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1. Direct Arm Energy Control of the Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter

Author: Milan Utvic, Philippe Bontemps, and Drazen Dujic
Subjects: Modular multilevel converter, modular multilevel matrix converter, energy control, hardware-in-the-loop, ac-ac power conversion, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract: Modular multilevel matrix converter is a type of converter used in medium-voltage ac-ac power conversion. Controlling the energy content of the converter arms is a prerequisite for a proper converter operation, and at the same time a challenging control task. So far, there are several approaches presented in the literature that successfully deal with the challenge. However, almost all of them fail when it comes to the simplicity of implementation, and ease of understanding by control engineers and researchers entering the field. This paper extends the direct arm energy control concept, already introduced for the class of modular multilevel converters, to the modular multilevel matrix converter. Presented control approach is characterized by an intuitive and simple implementation, ability to control the arm energies to arbitrary values, and stable operation under all operating conditions, including grid imbalances. Validity of the control concept was demonstrated using an in-house-developed hardware-in-the-loop simulator of the modular multilevel matrix converter, with control algorithms being deployed to the industrial-grade controller.
Published: 2023
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2. Radionuclide contamination in flood sediment deposits in the coastal rivers draining the main radioactive pollution plume of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (2011–2020)

Author: Rosalie Vandromme, Hugo Lepage, Yoshifumi Wakiyama, J. Patrick Laceby, Yuichi Onda, Atsushi Nakao, Olivier Evrard, Caroline Chartin, Olivier Cerdan, Hugo Jaegler, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institute of Environmental Radioactivity of Fukushima University (IER), Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire d'expertise, de radiochimie et de chimie analytique (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LERCA), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), MITATE lab, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Environmental Radioactivity - Fukushima University (IER), Fukushima University [Fukushima, Japan], PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SAME/LERCA, and MITATE Lab
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Radionuclide contamination, GE1-350, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Radionuclide, QE1-996.5, Flood myth, Radioactive waste, Sediment, Geology, Plume, Current (stream), Environmental sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: Artificial radionuclides including radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) and radiosilver (110mAg) were released into the environment following the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident in March 2011. These particle-bound substances deposited on soils of north-eastern Japan, located predominantly within a ∼3000 km2 radioactive fallout plume and drained by several coastal rivers to the Pacific Ocean. The current dataset (Evrard et al., 2021), which can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928594, compiles gamma-emitting artificial radionuclide activities measured in 782 sediment samples collected from 27 to 71 locations across catchments draining ∼6450 km2 during 16 fieldwork campaigns. These campaigns were conducted in Japan between November 2011 and November 2020 in river catchments draining the main radioactive plume. This database may be useful to evaluate and anticipate the post-accidental redistribution of radionuclides in the environment and for the spatial validation of models simulating the transfer of radiocesium across continental landscapes.
Published: 2021
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3. Investigating the source of radiocesium contaminated sediment in two Fukushima coastal catchments with sediment tracing techniques

Author: Sophie Ayrault, Philippe Bonté, Olivier Evrard, Irène Lefèvre, Yuichi Onda, Jean-Louis Joron, Hugo Lepage, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Coastal plain, Drainage basin, Sediment, Soil classification, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, Soil type, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Deposition (geology), 13. Climate action, Soil water, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Alluvium, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident resulted in the fallout of significant quantities of radiocesium. After deposition on the soil surface, rainfall and spring flood events transfer radiocesium downstream. Identifying the source of contaminated sediment is important for managing potential downstream radiocesium contamination. Soil (n = 37) and sediment (n = 211) were sampled from November 2011 to May 2014 in the Mano and the Niida coastal catchments. Two sediment fingerprinting approaches quantified the source of radiocesium contaminated sediment. First, cesium-137 activities in surface soil and sediment samples were modelled to determine the contribution of upstream, more contaminated areas, to sediment transiting the more densely populated coastal plain. Second, elemental geochemistry of three major soil types (zs, Cambisols and Fluvisols) was used to model the relative contribution of these soils to sediment sampled throughout the catchments. In the Niida catchment, 47% (σ 19%) of sediment sampled in the coastal plain was modelled to be derived from the upstream area whereas, it was only 19% (σ 19%) in the Mano catchment. The main factor driving this difference is the presence of a large dam on the main stem of the Mano River. Geochemical modelling results indicated that Fluvisols, an alluvial soil type on which paddy fields are typically cultivated, supply the majority of sediment (μ 76, σ 14%). The results confirm that the management of dams is fundamental to radiocesium migration. Moreover, this research indicates that Fluvisols and concomitantly, rice paddies on this soil type, supply a disproportionate amount of sediment. Managing sediment derived from Fluvisols, while incorporating potential impacts from major dams, should help mitigate the downstream migration of radiocesium contaminated sediment.
Published: 2016
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4. Tracking the origin and dispersion of contaminated sediments transported by rivers draining the Fukushima radioactive contaminant plume

Author: Yuichi Onda, Hugo Lepage, Ayrault Sophie, Olivier Evrard, Caroline Chartin, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, enrichment factor, radio-caesium, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, soil, Spring (hydrology), [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Fukushima, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Sediment, General Medicine, erosion, 6. Clean water, Plume, lcsh:Geology, sediment, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil water, Erosion, Enrichment factor, Geology
Abstract: This study was conducted in several catchments draining the main Fukushima Dai-ichi Power Plant contaminant plume in Fukushima prefecture, Japan. We collected soils and sediment drape deposits (n = 128) and investigated the variation in 137Cs enrichment during five sampling campaigns, conducted every six months, which typically occurred after intense erosive events such as typhoons and snowmelt. We show that upstream contaminated soils are eroded during summer typhoons (June–October) before being exported during the spring snowmelt (March–April). However, this seasonal cycle of sediment dispersion is further complicated by the occurrence of dam releases that may discharge large amounts of contaminants to the coastal plains during the coming years.
Published: 2015
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5. Fonctionnement hydrosédimentologique du lac Débo

Author: Philippe Bonté, Didier Orange, and Samuel Diarra
Published: 2017
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6. Un exemple de trajectoire environnementale: la contamination métallique de la Seine, la Spree, la Senne et le Lambro (1950-2010)

Author: Michel Meybeck, Laurence Lestel, Karin Winklhofer, Luigi Viganò, Olivier Evrard, and Philippe Bonté
Subjects: metalli in tracce, carote di sedimento, antropizzazione, qualità ambiente fluviale
Abstract: Confronto dell'andamento temporale della contaminazione da metalli in tracce nei bacini fluviali di quattro importanti città Europee: Berlino, Bruxells, Milano e Parigi. Lo studio ricostruisce l'andamento di tale contaminazione grazie all'analisi di carote di sedimento prelevate dal letto dei fiumi che attraversando le quattro città hanno subito le drammatiche conseguenze ambientali dello sviluppo urbano e industriale degli ultimi decenni.
Published: 2017

7. Quantifying the resuspension of sediment and associated metallic contaminants with fallout radionuclide measurements in a channelized river draining an industrial catchment

Author: Vasilica Nan-Hammade, Claire Alary, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Mathilde Zebracki, Olivier Evrard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 (LGCgE), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre for Materials and Processes (CERI MP - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre for Materials and Processes (CERI MP), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai)
Subjects: Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, media_common.quotation_subject, Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Deposition (geology), Panoply, Water column, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, media_common, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, Sedimentation, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Environmental science, Water quality
Abstract: Contamination of river sediment reaches problematic levels in industrialised regions. This study investigates the relevance of using beryllium-7 (7Be), a short-lived environmental radionuclide (53 days half-life), for quantifying the deposition and resuspension of sediment and associated metallic contaminants in a heavily polluted channelized river of Northern France (The Lower Scarpe River). Activities in 7Be were measured in bed and suspended sediments collected each month over a hydrological year. Suspended sediments were analysed for metal contents (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu). The determination of short-term sediment dynamics is based on the variation of total 7Be inventory between two successive samplings. Total inventory of 7Be consists of two components, i.e., the residual inventory and the new inventory. Inventories of 7Be in sediment varied from 1 to 135 mBq cm−2. Observed spatial and temporal variations reflected the dynamic behaviour of sediment in the studied channel section. The succession of sediment deposition and resuspension periods was demonstrated during the study, with maximum deposition and erosion rates of 0.3 ± 0.2 and −0.46 ± 0.05 g cm−2 month−1, respectively. A sediment resuspension rate of 0.06 g cm−2 month−1 supplied to the water column a flux of 12, 13, 23 and 145 μg cm−2 month−1 of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively. During this 15-month study, 28 to 50 % of Pb that was deposited in the riverbed sediment was resuspended, thereby contributing to the (short term) degradation of water quality. The present work provides a useful tool for examining the role of sediment as a sink or source of contamination for the water column. It produces knowledge of how sediment processes affect the fate and the transport of contaminants and the implications for future downstream fluxes.
Published: 2016
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8. Tracing sediment sources in a tropical highland catchment of central Mexico by using conventional and alternative fingerprinting methods

Author: Jérôme Poulenard, Clément Duvert, Christian Prat, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Sophie Ayrault, Julien Némery, Nicolas Gratiot, Olivier Evrard, and Michel Esteves
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Erosion control, Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Andisol, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Siltation, Streamflow, Soil water, Surface runoff, Sediment transport, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Land degradation is intense in tropical regions where it causes for instance a decline in soil fertility and reservoir siltation. Two fingerprinting approaches (i.e. the conventional approach based on radionuclide and geochemical concentrations and the alternative diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy method) were conducted independently to outline the sources delivering sediment to the river network draining into the Cointzio reservoir, in Mexican tropical highlands. This study was conducted between May and October in 2009 in subcatchments representative of the different environments supplying sediment to the river network. Overall, Cointzio catchment is characterized by very altered soils and the dominance of Andisols and Acrisols. Both fingerprinting methods provided very similar results regarding the origin of sediment in Huertitas subcatchment (dominated by Acrisols) where the bulk of sediment was supplied by gullies. In contrast, in La Cortina subcatchment dominated by Andisols, the bulk of sediment was supplied by cropland. Sediment originating from Potrerillos subcatchment characterized by a mix of Acrisols and Andisols was supplied in variable proportions by both gullies and rangeland/cropland. In this latter subcatchment, results provided by both fingerprinting methods were very variable. Our results outline the need to take the organic carbon content of soils into account and the difficulty to use geochemical properties to fingerprint sediment in very altered volcanic catchments. However, combining our fingerprinting results with sediment export data provided a way of prioritizing the implementation of erosion control measures to mitigate sediment supply to the Cointzio reservoir supplying drinking water to Morelia city. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2012
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9. Lead contamination of the Seine River, France: Geochemical implications of a historical perspective

Author: Marie Françoise Le Cloarec, Philippe Bonté, Sophie Ayrault, Christa Göpel, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Cindy Rianti Priadi, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work has been made possible thanks to funding from the Piren-Seine 569 programme coordinated by J.-M. Mouchel., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Pollution, Paris, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Drainage basin, industrial lead, 010501 environmental sciences, History, 21st Century, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes, Rivers, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, River mouth, Environmental Chemistry, Broken Hill, isotope, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Weather, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Lead (sea ice), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental engineering, Sediment, Seine, General Medicine, General Chemistry, History, 20th Century, Contamination, urban lead, 6. Clean water, Isotopic composition, Lead, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Waste water treatment plant, Environmental science, France, Rio 38 Tinto, Gasoline, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: International audience; Four sediment cores collected in the Seine River basin and dated between 1916 and 2003 were analyzed for lead concentrations and isotopic composition. In all four cores, the measured Pb concentration (up to 460 mg kg$^{-1}$) lies significantly above the natural background (27–40 mg kg$^{-1}$), although a significant decrease (down to 75 mg kg$^{-1}$) was observed during the second half of the 20th century which can be explained by the reduction of lead emissions. The $^{206}$Pb/$^{207}$Pb ratio measured in these samples indicates that the main source of Pb used in the Paris conurbation is characterized by a “Rio Tinto” signature (defined as $^{206}$Pb/$^{207}$Pb = 1.1634 $\pm$ 0.0001). A high contribution, up to 25%, from the leaded gasoline (characterized by 206Pb/207Pb = 1.08 $\pm$ 0.02) is revealed in the Seine River downstream Paris, indicating that lead from the leaded gasoline is preferentially released to the river.The dominating Pb signature in the Paris conurbation that is currently sampled through incinerators fumes (206Pb/207Pb = 1.1550 $\pm$ 0.0005) and waste water treatment plant ($^{206}$Pb/$^{207}$Pb = 1.154 $\pm$ 0.002), represents a mixture of highly recycled lead from the Rio Tinto mine and lead from leaded gasoline (imprinted by the low 206Pb/207Pb of the Broken Hill mine). This signature is called “urban” rather than “industrial”, because it is clearly distinct from the Pb that is found in areas contaminated by heavy industry, i.e. the heavy industries located on the Oise River which used lead from European ores characterized by high $^{206}$Pb/$^{207}$Pb ratios ($\sim$1.18–1.19) and possibly a minor amount of North American lead ($^{206}$Pb/$^{207}$Pb ratios > 1.20). The “urban” signature is also found in a rural area upstream of Paris in the 1970’s. At the Seine River mouth in 2003, Pb with an urban signature represents 70% of the total Pb sediment content, with the 30% remaining corresponding to natural Pb.
Published: 2012
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10. Temporal variability of suspended sediment sources in an alpine catchment combining river/rainfall monitoring and sediment fingerprinting

Author: Ainhoa Mate-Marin, Julien Némery, Olivier Evrard, Cédric Legout, Alain Poirel, Mehdi Ahmadi, Oldrich Navratil, Sophie Ayrault, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, and Michel Esteves
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, 0207 environmental engineering, Drainage basin, Sediment, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Substrate (marine biology), 13. Climate action, Marl, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Erosion, Wash load, 020701 environmental engineering, Quaternary, Sedimentary budget, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Influence of the rainfall regime on erosion and transfer of suspended sediment in a 905‐km$^2$ mountainous catchment of the southern French Alps was investigated by combining sediment monitoring, rainfall data, and sediment fingerprinting (based on geochemistry and radionuclide concentrations). Suspended sediment yields were monitored between October 2007 and December 2009 in four subcatchments (22–713 km$^2$. Automatic sediment sampling was triggered during floods to trace the sediment origin in the catchment. Sediment exports at the river catchment outlet (330 $\pm$ 100 t km$^{‐2}$ yr$^{‐1}$) were mainly driven (80%) by widespread rainfall events (long duration, low intensities). In contrast, heavy, local and short duration storms, generated high peak discharges and suspended sediment concentrations in small upstream torrents. However, these upstream floods had generally not the capacity to transfer the sediment down to the catchment outlet and the bulk of this fine sediment deposited along downstream sections of the river. This study also confirmed the important contribution of black marls (up to 70%) to sediment transported in rivers, although this substrate only occupies c . 10% of the total catchment surface. Sediment exports generated by local convective storms varied significantly at both intra‐ and inter‐flood scales, because of spatial heterogeneity of rainfall. However, black marls/marly limestones contribution remained systematically high. In contrast, widespread flood events that generate the bulk of annual sediment supply at the outlet were characterized by a more stable lithologic composition and by a larger contribution of limestones/marls, Quaternary deposits and conglomerates, which corroborates the results of a previous sediment fingerprinting study conducted on riverbed sediment.
Published: 2012
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11. Combining suspended sediment monitoring and fingerprinting to determine the spatial origin of fine sediment in a mountainous river catchment

Author: Cédric Legout, Sophie Ayrault, Oldrich Navratil, Olivier Evrard, Michel Esteves, Julien Némery, Mehdi Ahmadi, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, and Alain Poirel
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Drainage basin, Sediment, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Siltation, Streamflow, Marl, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Erosion, Quaternary, Sedimentary budget, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: An excess of fine sediment (grain size
Published: 2011
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12. Distribution of 7Be, 210Pb and 137Cs in watersheds of different scales in the Seine River basin: Inventories and residence times

Author: Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Steven Colbert, Marie-Françoise Le Cloarec, and Jean-Marie Mouchel
Subjects: Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Time Factors, Environmental Engineering, Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, Residence time (fluid dynamics), 01 natural sciences, Flux (metallurgy), Rivers, Radiation Monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Radionuclide, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sampling (statistics), Lead Radioisotopes, Orders of magnitude (volume), Pollution, 6. Clean water, Cesium Radioisotopes, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Beryllium, France
Abstract: The activity of environmental radionuclides ( 7 Be, 210 Pb and 137 Cs) was monitored in nested catchments, inside the Seine River basin. Suspended matter data was collected at 8 different watersheds, ranging from order 1 to order 7, and ranging in size over 4 orders of magnitude. Suspended matter was analyzed for 210 Pb, 137 Cs and 7 Be, and used to calculate the flux of sediments out of each watershed. Monthly atmospheric flux data of 210 Pb and 7 Be was analyzed to assess the input flux of each into the watersheds, taking into account the rainfall during sampling periods. Taking advantage of the different half-lives of 7 Be (53 days) and 210 Pb (22 years), a two-box model was built for each of the catchments following a methodology previously developed by Dominik et al. [Dominik J, Burrus D, Vernet JP. Transport of the environmental radionuclides in alpine watershed. Earth Planet Sci Letters 1987; 84: 165–180.]. The model divides the watershed into a soil box and a rapid reservoir and provides insight into the removal rate of suspended matter from the surrounding watershed. The model enables the assessment of the surface area and the residence time of slow and rapid reservoirs to describe the fate of contaminants of atmospheric origin inside the river basin. The model was improved by considering the dissolved fraction in the total flux and adding the 137 Cs inventory as an additional constraint. The effects of these changes are discussed. Residence times in the soil box, characterized by low transport velocity, range between 4800 years at Melarchez (order 1) to about 30 000 years at Andresy and Poses (order 7). They remain constant in each watershed over a large range of variation of atmospheric fluxes of 7 Be and 210 Pb during the whole study, but are sensitive to SM variations. The residence time in the rapid box, which includes the surface of the river and immediate surroundings, is less than one year, while its surface area is in the range 0.6% to 2.2% of the total catchment area. They are sensitive to 7 Be atmospheric flux variations. The two-box model was used to estimate the amount of the radionuclides in each reservoir. Inventories appear to be constant from one watershed to the next. The 7 Be inventory ratio in the rapid and slow boxes expresses the rate of particle-reactive atmospheric pollutants that will be rapidly delivered to the river.
Published: 2007
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13. Temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants in dated sediment cores: Chemical fingerprinting of the anthropogenic impacts in the Seine River basin, Paris

Author: Catherine Lorgeoux, Johnny Gasperi, Bruno Tassin, Sophie Ayrault, Régis Moilleron, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), laboratoire Eau, Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Projet PIREN-Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Laboratoire Eau, Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Paris, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Hazardous Substances, Rivers, 11. Sustainability, Environmental monitoring, Water Pollution, Chemical, Environmental Chemistry, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Urbanization, OSPAR Convention, Sediment, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Physical geography, Chemical fingerprinting, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were extensively produced and used throughout the last century. In the early 1980s, a rising concern on the environmental impact of these chemicals has led to the establishment of regulations and changes of use including bans. Long term monitoring of the environmental impacts of these emissions and regulations is a challenge because regular monitoring was not mandatory at the beginning of the first emissions. Moreover, the analytical methods have been strongly improved over the decades. To overcome the lack of monitoring and accurate data, sediment cores are powerful tools to construct contamination records. In this study, a high resolution record was constructed for four POPs families (13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 15 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 alkylphenols (APs) and 8 polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) to establish their historical trends in a long-term urbanized and industrialized environment: the Seine River basin, France. These specific families were selected because they had different sources, uses and histories. The results showed concentrations up to 90mg/kg for ∑PAHs, 2.3mg/kg for ∑PCB, 1.2mg/kg for ∑APs and 0.06mg/kg for ∑PBDE. The vertical distribution profiles were different from one family to another and presented a good correlation with uses (e.g. transition from coal to natural gas for PAHs), and regulation implementation (e.g., AP ban after "OSPAR Convention" in 1992). The study of compounds distribution provided original information on sources, e.g. temporal variations in PAH uses. This study demonstrates the usefulness and accuracy of sedimentary archives in floodplain to assess the fate of POPs through time in continental hydrosystems. These first results give a comprehensive overview of the contamination in the Seine River basin downstream of Paris Megacity. They were in good agreement with previous studies dedicated to European areas and highlighted specificities of this basin that were not reported before.
Published: 2015
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14. Novel Insights into Fukushima Nuclear Accident from Isotopic Evidence of Plutonium Spread along Coastal Rivers

Author: Amélie Hubert, Sophie Ayrault, Yuichi Onda, Caroline Chartin, Fabien Pointurier, Anne-Claire Pottin, Hugo Lepage, Philippe Bonté, J. Patrick Laceby, Irène Lefèvre, Olivier Evrard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), CEA (Direction des Relations Internationales) and UVSQ (Bonus de Qualité Internationale) grants., ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Radioactive Fallout, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Pacific ocean, Japan, Rivers, Radiation Monitoring, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radioisotopes, Radionuclide, Pacific Ocean, Isotope, Radiochemistry, Sediment, General Chemistry, Plutonium, 0104 chemical sciences, Plume, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Global distribution, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Nuclear Power Plants, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident led to important releases of radionuclides into the environment, and trace levels of plutonium (Pu) were detected in northeastern Japan. However, measurement of Pu isotopic atom and activity ratios is required to differentiate between the contributions of global nuclear test fallout and FDNPP emissions. In this study, we used a double-focusing sector field ICP-MS to measure Pu atom and activity ratios in recently deposited sediment along rivers draining the most contaminated part of the inland radioactive plume. Results showed that plutonium isotopes (i.e., 239 Pu, 240 Pu, 241 Pu, and 242 Pu) were detected in all samples, although in extremely low concentrations. The 241 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios measured in sediment deposits (0.0017-0.0884) were significantly higher than the corresponding values attributed to the global fallout (0.00113±0.00008 on average for the Northern Hemisphere between 31°-71°N, Kelley, J.M.; Bond, L.A.; Beasley, T.M., Global distribution of Pu isotopes and 237 Np, Sci. Total. Env., 1999, 237/238, 483-500). The results indicated the presence of Pu from FDNPP, in slight excess compared to the Pu background from global fallout that represented up to ca. 60% of Pu in the analyzed samples. These results demonstrate that this radionuclide has been transported relatively long distances (∼45 km) from FDNPP and been deposited in rivers representing a potential source of Pu to the ocean. In future, the high 241 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio of the Fukushima accident sourced-Pu should be measured to quantify the supply of continental-originating material from Fukushima Prefecture to the Pacific Ocean.
Published: 2014
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15. Remanence of lead pollution in an urban river system : a multi-scale temporal and spatial study in the Seine River basin, France

Author: Matthieu Roy-Barman, Philippe Bonté, Olivier Evrard, Cindy Rianti Priadi, P. Le Pape, Sophie Ayrault, Cécile Quantin, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ISIS EGIS EAU Indonésie, Université de Bandung, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Paris, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Drainage basin, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Rivers, Urbanization, Water Pollution, Chemical, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Industry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, General Medicine, Particulates, Contamination, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Current (stream), Lead, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Combined sewer, Particulate Matter, France, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Total lead (Pb) concentration and Pb isotopic ratio ((206)Pb/(20)7Pb) were determined in 140 samples from the Seine River basin (France), covering a period of time from 1945 to 2011 and including bed sediments (bulk and size fractionated samples), suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediment cores, and combined sewer overflow (CSO) particulate matter to constrain the spatial and temporal variability of the lead sources at the scale of the contaminated Seine River basin. A focus on the Orge River subcatchment, which exhibits a contrasted land-use pattern, allows documenting the relation between hydrodynamics, urbanization, and contamination sources. The study reveals that the Pb contamination due to leaded gasoline that peaked in the 1980s has a very limited impact in the river nowadays. In the upstream Seine River, the isotopic ratio analysis suggests a pervasive contamination which origin (coal combustion and/or gasoline lead) should be clarified. The current SPM contamination trend follows the urbanization/industrialization spatial trend. Downstream of Paris, the lead from historical use originating from the Rio Tinto mine, Spain ((206)Pb/(207)Pb = 1.1634 ± 0.0001) is the major Pb source. The analysis of the bed sediments (bulk and grain size fractionated) highlights the diversity of the anthropogenic lead sources in relation with the diversity of the human activities that occurred in this basin over the years. The "urban" source, defined by waste waters including the CSO samples ((206)Pb/(207)Pb = 1.157 ± 0.003), results of a thorough mixing of leaded gasoline with "historical" lead over the years. Finally, a contamination mixing scheme related to hydrodynamics is proposed.
Published: 2014
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16. Evolution of radioactive dose rates in fresh sediment deposits along coastal rivers draining Fukushima contamination plume

Author: Hugo Lepage, Olivier Evrard, Catherine Ottlé, Jeremy Patin, Yuichi Onda, Sophie Ayrault, Caroline Chartin, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), CEA (Direction des Relations Internationales) and UVSQ (Bonus de Qualité Internationale) grants., ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Coastal plain, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Article, Japan, Rivers, Radiation Monitoring, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Radioisotopes, geography, Radionuclide, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geography, Sediment, Contamination, 6. Clean water, Plume, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Radiation monitoring, Radioactive Pollutants
Abstract: International audience; Measurement of radioactive dose rates in fine sediment that has recently deposited on channel bed-sand provides a solution to address the lack of continuous river monitoring in Fukushima Prefecture after Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident. We show that coastal rivers of Eastern Fukushima Prefecture were rapidly supplied with sediment contaminated by radionuclides originating from inland mountain ranges, and that this contaminated material was partly exported by typhoons to the coastal plains as soon as by November 2011. This export was amplified during snowmelt and typhoons in 2012. In 2013, contamination levels measured in sediment found in the upper parts of the catchments were almost systematically lower than the ones measured in nearby soils, whereas their contamination was higher in the coastal plains. We thereby suggest that storage of contaminated sediment in reservoirs and in coastal sections of the river channels now represents the most crucial issue.
Published: 2013
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17. Tracking the early dispersion of contaminated sediment along rivers draining the Fukushima radioactive pollution plume

Author: Sophie Ayrault, Olivier Evrard, Philippe Bonté, Yuichi Onda, Irène Lefèvre, Caroline Chartin, Hugo Lepage, Jeremy Patin, Catherine Ottlé, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), LSCE (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement) contribution No.X. SPOT-Image and the French national CNES-ISIS (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Incentive for the Scientific use of Images from the SPOT system) program are also acknowledged for providing the SPOT data, ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, contamination, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Radionuclide, geography.geographical_feature_category, river catchments, Ecology, Sediment, 15. Life on land, erosion, sediment, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Sediment transport, transfer, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion and subsequent sediment transport in rivers play a major role in the global biogeochemical cycles and on the dispersion of contaminants within the natural environment. As other particle-borne pollutants, fallout radionuclides emitted after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident are strongly sorbed by fine particles, and they are therefore likely to be redistributed by hydro-sedimentary processes across catchments. Although regrettable, the Fukushima catastrophe and the associated massive radionuclide release provide a unique opportunity to track the dispersion of sediment in catchments exposed to typhoons and to better understand the anthropogenic impacts on particle-borne transfers within the natural environment. Fieldwork around FDNPP and subsequent lab work on Fukushima samples required the compliance with very demanding radioprotection and security rules. Here, we collected exposed riverbed sediment (n=162) along rivers and in reservoirs draining the catchments contaminated by the main radioactive pollution plume that extends across Fukushima Prefecture in November 2011, April 2012 and November 2012. We measured their gamma emitting radionuclide activities and compared them to the documented surveys in nearby soils. We show that the 110mAg: 137 Cs ratio provided a tracer of the dispersion of contaminated sediment in one specific catchment draining the most contaminated area. Our results demonstrate that the system was very reactive to the succession of summer typhoons and spring snowmelt. We identified a partial export of contaminated sediment from inland mountain ranges – exposed initially to the highest radionuclide fallout – to the coastal plains as soon as in November 2011, after a series of violent typhoons. This export was amplified by the spring snowmelt, and remaining contaminated material temporarily stored in the river channel was flushed by the typhoons that occurred during summer in 2012. This catchment behaviour characterized by the high transmissivity of paddy fields strongly connected to the river network in upland mountain ranges and the potential storage in the coastal plains that are successively filled with contaminated sediment and then flushed was illustrated by the calculation of an index of hydro sedimentary connectivity and the construction of river longitudinal profiles. We thereby suggest that coastal rivers have become a perennial supply of contaminated sediment to the Pacific Ocean. Our findings show that Fukushima accident produced original tracers to monitor particle borne transfers across the affected area shortly after the catastrophe. Furthermore, we outlined that this accident generated a distinct geological record that will be useful for sediment dating behind reservoirs in Japan during the next decades.
Published: 2013
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18. Long-term soil carbon loss and accumulation in a catchment following the conversion of forest to arable land in northern Laos

Author: Pascal Podwojewski, Oloth Sengtaheuanghoung, Henri Robain, Anneke de Rouw, Cyril Girardin, Sylvain Huon, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Yann Le Troquer, Christian Valentin, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RESISTIVITE, Wetland, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, SEDIMENT, 01 natural sciences, Swamp, Shifting cultivation, ALTITUDE, Deforestation, DEGRADATION DU SOL, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE, TOMOGRAPHIE, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Total organic carbon, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, RIZICULTURE, JACHERE, CARBONE ORGANIQUE, BASSIN VERSANT, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, PENTE, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, BRULIS, Animal Science and Zoology, EROSION HYDRIQUE, DEFORESTATION, Arable land, Agronomy and Crop Science, VARIATION PLURIANNUELLE, ZONE DE MONTAGNE
Abstract: Quantifying the magnitude of soil organic carbon loss linked to the conversion of forest to arable land in tropical environments requires long-term estimates of soil redistribution trends within the catchment. In order to assess the cumulative soil carbon loss that occurred since deforestation and cropping started in 1967, a multidisciplinary study was carried out in a small catchment (67 ha) with a swamp area in its middle part, characterized by steep slopes under shifting cultivation of upland rice, typical for northern Laos's landscapes. Using 137Cs and total organic carbon (TOC) inventories, it was possible to estimate a soil TOC depletion rate of 0.039 kgC m−2 yr−1 in 42 years (1963–2005), corresponding to ca. 21% of its initial content in the top 10 cm. Because farmers preferred clearing more fertile soils located downhill and leave forest on poorer soils on the crests, the redistribution of 137Cs and TOC along slopes of the catchment was mainly controlled by the topographic position of soils and the cultivation frequency. Estimates of soil TOC accumulation in wetlands with δ13C measurements and sediment volumes by electrical resistivity tomography showed that TOC accumulation rates were linked to land use change since the 1960s with three successive periods corresponding to undisturbed forest, deforestation-first rice crop and rice-fallow rotations. Forest clearing triggered a higher soil TOC delivery to the swamp (19.6 ± 5.5 kgC ha−1 yr−1) over 8 years (1967–1975) than the former undisturbed forest (8.5 ± 1.8 kgC ha−1 yr−1) and crop-fallow rotations over 30 years (1975–2005, 6.4 ± 4.8 kgC ha−1 yr−1). Due to the small size of the area covered by the swamp, only a limited fraction of eroded soil organic carbon (ca. 7 wt.%) was stored in wetlands of the catchment. Mineralization apparently played a key role for soil TOC depletion since first forest clearing.
Published: 2013
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19. Occurrence, Sources and Pathways of Antimony and Silver in an Urban Catchment

Author: Sophie Ayrault, Cindy Rianti Priadi, Pierre Le Pape, and Philippe Bonté
Subjects: Contaminated soils, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Drainage basin, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux (metallurgy), Antimony, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Erosion, Environmental science, Combined sewer, Sewage treatment, Effluent
Abstract: The recently introduced and increasing uses of silver (Ag) and antimony (Sb) have resulted in an increasing concern on their impacts to the environment. Nevertheless, little information can be found about anthropogenic impacts on the geochemical behaviour of such trace metals in urban river. In the course of our studies dedicated to the Seine River basin, France (67,400 km2), a large set of data was collected. Silver and antimony inputs to the Seine River Basin were estimated using three relevant sources: atmospheric deposition, waste water treatment plants effluents and combined sewer overflows. The Ag and Sb dissolved/solid partition in the river was also estimated on an annual basis. Results showed that Ag output river flux cannot be balanced with the input fluxes, unless to consider another source, which could be the erosion of contaminated soils. In opposite, the Sb budget is well balanced, with atmospheric deposition dominating the input fluxes to the river. The Ag and Sb geochemical behaviors (i.e., their dissolved/solid partition) are highly contrasted, especially for Sb, which dissolved/solid partition is even more fluctuant depending on the emission route.
Published: 2013
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20. Tracking land-cover changes with sedimentary charcoal in the Afrotropics

Author: Laurent Bremond, Arnaud Kpolita, Olga Diane Yongo, Richard Oslisly, Irène Lefèvre, Julie C. Aleman, Valéry Gond, Philippe Bonté, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Benoît Brossier, Christopher Carcaillet, Mitchell J. Power, Olivier Blarquez, Ilham Bentaleb, Charly Favier, Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bangui, Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Utah, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Archeology, sédiment, FORET, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, IMAGE SATELLITE, PALEOENVIRONNEMENT, forêt tropicale, 01 natural sciences, Shifting cultivation, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, HOLOCENE, Charbon de bois, Charcoal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Savane, Global and Planetary Change, Utilisation des terres, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Agroforestry, MOSAIQUE FORET SAVANE, 000 - Autres thèmes, Sedimentary charcoal, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, UTILISATION DU SOL, Incendie spontané, Écosystème, Functional role, 010506 paleontology, COUVERT VEGETAL, F40 - Écologie végétale, Télédétection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aménagement forestier, CHARBON, Land cover, SAVANE, Riparian forest, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, Paysage, Land use, Paleontology, FEU, 15. Life on land, Végétation, SEDIMENTATION LACUSTRE, INCENDIE, Paleoecology, Incendie de forêt, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Filtration
Abstract: Fires have played an important role in creating and maintaining savannas over the centuries and are also one of the main natural disturbances in forests. The functional role of fires in savannas and forests can be investigated through examining sedimentary charcoal in order to reconstruct long-term fire history. However, the relationship between charcoal and vegetation structure in tropical grassy ecosystems remains to be elucidated. Here, we compared recent charcoal records from lake sediments in three tropical ecosystems (forest, savanna, and forest-savanna mosaic) with land cover inferred from remote-sensing images. Charcoal width-to-length (W/L) ratio is a good proxy for changes in fuel type. At one of the lakes, a significant W/L modification from values >0.5 (mainly wood) to
Published: 2013
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21. Core-derived historical records of suspended sediment origin in a mesoscale mountainous catchment: the River Bléone, French Alps

Author: Oldrich Navratil, Jean-Louis Reyss, Olivier Evrard, Cédric Legout, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Julien Némery, Nicolas Gratiot, Alain Poirel, Michel Esteves, N. Mathys, Sophie Ayrault, Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), EDF - Division Technique Générale (DTG), EDF (EDF), ANR-06-BLAN-0379,STREAMS,Sediment Transport and Erosion Across Mountains(2006), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, Drainage basin, Mesoscale meteorology, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Braided river, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sedimentary budget, Sediment core, Sediment fingerprinting, Historical record, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, 15. Life on land, Water resources, Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Erosion, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Radionuclide, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: Quantifying suspended sediment fluxes and dynamics across mountains, and identifying the origin of sediment in severely eroded areas, are of primary importance for the management of water resources. This contribution aims to generalise previous results from suspended sediment fingerprinting obtained during 2007–2009 in a mesoscale Alpine catchment (the Bléone River; 905 km$^2$) in France, and to assess variability in sediment sources throughout the second half of the twentieth century.Materials and methods: Sediment fingerprinting, based on elemental geochemistry and radionuclide measurements, was conducted on a sediment core collected in an alluvial floodplain at the basin outlet. This technique was combined with hydro-sedimentary time-series to reconstruct the origin of suspended sediment deposited at this location over the last 50 years.Results and discussion: Interpretation of sedimentation based on historical hydrological databases corroborates core dating obtained with $^{137}$Cs and $^{210}$Pb$_{xs}$ activity measurements. Black marls and (marly) limestone sources provided the main fraction of sediment throughout the sequence (40 and 22 %, respectively). However, we also found evidence for the occurrence of major floods carrying large quantities of sediment originating from Quaternary deposits and conglomerates (25 and 16 %, respectively). The variability of sediment sources throughout the sequence may reflect the spatial variability of rainfall within the catchment, which in turn reflects its origin. However, the relatively homogeneous sediment composition throughout the sequence confirms that core-derived information is representative of widespread flood events.Conclusions : These results are consistent with those obtained in previous studies. They also outline the need to take intoaccount the entire grain size range of fine sediment in order to provide an overall picture of sediment sources and transferswithin highly erosive catchments. This study also emphasizes the importance of using archival data to validate the results ofsediment fingerprinting studies conducted during short contemporary monitoring programmes, and to extend fingerprinting of sediment sources over longer time-scales which include large and widespread floods.
Published: 2012
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22. Evidence of the radioactive fallout in France due to the Fukushima nuclear accident

Author: Bruno Lansard, Pieter van Beek, David Gateuille, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Olivier Evrard, Véronique Pont, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), GEOMAR LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, SEDIMENT, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Iodine Radioisotopes, Soil, Japan, Waste Management and Disposal, geography.geographical_feature_category, radiocesium, Fresh weight, General Medicine, Pollution, 6. Clean water, radioiodine, Cesium Radioisotopes, Fukushima accident, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Suspended matter, Radioactive Pollutants, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Poaceae, Altitude, Rivers, Radiation Monitoring, radioactive fallout, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aerosols, Hydrology, Radionuclide, geography, business.industry, Radioactive fallout, Sediment, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, RADIONUCLIDES, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: ISI Document Delivery No.: 028IY Times Cited: 6 Cited Reference Count: 21 Cited References: Beresford NA, 2012, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V114, P48, DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.008 Bolsunovsky A, 2011, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V102, P1062, DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.06.007 EPA, 2011, JAP NUCL EM EPAS RAD Evrard O, 2010, GEOMORPHOLOGY, V124, P42, DOI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.007 Fischer HW, 2009, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V100, P1079, DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.05.002 IAEA, 2011, IAEA BRIEF FUK NUCL Imamura F., 2011, IUGG 25 GEN ASS MELB Irikura K., 2011, IUGG 25 GEN ASS MELB IRSN, 2011, 15 IRSN Le Cloarec MF, 2011, PHYS CHEM EARTH, V36, P515, DOI 10.1016/j.pce.2009.02.003 Loaiza P, 2012, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V114, P66, DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.03.003 Manolopoulou M, 2011, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V102, P796, DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.010 Masson O, 2011, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V45, P7670, DOI 10.1021/es2017158 Matisoff G, 2005, EARTH SURF PROC LAND, V30, P1191, DOI 10.1002/esp.1270 Parache V, 2011, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V45, P9998, DOI 10.1021/es202242g Pittauerova D, 2011, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V102, P877, DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.06.003 REYSS JL, 1995, NUCL INSTRUM METH A, V357, P391, DOI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00021-6 Simons, 2011, SCIENCE, V332, P1421 Sogon S, 1999, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V410, P251, DOI 10.1023/A:1003755714483 VAN BEEK P., J ENV RADIO IN PRESS van Beek P, 2010, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V101, P521, DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.12.002 Evrard, Olivier Van Beek, Pieter Gateuille, David Pont, Veronique Lefevre, Irene Lansard, Bruno Bonte, Philippe Evrard, Olivier/E-5076-2011 R2DS programme (Ile-de-France Region) Research in the upstream catchments was conducted in the framework of the PIREN Seine, GIS ORACLE and OPE Bure long term environmental monitoring and research programmes. David Gateuille received funding from the R2DS programme (Ile-de-France Region). We are grateful to Marc Souhaut for his technical help assistance at the LAFARA underground laboratory. We also greatly acknowledge the technical team at the observatories for its help to conduct sample collection, as well as Eline Salle and Dominique Blamart for assisting us to collect grass in the Parisian Basin. LSCE contribution No. 4712. 6 ELSEVIER SCI LTD OXFORD J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV SI; Radioactive fallout due to the Fukushima reactor explosion in Japan was detected in environmental samples collected in France. The presence of I-131 in aerosols (200 +/- 6 mu Bq m(-3)) collected at the Pic du Midi observatory, located at 2877 m altitude in the French Pyrenees, indicated that the Japanese radioactive cloud reached France between 22 and 29 March, i.e. less than two weeks after the initial emissions, as suggested by a Cs-137/Cs-134 ratio of 1.4. Cesium radioisotopes (Cs-134 and Cs-137) were not detected in this sample but they were present in the aerosol sample collected the next week, i.e. between 29 March and 05 April (about 10 mu Bq m(-3)). We also report I-131 activities measured in grass (1.1-11 Bq kg(-1): fresh weight) and soil samples (0.4 Bq kg(-1)) collected in the Seine River basin between 30 March and 10 April. The Cs-134 from the damaged Fukushima power plant was also detected in grass collected in the Seine River basin between 31 March and 10 April (0.2-1.6 Bq kg(-1) fresh weight, with a Cs-137/Cs-134 ratio close to 1, which is consistent with Fukushima radioactive release). Despite the installation of a network of nested stations to collect suspended matter in the upstream part of the Seine River basin, I-131 was only detected in suspended matter (4.5-60 Bq kg(-1)) collected at the most upstream stations between 30 March and 12 April. Neither I-131 nor Cs-134 has been detected in environmental samples since the end of April 2011, because of the rapid decay of I-131 and the very low activities of Cs-134 (about 400 times lower than after Chernobyl accident). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012
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23. Urbanization impact on metals mobility in riverine suspended sediment: Role of metal oxides

Author: S Pacini, Philippe Bonté, Sophie Ayrault, Cindy Rianti Priadi, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Zinc, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Upstream and downstream (DNA), Metal, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 11. Sustainability, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Cadmium, Sediment, Particulates, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Enrichment factor
Abstract: Spatial and temporal fractionation of trace metals and major elements in suspended particulate matter in the Seine River was investigated to study the impact of the increasing urbanization in the Greater Paris Region. Suspended sediments in the Seine River were collected between December 2008 to August 2009 upstream and downstream of Paris. They were subjected to total digestion and sequential extraction procedure certified by the Bureau Communautaire de Reference and trace metals along with major elements were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Metal enrichment factors increased up to eight folds after the Seine River downstream of the Greater Paris Region showing a significant contribution of urbanization. Enrichment of copper, lead and zinc downstream of Paris are followed by the increase of their reducible fraction of at least 10% implicating an increase in metals associated with iron oxides. The exchangeable fraction, which includes the carbonate-associated metals, is only significant for cadmium, nickel and zinc (more than 2 %) while the oxidisable fraction accounts for less than 20 % for the anthropogenic metals downstream except for copper. The metals can be divided to (a) “reducible” group including cadmium, lead, and zinc, associated with more than 60 % of the total Bureau Communautaire de Reference extractable metals to the reducible fraction containing mostly iron oxide phases for the downstream sites. (b) A “distributed” group including chromium, copper, and nickel that are associated to at least 3 different phase-groups: (1) oxides, (2) organic matter and sulphides and (3) mineral phases.
Published: 2011
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24. Sedimentary record of metal contamination in the Seine River during the last century

Author: Sophie Ayrault, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Laurence Lestel, M.F. Le Cloarec, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Piren-Seine, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris
Subjects: Pollution, Metal contamination, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 137Cs, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, Sediment cores, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Tributary, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Optical emission spectrometry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Seine River, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, Geophysics, Heavy metals, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Contamination history, Sedimentary rock, River catchment, Chronology, 210Pb
Abstract: International audience; The time evolution of heavy metal contamination in the Seine River catchment is documented through the analysis of sediment cores sampled at three different sites: in upstream Seine River where agricultural activity is predominant, in the Oise River (a tributary of the Seine River) characterized by intensive industrial activity, and downstream Seine River where various kinds of activities (agricultural, industrial and urban activities) are mixed. The chronology of the cores is obtained through 137Cs and 210Pb dating. Only cores with a clear dating are selected for the study. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Sb and Hg are analyzed by neutron activation, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy after sediment dissolution.The maximum of pollution is registered during the 1960–1970 decade in the Oise River site, and 10 years later in the downstream Seine River. The sites are compared, showing some specific signatures. The different occurrence of every metal at each site is discussed. The present level of pollution is lower in the Oise River, compared to that of the downstream site. The decrease of the metallic pollution is discussed in each site considering its origins and history, as well as recent French and EU environmental policy implementation.
Published: 2011
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25. Variabilité saisonnière de la fraction magnétique (métallique) des matières en suspension dans le bassin versant de la Seine

Author: Christine Franke, Baati, S., Evrard, O., Catherine Kissel, Martine Audiguier, Sophie Ayrault, Philippe Bonté, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Published: 2011

26. A 50-year record of quinolone and sulphonamide antimicrobial agents in Seine River sediments

Author: Fatima Tamtam, S. Mompelat, Sophie Ayrault, Barbara Le Bot, Tuc Quoc Dinh, Joëlle Eurin, Marc Chevreuil, Jean-Marie Mouchel, Philippe Bonté, Laboratoire d'étude et de recherche en environnement et santé (LERES), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was financed by a doctoral grant from the Ile-de-France region., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Nalidixic acid, Stratigraphy, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Quinolones, 01 natural sciences, Persistence, Oxolinic acid, medicine, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Norfloxacin, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Mobility, Sulfonamides, Extraction (chemistry), Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Contamination, Antimicrobial, Antimicrobial agents, 6. Clean water, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Flumequine, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Core, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: Even though sediments may represent a reservoir for antimicrobial agents, little is known about the persistence of these molecules over time or their accumulation. In this study, six antimicrobial agents, oxolinic acid, flumequine, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim, were investigated in a sediment core from the Seine River. This work aimed to (1) measure antimicrobial agent contamination levels in the sediment and identify their origins, (2) obtain information on the persistence of these compounds in sediment over long periods (>4 years) and (3) show the existence of a historical record in sediment of river contamination by antimicrobial agents. Material and methods Sedimentary records were collected in a regularly flooded area at the side of the Seine River downstream of urban Paris. Dating was performed using environmental 137Cs and 210Pb radioisotopes. Antimicrobial agents were extracted and purified using Soxhlet extraction and solid phase extraction. Chromatographic separation of the compounds was achieved with Ultra Performance™ liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results and discussion : Antimicrobial agent residues were detected in river sediment deposits to a depth exceeding 80 cm, corresponding to sediment deposits dating from the early 1960s. Five out of six antimicrobial agents were detected: norfloxacin, flumequine, oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid and sulphamethoxazole. Dating of the slices shows evidence of a correspondence between commercialisation of the compounds and their occurrence in the successive sediment deposits. In general, the results from previous studies justify the assumption of relative persistence of these compounds, although no experiments were conducted over periods as long as several decades. Conclusions : Our results show that antimicrobial agents can persist in sediment for up to 30 to 40 years, which raise concerns about the environmental effects of such long-term exposure on aquatic organisms.
Published: 2011
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27. Estimation of erosion and sediment export from an agricultural catchment

Author: Evrard, O., Guillaume Nord, Olivier Cerdan, Véronique Souchère, Yves Le Bissonnais, Philippe Bonté, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EGU, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environment Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: HYDROLOGIE, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion leads to important environmental problems (e.g. muddy floods, reservoir sedimentation) in cultivated areas of the European loess belt. This study aimed to quantify erosion and to determine the impact of rainfall seasonality and land use change on soil erosion over the last 40 years in a 94-ha cultivated catchment of Normandy (France). To this end, scenarios representative of the different land use conditions were simulated using the STREAM expert-based erosion model. A 13-yrs long sequence of rainfall events was run with this model. Results showed that erosion increased dramatically after land consolidation (+168% on average). Interannual variability of erosion is important. After land consolidation, 79% of erosion was observed in summer and autumn, even though these seasons only accounted for 58% of annual rainfall kinetic energy. The bulk of erosion was hence produced by a few intense thunderstorms during this period. Thunderstorms correspond to 5% of rainfall events, but they generate 51% of total annual erosion after land consolidation (and up to 57% of erosion before land consolidation). Confrontation of the model outputs with the erosion rates derived from Cs-137 measurements suggested that soil redistribution within the catchment was very high but that sediment exports from the catchment remained limited (sediment delivery ratio between 1 – 10%). Erosion rates derived from Cs-137 measurements showed an important and organised spatial variability, but erosion rates integrated over larger areas remained in the same order of magnitude than those simulated by the model or were slightly higher. Water erosion would hence not be the only process generating erosion within this catchment. In this context, tillage erosion cannot be neglected to calculate the sediment budget over several decades. These findings show the necessity to simulate sequences of rainfall events to obtain reliable erosion predictions. They also demonstrate the interest of developping expert-based models simulating both water and tillage erosion at the catchment scale to conduct erosion studies over several decades.
Published: 2010

28. Silver and thallium historical trends in the Seine River basin

Author: Sophie Ayrault, Olivier Evrard, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Cindy Rianti Priadi, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EC2CO Medisis project., ANR-05-JCJC-0159,biomet,Influence des matières organiques non humifiées sur la biodisponibilité des métaux traces dans les eaux fortement anthropisées(2005), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Pollution, Geologic Sediments, Silver, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Drainage basin, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Rivers, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 11. Sustainability, Thallium, Water pollution, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Hydrology, Radionuclide, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sediment, General Medicine, Particulates, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water quality, France, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Records on pollution by metals of minor economic importance (e.g. silver and thallium) but which prove to be toxic are rarely documented in river sediment. This study used two sediment cores collected downstream of the Seine River to describe the temporal evolution of Ag and Tl concentrations in an urban catchment. Radionuclide analysis (i.e. Cs-137 and Pb-210) allowed dating sediment deposition within the cores (1933–2003). Ag concentration reached maximum values of 14.3–24.6 mg kg$^{−1}$ in the 1960s and 1970s, before gradually decreasing up to values which approximated 4 mg kg$^{−1}$ in 2003. In contrast, Tl concentrations remained roughly constant throughout the core (median value of 0.86 mg kg$^{−1}$). Suspended solids was collected at upstream locations in the catchment to derive the background concentrations in Ag and Tl. Very high Ag concentrations were measured in the upstream Seine River sites (0.33–0.59 mg kg$^{−1}$), compared to the values reported in the literature (0.055 mg kg$^{−1}$). This suggests the presence of a widespread and ancient Ag pollution in the Seine River basin, as demonstrated by the very high Ag enrichment ratios recorded in the cores. Annual flux of particulate Ag in the Seine River was estimated at 1.7 t yr$^{−1}$ in 2003. In contrast, Tl concentrations remained in the same order of magnitude as the natural background signal (0.3–0.5 mg kg$^{−1}$). This study suggests that the Seine River basin is free of Tl contamination. Future concerns should hence mostly rely on Ag contamination, in a context of increasing Ag uses and possible releases to the environment.
Published: 2010
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29. Seasonal variability of suspended sediment transport in the Seine river catchment area (France)

Author: Christine Franke, Baati, S., Ayrault, S., Philippe Bonté, Evrard, O., Kissel, C., Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology
Abstract: International audience; This study consists in an innovative application of environmental physico-chemical techniques on fluvial sediments with the aim to trace the seasonal changes in suspended sediment transport of the complex Seine river catchment area in northern France. The aim of this project is to develop a detailed understanding for the discrimination of naturally triggered and anthropogenic induced processes and their temporal changes with weather conditions. With a focus on the heavy metal fraction, we determine the regional distribution of the suspended material and search for environmental fingerprints demonstrating the influence of fluvial transport mechanisms, changes in concentration related to discharge variations or different sediment sources, and in-situ alteration caused by variations in the geochemical conditions (oxy-redox, pH, Eh, etc.). To achieve these goals, we apply a combination of straightforward rock magnetic hysteresis measurements (performed using an AGM2900 at the LSCE) and advanced scanning electron microscopy analyses (SEM). This interdisciplinary approach allows refining the detailed analysis of sediment trap samples, originating from Tessier et al. (2003), as recently shown by Franke et al. (2009). In our preliminary results, we observe a general increase in magnetic concentrations from summer to winter conditions, coupled with a magneto-mineralogic change to rather reduced metallic mineral phases. However, each riversection of the Seine system shows its specific trend line depending on the regional initial input, weathering conditions, drainage area and potential pollution sources. A systematic analysis of the detailed results will allow highlighting the climatic/seasonal influence on the metallic particle assembly.
Published: 2010

30. Modelling the impact of land use change and rainfall seasonality on sediment export from an agricultural catchment of the northwestern European loess belt

Author: Guillaume Nord, Veronique Souchere, Yves Le Bissonnais, Olivier Cerdan, Philippe Bonté, Olivier Evrard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Aménagement des Risques Naturels, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Environment Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, EROSION, Cesium-137, EXPERT BASED MODEL, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE, Land use, land-use change and forestry, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Expert-based model, Sedimentary budget, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, Land use, Sediment, CESIUM 137, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Tillage, 13. Climate action, RAINFALL SEASONALITY, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, WEPP, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Soil erosion leads to important environmental problems (e.g. muddy floods, reservoir sedimentation) in cultivated areas of the European loess belt. This study aimed to determine the impact of rainfall seasonality and land use change on soil erosion over the last 40 years in a 94-ha cultivated catchment of Normandy(France). To this end, scenarios representative of the different land use conditions were simulated using the STREAM expert-based erosion model. A 13 years long sequence of rainfall events was run with this model. Results showed that erosion increased dramatically after land consolidation (+168% on average). Interannual variability of erosion is important. After land consolidation, 79% of erosion was observed in summer and autumn, even though these seasons only accounted for 58% of annual rainfall kinetic energy. The bulk of erosion was hence produced by a few intense thunderstorms during this period. Thunderstorms correspond to 5% of rainfall events and to 15% of the total rainfall depth, but they generate 51% of total annual erosion after land consolidation (and up to 57% of erosion before land consolidation). Confrontation of the STREAM model outputs with the erosion rates modelled based on Cs-137 measurements suggested that soil redistribution within the catchment was very high but that sediment exports from the catchment remained limited (sediment delivery ratio between 1% and 10%). Local erosion rates derived from Cs-137 measurements showed an important and organised spatial variability, but erosion rates integrated over larger areas remained in the same order of magnitude as those simulated by the STREAM model or were slightly higher. Water erosion would hence not be the only process generating erosion within this catchment. In this context, our results show that tillage erosion cannot be neglected to calculate the sediment budget over several decades.
Published: 2010
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31. Sediment dynamics during the rainy season in tropical highland catchments of central Mexico using fallout radionuclides

Author: Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Christian Prat, Nicolas Gratiot, Jérôme Poulenard, Clément Duvert, Julien Némery, Sophie Ayrault, Olivier Evrard, Michel Esteves, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ANR-06-BLAN-0379,STREAMS,Sediment Transport and Erosion Across Mountains(2006), European Project, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIVER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), DESIRE project, Contract No. 037046, ANR/BLAN06-1_139157, STREAMS project,ANR/BLAN06-1_139157, STREAMS project, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Wet season, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Erosion control, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Soil retrogression and degradation, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Discharge, Residence time, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Siltation, 13. Climate action, Erosion, Suspended sediment, Fallout radionuclides, Tropical environments, Sediment transport, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Tropical regions are affected by intense soil erosion associated with deforestation, overgrazing, and cropping intensification. This land degradation leads to important on-site (e.g., decrease in soil fertility) and off-site (e.g., reservoir siltation and water pollution) impacts. This study determined the mean soil particle and sediment residence times in soils and rivers of three subcatchments (3-12 km2) with contrasted land uses (i.e., cropland, forests, and rangelands) draining to a reservoir located in highlands of the transvolcanic Mexican belt. Calculations were based on rainfall amount and river discharges as well as on fallout radionuclide measurements (Be-7, Cs-137, and Pb-210) conducted on rainfall precipitated samples, soil sampled in the catchments, and suspended sediment collected by automatic samplers in the river during most storms recorded throughout the 2009 rainy season. Calculations using a radionuclide two-box balance model showed that the mean residence time of particles in soils ranged between 5000 ± 1500 and 23,300 ± 7000 years. In contrast, sediment residence time in rivers was much shorter, fluctuating between 50 ± 30 and 200 ± 70 days. The shortest mean residence times were measured in a hilly catchment dominated by cropland and rangelands, whereas they were the longest in an undulating catchment dominated by forests and cropland. Calculation of the Be-7/excess-Pb-210 in both rainfall and sediment allowed gaining insight on sediment dynamics throughout the rainy season. The first heavy storms of the year exported the bulk of the sediment stock accumulated in the river channel during the previous year. Then, during the rainy season, the two steeper catchments dominated by cropland and rangelands reacted strongly to rainfall. Sediment was indeed eroded and exported from both catchments during single heavy storms on several occasions in 2009. In contrast, the agro-forested catchment with gentler slopes exported sediment at a constant and low rate throughout the rainy season. Overall, land cover and flood type clearly proved to exert more control on sediment export than slope steepness and rainfall erosivity. Our results show the priority of stabilising old gully systems to prevent their extension by regressive erosion to cropland and to concentrate the implementation of on-site erosion control measures in cropland and rangeland of the most reactive catchments.
Published: 2010
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32. Caesium-137 in sandy sediments of the River Loire (France): Assessment of an alluvial island evolving over the last 50 years

Author: Stéphane Rodrigues, Jean-Jacques Macaire, Philippe Bonté, Philippe Jugé, Jean-Paul Bakyono, Sébastien Détriché, Jean-Gabriel Bréhéret, Transferts continentaux : forçages anthropiques, climatiques et géodynamiques, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), CETU-Elmis, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: River Loire, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 137Cs, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fluvial, Context (language use), Sands, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Riparian zone, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, Incision, Natural levee, Floods, Erosion, Alluvium, Alluvial island, Levee, Accretion (geology), Riparian vegetation, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Recent sedimentological and morphological evolution of an island in the River Loire (France) was investigated using the 137Cs method. This study describes the morphological adjustment of the island in the last 50 years, which corresponds to the increased bed incision of this sandy, multiple-channel environment because of, among other things, the increase in sediment extraction up to 1995. The results show that some 137Cs can be retained by sandy particles, potentially in clay minerals forming weathering features included in detrital sand grains. From a morphological perspective, significant lateral erosion can be observed in the upstream part of the island, while a weak lateral accretion occurs in its downstream section. Data about 137Cs and aerial photographs show that the morphology of the island margins has undergone significant changes leading to a lateral migration, while the centre of the island has remained relatively stable or is slowly eroding. The migration of the island depends on: (1) the withdrawal of inherited preincision morphological units, such as levees, or the development of new units, such as a channel shelf; (2) water and sediment supply from surrounding channels during flood events; (3) preferential sediment trapping (20 mm year− 1) from the presence of riparian vegetation on the bank of the secondary channel that is subject to narrowing. The sedimentological and morphological response of the island in the context of incision of the Loire river bed is expressed mainly by lateral migration and secondarily by a low vertical adjustment.
Published: 2010
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33. Magnetic particle characterization in the Seine river system: Implications for the determination of natural versus anthropogenic input

Author: Christine Franke, Eric Robin, Philippe Bonté, and Catherine Kissel
Subjects: Pollution, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental magnetism, media_common.quotation_subject, Drainage basin, Fluvial, Weathering, Particulates, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Tributary, Water pollution, human activities, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: [1] This study presents an innovative application of well-established environmental magnetic proxy parameters on fluvial sediments, with the aim to trace geological and human-induced processes in the complex Seine river drainage system in northern France. We seek to identify environmental fingerprints of mechanical and chemical weathering processes, the regional distribution of the suspended material, and changes in the balance of natural input versus anthropogenic pollution. In order to reach these goals, we applied a combination of rock magnetic and advanced scanning electron microscopic techniques on a large number of sediment trap samples. Generally, we observe an increase in magnetic concentration coupled with a coarsening in magnetic grain size downstream of the Seine river system. Furthermore, the dominant magnetomineralogy changes from high-coercivity minerals upstream in more rural areas to magnetite-dominated assemblages downstream. Each river (segment) shows its specific trend line depending on regional initial input, weathering conditions, drainage area, and potential pollution sources. One major outcome of this study is the observed significant correlation between anthropogenic antimony-rich iron oxide particles and the magnetic concentration. This shows the potential of magnetic remanence measurements as proxy parameters for specific heavy metal pollution concentrations. Hence, the environmental magnetic study presented herein serves to identify major trends as well as local particularities and leads to quantitative analyses of the contributions of individual tributaries in the Seine river system.
Published: 2009
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34. A-horizon dynamics in a historical hedged landscape

Author: Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Stéphane Follain, Dominique Marguerie, Christian Walter, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire d'étude des interactions entre sols, agrosystèmes et hydrosystèmes (LISAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, [SDE.SDS]Environmental Sciences/domain_sde.sds, Soil Science, Soil science, (14)C dating, 01 natural sciences, storage, evolution, soil organic-matter, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, central braziLandredistribution, Soil dating, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Topsoil, Horizon (archaeology), Soil organic matter, carbon, Hedgerow network, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, tillage erosion, Tillage, Pedogenesis, CharcoaLand(137)Cs, agricultural landscape, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, ams c-14, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, optically stimulated luminescence, fallout radionuclides, Geology
Abstract: In hedged landscapes, the hedge structure induces a modification of soil organization at the landscape scale and another modification of soil geometry and properties at the slope scale. In these environments, the effects of landscape structures on soil pedogenesis and properties are identified, yet the time scale on which the target processes are occurring remains unknown. The aim of this paper is to constrain the space and time changes in hedge structure, within a historical hedged landscape, in order to better quantify the dynamics of A-horizons geometry. To achieve this goal, we implemented various relative methods (soil geometry analysis, historical document analysis) and absolute methods ( 14 C, 137 Cs). Results highlight the complexity of soil spatial organization within the landscape: A-horizon geometry is clearly influenced by landscape structures, whereas deeper horizons appear not to be influenced by these structures. The explanatory factors of this current organization are not only the present topography and hedgerow network pattern, but also the position of former hedgerows. Organo-mineral horizon changes clearly post-date the establishment of the hedgerow network landscape, which has controlled topsoil horizon geometry. Since 1833, the decrease in hedgerow network density has changed the spatial distribution of soil redistributions through diffusive transport (including tillage translocation) and water erosion processes; locally, it has increased soil erosion processes with respect to the increase in uphill drainage surface areas without changing general soil organization at the landscape scale acquired over the longer term.
Published: 2009
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35. Provenance et devenir des polluants métalliques dans le basin versant de la Seine: Apport de la mineralogie magnétique

Author: Christine Franke, Catherine Kissel, Eric Robin, Philippe Bonté, France Lagroix, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Published: 2009

36. Historical perspective of heavy metals contamination (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) in the Seine River basin (France) following a DPSIR approach (1950-2005)

Author: Daniel R. Thévenot, Philippe Bonté, Cécile Grosbois, Michel Meybeck, Laurence Lestel, Daniel Herve, Claire de Pontevès, Olivier Rousselot, Régis Moilleron, J. L. Colin, Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'histoire des techniques et de l'environnement (CDHTE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche Eau Ville Environnement (CEREVE), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, Syndicat Interdépartemental d'Assainissement de l'Agglomération Parisienne (SIAAP), Arrondissement des Boucles de la Seine, Service de Navigation de la Seine (SNS), Hydrogéologie, Argiles, Sols et Altérations - UMR 6532 (HydrASA), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PIREN Seine, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Cd, contamination, 11. Sustainability, heavy metals, Waste Management and Disposal, Cr, Cu, Pb, Seine River, geography.geographical_feature_category, Agriculture, Human decontamination, Particulates, Contamination, Pollution, 6. Clean water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Engineering, Floodplain, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, History, 21st Century, Rivers, Water Supply, Metals, Heavy, DPSIR, River mouth, Industry, Environmental Chemistry, Zn, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, Urbanization, Sediment, History, 20th Century, Hg, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Soil water, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: International audience; The Driver-Pressures-State-Impact-Response approach is applied to heavy metals in the Seine River catchment (65,000 km(2); 14 million people of which 10 million are aggregated within Paris megacity; 30% of French industrial and agricultural production). The contamination pattern at river mouth is established on the particulate material at different time scales: 1930-2000 for floodplain cores, 1980-2003 for suspended particulate matter (SPM) and bed-sediments, 1994-2003 for atmospheric fallout and annual flood deposits. The Seine has been among the most contaminated catchments with maximum contents recorded at 130 mg kg(-1) for Cd, 24 for Hg, 558 for Pb, 1620 for Zn, 347 for Cu, 275 for Cr and 150 for Ni. Today, the average levels for Cd (1.8 mg kg(-1)), Hg (1.08), Pb (108), Zn (370), Cu (99), Cr (123) and Ni (31) are much lower but still in the upper 90% of the global scale distribution (Cr and Ni excepted) and well above the natural background values determined on pre-historical deposits. All metal contents have decreased at least since 1955/65, well before metal emission regulations that started in the mid 1970's and the metal monitoring in the catchment that started in the early 1980's. In the last 20 y, major criteria changes for the management of contaminated particulates (treated urban sludge, agricultural soils, dredged sediments) have occurred. In the mid 1990's, there was a complete shift in the contamination assessment scales, from sediment management and water usage criteria to the good ecological state, now required by the 2000 European Directive. When comparing excess metal outputs, associated to river SPM, to the average metal demand within the catchment from 1950 to 2000, the leakage ratios decrease exponentially from 1950 to 2000 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, meanwhile, a general increase of the demand is observed: the rate of recycling and/or treatment of metals within the anthroposphere has been improved ten-fold. Hg environmental trajectory is very specific: there is a marked decontamination from 1970 to 2000, but the leakage ratio remains very high (10 to 20%) during this period. Drivers and Pressures are poorly known prior to 1985; State evolution since 1935 has been reconstructed from flood plain cores analysis; Impacts were maximum between 1950 and 1970 but remained unknown due to analytical limitation and lack of awareness. Some Responses are lagging 10 y behind monitoring and have much evolved in the past 10 y.
Published: 2007
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37. Temporal evolution of urban wet weather pollution: analysis of PCB and PAH in sediment cores from lake Bourget, France

Author: Philippe Bonté, Catherine Lorgeoux, Bruno Tassin, Ghassan Chebbo, Simon Jung, Thierry Winiarski, Fabien Arnaud, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche Eau Ville Environnement (CEREVE), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement (LSE-ENTPE), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université de Lyon-Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable, des Transports et du Logement, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Enpc, Ist
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Pollution, Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, Watershed, Wet weather, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, media_common.quotation_subject, Stormwater, Fresh Water, persistent organic pollutants, lake sediment records, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Cities, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Weather, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Hydrology, urban contamination, Sediment, Contamination, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, France, Environmental Pollution, Surface runoff, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; In order to evaluate the historical impact of urban stormwater runoff on a lacustrine environment, eight sediment cores were collected in October 2006 in Lake Bourget (Savoie, France). Sediment samples were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorobyphenyls (PCB) in order to correlate the vertical profiles of contamination and the evolution of the urbanisation on the watershed for the last 100 years. Overall, we observe that vertical profiles of PCB and PAH concentrations in Lake Bourget are showing a downward trend, probably resulting from the pollution control measures. Concentrations of PCB and PAH measured in surface sediments are approximately 5-10 fold less than maximal concentrations found in the cores. Maximal PAH concentrations were found at the bottom of the cores (~40 cm) which approximately correspond to the beginning of the 20th century. Maximal PCB concentrations measured in cores L5 and L6 are respectively 850 and 790 mg/g dw (dryweight). The peak of PCB corresponds to the maximum of PCB production and consumption in the 1970s. In surface sediments total PCB concentrations range between 47 and 79 mg/kg dw. Those concentrations are particularly high compared to other values measured in lake sediments and highlight the problem of a local source of PCB contamination in the watershed. General trends were observed, yet the part of urban stormwater runoff in the total contamination could not be determined.
Published: 2007
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38. Critical budget of metal sources and pathways in the Seine River basin (1994–2003) for Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn

Author: J. L. Colin, Marie-Christine Gromaire, Michel Meybeck, Philippe Cambier, Laurence Lestel, Daniel R. Thévenot, Vincent Rocher, Claire de Pontevès, Philippe Bonté, Régis Moilleron, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche Eau Ville Environnement (CEREVE), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre d'histoire des techniques et de l'environnement (CDHTE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, Syndicat Interdépartemental d'Assainissement de l'Agglomération Parisienne, SIAAP-SIAAP, Unité de Sciences du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PIREN Seine, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)
Subjects: Drainage basin, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Cd, 11. Sustainability, 020701 environmental engineering, Water pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Cr, Cu, Pb, River, Ni, geography.geographical_feature_category, Agriculture, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Heavy metals, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Budget, France, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Engineering, Floodplain, 0207 environmental engineering, Structural basin, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Rivers, Water Supply, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Metals, Heavy, River mouth, Environmental Chemistry, Zn, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, Urbanization, Environmental engineering, Estuary, Seine, Hg, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Environmental science, Water quality, Surface water, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: International audience; River basin metal pollution originates from heavy industries (plating, automobile) and from urban sources (Paris conurbation: 2740 km2 , 9.47 million inhabitants). The natural sources of metal have been found to be limited due to sedimentary nature of this catchment and to the very low river sediment transport (10 t km − 2 y − 1). Several types of data have been collected to build the metal budget within the whole Seine River basin: field surveys, economical statistics and environmental models. Environmental contamination and related fluxes have been measured on atmospheric fallout, rural streams particles, and Seine River particles upstream and downstream of Paris and at river mouth. Metal pathways and budgets have been set up for (i) a typical cultivated area, (ii) a Paris combined sewer system, (iii) Paris conurbation and (iv) the whole catchment metal retention effect in floodplain and dredged material. Metal fluxes to the estuary have been decomposed into natural, urban domestic and other sources. The latter are within 1–2 orders of magnitude larger than waste water fluxes directly released into rivers according to an industrial census. These fluxes have been further compared to the annual use (1994–2003) of these metals. Metal excess fluxes exported by the river are now a marginal leak of metal inputs to the catchment (i.e. "raw" metals, metals in goods, atmospheric fallout), generally from 0.2 to 5‰. However, due to the very limited dilution power in this basin, the contamination of particles is still relatively high. The Seine River basin is gradually storing metals, mostly in manufactured products used in construction, but also in various waste dumps, industrial soils, agricultural and flood plain soils.
Published: 2007
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39. Distributed Real-Time Model of the M3C for HIL Systems Using Small-Scale Simulators

Author: Philippe Bontemps, Stefan Milovanovic, and Drazen Dujic
Subjects: Hardware-in-the-loop, matrix modular multilevel converter, pumped hydro storage power plants, real-time simulations, variable speed drive, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract: Hardware-in-the-loop systems are an essential tool to verify controllers and deployed control algorithms in a risk-free environment. The inaccessibility of the converters used in applications such as pumped hydro storage power plants due to their high ratings, require the development of a hardware-in-the-loop platform to perform the validation of the deployed control structures and algorithms. This paper presents the modeling and splitting of the model of the matrix modular multilevel converter to allow the usage of small-scale simulators, such as the RT Boxes, to deal with the complex system exceeding capabilities of a single unit. To achieve an acceptable simulation step-size, this paper demonstrates the splitting of the model into multiple independent instances using the concept of virtual capacitance implementation. The verification of the proposed concept is done on a hardware-in-the-loop system compromising ten RT Boxes, where the physical model of the matrix modular multilevel converter is deployed, and control algorithms are implemented on the ABB PEC800 industrial controllers.
Published: 2021
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40. Soil erosion and carbon dynamics

Author: Christian Valentin, Stéphane Sogon, Jean-Pierre Bricquet, Pascal Podwojewski, Fernando Velasquez, Cyril Girardin, Sylvain Huon, Philippe Bonté, Boris Bellanger, Hendrina De Rouw, André Mariotti, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sols, usages des terres, dégradation, réhabilitation (SOLUTIONS), Roose E., Lal R., Barthès B., Feller C., Stewart B.A., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Roose, Eric (ed.), Lal, R. (ed.), Feller, Christian (ed.), Barthès, Bernard (ed.), and Stewart, B.A. (ed.)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, SOL CULTIVE, OXYGENE DISSOUS, Soil science, SEDIMENT, 01 natural sciences, PLAINE INONDABLE, RUISSELLEMENT, AZOTE, Dissolved organic carbon, Organic matter, ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, TEMPERATURE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Total organic carbon, chemistry.chemical_classification, Topsoil, Soil organic matter, MATIERE EN SUSPENSION, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mineralization (soil science), Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, CATENA, 6. Clean water, CARBONE ORGANIQUE, BASSIN VERSANT, INONDATION, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, EROSION HYDRIQUE, Surface runoff
Abstract: Soils of tropical regions account for ca. 30 % of the terrestrial organic carbon pool. Present-day fires, deforestation and land use changes enhance soil erosion and soil organic matter mineralization, increasing as much the CO2 flux to the atmosphere and reducing the efficiency of organic carbon storage in soils. This chapter presents the results of several isotopic studies carried out on two cultivated watersheds with steep slopes located in tropical regions (Venezuela, Laos) in order to better: 1) link the erosion status and the organic carbon content of cultivated soils by coupling 137Cs and total organic carbon measurements; 2) constraint the source of suspended organic matter during flood events by monitoring the composition of suspended loads in runoff and stream flows with d15N and d13C measurements and; 3) evaluate the impact of a water reservoir set up at the outlet of a watershed on suspended organic carbon fluxes generated by erosion. The redistribution pattern of fallout 137Cs and the soil organic carbon content in the first 30 - cm layer of cultivated soils of the Houay Pano catchment (Laos) are significantly linked. A common process apparently relates the soil erosion status with the amount of organic matter contained in the topsoil horizons. However, the budgets based on soil organic carbon depletion trends are higher than those derived from 137Cs soil erosion rate models. This difference provides evidence for additional organic carbon losses, most likely controlled by mineralization of soil organic matter and dissolved organic carbon release by runoff. The d15N composition of fine-sized suspended organic matter transported by runoff and stream flows during flood events on the Rio Boconó watershed (Venezuela) highlights the contribution of particulate organic carbon derived from incisive erosion of organic matter bearing rocks (“fossil” organic carbon) of the geological basement (i.e.: shales and argillaceous rocks of the river banks). The extent of “fossil” organic carbon release depends on the intensity of the flood event. During an intense event with a return period of 10 years, the contribution of “fossil” organic carbon to suspended sediments was approximately equivalent to that of soils sensu stricto Monitoring the composition of fine (
Published: 2005
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41. Transfert de matières des bassins versants côtiers au milieu marin : identification, caractérisation et vitesse. L'exemple de la baie du Marin (Martinique) / Transfer of matters from the watersheds toward the coast: identification, characterisation and estimation of the silting up speed. The exemple of La baie du Marin (Martinique)

Author: Anna Andrieu, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Corinne Feiss, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, trace elements, soil erosion, sedimentation, magnetic susceptibility, Martinique, pollution, mCs, 2wPb, érosion, vitesse de sédimentation, susceptibilité magnétique, éléments traces, 210Pb, 137Cs, Forestry, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, Siltation, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The collection of a wide range of marine and watershed sediments was carried out in "Baie du Marin" (S.W. Martinique) to characterise and quantify the input of continental sediments. The samples were systematically analysed to determine magnetic susceptibility, granulometry and trace elements. Following that, computer data allowed to correctly identify the origin of the sediments and of some other anthropogenic components. Radiation measurements and a range ofisotopic tracing techniques made it possible to estimate sil- tation rates at stream mouths and generate an image of sediment transfers to the bay., Résumé Afin de caractériser et de quantifier les apports sédimentaires d'origine continentale dans la baie du Marin (sud-ouest, Martinique), des prélèvements de matériaux ont été réalisés tant à terre qu'en mer. Ils ont fait l'objet de mesures systématiques de la susceptibilité magnétique, d'études granulométriques et d'analyses chimiques d'éléments traces. Le traitement géostatistique des résultats permet de préciser les sources des sédiments et l'origine de certains éléments. Une fois les éléments caractérisés et quantifiés, les mesures de rayonnement y d'isotopes radioactifs ont permis non seulement d'estimer les vitesses de sédimentation au débouché des cours d'eau mais de construire une radioscopie des transferts dans la baie à partir de certains isotopes radioactifs., Feïss Corinne, Bonté Philippe, Andrieu Anna, Lefevre Irène. Transfert de matières des bassins versants côtiers au milieu marin : identification, caractérisation et vitesse. L'exemple de la baie du Marin (Martinique) / Transfer of matters from the watersheds toward the coast: identification, characterisation and estimation of the silting up speed. The exemple of La baie du Marin (Martinique). In: Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement, Janvier-mars, vol. 10, n°1. pp. 81-90.
Published: 2004
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42. Sr/Ba in barite: a proxy of barite preservation in marine sediments?

Author: Sabine Schmidt, Philippe Bonté, Jean-Louis Reyss, P. van Beek, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Strontium, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Sediment, Mineralogy, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Water depth, Water column, chemistry, Settling, Geochemistry and Petrology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Dissolution, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The observation by Bertram and Cowen [J. Mar. Res. 55 (1997) 577–593] that the strontium content of marine barite decreased from the water column to the deep-sea floor suggested that the Sr/Ba ratio in barite was sensitive to barite dissolution. Following this observation, we have investigated the potential of using the Sr/Ba ratio in barite as a proxy of barite preservation by separating barite crystals from sediment cores collected at different water depths in the equatorial Pacific and in the Southern Ocean. Our investigations do not reveal significant downcore variations in the Sr/Ba ratios during the Holocene period in the two basins and up to a few hundred thousand years in the equatorial Pacific. However, a comparison of the mean Sr/Ba ratios in individual cores suggests that the Sr/Ba ratios in barite decrease with increasing water depth, a feature that could be related to dissolution of barite crystals during settling to the deep-sea floor and/or at the sediment–water interface. If confirmed, the Sr/Ba ratios in barite could be used to infer the intensity of barite dissolution and the state of preservation of barite crystals in sediments. Such information could be employed usefully in paleoproductivity reconstructions for the purpose of distinguishing between productivity and dissolution signals affecting barite distributions in marine sediments.
Published: 2003
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43. OSL dating of fluvial quartz from Le Closeau, a Late Paleolithic site near Paris — comparison with 14C chronology

Author: Elise Folz, Norbert Mercier, J.-L. Joron, Pierre Bodu, Philippe Bonté, Jean-Louis Reyss, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Ethnologie préhistorique, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, Thermoluminescence dating, Fluvial, Geology, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Archaeological evidence, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Sequence (geology), 0302 clinical medicine, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Quartz, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Optical dating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology
Abstract: OSL dating of fluvial quartz (coarse grains) using a single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol is reported. The sampled site, Le Closeau, is located along the river Seine near Paris, France; the chronology of the sequence is known from 14 C ages that support geological and archaeological evidence. Despite tightly and symmetrically distributed EDs, OSL ages are overestimated by about 40%. We have reviewed potential problems in luminescence dating procedures used in this study, but have not succeeded so far in identifying a characteristic (other than independent age control) that would enable us to discard such samples.
Published: 2001
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44. Lead Pollution Remanence in an Urban River System: A multi-scale temporal and spatial study

Author: Philippe Bonté, P. Le Pape, Sophie Ayrault, Cindy Rianti Priadi, Matthieu Roy-Barman, and Cécile Quantin
Subjects: urban river, lcsh:GE1-350, Pollution, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, media_common.quotation_subject, Lead pollution, Drainage basin, Sediment, anthropogenic sources, Particulates, Contamination, Lead, pollution, Environmental science, Gasoline, Scale (map), isotopes, lcsh:Environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: This work aims at studying the fate of sediments contaminated with tetraethyl Pb from leaded gasoline using a two-dimension upscaling approach, from a small urban subcatchment, the Orge River (900 km 2 ) to the whole Seine River basin (64700 km 2 ), in France. In France, the leaded gasoline reduction started in 1986 and leaded gasoline was completely banned after 2000. This work aims at assessing whether the ban of leaded gasoline is related to changes in Pb contamination sources of these river suspended sediment particles (SPM) and bed sediment. Sediment cores and samples collected in the course of previous research projects of the Seine River contamination were used as temporal archives. The study of the isotopic lead ratio showed the fast decrease of the contamination of urban river suspended particulate matter due to the “gasoline” lead source from 2000 to 2011. This source mostly disappeared in the SPM from the Seine River basin that includes urban areas but also agricultural and industrial activities. Nevertheless, it is still present in the small urban catchment of the Orge River. The results on bed sediments showed a different pattern, where the “gasoline” source is still active in densely populated areas, either in the Seine River in the 20 km downstream Paris, or along the Orge River.
Published: 2013
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45. Search for the Tunguska event relics in the Antarctic snow and new estimation of the cosmic iridium accretion rate

Author: Philippe Bonté, Martine de Angelis, C. Jehanno, Daniel Boclet, Robert Rocchia, Eric Robin, Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etude de Saclay, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Accretion rate, COSMIC cancer database, Event (relativity), Antarctic snow, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, Astrobiology
Abstract: International audience; A careful search for iridium in snow-ice samples deposited in Antarctica by the time of the great Tunguska explosion in 1908 has produced negative results. The worldwide dispersion of the cosmic bolide responsible for the event has not left a detectable Ir inprint in South Pole snow. The iridium infall from the Tunguska event is at least a factor of 20 lower than previously estimated. The local iridium background, averaged over a period of 30 years, is consistent with a global micrometeorite flux of about 10 Gg per year.
Published: 1990
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46. Spatio-temporal variability of solid, total dissolved and labile metal: passive vs.discrete sampling evaluation in river metal monitoringElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c0em00713g.

Author: Cindy Priadi, Adeline Bourgeault, Sophie Ayrault, Catherine Gourlay-Francé, Marie-Hélène Tusseau-Vuillemin, Philippe Bonté, and Jean-Marie Mouchel
Abstract: In order to obtain representative dissolved and solid samples from the aquatic environment, a spectrum of sampling methods are available, each one with different advantages and drawbacks. This article evaluates the use of discrete sampling and time-integrated sampling in illustrating medium-term spatial and temporal variation. Discrete concentration index (CI) calculated as the ratio between dissolved and solid metal concentrations in grab samples are compared with time-integrated concentration index (CI) calculated from suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected in sediment traps and labile metals measured by the diffusive gel in thin films (DGT) method, collected once a month during one year at the Seine River, upstream and downstream of the Greater Paris Region. Discrete CI at Bougival was found to be significantly higher than at Triel for Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn, while discrete metal partitioning at Marnay was found to be similar to Bougival and Triel. However, when using time-integrated CI, not only was Bougival CI significantly higher than Triel CI, CI at Marnay was also found to be significantly higher than CI at Triel which was not observed for discrete CI values. Since values are time-averaged, dramatic fluctuations were smoothed out and significant medium-term trends were enhanced. As a result, time-integrated concentration index (CI) was able to better illustrate urbanization impact between sites when compared to discrete CI. The impact of significant seasonal phenomenon such as winter flood, low flow and redox cycles was also, to a certain extent, visible in time-integrated CI values at the upstream site. The use of time-integrated concentration index may be useful for medium- to long-term metal studies in the aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
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47. Anomalous 234U/238U ratios in deep-sea hydrothermal deposits

Author: Nathalie Lemaitre, Philippe Bonté, Jean Louis Reyss, Didier Franck, Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Manganese, Uranium, Ferromanganese, Deep sea, Hydrothermal circulation, Seafloor spreading, Oceanography, chemistry, Oceanic crust, Seawater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology
Abstract: Although hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits often display variable 234U/238U ratios1,5, published values generally do not differ by more than 20% from the seawater value of their hydrogenous counterparts6. Here we report very high 234U/238U ratios in hydrothermal manganese crusts recovered from the Sanghihe island arc system in the West Pacific. Such ratios, about twice that of normal seawater, confirm a low-temperature hydrothermal supply of uranium, which is best explained by leaching of the underlying rocks by the hydrothermal fluids and deposition together with the manganese oxides before mixing with seawater. This suggests that the 234U/238U in seafloor deposits may be used as a tracer of low-temperature hydrothermal reactions in the ocean crust.
Published: 1987
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48. Volcanics from the Sierra Leone Rise

Author: Philippe Bonté, C. Jehano, Roger Hekinian, Laurent Labeyrie, P.L. Dupley, P. L. Blanc, J.C. Dupleyssis, Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (COB), Centre Océanologique de Bretagne, Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Basalt, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seamount, Fracture zone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, Sierra leone, Volcanic rock, Paleontology, Basement (geology), Oceanography, Ridge, Histoire Ifremer, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: THE Sierra Leone Rise, located in the east equatorial Atlantic, forms a discontinuous chain of seamounts as shallow as 2 km extending with a general NE–SW trend from near the Sierra Leone coast of Africa, to the St Paul fracture zone near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 1). The origin of this feature has remained a topic of discussion. Sheridan et al.1 have hypothesised that the Sierra Leone Rise is a volcanic structure formed at the beginning of the opening of the Atlantic in the early Cretaceous period. The twin features of the Sierra Leone and the Ceara Rises are probably of oceanic origin and were created 80 Myr ago or later in their present-day position with respect to Africa and South America2. The Atlantic ocean exhibits several similar aseismic structures which appear symmetrically oriented with respect to the mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Walvis–Rio Grande Rise and the Iceland Faeroes–Iceland Greenland Ridges. These structures are volcanic edifices having a composition similar to that found in their associated islands3–7. Deep sea drilling of the Ceara Rise8,9 penetrated a basaltic basement of the upper Cretaceous period (Maestrichtian) (Leg 39, Site 354). Similarly, a DSDP hole (Leg 41, Site 366) on the Sierra Leone Rise, penetrated sediments of the same period, without reaching basement10. We report here the discovery of alkali-rich volcanics in an area of the Sierra Leone Rise. The sediment overlying the rock fragments is aged ∼45 Myr.
Published: 1978
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49. Variabilité saisonnière du transport des matières en suspension dans le bassin versant de la Seine

Author: Christine Franke, Baati, S., Martine Audiguier, Ayrault, S., Philippe Bonté, Evrard, O., Kissel, C., Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology

50. CARACTERISATION DES PHASES PORTEUSES : METAUX PARTICULAIRES EN SEINE

Author: Priadi, Cindy, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université paris sud 11, Philippe Bonté, Sophie Ayrault, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and AYRAULT, Sophie
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, urbanisation, MEB, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, urbanization, mixing model, modèle de mélange, mobility, répartition solide/solution, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Solid/solution partitioning, EXAFS, spéciation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ICP-MS, extraction séquentielle, sequential extraction, river EXAFS, scanning electron microscopy, mobilité, rivière
Abstract: In freshwater systems, metals are known to have a particular affinity for the solid fraction. Consequently, the latter may constitute a potential toxic risk for aquatic organisms. Sustainable management in the Seine River Basin requires characterizing particulate carrier phase of metals in order to determine its geochemistry, identify urbanization impact of the Greater Paris Region and deduce the sources of metals and their mobility. To achieve these objectives, suspended particulate matter (SPM) was studied in relative to the water column and zoomed upon until the metal’s molecular environment. In agreement to previous studies, lead (Pb) was associated mostly to the solid fraction while nickel (Ni) was found mostly in the dissolved phase. As for the rest of the metals such as cobalt (Co), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), there seems to be a shared preference for the solid and dissolved phase. Downstream Paris, not only did solid/solution partitioning of Co, Cu and Ni decrease, but also temporal variation of the partitioning during monthly observations, indicating more stable forms of carrier phases. As for cadmium (Cd), Pb and Zn, it was their oxidizable fraction in the SPM that increased downstream, particularly associated with iron oxides (FexOy). An identified source of these oxides would be the bed sediment. In the case of intense storm episode, the combined wastewater system would overload and a large volume of direct wastewater would overflow to the Seine River. Calculation using a mixing model suggested that bed sediment contributed from 30-50% of particulate metal found in the overflow plume. This is a relatively high contribution compared to the 10-30% of particulate metal which would originate from the overflow itself. Besides iron oxides, reduced environment in bed sediment and CSO would also contribute to ZnS found in the water column. These ZnS are identified as single or clustered amorphous nanoparticles. This species is rather stable as they are found to persist in oxic environment, Dans les systèmes aquatiques, les métaux ont des affinités particulières pour la fraction solide. Cette dernière pourrait donc constituer un risque toxique potentiel vers les organismes vivants. Ce travail de thèse consiste à étudier les métaux particulièrement anthropiques dans la phase particulaire en Seine, en amont et aval de la région parisienne, et les facteurs contrôlant la variabilité temporelle et spatiale des caractéristiques des phases porteuses. Pour ce faire, les matières en suspension (MES) sont étudiées dans leur milieu dans la colonne d’eau et un zoom progressif est effectué sur ces MES jusqu’à étudier l’environnement moléculaire du métal. En aval de la région parisienne, la répartition solide/dissous de Co, Cu et Ni n’a pas seulement diminué, mais la variation temporelle de la répartition a également baissé, indiquant des formes d’association des métaux plus stables. Pour ce qui concerne Cd, Pb et Zn, c’est leur proportion dans la fraction oxydable des MES, plus particulièrement les oxydes de fer (FexOy), qui augmente après le passage de la Seine dans la zone la plus urbaine. Une source identifiée de ces métaux associés à FexOy serait le sédiment de fond. Lors d’un épisode de déversement d’eaux urbaines non traitées en période d’orage, le sédiment de fond est remis en suspension dans la colonne d’eau. Par un modèle de mélange, le sédiment de fond est estimé contribuer à 30-50% des métaux particulaires dans un panache de déversement, par rapport aux 10-30% des métaux provenant du déversement lui-même. Ensuite, le mélange de ce sédiment de fond avec les eaux d’assainissement pourrait apporter également des sulfures de zinc (ZnS), une des premières observations bien documentées. Cette espèce réduite semble être stable car elle persiste dans la colonne d’eau bien que l’eau de la rivière soit considérée comme un milieu oxique.
Published: 2010

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