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A case of atropine-like poisoning manifested by absence of sweating, hyperthermia, pupillary paralysis, dry mucous membranes, and delirium, is reported. These findings are ascribed to the anticholinergic properties of the tranquilizing agents of the phenothiazine group of drugs.

1. Simultaneous comparisons were made between the mental state and the EEG changes induced by intravenous barbiturates in subjects with and without organic brain disease. 2. Normal subjects did not become disoriented following intravenous sodium amytal and the EEG effects were the same as those noted by others. 3. Although disorientation often followed the drug in subjects with structural lesions and normal records, the EEG changes were not different from those occurring in controls. In abnormal records, there was a reduction or disappearance of slow activity after the drug concomitant with the development of an organic mental syndrome. 4. Focal abnormalties were occasionally elicited, or, if previously present, accentuated by the drug. 5. Under the conditions of the experiment, the mental state did not parallel the state of the EEG. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

Relief of long-standing pain by electroshock therapy has been reported by several investigators.1-3The present study evaluates the procedure as a therapeutic method. It further considers the painful state as a symbolic organization and offers a formulation of the means whereby agents, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and prefrontal lobotomy, which do not alter pain threshold significantly, may produce relief of pain. Material and Method of Study Ten patients with long-standing pain were treated with electric shock on the neurological ward of a general hospital. The location of the pain and the associated pathology are indicated as follows: Causalgic pain in the left hand in a diabetic patient coming on after an operation for stenosing tenosynovitis Pain and weakness in the lower extremities associated with a bony spur of the cervical cord and arachnoiditis following surgery Orbital pain following enucleation of an eye (two cases) Pain in the back

Although cerebral blindness is well known and has been described in numerous communications,37,28,8detailed studies, particularly those relating to changes in the visual functions over the course of time, have been limited. Thus the condition of the fields of vision before blindness is rarely known, and the history of the onset is often incomplete. Moreover patients usually have severe mental disturbances which make it impossible to determine whether they are totally blind. When there is residual vision, perimetry and other visual studies are difficult. Finally, in most instances there is little information on the degree and mode of recovery from the "blindness." In practice, the most frequent cause of cerebral blindness is occlusive vascular disease involving both occipital lobes.37Cerebral blindness which is often incomplete may also occur in other conditions, among them being complications of ventriculography28and carotid angiography.38,13Cases have been reported following catheter

MANY DESCRIPTIONS of the phenomenon of denial of illness have been published.1The literature contains little, however, concerning the frequency of its occurrence. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the incidence of denial of illness in patients with hemiplegia. We chose hemiplegia because of its prevalence and extensive somatic involvement and for historical reasons. The study also permitted us to observe denial of illness in relation to the mental state of the patient, the side of the body involved, and other factors. The term anosognosia, introduced by Babinski in 1914,1ereferred to two cases of left hemiplegia, but it has subsequently been used by others to denote denial of other illnesses as well. Another phenomenon, the denial of existence of a part of the body, sometimes called autotopagnosia or somatoagnosia,1ghas at times been confused with anosognosia. For the sake of clarity, we decided to

Medical literature contains many descriptions of the clinical features and operative findings in cases of subdural hematoma. 1 The criteria for diagnosis, however, are usually discussed only in terms of proved subdural hematoma. Little attention has been directed to cases in which a subdural hematoma was suspected clinically but was not found at operation. It is our chief purpose in this report to compare two such groups in order to evaluate better the diagnostic and prognostic features of this important clinical entity. Another aspect of this disorder that has received relatively little consideration is the clinical course following surgical treatment. It is often the impression of those not intimately connected with neurological or neurosurgical services that recovery is to be expected after removal of a subdural clot. We shall show that this conception, while sometimes true in the individual case, cannot be applied to subdural hematomas in general. CLINICAL MATERIAL

Examination of visual fields can be conducted by several methods. Standard perimetry may demonstrate demarcated field defects which can be used for comparison purposes, but this method requires good cooperation. Other tests, such as responses to threatening gestures, may give a clue to gross visual field loss in uncooperative subjects, but often are unreliable. Still others (e.g., color perimetry, double simultaneous stimulation, and flicker perimetry) may elicit characteristics of a visual field defect not otherwise obtainable. Since all of these techniques have advantages and disadvantages, an additional test which requires a minimum of patient cooperation, yet yields consistent results, would be desirable. Previous studies have shown that various types of pseudoisochromatic (color) plates, 1,2 originally designed to detect congenital color deficiency, can also disclose central scotomas due to retinal or optic nerve involvement; defects in naming the numbers or figures on the color plates were found in the eye with

MOST DESCRIPTIONS of eye movements are based on direct observation. The unaided eye, however, cannot always discriminate the to-and-fro ocular movements which occur in nystagmus. Moreover, verbal description, no matter how elaborate, cannot convey the subtle character of some of these ocular excursions, particularly their frequency. For an accurate description, the eye movements must be graphically recorded. Recordings of eye movements have been made for many years. Most of the methods, however, are cumbersome, complicated, or uncomfortable for the patient, and they do not lend themselves readily to clinical research. A method which is easy and needs only equipment ordinarily available in a hospital is one based on electrical recording. The purpose of this study is to describe eye movements, particularly those of nystagmus, by means of electrical recording. Normal and abnormal eye movements have been studied. Furthermore, since it is known that intravenous injections of barbiturates influence eye movements

Cerebral blindness, often called "cortical" blindness, may be defined as bilateral absence of light perception (under the usual conditions of testing) caused by disease of the cerebral hemispheres. The lesions involve the retrogeniculate portions of the visual system on both sides, either the optic radiations or the calcarine cortex or both. For the purpose of this study, fulfillment of the following clinical criteria was required: 1. The patient was totally blind. 2. The eyes themselves (that is, media, retina, and optic nerve) were normal or showed only minor abnormality, incapable of causing blindness. 3. The pupillary light reactions were normal. 4. There was other evidence of bilateral cerebral disorder, either at the time the blindness developed or in the past. The limitations of these criteria will be discussed later. This entity is well known, and many cases have been reported since the classical paper of Forster in 1890.11These