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Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale is the property of Parresia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Delayed evolution of second molars is a rare phenomenon with an estimated prevalence in the mandible of 0 to 2.3%. Many etiologies have been proposed to explain these inclusions, among which the reduction of arch perimeter, distalization of first molar, mesio-angulated position of the second molar. However, the presence and position of the third molar does not seem to be a risk factor for this inclusion., Materials and Methods: Several therapeutics options with surgical management have been proposed in the literature; surgical repositioning, surgical release of the crown more or less associated with orthodontic treatment, and sometimes avulsion of the second molar to allow the third molar development. There is no recommendation on this subject, the literature describing mostly retrospective studies and case reports., Conclusion: This article presents the different therapeutic options in the treatment of second molar inclusions.

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine if there is a significant difference in the excess adhesive flash between the metallic APC™ Flash-Free adhesive system, the APC™ pre-coated adhesive system and a conventional uncoated system., Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-six freshly extracted human premolars were randomly and blindly divided into three groups according to the type of brackets. Group A (control group n=60): The conventional uncoated metallic bracket (Victory, 3M Unitek®) with a Transbond XT™ Light Cure Adhesive Paste was used. Group B (n=60): The APC™ II metallic maxillary precoated premolar brackets was used. Group C (n=66) : The metallic APC™ Flash-Free adhesive system without flash clean up was used. Images were taken at 40 magnifications in a dental microscope (Leica M320 for dental, Wetzlar, Germany) then analyzed with the ImageJ software and the area of excess adhesive flash was measured., Results: The mean percentage was significantly different between the three groups (p<0.001; ANOVA). It was significantly smaller for brackets in the APC Flash-Free group (p<0.001), and the difference was not significant between conventional brackets and APC (p=0.224)., Discussion: The new technique seems to reduce the amount of excessive adhesive around orthodontic brackets.

Introduction: To convert our objectives into the desired treatment results, we need to control our mechanics and thus the anchorage used by avoiding any unwanted movements. It now seems unthinkable, at the dawn of the 21 st century, to ignore the useful contribution of orthodontic screw-borne anchorage. Nevertheless, we are entitled to raise a number of legitimate questions. Do these forms of anchorage offer an alternative to all types of mechanics? Will they permit us to manage clinical situations which are beyond the scope of a more classical approach? Can they enhance the quality of our treatments?, Materials and Methods: Each of the authors describes clinical situations using screw-borne anchorage and compares with a conventional approach in order to make a non-exhaustive analysis of the mechanics applied, in their own office, and then highlights the most effective technique., Results: With 15 years experience in the use of miniscrews, orthodontists have now adopted them with their many advantages as an integral item in their therapeutic armamentarium. However, treatment plans must be coherent. Our mechanics must be well thought-out and represent a cogent entity under the control of the practitioner. Creating screw-borne anchorage demands total control over anchorage stability., (© EDP Sciences, SFODF, 2016.)

Agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors poses particular problems for dentists, orthodontists and patients. Treatment of these ageneses is still highly controversial, both functionally and esthetically. The patient's smile and anterior guidance are affected and must be restored. The diagnosis is easy. Few mistakes are possible. However, managing patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors can be a challenge, commonly involving two possible treatment approaches: space opening to replace the missing lateral incisor with a prosthetic unit (denture, bridge or implant) or orthodontic space closure replacing the missing lateral incisor with the maxillary canine camouflaged to mimic the appearance of a lateral incisor. One of these two options will be adopted using multiple means...liable to trigger a multitude of possible errors. Ultimately, optimal results can only be achieved if there is excellent coordination between different practitioners in various specialties. Each clinician will have a specific role to play. Also, the patient and family are at the heart of the decision-making process, by virtue of their consent (treatment duration, financial resources) and their motivation. This multi-factorial, multi-disciplinary decision process means that treatment of the lateral incisor is an ongoing challenge for the clinician striving for the best possible result. Each case is different. No set rules exist. No single factor can be neglected if we are to avoid "failure"., (© EDP Sciences, SFODF, 2016.)

Studies on orthodontic-periodontics relationships are numerous but few have benefited from the contribution of new 3D imaging techniques that emphasize iatrogenic effects that orthodontics may have on the periodontium. Periodontal risk in terms of fenestration, bone dehiscences next maxillary incisors are real during or after orthodontic treatment. The accurate assessment of the initial situation in terms of bone quantity in this dental arch anterior segment is thus very important. Our study aimed to evaluate the reliability of conventional lateral cephalograms to quantify alveolar bone thickness in relation to the maxillary incisors by comparing it with data from CT scans. The second objective was to identify an at risk patient profile by assessing possible correlations between this thickness and dysmorphia components. The results revealed a half of assessment error in the estimation of bone thickness and increased risk in case of hyperdivergence typology, Class III skeletal relationships and dento-alveolar protrusion. Finally, in view of these data, we discussed the clinical procedures to avoid such periodontal failures in this anterior segment of the dental arch., (© EDP Sciences, SFODF, 2016.)