare. On the other hand, when higher grape revenue was assumed (3 €/kg), the effect of reduced yield on revenue outweighed the associated reduction in production costs, leading to reduced gross profit per hectare. Conclusions: Lower density, dry-farmed vineyards will experience less water deficit under warmer and drier climate conditions, although this difference is less pronounced in soils with less water holding capacity. When considering differences in yields, revenues, and production costs, lower density vineyards producing lower value grapes (1 €/kg) may also experience an associated increase in gross profit, while such vineyards producing higher value grapes (3 €/kg) might experience a decrease in gross profit. Significance and impact of the study: The implementation of dry-farmed, low density vineyards provides a sustainable solution for grape growing by reducing the need for irrigation water. It allows maintaining vineyards in very dry areas where water is not readily available for irrigation and where other crops (except possibly olive trees) cannot be grown. Modeling of yield, revenue, and production costs shows that this solution is also economically viable, particularly for vineyards producing lower value (€/kg) grapes. Unlike goblet trained bush vine, low density trellised vineyards are perfectly adapted for mechanization.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Temperature-based zoning of the Bordeaux wine region

Author: Benjamin Bois, Daniel Joly, Hervé Quénol, Philippe Pieri, Jean-Pierre Gaudillière, Dominique Guyon, Etienne Saur, and Cornelis van Leeuwen
Subjects: Bordeaux wine region, Viticultural zoning, Grapevine phenology, Regression kriging, Temperature, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Temperature is a driving climate variable for grapevine development and grape ripening kinetics. The current study first reports interpolation of daily minimum and maximum temperature data by a weather station network from 2001 to 2005 in the Bordeaux (France) region by means of regression kriging using terrain, satellite and land-cover derived covariates. Second it analyses the interpolation procedure errors in agroclimatic indices by means of cross validation and then it compares the field observations of grapevine phenology to temperature-based predicted phenology applied to interpolated data. Finally it proposes a simple method to perform a zoning of Bordeaux vineyards based upon the spatialized prediction of the day on which grape sugar content reaches 200 g.L-1. The zoning performed shows large potential differences in grape maturity date (up to 20 days) induced by temperature spatial variability in a low relief area.
Published: 2018

10. Nested effects of berry half, berry and bunch microclimate on biochemical composition in grape

Author: Philippe Pieri, Katharina Zott, Eric Gomès, and Ghislaine Hilbert
Subjects: Vitis vinifera, vineyard, berry temperature, solar radiation, anthocyanins, flavonols, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Aim: Polyphenol composition, an important component of grape quality, is strongly influenced by fruit microclimate. However, information relies exclusively on whole berry data and the underlying response functions to microenvironment variables remain essentially unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the biochemical composition of grapes at both bunch and berry scales, in relation with microclimate. Methods and results: Whole berries and berry halves were sampled in mature defoliated bunches from two neighboring Bordeaux vineyards with contrasting row orientations (Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot). Flavonoid and amino-acid contents were analyzed by HPLC methods. The main sources of variation were bunch azimuth, berry exposure and, only in South-exposed bunches, berry side. Models were used to estimate radiation at the berry surface and temperature. Intense effects of bunch side and berry side on total flavonol and anthocyanin concentrations were observed. These results were all consistent at both bunch and berry scales. However, the most intense effects were observed at berry scale and mitigated by scaling up from berry to bunch. Conclusion: Total flavonol concentrations in the berry skin exhibited a clear positive linear relationship with solar radiation. The large heterogeneity of composition at berry scale is consistent with the better known heterogeneity at bunch scale. Significance and impact of the study: Models and original response functions to microclimate could help optimize vineyard management and grape ripening.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. An Update on the Impact of Climate Change in Viticulture and Potential Adaptations

Author: Cornelis van Leeuwen, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Matthieu Dubernet, Eric Duchêne, Mark Gowdy, Elisa Marguerit, Philippe Pieri, Amber Parker, Laure de Rességuier, and Nathalie Ollat
Subjects: climate change, viticulture, adaptation, temperature, drought, plant material, rootstock, training system, phenology, modeling, Agriculture
Abstract: Climate change will impose increasingly warm and dry conditions on vineyards. Wine quality and yield are strongly influenced by climatic conditions and depend on complex interactions between temperatures, water availability, plant material, and viticultural techniques. In established winegrowing regions, growers have optimized yield and quality by choosing plant material and viticultural techniques according to local climatic conditions, but as the climate changes, these will need to be adjusted. Adaptations to higher temperatures include changing plant material (e.g., rootstocks, cultivars and clones) and modifying viticultural techniques (e.g., changing trunk height, leaf area to fruit weight ratio, timing of pruning) such that harvest dates are maintained in the optimal period at the end of September or early October in the Northern Hemisphere. Vineyards can be made more resilient to drought by planting drought resistant plant material, modifying training systems (e.g., goblet bush vines, or trellised vineyards at wider row spacing), or selecting soils with greater soil water holding capacity. While most vineyards in Europe are currently dry-farmed, irrigation may also be an option to grow sustainable yields under increasingly dry conditions but consideration must be given to associated impacts on water resources and the environment.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Estimating spatial and temporal variations in solar radiation within Bordeaux winegrowing region using remotely sensed data

Author: Benjamin Bois, Lucien Wald, Philippe Pieri, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Loïc Commagnac, Philippe Chery, Maxime Christen, Jean-Pierre Gaudillère, and Etienne Saur
Subjects: Solar radiation, remote sensing, Vitis vinifera, vineyard zoning, Bordeaux, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Aims: This paper presents a study of spatial and temporal variations in solar radiation for the Bordeaux winegrowing region, over a 20 year period (1986-2005). Methods and results: Solar radiation data was retrieved from the HelioClim-1 database, elaborated from Meteosat satellite images, using the Heliosat-2 algorithm. Daily data was interpolated using ordinary kriging to produce horizontal solar radiation maps at a 500 m resolution. Then using a digital elevation model, 50 m resolution daily solar radiation maps with terrain integration were produced for the period 2001-2005. The long term (20 year) analysis of solar radiation at low spatial resolution (500 m) showed a west to east decreasing gradient within the Bordeaux winegrowing region. Mean August-to-September daily irradiation values, on horizontal surface, were used to classify the Bordeaux winegrowing region into three zones: low, medium, and high solar radiation areas. This initial zoning was downscaled to 50 m resolution, applying a local correction ratio, based on 2001-2005 solar radiation from the inclined surface analysis. Grapevine development and maturation potential of the different zones of appellation of origin of Bordeaux winegrowing regions are discussed in relation with this zoning. Conclusion: Solar radiation variability within the Bordeaux winegrowing region is mainly governed by terrain slopes and orientations, which induce considerable variations within the eastern part of Bordeaux vineyards. Significance and impact of study: Solar radiation has a major impact on vineyard water balance, grapevine development and berry ripening. However, irradiation data is seldom available in weather stations records. This paper highlights the need for high resolution mapping of solar radiation that uses remote sensing and terrain effect integration for agroclimatic studies in viticulture.
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Observations on the influence of vine covering by means of a transparent plastic sheet on berry ripening and wine quality (Saint-Emilion, 1995 and 1996)

Author: Cornelis van Leeuwen, Ph. Guigal, and Philippe Pieri
Subjects: vine covering, plastic sheet, grape composition, wine quality, yield, Botrytis level, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Given the climat of the Bordeaux area, major climatic accidents can affect both the yield and the quality of the crop. Spring frost can destroy the future harvest, as happened in 1977 and 1991. Heavy rain in September can compromise a promising grape potential, evaluated at the end of August, and cause major Botrytis problems, as happened in 1963, 1965, 1968, and, more recently, in 1993. In this paper we discuss how soil and vine covering can contribute to avoid these problems. Vine covering, by means of a transparent plastic sheet, was experimented with in 1995 and 1996, between the end of March and early May, to reduce frost harm. In September of the same years, at the end of the ripening period, we studied the influence of soil covering (mentionned "BS") as well as soil and vine covering (mentionned as « BT ») on water status of the vines, microclimate, berry ripening and wine quality. In 1996, 14 p. cent of the buds were frozen in the control plot. No frost damage was noted underneath the plastic cover. In the same year, when most of our observations were made, supranormal rainfall in August preceeded the second period of soil and vine covering, carried out on 27th August. Under these conditions, we did not mesure any difference in vine water status until the harvest on the three plots. Microclimate was warmer and drier on the covered plots, especially underneath the over-vine cover. On the covered plots, yields were higher. In 1996, on BT, the vines carried more bunches, the bunches carried more berries and berry weight was higher. The control vines were significantly more affected by Botrytis compared to BS ; BT showed almost no rot. Berries on the covered plots showed a tendancy of having more sugar and total phenolics, and less malic acid. Separate microvinifications were done with 50 kg of grapes from each plot. Wine from BT was preferred over BS. Wine from the control plot was the least appreciated.
Published: 1998
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Non-linear loss of suitable wine regions over Europe in response to increasing global warming

Author: Giovanni Sgubin, Didier Swingedouw, Juliette Mignot, Gregory Alan Gambetta, Benjamin Bois, Harilaos Loukos, Thomas Noël, Philippe Pieri, Iñaki García de Cortázar‐Atauri, Nathalie Ollat, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherches de Climatologie [UMR Biogéosciences] (CRC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and European Project: 776613,Fighting and adapting to climate change,H2020-EU.3.5.1,EUCP(2017)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Phenological model, Ecology, Vitis vinifera L, Environmental Chemistry, Climate change, General circulation model, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Adaptation to climate change, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Evaluating the potential climatic suitability for premium wine production is crucial for adaptation planning in Europe. While new wine regions may emerge out of the traditional boundaries, most of the present-day renowned winemaking regions may be threatened by climate change. Here, we analyse the future evolution of the geography of wine production over Europe, through the definition of a novel climatic suitability indicator, which is calculated over the projected grapevine phenological phases to account for their possible contractions under global warming. Our approach consists in coupling six different de-biased downscaled climate projections under two different scenarios of global warming with four phenological models for different grapevine varieties. The resulting suitability indicator is based on fuzzy logic and is calculated over three main components measuring (i) the timing of the fruit physiological maturity, (ii) the risk of water stress and (iii) the risk of pests and diseases. The results demonstrate that the level of global warming largely determines the distribution of future wine regions. For a global temperature increase limited to 2°C above the pre-industrial level, the suitable areas over the traditional regions are reduced by about 4%/°C rise, while for higher levels of global warming, the rate of this loss increases up to 17%/°C. This is compensated by a gradual emergence of new wine regions out of the traditional boundaries. Moreover, we show that reallocating better-suited grapevine varieties to warmer conditions may be a viable adaptation measure to cope with the projected suitability loss over the traditional regions. However, the effectiveness of this strategy appears to decrease as the level of global warming increases. Overall, these findings suggest the existence of a safe limit below 2°C of global warming for the European winemaking sector, while adaptation might become far more challenging beyond this threshold.
Published: 2022

15. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling underlines the stage‐ and time‐dependent effects of high temperature on grape berry metabolism

Author: John E. Lunn, Marc Bonneu, Lijun Wang, Eric Gomès, Regina Feil, David Lecourieux, Philippe Pieri, Stéphane Claverol, Serge Delrot, Fatma Lecourieux, Christian Kappel, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CGFB), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux Ségalen [Bordeaux 2], Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Botany [Beijing] (IB-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität Potsdam, Proteomic Facility [Bordeaux] (Functional Genomic Center), Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), and ANR-10-GENM-0004,DURAVITIS,Bases développementales, moléculaires et génétiques de l'adaptation de la vigne à la contrainte thermique.(2010)
Subjects: Proteomics, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Hot Temperature, Proteome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Plant Science, Berry, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, heat stress, Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolomics, Cell Wall, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vitis, Food science, Secondary metabolism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, proteomic, Plant Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Wine, 0303 health sciences, food and beverages, Ripening, primary and secondary metabolisms, Metabolism, 15. Life on land, Lipid Metabolism, berry, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Fruit, Vitis vinifera, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Metabolome, Transcriptome, Heat-Shock Response, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Climate change scenarios predict an increase in mean air temperatures and in the frequency, intensity, and length of extreme temperature events in many wine-growing regions worldwide. Because elevated temperature has detrimental effects on the berry growth and composition, it threatens the economic and environmental sustainability of wine production. Using Cabernet Sauvignon fruit-bearing cuttings, we investigated the effects of high temperature (HT) on grapevine berries through a label-free shotgun proteomic analysis coupled to a complementary metabolomic study. Among the 2279 proteins identified, 592 differentially abundant proteins were found in berries exposed to HT. The gene ontology categories "Stress", "Protein", "Secondary metabolism" and "Cell wall" were predominantly altered under HT. High temperatures strongly impaired carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and the effects depended on the stage of development and duration of treatment. Transcript amounts correlated poorly with protein expression levels in HT berries, highlighting the value of proteomic studies in the context of heat stress. Furthermore, this work reveals that HT alters key proteins driving berry development and ripening. Finally, we provide a list of differentially abundant proteins that can be considered as potential markers for developing or selecting grape varieties that are better adapted to warmer climates or extreme heat waves. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2020

16. Duravitis opens breeding strategies for grapevine facing T° rises

Author: Laurent Torregrosa, Antoine Bigard, Agnes Doligez, David Lecourieux, Markus Rienth, Nathalie Luchaire, Philippe Pieri, Ratthaphon Chatbanyong, Rezth Shahood, Marc Farnos, Catherine Roux, Angelique Adiveze, Jérémy Pillet, Yannick Sire, Emmanuelle Zumstein, Mélanie Veyret, Loic Lecunff, Fatma Lecourieux, Nicolas Saurin, Bertrand Muller, Hernan Ojeda, Cléa Houel, Jean-Pierre Peros, Patrice This, Anne Pellegrino, Charles Romieu, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité expérimentale de Pech-Rouge (PECH ROUGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Protéomique, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Vigne, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Réchauffement climatique
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2020

17. The effects of a moderate grape temperature increase on berry secondary metabolites

Author: Julie Drappier, Jing Wu, Ghislaine Hilbert, Philippe Darriet, Laurence Geny, Sabine Guillaumie, Serge Delrot, Cécile Thibon, Zhanwu Dai, Philippe Pieri, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Berry, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Veraison, lcsh:Agriculture, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Botany, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, aromas, polyphenols, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Wine, secondary metabolism, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:S, food and beverages, Primary metabolite, 15. Life on land, grapevine, lcsh:QK1-989, climate change, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Viticulture, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Context and purpose of the study: Like in other wine producing regions around the world, Bordeaux vineyards already experience the effects of climate change. Recent trends as well as model outputs for the future strongly support an increase of average and extreme temperatures. For the maturation period, this increase will by far exceed mean atmospheric temperature increase, as the ripening period will occur earlier in hotter climatic conditions. Therefore, a detrimental secondary metabolism response is expected in grape berries, and of particular concern are the impacts on phenolics and aromas and aroma precursors. The effects of high temperatures on secondary metabolism control have been partly characterized for phenolics, however mostly in artificial growing conditions, while little is known with respect to aromas. A better understanding of how high temperatures influence grape berry secondary metabolites could help vineyard growers to adapt to climate change and maintain wine quality. Material and methods: A two-year field study was carried out in 2015 and 2016 in a vineyard in Bordeaux, France. Two treatments, heated (H) and control (C), were applied to two varieties, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc, from fruit-set to maturity. Field heating was achieved by a very local greenhouse effect applied to the bottom of the rows, by enclosing most of the underlying soil surface by polycarbonate shields. As the training system was vertically trellised, the heated volume surrounded most of the bunches but did not disturb most of the leaves in the canopy. This simple and robust setup allowed an increase of berry temperature by about +1.5 degrees C in mean value, up to +5 degrees C at times during clear sky days. This moderate increase of temperature was indicative of the predicted future climatic conditions for the mid-21st century. Berry samples were collected at 4 time points from bunch closure to maturity for each cultivar and treatment. Primary and secondary metabolites were measured in whole berries or skins. Results and conclusions: With this moderate temperature increase, primary metabolite content in berries did not change significantly. In H samples, anthocyanins were reduced and tannins increased before veraison, and both decreased thereafter. H samples also exhibited lower concentrations of some amino acids, especially alanine, serine and phenylalanine. IBMP (2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine) concentrations were also reduced in H samples of Cabernet-Sauvignon, in both seasons, especially at bunch closure stage, but the differences diminished at full maturity. For thiol 3-sulfanyl hexanol precursors, H samples again exhibited much lower concentrations for both varieties, with weak differences at early stages that increased at later stages (up to -70% decline at maturity in 2015 for Sauvignon blanc). These results demonstrate the potential negative impact of elevated temperature on polyphenols and aroma quality of grape berries. Significance and impact of the study: For viticulture to adapt to new climatic conditions, the negative impacts of high temperature on secondary metabolites and aromas, and therefore on wine quality, need to be contemplated. Thus, already established or new vineyard plantings must prepare and consider practices able to mitigate these impacts, for instance practices that increase bunch shading.
Published: 2019

18. Reduced density is an environmental friendly and cost effective solution to increase resilence to drought in vineyards in a contexte of climate change

Author: Mark Gowdy, Nathalie Ollat, Jean Philippe Roby, Philippe Pieri, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, production cost, Irrigation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], water balance model, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Agriculture, Water balance, vitis vinifera, Gross profit, lcsh:Botany, vin, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Harvest, Hectare, water deficit, 2. Zero hunger, density, changement climatique, lcsh:S, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Olive trees, lcsh:QK1-989, Water resources, climate change, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, vine, vigne, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Aims: Climate change imposes increasingly warm and dry conditions in most winegrowing regions. Mediterranean vineyards are particularly vulnerable and have registered, in most situations, declining yields over the past years. Although a majority of Mediterranean vineyards are still dry-farmed, yields can be increased by the implementation of irrigation. However, irrigation has an impact on increasingly affected water resources. An alternative solution to irrigation can be the adaptation of training systems. As can be shown by water balance modeling, low density non-irrigated vineyards are much less vulnerable to climatic drought compared to medium or high density vineyards. And while yields tend to be lower in low density vineyards, so are production costs. The aim of this study is to investigate to what extent low density vineyards can be a sustainable and cost effective adaptation for grape growing in dry climates. Methods and results: A water balance model was applied to conceptual vineyards with different soil water holding capacities and different planting densities over recent past (1981-2010) and near future (2041-2070) climatic conditions for two winegrowing scenarios (Cabernet-Sauvignon in Bordeaux and Grenache in Avignon, Côtes du Rhône). Row spacings of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 m were investigated for vineyards with 100, 200 and 300 mm total transpirable soil water (TTSW), while inter-vine spacing, vine architecture, and canopy height were kept similar. Projected yields were estimated to vary according to vine density and water deficit based on a meta-analysis of data published in the literature. Production costs were calculated according to an operation-based costing methodology and compared among the different scenarios on a cost per hectare basis. Gross profit per hectare, defined as grape sales revenue minus production costs, was then computed for two grape sale revenue scenarios (1 €/kg and 3 €/kg). The modeled average fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) varied across the different winegrowing scenarios, climate periods (recent past or near future), and TTSW and row spacing assumptions. In soils with 200 or 300 mm TTSW, the 30-day average FTSW prior to modeled grape harvest roughly doubled when 4.0 m versus 2.0 m spacing was assumed in both the recent past and near future climate scenarios. In soils with 100 mm TTSW, water deficit was more severe overall and the effect of row spacing on average FTSW was less pronounced. Changes in projected yields were estimated as a function of vine density and FTSW based on relationships published in the literature. Yields decreased with decreasing vine density and increasing water deficits, while production costs decreased with decreasing vine density. When the assumed revenue from grape sales was lower (1 €/kg), the effect of reduced production cost savings outweighed the loss in revenue caused by reduced yields, leading to increased gross profit per hectare. On the other hand, when higher grape revenue was assumed (3 €/kg), the effect of reduced yield on revenue outweighed the associated reduction in production costs, leading to reduced gross profit per hectare. Conclusions: Lower density, dry-farmed vineyards will experience less water deficit under warmer and drier climate conditions, although this difference is less pronounced in soils with less water holding capacity. When considering differences in yields, revenues, and production costs, lower density vineyards producing lower value grapes (1 €/kg) may also experience an associated increase in gross profit, while such vineyards producing higher value grapes (3 €/kg) might experience a decrease in gross profit. Significance and impact of the study: The implementation of dry-farmed, low density vineyards provides a sustainable solution for grape growing by reducing the need for irrigation water. It allows maintaining vineyards in very dry areas where water is not readily available for irrigation and where other crops (except possibly olive trees) cannot be grown. Modeling of yield, revenue, and production costs shows that this solution is also economically viable, particularly for vineyards producing lower value (€/kg) grapes. Unlike goblet trained bush vine, low density trellised vineyards are perfectly adapted for mechanization.
Published: 2019

19. Varietal responses to soil water deficit: first results from a common-garden vineyard near Bordeaux France

Author: Gregory A. Gambetta, Elisa Marguerit, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, Martina Haines, Philippe Pieri, Mark Gowdy, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, Vine, Phenology, food and beverages, Climate change, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Water balance, Agronomy, Yield (wine), Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Precipitation, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; In wine producing regions around the world, climate change has the potential to decrease the frequency and amount of precipitation and increase average and extreme temperatures. This will both lower soil water availability and increase evaporative demand in vineyards, thereby increasing soil water deficits and associated vine stress. Grapevines control their water status by regulating stomatal closure and other changes to internal plant hydraulics. These responses are complex and have not been clearly characterized across a wide range of different Vitis vinifera varieties. Understanding how vine water status responds to changes in soil water deficits and other variables will help growers modify vineyard design and management practices to meet their quality and yield objectives. Carbon isotope discrimination measurements of certain plant tissues have been shown to provide effective characterization of stomatal closure, while water potential measurements provide a well-proven measure of overall vine water status. Using replicated data collected from an experimental common-garden vineyard at the Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) near Bordeaux, France, this project will analyze the effects on carbon isotope discrimination across 39 varieties and water potential across eight varieties against estimates of soil water deficits made using a water balance model running on local meteorology and considering the phenology of each variety. Similar to the literature, preliminary analysis finds as soil water deficit increases, carbon isotope data suggests greater stomatal closure and water potential measurements indicate greater vine stress. For both parameters, analysis will be performed to distinguish any difference in these responses between varieties.
Published: 2018

20. Temperature-based zoning of the Bordeaux wine region

Author: Cornelis van Leeuwen, Etienne Saur, Benjamin Bois, Philippe Pieri, Jean-Pierre Gaudillère, Hervé Quénol, Daniel Joly, Dominique Guyon, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049) (ThéMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin [Villenave d'Ornon] (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France (Agreenium), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Conseil Interprofessionnel du Vin de Bordeaux., Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement (IGARUN), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), IAVFF AGREENIUM VERSAILLES FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: Bordeaux wine, Bordeaux wine region, viticultural zoning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Terrain, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, Cross-validation, 040501 horticulture, Weather station, lcsh:Agriculture, grapevine phenology, regression kriging, lcsh:Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Phenology, lcsh:S, temperature, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, lcsh:QK1-989, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Environmental science, Spatial variability, 0405 other agricultural sciences, Zoning, Food Science, Interpolation
Abstract: 16 pages; International audience; Temperature is a driving climate variable for grapevine development and grape ripening kinetics. The current study first reports interpolation of daily minimum and maximum temperature data by a weather station network from 2001 to 2005 in the Bordeaux (France) region by means of regression kriging using terrain, satellite and land-cover derived covariates. Second it analyses the interpolation procedure errors in agroclimatic indices by means of cross validation and then it compares the field observations of grapevine phenology to temperature-based predicted phenology applied to interpolated data. Finally it proposes a simple method to perform a zoning of Bordeaux vineyards based upon the spatialized prediction of the day on which grape sugar content reaches 200 g.L-1. The zoning performed shows large potential differences in grape maturity date (up to 20 days) induced by temperature spatial variability in a low relief area.
Published: 2018

21. Developmental, molecular and genetic studies on grapevine response to temperature open breeding strategies for adaptation to warming

Author: Yannick Sire, Charles Romieu, Hernán Ojeda, Patrice This, Jérémie Pillet, Markus Rienth, Fatma Lecourieux, Cléa Houel, Mélanie Veyret, Jean Pierre Péros, Loïc Le Cunff, Ratthaphon Chatbanyong, Catherine Roux, Antoine Bigard, Nathalie Luchaire, Anne Pellegrino, Philippe Pieri, David Lecourieux, Marc Farnos, Emmanuelle Zumstein, Rezth Shahood, Laurent Torregrosa, Bertrand Muller, Nicolas Saurin, Angélique Adivèze, Agnès Doligez, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Unité expérimentale de Pech-Rouge, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Fondation Jean Poupelain, Changins Haute Ecole de Viticulture et Oenologie, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin [Villenave d'Ornon] (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Géno-vigne® (UMT Géno-vigne®), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-2010-GENM-004-01, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité expérimentale de Pech-Rouge (PECH ROUGE), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-10-GENM-0004,DURAVITIS,Bases développementales, moléculaires et génétiques de l'adaptation de la vigne à la contrainte thermique.(2010), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Torregrosa, Laurent, Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées (UMR DIAPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne [AGAP] (DAAV), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Unité d'oenologie de Pech-Rouge (MONTP PECH ROUG UE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Vegetative reproduction, Berry, adaptation, 01 natural sciences, heat stress, Cutting, lcsh:Botany, Cultivar, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Vegetal Biology, genetic improvement, Ecology, biology, Global warming, food and beverages, Ripening, lcsh:QK1-989, Agricultural sciences, écophysiologie végétale, stress thermique, Vine, cartographie de qtl, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Horticulture, lcsh:Agriculture, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, analyse génomique, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, lcsh:S, temperature, 15. Life on land, Biotechnology, grapevine, 030104 developmental biology, adaptation au changement climatique, Adaptation, business, vigne, Biologie végétale, Sciences agricoles, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: Aim: In the long term, genetic improvement is one of the major strategies to support sustainable wine production in a changing climate. Over the past 5 years, we have developed an interdisciplinary research program that aimed to: i) characterize the impact of temperature increase sensed by the entire plant or individual bunches on the development and functioning of the plant, ii) identify the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating the response of vegetative and reproductive development to heat stress and iii) develop tools to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of plant and berry development in duly controlled, stable, and contrasting environmental conditions.Methods and results: Performing high-throughput genomic analyses combined with the use of innovative experimental designs (fruiting cuttings, microvines, single berry sampling) was critical to decipher the ecophysiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the vine response to high temperature.Conclusion: Warming promotes vegetative growth and hampers plant carbon balance, disturbing flower set and young berry development. High temperatures modify primary and secondary fruit metabolisms, desynchronizing sugar and organic acid metabolisms and delaying sugar and polyphenol accumulation during ripening. The study of day and night transcriptomic and proteomic signatures associated with heat highlighted key players of the response to temperature in the fruit. Significance and impact of the study: Capitalizing on this knowledge, a new program is being proposed for the selection of cultivars limiting the accumulation of sugars in the berry while maintaining other qualitative compounds.
Published: 2017

22. Process-based models for analysing grapevine genotype adaptation to climate change: issues and challenges

Author: Philippe Vivin, Eric Lebon, Zhanwu Dai, Eric Duchêne, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Elisa Marguerit, Aude Coupel-Ledru, Parker, Amber K., Anthony Peccoux, Junqi Zhu, Philippe Pieri, Thierry Simonneau, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Serge Delrot, Nathalie Ollat, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Lincoln University, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA). UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (1287)., and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, fungi, food and beverages, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: National audience; Process-based plant models are increasingly used in agricultural research over the last decades, and are undoubtedly interesting tools which allows quantifying plant responses to environmental factors within a mathematical framework. The purpose of theses approaches is to improve (i) understanding of key physiological processes that determine whole-plant behavior and fruit quality, and (ii) characterization of phenotypes plasticity. Environmental factors are often considered as model-driving variables, and plant- or genotype-specific coefficients are used to represent physiological characteristics. As a result, these models can offer significant advantages in assessing and predicting the effects of climate change as compared to purely statistical or rulebased ones based on previously collected data. More recently, process-based models combined to genetic approaches have also been shown to provide a relevant framework for analysing genetic diversity of complex traits and enhancing progress in plant breeding for various environments. Indeed if the models adequately describe the effects of the genetic variability in a few climatic scenarios, they can be extended to a much larger number of scenarios in order to evaluate the comparative advantage of a given allele in different hypothetical environments associated with climate change. Such an approach provides a way of overcoming the uncertainties associated with gene and environment context dependencies that currently impeded the progress of molecular breeding. Models integrating physiological processes and their genetic control will form the first step to design and test in silico plants for future environments. In grapes, modeling plant abiotic stress tolerance and fruit quality is still a challenging issue. An overview of the present knowledge and main process-based models in literature dealing with this topic will be presented. Models developed for phenology, plant drought response and berry sugar accumulation will be outlined. These models consist of simple responses curves for one trait or are able to simulate more complex physiological processes. Genetic parameters were defined and their variations among genotypes or segregating populations analysed. The potential use of such models to simulate ideotype behavior under future climatic conditions will also be discussed.
Published: 2016

23. Duravitis & VDQA programs open new breeding strategies for grapevine facing T° rises

Author: Laurent Torregrosa, Antoine Bigard, Agnes Doligez, David Lecourieux, Markus Rienth, Nathalie Luchaire, Philippe Pieri, Ratthaphon Chatbanyong, Rezk Shahood, Marc Farnos, Catherine Roux, Angelique Adiveze, Jérémy Pillet, Yannick Sire, Emmanuelle Zumstein, Mélanie Veyret, Loic Lecunff, Fatma Lecourieux, Nicolas Saurin, Bertrand Muller, Hernan Ojeda, Cléa Houel, Jean-Pierre Peros, Patrice This, Anne Pellegrino, Charles Romieu, ProdInra, Migration, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité expérimentale de Pech-Rouge (PECH ROUGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pôle Matériel Végétal, UMT Géno-Vigne, IFV Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Changement climatique, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Viticulture, Adaptation au changement climatique, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vigne, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2016

24. Modelling radiative balance in a row-crop canopy: Cross-row distribution of net radiation at the soil surface and energy available to clusters in a vineyard

Author: Philippe Pieri, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: Canopy, Earth's energy budget, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil science, Row crop, SOIL TEMPERATURE, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, CULTURE EN RANGÉE, MICROCLIMATE, Porosity, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, VINEYARD, ROW-CROP, VIEW FACTOR, SURFACE DU SOL, Ecological Modeling, ENERGY BALANCE, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Soil water, Available energy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, PLANTE SARCLÉE, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Row
Abstract: International audience; Distribution of energy at the soil surface in a row-crop influences mainly soil temperature and water content, and therefore root activity, nitrogen mineralization and within canopy air temperature, which all affect plant physiology. In the case of a vineyard, it is also closely related to the energy available to the berries and therefore most influential for fruit quality. The aim of this study was to develop a simplified model of available energy distribution at the soil surface and at the bottom of the rows, where most of the clusters are located. Such a model would be helpful for optimising some aspects of row-crop management like training system choice, row geometry, leaf area density, and soil surface maintenance practices. The model simulated radiation balance at the soil surface, split up into downward and upward short- and long-wave fluxes. Row shadows were calculated at any point of the inter-row space, in interaction with actual row geometry and simplified porosity distribution within row volume. All hemispheric radiations (long-wave and diffuse solar radiation) were calculated according to view factors between the row and soil surfaces. Input variables were therefore incoming solar radiation over the canopy, air temperatures near the row walls and soil surface temperatures. Parameters were row geometry, dimensions and porosities. The model was validated in a 7 years old Merlot vineyard in the Medoc area, by comparing model predictions to measured net radiation (Rns) at five positions above the inter-row soil surface. Along the row sampling was achieved by a moving device carrying the net-radiometers. Structure of the vegetation was kept constant during the experiment and gap fraction parameters were derived from pictures of shadows at the soil surface. Since Rns measurements are impracticable directly at the soil surface and horizontal distribution of Rns is heterogeneous, comparison was performed by calculating net radiation at the actual measurement height which was close to average cluster height. Model prediction agreed with field measurement in most conditions, which suggests that all short- and long-wave radiation fluxes, as well as interactions with the canopy structure, were well described. Rns, energy available to clusters, and soil surface temperature variations were all mainly driven by shading due to the rows. Coupling the model to soil heat transfer and convective fluxes to the atmosphere models will help forecasting soil temperature distribution at the surface and in depth as well as canopy microclimate. The model will also be an essential part of a more elaborate model of cluster microclimate, a key determinant of berry quality.
Published: 2010

25. La progresión de la yesca en Francia: factores e hipótesis que pueden explicarla

Author: Pascal Lecomte, Guillaume Darrieutort, Philippe Pieri, Marc FERMAUD, Patrice Rey, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (SAVE), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Maladie Du Bois De La Vigne, Progression Épidémique, Symptôme, Esca De La Vigne, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Vitis Vinifera, Pathologie Végétale, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vigne, France
Abstract: International audience; La Yesca es hoy la enfermedad de la madera la más preocupante en Francia. Su progreso desde el final del siglo XX, incluso antes de la prohibición de arsenito de sodio, fue tal que algunos la han considerado como una “enfermedad emergente”. Después de recordar los principales datos del Observatorio Nacional para evaluar la situación de las principales “Enfermedades de la Madera de la Vid” durante la última década, este artículo sugiere varias hipótesis que pueden explicar la progresión de este síndrome. Se complementa con una sección sobre los síntomas y la dinámica de su aparición, que no había sido revisado durante casi un siglo. Los resultados de las observaciones finas y regulares en viñedo en Francia o en el extranjero, dan lugar a una redefinición de los síntomas de la yesca y conducen a nuevas preguntas. Este texto está inspirado en gran parte de un artículo publicado en 2012 y presentado en una conferencia del AFPP (Asociación Francesa para la Protección de las Plantas).
Published: 2015

26. Les symptômes de l'Esca : résultats d'observations précises et régulières dans des parcelles très atteintes. Enseignements pour la recherche et la gestion de cette importante maladie de dépérissement de la vigne

Author: Diane Lecomte, Guillaume Darrieutort, Jean-Michel Liminana, Gwenaelle Comont, Argiñe Muruamendiaraz, Javier Legorburu, F., Choueiri, E., Jreijiri, F., El Amil, R., Philippe Pieri, Marc FERMAUD, ProdInra, Migration, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario [Derio] (NEIKER), Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2014

27. Esca de la vigne, ce que révèlent les symptômes si on les suit dans le temps

Author: Pascal Lecomte, Guillaume Darrieutort, Jean-Michel Liminana, Gwenaelle Comont, Argiñe Muruamendiaraz, Javier Legorburu, F., Choueiri, E., Jreijiri, F., El Amil, R., Philippe Pieri, Marc FERMAUD, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario [Derio] (NEIKER), Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: National audience; Travail Au cours de la dernière décennie, un suivi précis et régulier du développement des symptômes foliaires caractéristiques de l'esca (tigrés) a été réalisé, principalement en Bordelais mais aussi en Europe et sur le pourtour méditerranéen. Résultats Les résultats permettent de redéfinir les symptôme selon leur aspect, leur gravité et leur évolution. Les éléments nouveaux, par rapport aux descriptions précédentes, sont précisés. L'enquête a révélé que les dommages foliaires d'esca sont très fréquemment associés à un un dommage vasculaire singulier, peu décrit et peu étudié par le passé : une altération du bois externe, de couleur orangée, superficielle, longitudinale, plus ou moins large, située juste sous l'écorce et dans la continuité des symptômes foliaires. A suivre Ces observations soulèvent de nouvelles questions quant à l'étiologie de l'esca. Elles permettent d'envisager des pistes prometteuses de recherche et de lutte, notamment en introduisant le facteur plante dans la compréhension de ce pathosystème complexe, et en matière de gestion des trajets de sève par la taille.
Published: 2014

28. Symptomatologie de l’esca. Les enseignements de 10 années d’observations

Author: Pascal Lecomte, Guillaume Darrieutort, Jean-Michel Liminana, Gwenaelle Comont, Muruamendiaraz, A., Legorburu, F. J., Choueiri, E., Philippe Pieri, Marc FERMAUD, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario [Derio] (NEIKER), Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: National audience; La lutte contre l’esca, maladie de dépérissement de la vigne est devenue une priorité d’action pour la filière viticole. Mais pour pouvoir choisir une méthode appropriée de contrôle, il faut au préalable bien identifier l’étiologie de ce syndrome complexe et cela implique une connaissance précise des symptômes. De leur nature et de leur mode de développement en découlent des enseignements et des pistes prometteuses de recherche ou de lutte. Cet article résume plus de 10 ans d’expérience acquise par le centre INRA de Bordeaux en matière d’observations des symptômes d’esca
Published: 2014

29. Observations on the influence of vine covering by means of a transparent plastic sheet on berry ripening and wine quality (Saint-Emilion, 1995 and 1996)

Author: Ph. Guigal, Philippe Pieri, and Cornelis van Leeuwen
Subjects: Wine, Vine, grape composition, Microclimate, lcsh:S, Ripening, wine quality, Berry, Horticulture, yield, vine covering, lcsh:QK1-989, Crop, lcsh:Agriculture, Yield (wine), lcsh:Botany, Botany, Frost, Environmental science, plastic sheet, Botrytis level, Food Science
Abstract: Given the climat of the Bordeaux area, major climatic accidents can affect both the yield and the quality of the crop. Spring frost can destroy the future harvest, as happened in 1977 and 1991. Heavy rain in September can compromise a promising grape potential, evaluated at the end of August, and cause major Botrytis problems, as happened in 1963, 1965, 1968, and, more recently, in 1993. In this paper we discuss how soil and vine covering can contribute to avoid these problems. Vine covering, by means of a transparent plastic sheet, was experimented with in 1995 and 1996, between the end of March and early May, to reduce frost harm. In September of the same years, at the end of the ripening period, we studied the influence of soil covering (mentionned "BS") as well as soil and vine covering (mentionned as « BT ») on water status of the vines, microclimate, berry ripening and wine quality.In 1996, 14 p. cent of the buds were frozen in the control plot. No frost damage was noted underneath the plastic cover. In the same year, when most of our observations were made, supranormal rainfall in August preceeded the second period of soil and vine covering, carried out on 27th August. Under these conditions, we did not mesure any difference in vine water status until the harvest on the three plots. Microclimate was warmer and drier on the covered plots, especially underneath the over-vine cover.On the covered plots, yields were higher. In 1996, on BT, the vines carried more bunches, the bunches carried more berries and berry weight was higher. The control vines were significantly more affected by Botrytis compared to BS ; BT showed almost no rot. Berries on the covered plots showed a tendancy of having more sugar and total phenolics, and less malic acid. Separate microvinifications were done with 50 kg of grapes from each plot. Wine from BT was preferred over BS. Wine from the control plot was the least appreciated.
Published: 1998

30. Why climate change will not dramatically decrease viticultural suitability in main wine-producing areas by 2050

Author: Cornelis van Leeuwen, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Serge Delrot, Benjamin Bois, Hervé Quénol, Nathalie Ollat, Philippe Pieri, Eric Duchêne, Jean-Pascal Goutouly, Jean-Marc Touzard, Aureliano C. Malheiro, Hans R. Schultz, Luigi Bavaresco, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Hochschule Geisenheim University, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Unité mixte de recherche innovation, changement technique, apprentissage et coordination dans l'agriculture et l'agroalimentaire (UMR ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes (CNEARC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Research Centre for Viticulture, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne ( EGFV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of Grapevine, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin ( ISVV ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique ( LETG - Rennes ), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique ( LETG ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité mixte de recherche innovation, changement technique, apprentissage et coordination dans l'agriculture et l'agroalimentaire, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes ( CNEARC ) -Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes ( CIHEAM ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier ( ENSA M ), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin ( SVQV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Climate change, Wine, Time step, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Environmental protection, Vitis, Ecosystem, Letters, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Viticulture, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, business, Water use, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Hannah et al. (1) recently published a comprehensive study showing substantial impacts of climate change on viticultural suitability, leading to potential ecological issues. We agree that expansion of viticulture into new areas can lead to a decrease in biodiversity and that an increase in water use for irrigation might lead to major freshwater conservation impacts. However, we disagree with the alarming statement that suitability for winegrowing of main wine-producing areas worldwide will dramatically decrease over the next 40 y. We point out major methodological flaws in ref. 1, mostly linked to (i) the misuse of bibliographical data to compute suitability index, (ii) underestimation of adaptations of viticulture to warmer conditions, and (iii) the inadequacy of the monthly time step in the …
Published: 2013

31. Les activités agricoles

Author: Nadine Brisson, Beatrice Denoyes, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Jean-Pascal Goutouly, Marc Kleinhentz, Marie Launay, Richard Michalet, Nathalie Ollat, Philippe Pieri, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2013

32. Esca en France : progression et causes probables

Author: Pascal Lecomte, Guillaume Darrieutort, Philippe Pieri, Patrice Rey, Marc FERMAUD, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2013

33. L’esca en France : progression, causes probables et symptômes

Author: Pascal Lecomte, Guillaume Darrieutort, Philippe Pieri, Patrice Rey, Marc FERMAUD, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and Association Française de Protection des Plantes (AFPP). FRA.
Subjects: interaction plante pathogène, vitis vinifera, esca de la vigne, évolution de la maladie, taux de mortalite, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, eutypa, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, black dead arm, france
Abstract: National audience; L’esca est aujourd’hui la maladie du bois de la vigne la plus préoccupante en France. Selon les données obtenues par l'Observatoire National, sa progression a été constante de 2003 à 2008. Plusieurs hypothèses peuvent, individuellement ou conjointement, expliquer cette augmentation. Parmi elles, citons (i) l’interdiction de l’arsénite de soude en 2001, (ii) une décennie marquée par de fortes vagues de chaleur (2003, 2006) ou des sécheresses prolongées (2005, 2009, 2010), (iii) la qualité du matériel végétal et (iv) enfin les changements dans certaines pratiques viticoles. Au cours de la dernière décennie, un suivi basé sur l’apparition et le développement des symptômes foliaires a également été réalisé, principalement dans le Bordelais. Les résultats ont montré que les symptômes d’esca incluent des symptômes attribués par ailleurs au ‘black dead arm’. En Europe et sur le pourtour méditerranéen, les symptômes d’esca ont été très fréquemment associés à un désordre vasculaire très singulier: une lésion du bois externe, de couleur orangée, superficielle, longitudinale, plus ou moins large, située juste sous l’écorce et dans la continuité des symptômes foliaires. Ces observations soulèvent de nouvelles questions quant à l'étiologie de l'esca.
Published: 2012

34. Nested effects of berry half, berry and bunch microclimate on biochemical composition in grape

Author: Ghislaine Hilbert, Katharina Zott, Eric Gomès, Philippe Pieri, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Polyphénol, 0106 biological sciences, solar radiation, Microclimate, berry temperature, Berry, vineyard, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, 040501 horticulture, lcsh:Agriculture, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Botany, Botany, Biochemical composition, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vitis vinifera, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, lcsh:S, Ripening, Flavonoïde, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, anthocyanins, flavonols, lcsh:QK1-989, Linear relationship, Vitis Vinifera, chemistry, Baie de raisin, Anthocyanin, Échantillonnage, 0405 other agricultural sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: Aim: Polyphenol composition, an important component of grape quality, is strongly influenced by fruit microclimate. However, information relies exclusively on whole berry data and the underlying response functions to microenvironment variables remain essentially unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the biochemical composition of grapes at both bunch and berry scales, in relation with microclimate.Methods and results: Whole berries and berry halves were sampled in mature defoliated bunches from two neighboring Bordeaux vineyards with contrasting row orientations (Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot). Flavonoid and amino-acid contents were analyzed by HPLC methods. The main sources of variation were bunch azimuth, berry exposure and, only in South-exposed bunches, berry side. Models were used to estimate radiation at the berry surface and temperature. Intense effects of bunch side and berry side on total flavonol and anthocyanin concentrations were observed. These results were all consistent at both bunch and berry scales. However, the most intense effects were observed at berry scale and mitigated by scaling up from berry to bunch.Conclusion: Total flavonol concentrations in the berry skin exhibited a clear positive linear relationship with solar radiation. The large heterogeneity of composition at berry scale is consistent with the better known heterogeneity at bunch scale.Significance and impact of the study: Models and original response functions to microclimate could help optimize vineyard management and grape ripening.
Published: 2016

35. Esca development in France over the last decade

Author: Pascal Lecomte, Guillaume Darrieutort, Philippe Pieri, Patrice Rey, Marc FERMAUD, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Universitat de València (UV). Valencia, ESP., and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

36. Comparison of three operational tools for the assessment of vine water status: stem water potential , carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar and water balance

Author: Philippe Pieri, Philippe Vivin, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), and Serge Delrot, Hipólito Medrano, Etti Or, Luigi Bavaresco, Stella Grando
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hydrology, Wine, Vine, Chemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agricultural engineering, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Water balance, Yield (wine), Water uptake, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Sugar, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Yield, grape composition and wine sensory attributes tightly depend on vine water status. Hence, the measurement of vine water uptake is important for research purposes as well as for practical vineyard management. Many techniques have been developed over the past decades. Among them, three are of particular interest, because they are easy to implement, robust and because their utilization is complementary: stem water potential , carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar and water balance. The present chapter describes and compares these three methods . It also indicates in which situation each of them will be most useful for researchers and vineyard managers.
Published: 2010

37. Modelling radiative balance in a row-crop canopy: Row–soil surface net radiation partition

Author: Philippe Pieri, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: Earth's energy budget, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water flow, NET RADIATION, Row crop, ROW CROP, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, View factor, Physics::Geophysics, CULTURE EN RANGÉE, Thermal, Radiative transfer, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, VINEYARD, VIEW FACTOR, Ecology, SURFACE DU SOL, Ecological Modeling, ENERGY BALANCE, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Available energy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, PLANTE SARCLÉE, LEAF TEMPERATURE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Row crops like vineyards undergo various and significant manipulations of training system and cultural practices, which strongly influence the quality of products. Variations of water vapour fluxes from the soil surface and the leaves in the row volume are closely linked to the ratio of energy available to each compartment. A physically realistic model of available energy partition between the rows and the soil surface is therefore a key factor towards optimization of such systems, and must be included in canopy models. A number of available models were not directly validated. The purpose of the study was therefore to design a model of net radiation partition and check it directly. The model of net radiation partition between rows (Rnv), considered as a whole, and intervening soil surface (Rns) of a row-crop canopy was developed from physically realistic yet simple assumptions: - global solar (short wave) radiation partition was calculated by a previously validated geometric model; - long-wave radiative fluxes between the soil surface, the rows and the atmosphere were calculated from the corresponding view factors, which only depended on canopy geometry; - atmospheric radiation was estimated by a simple empirical relation based on air temperature as the only input variable; - air temperature in the vicinity of leaves replaced leaf surface temperatures as a more convenient input variable, with little loss of information. The input variables were incoming direct and diffuse solar radiation, soil surface mean temperature and air temperature near the leaves. The main parameters were soil and leaf albedos, row porosity and dimensions. A direct validation of the model was attempted by measuring net radiation above the canopy and at five positions above the soil surface in a vineyard of the Bordeaux area. The reliability of soil surface net radiation measurements was estimated by thorough error propagation analysis. When found significant, errors were corrected and finally soil surface net radiation data were corrected only for delay in direct downward solar radiation striking net radiometers, because canopy was discontinuous and height of net radiometers was not negligible compared to canopy height. In these conditions, model calculations were in agreement with measurements, although the model slightly underestimated Rns and therefore overestimated Rnv. As the mean error was about 20 W m −2 , and therefore compatible with instrument accuracy, the results were considered satisfactory. This available energy partition model is able to estimate radiative balance in various canopy systems and in various thermal environment conditions, leading to easier simulations of energy balance and water fluxes. It could therefore be a useful tool for optimizing row-crop canopies, taking fully into account any kind of present or future thermal environment.
Published: 2010

38. Viticultural agroclimatic cartography and zoning at mesoscale level using terrain information, remotely sensed data and weather station measurements. Case study of Bordeaux winegrowing area

Author: Benjamin Bois, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Philippe Pieri, Jean-Pierre Gaudillère, Etienne Saur, Daniel Joly, Lucien Wald, Didier Grimal, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés (TCEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049) (ThéMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), CEP/Sophia, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), DIRSO, Météo France, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne ( EGFV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés ( TCEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ), Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager ( ThéMA ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Énergétique et Procédés ( CEP ), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL ) -MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL )
Subjects: [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Climate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Zoning, Grapevine, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Bordeaux, GIS, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Climate is a key variable for grapevine development and berry ripening processes. At mesoscale level, climate spatial variations are often determined empirically, as weather station networks are generally not dense enough to account for local climate variations. In this study, climate spatial variations of Bordeaux winegrowing area were assessed by means of solar radiation cartography using satellite sensing and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) information, daily temperature interpolation using weather station and terrain information, spatialized rainfall using rain gauge data and kriging techniques. Temperature and solar radiation data were used to generate evapotranspiration maps at daily time step. Spatialized data was used to characterize the production potential of several zones of Bordeaux winegrowing areas, according to their agroclimatic characteristics. Temperature differences within Bordeaux vineyards induce considerable discrepancies in vine phenology, as is shown by means of a degree.day model. Solar radiation data and potential evapotranspiration are mostly governed by terrain characteristics (slope and aspect). Rainfall data spatial patterns indicate that the north-western part of Bordeaux vineyards is recurrently drier and the south-western receives higher rainfall amounts during the grapevine growing season. However, spatial distribution of summer rainfall events changes considerably from one year to another. The results of this study offer useful information to adapt grapevine cultivars and vineyard management to local climate.
Published: 2008

39. Estimating spatial and temporal variations in solar radiation within Bordeaux winegrowing region using remotely sensed data

Author: Maxime Christen, Loïc Commagnac, Philippe Chéry, Benjamin Bois, Philippe Pieri, Lucien Wald, Etienne Saur, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Jean-Pierre Gaudillère, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), CEP/Sophia, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés (TCEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Terrain, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, 040501 horticulture, lcsh:Agriculture, Water balance, BORDEAUX, remote sensing, VINEYARD ZONING, Kriging, lcsh:Botany, Solar radiation, cartography, Digital elevation model, Image resolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, 2. Zero hunger, ZONAGE VITICOLE, lcsh:S, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, lcsh:QK1-989, Bordeaux vineyards, Vitis vinifera, RAYONNEMENT GLOBAL, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0405 other agricultural sciences, Zoning, Food Science
Abstract: Aims: This paper presents a study of spatial and temporal variations in solar radiation for the Bordeaux winegrowing region, over a 20 year period (1986-2005).Methods and results: Solar radiation data was retrieved from the HelioClim-1 database, elaborated from Meteosat satellite images, using the Heliosat-2 algorithm. Daily data was interpolated using ordinary kriging to produce horizontal solar radiation maps at a 500 m resolution. Then using a digital elevation model, 50 m resolution daily solar radiation maps with terrain integration were produced for the period 2001-2005. The long term (20 year) analysis of solar radiation at low spatial resolution (500 m) showed a west to east decreasing gradient within the Bordeaux winegrowing region. Mean August-to-September daily irradiation values, on horizontal surface, were used to classify the Bordeaux winegrowing region into three zones: low, medium, and high solar radiation areas. This initial zoning was downscaled to 50 m resolution, applying a local correction ratio, based on 2001-2005 solar radiation from the inclined surface analysis. Grapevine development and maturation potential of the different zones of appellation of origin of Bordeaux winegrowing regions are discussed in relation with this zoning.Conclusion: Solar radiation variability within the Bordeaux winegrowing region is mainly governed by terrain slopes and orientations, which induce considerable variations within the eastern part of Bordeaux vineyards. Significance and impact of study: Solar radiation has a major impact on vineyard water balance, grapevine development and berry ripening. However, irradiation data is seldom available in weather stations records. This paper highlights the need for high resolution mapping of solar radiation that uses remote sensing and terrain effect integration for agroclimatic studies in viticulture.
Published: 2008

40. Protection integrée contre la pourriture grise de la vigne basée sur la simulation du risque épidémique

Author: Marc FERMAUD, Jean Roudet, Georges Froidefond, Philippe Pieri, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Oenologie (UMRO), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], BOTRYTIS CINEREA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2005

41. Development of a statistical model for predicting grey mould epidemics (Botrytis cinerea) on grapevine based on weather data

Author: Marc FERMAUD, Philippe Pieri, Dubos, B., Jean Roudet, Mimiague, F., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Oenologie (UMRO), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2004

42. Modelling the seasonal dynamics of the soil water balance of vineyards

Author: Eric Lebon, Vincent Dumas, Philippe Pieri, Hans R. Schultz, ProdInra, Migration, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, Unité d'agronomie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, Hydrology, Topsoil, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, Biology, Soil type, 01 natural sciences, Leaching model, Infiltration (hydrology), Water balance, Agronomy, Neutron probe, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, RELATION SOL PLANTE ATMOSPHERE, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Agronomy and Crop Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany, Transpiration
Abstract: A geometrical canopy model describing radiation absorption (Riou et al. 1989, Agronomie 9, 441–450) and partitioning between grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and soil was coupled to a soil water balance routine describing a bilinear change in relative transpiration rate as a function of the fraction of soil transpirable water (FTSW). The model was amended to account for changes in soil evaporation after precipitation events and subsequent dry-down of the top soil layer. It was tested on two experimental vineyards in the Alsace region, France, varying in soil type, water-holding capacity and rooting depth. Simulations were run over four seasons (1992–1993, 1995–1996) and compared with measurements of FTSW conducted with a neutron probe. For three out of four years, the model simulated the dynamics in seasonal soil water balance adequately. For the 1996 season soil water content was overestimated for one vineyard and underestimated for the other. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model responded strongly to changes in canopy parameters, and that soil evaporation was particularly sensitive to water storage of the top soil layer after rainfall. We found a close relationship between field-average soil water storage and pre-dawn water potential, a relationship which could be used to couple physiological models of growth and / or photosynthesis to the soil water dynamics.
Published: 2003

43. Botrytis et microclimat. Propagation de Botrytis cinerea dans les grappes de raisin en conditions climatiques contrôlées

Author: Marc FERMAUD, Philippe Pieri, Liminana, J. M., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2001

44. Propagation de Botrytis cinerea dans les grappes de raisin en conditions climatiques contrôlées

Author: Marc FERMAUD, Philippe Pieri, Liminana, J. M., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MYCOLOGIE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2000

45. Modeling temperature of ripening grape berries-calibration in controlled conditions

Author: Philippe Pieri, Marc FERMAUD, ProdInra, Migration, Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2000

46. Importance of different epidemiological stages of botrytis rot in the vineyard and role of the microclimate after veraison

Author: Marc FERMAUD, Philippe Pieri, ProdInra, Migration, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité de bioclimatologie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MYCOLOGIE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2000

47. Prévision du risque de pourriture grise de la vigne : optimiser la protection fongicide

Author: Marc FERMAUD, Georges Froidefond, Jean Roudet, Philippe Pieri, ProdInra, Migration, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience

48. Indices climatiques du risque de pourriture grise de la vigne en fin de saison

Author: Marc FERMAUD, Georges Froidefond, Liminana, J. M., Philippe Pieri, Mimiague, F., ProdInra, Migration, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Oenologie (UMRO), and École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience

49. Dynamique de la colonisation des grappes de raisin par Botrytis cinerea en fonction du microclimat - Etude en enceinte climatique

Author: Marc FERMAUD, Philippe Pieri, Liminana, J. M., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience

50. Indicateurs prévisionnels du risque épidémique de pourriture grise en fin de saison

Author: Marc FERMAUD, Georges Froidefond, Liminana, J. M., Philippe Pieri, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité d'agronomie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

57 results on '"Philippe Pieri"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources