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Background: Muscle mass and phase angle (PhA) can be measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Osteoarthritis of the hip (OAhip) causes decreased muscle mass and PhA in the deformed lower limb. However, previous studies have not accounted for the influence of sex, and thus, the relationship between muscle mass, PhA, and motor function remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between PhA, an index of muscle mass and quality measured using BIA, and motor function during gait and standing in female patients with OAhip. Methods: Muscle mass and PhA of patients with OAhip were measured using BIA. Motor function was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go test, ground reaction/weight, rate of force development/weight, and load ratio between the osteoarthritic (OA) and contralateral sides when standing up. The difference between the OA side and the contralateral lower limb was tested to clarify the characteristics of the deformed lower limb. The relationship between each motor function was determined using a partial correlation coefficient with age as a control variable and multiple regression analysis with each motor function as the dependent variable and age, OA-side muscle mass/body weight ratio, and PhA as independent variables. Results: This study involved 60 patients with OAhip (age 65.6 ± 7.6 years, height 154.2 ± 6.0 cm, weight 56.8 ± 10.5 kg) scheduled for unilateral total hip arthroplasty. Muscle mass, PhA, and lower limb load ratio were significantly decreased in the lower limbs on the OA side. Furthermore, using a partial correlation coefficient with age as a control variable, PhA showed significant correlations with motor functions related to standing up and walking, and multiple regression analysis revealed that PhA was independently related to each motor function. Conclusions: Evaluation and interventions that consider muscle quality rather than muscle mass are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Traditional weight-loss methods often result in the loss of both fat and muscle mass. For individuals with sarcopenic obesity (SO), additional muscle loss can exacerbate sarcopenia, leading to further declines in muscle strength and function, ultimately worsening quality of life. To mitigate this risk, weight-loss strategies should emphasize the preservation and building of muscle mass through adequate protein intake and tailored resistance training. This study aimed to evaluate changes in SO status following a 4-week multidisciplinary weight-loss intervention program in hospitalized patients with obesity. Methods: This study included adult patients with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2, aged 18–90 years). The SO diagnosis was performed using the handgrip strength (HGS) test and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) according to ESPEN/EASO-2022 guidelines. Results: A total of 2004 patients were enrolled, 64.8% female, with a mean age of 56 (±14) years and a BMI of 40.7 (±6.48) kg/m2. SO was present in 9.38% (188 patients) at baseline. At discharge, 80 patients (42.55%) were no longer classified as sarcopenic and showed significant improvements in HGS. The likelihood of resolving SO was not modified in patients with only phase angle (PhA) improvement (p-value = 0.141). Patients with HGS increment had a 65% probability to be No-SO at discharge and this probability, with the concomitant PhA increment, rose to 93% (p-value < 0.0001), indicating that functional changes and good nutrition status are crucial in improvement of SO. Muscle mass (MM) and SMMI remained unchanged in the studied cohort. Conclusions: Improvements in HGS and the PhA are potential markers for the efficacy of weight-loss programs tailored to patients with SO. These findings suggest that specific interventions focusing on these markers could be beneficial in managing SO patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Für Sportler, ihre Sportärzte und/oder Trainer ist das Wissen um die eigene Körperzusammensetzung von großem Vorteil. Wenn dies mit Hilfe der BIA ermittelt wird, bekommen die Beteiligten sogar noch einen Einblick, ob oder wie ein Training und/oder eine Ernährungsberatung wirksam sind und können gegebenenfalls frühzeitig umsteuern. Von besonderer Aussagekraft sind dabei Messparameter der BIA – der Phasenwinkel – und der Ergebnisparameter ECM/BCM-Index. Beide sind frei von den unvermeidbaren statistischen Unzulänglichkeiten der Auswertungsformeln für die Kompartimente Magermasse und Körperfett. For athletes, their sports doctors and/or coaches, the knowledge of their own body composition is of great advantage. If this is determined with the help of the BIA, those involved even get an insight into whether or how training and/or nutritional counseling is effective and, if necessary, can change course at an early stage. Of particular significance are the measurement parameters of the BIA – the phase angle – and the result parameter ECM/BCM index. Both are free from the unavoidable statistical inadequacies of the evaluation formulas for the lean mass and body fat compartments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop an alternative approach to characterise the linear viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt binders. A rheogram model was firstly proposed based on the Carreau–Yasuda model; its accuracy was substantiated by high R2 values. The dynamic shear modulus master curve model was then obtained using the relationship between the magnitude of complex viscosity and dynamic shear modulus and the two definitions of the time-temperature shift factor. Afterwards, the phase angle master curve model was derived according to the approximate Kramers–Kronig relation. The proposed approach was demonstrated to be capable of accurately characterising the linear viscoelastic behaviour of selected asphalt binders. In addition, the predicted zero shear viscosity (ZSV) could be potentially employed to evaluate the asphalt binder rutting resistance. Compared with the widely-used Christensen-Anderson-Marasteanu (CAM) model, the developed master curves models were better at constructing the phase angle master curves of selected asphalt binders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the phase angle (PhA) through bioelectrical impedance (BIA) of children with intestinal failure (IF) using prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) followed by an Intestinal Rehabilitation Program, with a control group. Methods: Children under 10 years of age with IF using prolonged PN for >60 days (study group) were included. The control group consisted of healthy children without chronic pathologies, matched by sex and age. Anthropometric parameters evaluated were: weight, height, weight/ age z-score (W/A), height/age z-score (H/A), BMI, BMI/A z-score, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle circumference. BIA parameters were resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA). Results: Twenty-eight children were included in the study group, median (IQR) age was 11 (8(27) months, 53.6 % were male. In the control group, 28 children were included, median (IQR) age was 12.5 (8(24.7) months, 50 % were male. Children from the study group had W/A z-scores and H/A z-scores significantly lower than controls. There was no significant difference between PhA in the study group and controls, [median (IQR) 4.3° (3.8;4.6) vs 4.0° (3.8;5.4) respectively, p = 0.980]. Prematurity was significantly higher in the study group than in the controls, but there was no significant correlation between gestational age at birth and PhA of the children from the study group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture is an important factor in the design of asphalt pavement, and many scholars have proposed different models for estimating the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture, but there are almost no studies on the prediction of the dynamic modulus of semi-flexible materials. In order to analyze and estimate the dynamic modulus of semi-flexible materials, we set up a high-performance cementitious paste (HPCP) semi-flexible material and a reference group Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA-16) under multiple conditions, first measured its dynamic modulus in the laboratory, and analyzed the dynamic modulus characteristics of the material, and then used the equation the estimation equation proposed by Witczak et al. (Witczak1-37A) as a benchmark to introduce a new parameter, grouting mass ratio (Pb) to develop a Witczak- G prediction model to compare and validate the predicted dynamic modulus with the measured values. The results show that compared with SMA-16, HPCP semi-flexible material exhibits higher dynamic modulus and lower phase angle, and its temperature sensitivity and deformation resistance are significantly better than those of SMA-16. Under the influence of porosity and Pb factor, the dynamic modulus is positively correlated with both factors, and the phase angle increases first and then decreases, showing strong elastic properties. In this paper, we propose a dynamic modulus prediction model based on viscosity and Pb, Witczak-G, which predicts the highest coefficient of determination (R2) of the predicted dynamic modulus as high as 0.99 after initial fitting and validation, which indicates that the Witczak-G model is suitable for predicting the dynamic modulus of semi-flexible materials injected with HPCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease frequently accompanied by malnutrition due to weight loss, increased energy expenditure, and muscle mass loss. This study aimed to evaluate morphofunctional assessment tools as predictors of malnutrition and to investigate their relationship with muscle status and disease severity in ALS patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 45 ALS patients at the San Cecilio University Hospital in Granada. Malnutrition was assessed using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Morphofunctional assessment was performed using Bioimpedance Vectorial Analysis (BIVA), handgrip strength (HGS), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Malnutrition prevalence was 38% according to GLIM criteria. Significant differences were observed between malnourished and non-malnourished groups in age (70 ± 9 vs. 62 ± 10 years, p = 0.01), sex (female prevalence: 58.8% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.02), dysphagia prevalence (83% vs. 29%, p < 0.001), PEG/PRG use (35.3% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.01), and ALSFRS-R scores (30 ± 12 vs. 34 ± 12, p = 0.02). Malnourished patients had lower values in anthropometric measurements, muscle mass obtained by BIVA, and phase angle (PA) (4.05 ± 0.8° vs. 5.09 ± 0.8°, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in muscle strength or functional status. PA showed significant correlations with muscle strength (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and muscle mass measures (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). Moreover, PA was associated with poorer disease progression and physical performance. In our sample, BIVA metrics such as PA (<4.3°), SPA (<−0.8), body cell mass (<9.2 kg/m), and extracellular water (>49.75%) were identified as malnutrition risk factors. The study underscores the critical importance of comprehensive morphofunctional assessment and the use of advanced diagnostic criteria, for early identification and intervention in malnutrition among people with ALS. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and develop targeted nutritional strategies into routine clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition is a significant concern affecting the elderly, necessitating a complex assessment. This study aims to deepen the understanding of factors associated with the assessment of malnutrition in the elderly by comparing single- and multi-parameter approaches. In this cross-sectional study, 154 individuals underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Malnutrition risk was determined using the mini nutritional assessment (MNA). Additional factors assessed included sarcopenia, polypharmacy, depression, appetite, handgrip strength, and gait speed. Phase angle (PA) and body composition were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The MNA identified a malnutrition risk in 36.8% of individuals. The geriatric depression scale (GDS) and PA demonstrated moderate effectiveness in assessing malnutrition risk, with AUC values of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.60–0.78) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.54–0.72), respectively. A logistic regression model incorporating handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, depression, specific antidepressant use, mobility, appetite, and smoking achieved superior performance in predicting malnutrition risk, with an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77–0.91). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that integrating multiple parameters into a composite model provides a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of malnutrition risk in elderly adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For the study of quantitative and qualitative muscle parameters, ultrasound and bioelectric impedance analysis are reliable, non-invasive, and reproducible. The aim of this study was to test the combined role of those techniques for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in a population of hospitalized older males and females. Methods: A total of 70 subjects were recruited, including 10 healthy adults and 60 hospitalized elderly patients with a good level of independence and cooperation, with and without sarcopenia. The rectus femoris cross-sectional area (CSA), thickness, echogenicity, and compressibility were measured with ultrasound echography. The phase angles (PhAs) and skeletal muscle mass were calculated by bioimpedence analysis. The muscle quality index (MQI) was calculated as the product of CSA and PhA. Results: Muscle compressibility was greater and PhA was lower in sarcopenic when compared with non-sarcopenic subjects. The threshold values for sarcopenia diagnosis in both sexes of CSA, of PhA, and of the MQI were identified. The obtained CSA values showed an AUC of 0.852 for women and 0.867 for men, PhA of 0.792 in women and 0.898 in men, while MQI was 0.900 for women and 0.969 for men. Conclusions: The newly calculated cut-off values of CSA, PhA, and MQI predicted the presence of sarcopenia with good sensitivity and specificity values. The use of the MQI proved to be more promising than the separate use of CSA and PhA in both male and female subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of pre-frailty is notably high among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Pre-frailty, an early and reversible condition between non-frailty and frailty, can lead to adverse outcomes such as increased unplanned hospital admissions and a higher risk of other chronic diseases. Early identification and intervention of pre-frailty in MHD patients are crucial. This study aimed to establish a simple and effective model for screening and identifying MHD patients at high risk of pre-frailty by using 50 kHz-Whole Body Phase Angle (PhA) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), hand grip strength (HGS), the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), and laboratory parameters, with a specific focus on gender differences. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2023 at the Wenjiang Hemodialysis Center in the Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. A total of 244 MHD patients, including 130 males and 114 females, were enrolled, comprising 128 non-frail and 116 pre-frail individuals. Data were collected prospectively, including demographic information, physical measurements, and laboratory test results. All participants provided informed consent before enrollment. The FRAIL scale (FS) was used to assess pre-frailty in MHD patients. Grip strength was measured using an electronic grip strength tester, physical function was assessed using the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, and whole-body phase angle was measured using the InBody S10 device. Results: A total of 244 MHD patients with a mean age of 53.75 ± 0.90 years were enrolled, including 130 males with a mean age of 54.12 ± 1.26 years and 114 females with a mean age of 53.32 ± 1.29 years. ROC curve analysis showed that in male patients, the AUC of PhA for predicting pre-frailty was 0.919, with a sensitivity of 94.5% and specificity of 91.3%, and a cutoff value of 6.05°; in female patients, the AUC of PhA was 0.870, with a sensitivity of 70.5% and specificity of 90.6%, and a cutoff value of 5.25°. The AUC of FTSST for screening pre-frailty in male patients was 0.827, with a sensitivity of 62.3% and specificity of 96.2%, and a cutoff value of 12.95 s; in female patients, the AUC of FTSST was 0.784, with a sensitivity of 67.3% and specificity of 84.0%, and a cutoff value of 12.95 s. Additionally, in male patients, the combination of PhA and FTSST resulted in an AUC of 0.930, with a sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 81.3%; in female patients, the AUC was 0.911, with a sensitivity of 78.7% and specificity of 92.5%. Conclusion: PhA measured by BIA, in combination with the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, serves as an effective screening tool and predictor of pre-frailty in MHD patients. The combination of PhA and FTSST shows enhanced diagnostic value in female patients, while PhA alone is sufficient for predicting pre-frailty in male patients. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051111), registered on 2021–09-13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionsTo determine whether Opto-Electronic Plethysmography (OEP) can distinguish Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) breathing patterns by comparing individuals with and without EIB, and between broncho-constriction and recovery. Breathing pattern was quantified in terms of regional contribution, breathing timing, and the phase between chest sub-compartments which indicates the synchronization in movement of the different sub-compartments.Individuals (n = 47) reporting no respiratory symptoms and no history of any respiratory disease or disorder were assumed to have a healthy breathing pattern. Of 38 participants reporting respiratory symptoms during exercise, and/or a previous diagnosis of asthma or EIB, 10 participants had a positive result to the Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea test, defined as a fall of at least 10% in FEV1 from baseline at two consecutive time points and were classified into the EIB group. OEP data was obtained from 89 markers and an 11-camera motion capture system operating at 100 Hz as follows: pre- and post-EVH challenge, and post-inhaler in participants who experienced a bronchoconstriction, and 2) for the healthy group during tidal breathing.RCpRCa-Phase (upper versus lower ribcage), RCaS-Phase (lower ribcage versus shoulders), and RCpS-Phase (upper ribcage versus shoulders) differed between bronchoconstriction and rest in athletes with EIB and rest in healthy participants (p < 0.05), in all cases indicating greater asynchrony post-bronchoconstriction, and later movement of the abdominal ribcage (RCa) post-bronchoconstriction. RCpS-Phase was different (p < 0.05) between all conditions (rest, post-bronchoconstriction, and post-inhaler) in EIB.OEP can characterize and distinguish EIB-associated breathing patterns compared to rest and individuals without EIB at rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase angle (PhA), a marker of nutritional status obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), is associated with the integrity of cell membranes. Damage to muscle fiber membranes can impact muscle strength, which is related to adverse outcomes in adults with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of the PhA in identifying muscle weakness in candidates for kidney transplants (KTs). Secondly, it aimed to examine the associations of PhA with other parameters of body composition, exercise performance, and muscle structure. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve were used to evaluate the PhA (index test) as a biomarker of muscle weakness. Muscle strength was estimated with maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the quadriceps (MVCI-Q) of the dominant side. Muscle weakness was defined as MVIC-Q < 40% of body weight. A total of 119 patients were evaluated (mean age 63.7 years, 75.6% men). A phase angle cut-off of 5.1° was identified to classify men with a higher likelihood of having low muscle strength in upper limbs (MVIC-Q 40% of their body weight). Male KT candidates with PhA < 5.1° had poorer exercise capacity, lower muscle strength, less muscle mass, and smaller muscle size. A PhA < 5.1° was significantly associated with an eight-fold higher muscle weakness risk (OR = 8.2, 95%CI 2.3–29.2) in a binary regression model adjusted by age, frailty, and hydration status. Remarkably, PhA is an easily obtainable objective parameter in CKD patients, requiring no volitional effort from the individual. The associations of PhA with aerobic capacity, physical activity, muscle mass, and muscle size underscore its clinical relevance and potential utility in the comprehensive evaluation of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study is to determine if there is an association between phase angle obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and mortality in older patients with fragility hip fractures. A prospective study of patients over 65 years old and hospitalized with a diagnosis of hip fracture was conducted. BIA was performed 24 to 48 h after surgery. Mortality was recorded, and the optimal phase angle cut-off value for predicting mortality was determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A total of 262 patients were included. Of the patients studied, 10 (3.8%), 21 (8%), 39 (14.9%) and 53 (20.2%) died at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. The phase angle cut-off for mortality at 12 months was 4.05° in women and 4.65° in men. A total of 94 patients (35.9%) were considered to have a low phase angle. After adjustment for possible confounders, mortality in patients with a low phase angle was 5.1 times higher at 1 month, 3.1 times higher at 3 months, 2.9 times higher at 6 months, and 2.8 times higher at 12 months. Phase angle is associated with prognosis in patients admitted for hip fracture regardless of age and comorbidities and can be positioned as a prognostic tool for mortality at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ration (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels can be used as systemic infallamotory parameters. Asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Phase Angle (PhA) is a potential paremeter to screen for inflammatory abnormalities. In present study we aimed to determine the relations between NLR, PLR, ADMA, and PhA in terms of early markers for nutritonal status in addition to their well-known role in inflammation. Methods: A total of 89 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 3 days a week at least 6 months were enrolled. To assess nutritional status, we performed the dietary questionnaire and mini nutritional assessment score (MNAS). ADMA was measured by ELISA. NLR and PLR are calculated from monthly complete blood count tests. Patients were divided into 2 groups accordng to NLR levels as group 1 (NLR ≥ 4.6; n=48) ve and group 2 (NLR<4.6, n=41). Results: The mean ADMA level was 0.03±0.01 µmol/L, the mean PhA was 7.2 ± 1.1°. In subgroup analysis, MNAS, albumin levels and phase angle of patients in group 1 were lower and CRP, PLR, ADMA levels were higher when compared to group 2. In correlation analysis, NLO was positively correlated with PLR, CRP and ADMA however negatively correlated with albumin and PhA levels. In regression analysis, NLR, PLR and ADMA were detected as independent predictors of MNAS. Conclusion: In conclusion our study suggests that NLR, PLR and ADMA are independent predictors for nutritional status and inflammation in patients ongoing hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of various aspects of physical activity, including intensity, duration, type, and purpose, with the phase angle (PhA), an objective indicator of health, in Korean adults after stratification by sex. Data from the 2022 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationwide, representative, population-based survey, were used. In total, 3996 participants were included in the study. Participants self-reported their weekly intensity, frequency, duration of engagement in physical activity. PhA was categorized into two groups on the basis of sex-specific averages. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between physical activity and PhA, and proportional odds logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between physical activity and different subclasses of PhA. A positive association was found between sufficiently active aerobic physical activity and PhA compared with inactive physical activity (sufficiently active, male: odds ratio = 1.952, 95% confidence interval = 1.373–2.776; female: odds ratio = 1.333, 95% confidence interval = 1.019–1.745). This association was further strengthened when aerobic physical activity was accompanied by muscle-strengthening activity (sufficiently active with muscle-strengthening activity, male: aOR = 2.318, 95% CI = 1.512–3.554; female: aOR = 1.762, 95% CI = 1.215–2.556) and vigorous-intensity activities (sufficiently active with sufficient vigorous-intensity activity, male: aOR = 2.785, 95% CI = 1.647–4.709; female: aOR = 2.505, 95% CI = 1.441–4.356) and when there was more leisure-time physical activity than occupational physical activity (sufficiently active with more leisure-time physical activity, male: aOR = 2.158, 95% CI = 1.483–3.140; female: aOR = 1.457, 95% CI = 1.078–1.969). Furthermore, the inclusion of muscle-strengthening activity made a significant difference in the values of PhA for males with insufficiently active physical activity (aOR = 2.679, 95% CI = 1.560–4.602). For females with highly active physical activity (aOR = 1.521, 95% CI = 1.068–2.166), the inclusion of muscle-strengthening and vigorous-intensity activities were significantly associated with higher values for PhA. This study can be utilized to provide specific suggestions for better health programs and can change perception that only occupational physical activity is enough. This study also indicated that PhA can be used for personalized health assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the very prevalent microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), severely threatens the quality of life of diabetic patients. Thus, prevention of DPN is extremely important for public health, and the identification of potential biomarkers may help with early prevention. Our work determined the association between phase angles (PhAs) and the risk of DPN in T2DM patients. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 697 T2DM patients from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. All patients were divided into the non-diabetic peripheral neuropathy group and diabetic peripheral neuropathy group, and the DPN group was further divided into low, medium, and high diabetic foot ulcer risk groups according to vibration perception threshold results. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses continuously, the relationship between PhAs (arms, legs, trunk, and whole body) and the risk of DPN were evaluated. Further analysis was conducted on different subgroups of the study population. Results: After adjusting for the potential covariates, multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that PhAs of the arms, legs, and whole body correlated inversely with the risk of DPN. However, the PhA of the trunk had no significant correlation with DPN. According to the stratified subgroup analysis, the negative association between PhA of the whole body and the risk of DPN remained significant in the sex and BMI group except for participants with BMI ≥ 28 kg/m². Conclusions: For the first time, PhAs were acknowledged to be independently associated with DPN. Further exploration is needed to explain the findings. Highlights: To date, there has been no published research on the association between phase angles (PhAs) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in Chinese Type 2 diabetes patients. This research investigated the correlation of PhAs with DPN in Type 2 diabetes patients. Our research was the first to illustrate that the PhAs of the arms, legs, and whole body were to be an independent protective factor of DPN. Lower PhA levels in the DPN group may be attributed to cell damage caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Muscle mass and phase angle (PhA) can be measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Osteoarthritis of the hip (OAhip) causes decreased muscle mass and PhA in the deformed lower limb. However, previous studies have not accounted for the influence of sex, and thus, the relationship between muscle mass, PhA, and motor function remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between PhA, an index of muscle mass and quality measured using BIA, and motor function during gait and standing in female patients with OAhip. Methods Muscle mass and PhA of patients with OAhip were measured using BIA. Motor function was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go test, ground reaction/weight, rate of force development/weight, and load ratio between the osteoarthritic (OA) and contralateral sides when standing up. The difference between the OA side and the contralateral lower limb was tested to clarify the characteristics of the deformed lower limb. The relationship between each motor function was determined using a partial correlation coefficient with age as a control variable and multiple regression analysis with each motor function as the dependent variable and age, OA-side muscle mass/body weight ratio, and PhA as independent variables. Results This study involved 60 patients with OAhip (age 65.6 ± 7.6 years, height 154.2 ± 6.0 cm, weight 56.8 ± 10.5 kg) scheduled for unilateral total hip arthroplasty. Muscle mass, PhA, and lower limb load ratio were significantly decreased in the lower limbs on the OA side. Furthermore, using a partial correlation coefficient with age as a control variable, PhA showed significant correlations with motor functions related to standing up and walking, and multiple regression analysis revealed that PhA was independently related to each motor function. Conclusions Evaluation and interventions that consider muscle quality rather than muscle mass are important.

Objective: To compare the phase angle (PhA) through bioelectrical impedance (BIA) of children with intestinal failure (IF) using prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) followed by an Intestinal Rehabilitation Program, with a control group. Methods: Children under 10 years of age with IF using prolonged PN for >60 days (study group) were included. The control group consisted of healthy children without chronic pathologies, matched by sex and age. Anthropometric parameters evaluated were: weight, height, weight/age z-score (W/A), height/age z-score (H/A), BMI, BMI/A z-score, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle circumference. BIA parameters were resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA). Results: Twenty-eight children were included in the study group, median (IQR) age was 11 (8–27) months, 53.6 % were male. In the control group, 28 children were included, median (IQR) age was 12.5 (8–24.7) months, 50 % were male. Children from the study group had W/A z-scores and H/A z-scores significantly lower than controls. There was no significant difference between PhA in the study group and controls, [median (IQR) 4.3° (3.8;4.6) vs 4.0° (3.8;5.4) respectively, p = 0.980]. Prematurity was significantly higher in the study group than in the controls, but there was no significant correlation between gestational age at birth and PhA of the children from the study group. Conclusion: Children with IF using prolonged PN showed lower W/A and H/A compared to the control group, but without significant difference between the PhA of children with IF compared to controls.

Abstract Background The importance of preoperative physical function assessment for post‐operative intervention has been reported in older patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Phase angle (PhA), measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, is an indicator of cellular health and integrity and is reported as a prognostic factor in several chronic diseases; however, its association with the long‐term prognosis of cardiovascular surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PhA for long‐term mortality in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Methods This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent elective cardiovascular surgery between October 2016 and March 2021 at Nagoya Heart Center, Japan. PhA was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis before surgery, and physical function measures (gait speed, grip strength and short physical performance battery [SPPB]) were measured synchronously. The association between PhA and all‐cause mortality after discharge was assessed using Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The incremental prognostic value of PhA was compared with other physical function measures using net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results A total of 858 patients were included in the present analysis (mean age = 68.4 ± 11.9 years, 67.6% male). PhA positively correlated with body mass index (ρ = 0.38, P

Abstract Background The prevalence of pre-frailty is notably high among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Pre-frailty, an early and reversible condition between non-frailty and frailty, can lead to adverse outcomes such as increased unplanned hospital admissions and a higher risk of other chronic diseases. Early identification and intervention of pre-frailty in MHD patients are crucial. This study aimed to establish a simple and effective model for screening and identifying MHD patients at high risk of pre-frailty by using 50 kHz-Whole Body Phase Angle (PhA) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), hand grip strength (HGS), the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), and laboratory parameters, with a specific focus on gender differences. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2023 at the Wenjiang Hemodialysis Center in the Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. A total of 244 MHD patients, including 130 males and 114 females, were enrolled, comprising 128 non-frail and 116 pre-frail individuals. Data were collected prospectively, including demographic information, physical measurements, and laboratory test results. All participants provided informed consent before enrollment. The FRAIL scale (FS) was used to assess pre-frailty in MHD patients. Grip strength was measured using an electronic grip strength tester, physical function was assessed using the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, and whole-body phase angle was measured using the InBody S10 device. Results A total of 244 MHD patients with a mean age of 53.75 ± 0.90 years were enrolled, including 130 males with a mean age of 54.12 ± 1.26 years and 114 females with a mean age of 53.32 ± 1.29 years. ROC curve analysis showed that in male patients, the AUC of PhA for predicting pre-frailty was 0.919, with a sensitivity of 94.5% and specificity of 91.3%, and a cutoff value of 6.05°; in female patients, the AUC of PhA was 0.870, with a sensitivity of 70.5% and specificity of 90.6%, and a cutoff value of 5.25°. The AUC of FTSST for screening pre-frailty in male patients was 0.827, with a sensitivity of 62.3% and specificity of 96.2%, and a cutoff value of 12.95 s; in female patients, the AUC of FTSST was 0.784, with a sensitivity of 67.3% and specificity of 84.0%, and a cutoff value of 12.95 s. Additionally, in male patients, the combination of PhA and FTSST resulted in an AUC of 0.930, with a sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 81.3%; in female patients, the AUC was 0.911, with a sensitivity of 78.7% and specificity of 92.5%. Conclusion PhA measured by BIA, in combination with the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, serves as an effective screening tool and predictor of pre-frailty in MHD patients. The combination of PhA and FTSST shows enhanced diagnostic value in female patients, while PhA alone is sufficient for predicting pre-frailty in male patients. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051111), registered on 2021–09-13.

Summary: Objective: Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function, is prevalent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Early diagnosis is crucial, but universal screening is often hindered by the complexity of diagnostic algorithms and limited clinical resources. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the ability of bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle (PhA), a convenient and cost-effective technique, in detecting sarcopenia among PD patients. Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 multi-ethnic PD patients in Malaysia. Sarcopenia was assessed using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 diagnostic algorithm. PhA was measured by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device at 50kHz. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictability of PhA on sarcopenia. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of PhA in detecting sarcopenia. Optimal gender-specific PhA cut-off values for sarcopenia detection were determined based on desired sensitivity and specificity. Results: Sarcopenia was identified in 25.4% of the PD patients. PhA emerged as an independent predictor of sarcopenia (adjOR= 0.147; 95%CI =0.042–0.516; P =0.003), exhibiting excellent discriminative power in identifying sarcopenia (adjAUCoverall= 0.818±0.041; bootstrapped 95%CI =0.734–0.899, P

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of morbidity and disability worldwide. Due to modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to protect patients with acute coronary syndromes from myocardial infarction as well from its early complications. However, the challenge remains to improve the long-term prognosis of CVDs. Analysis of body composition using the bioelectrical impedance (BIA) appears to be a good method for assessing changes in patients’ organisms following various cardiac incidents, as well as those participating in rehabilitation programmes. This study aims to provide a complementary analysis of the scientific literature and a critical review of the data from the use of BIA to assess phase angle in people with a history of cardiac diseases. This critical literature review was prepared based on the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles recommendations. Inclusion criteria included 1) original publications of a research nature, 2) papers indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase databases, 3) full-text articles in English, 4) recent papers published between 2013–2023, 5) papers on the use of BIA with phase angle assessment as a prognostic factor in multiple aspects of health and disease, 6) papers showing changes in body composition in the process of cardiac rehabilitation. Based on a review of PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases, 36, 31 and 114 publications were found, respectively, chosen on the basis of precisely selected keywords and included for further full-text analysis. Exploring the role of the BIA holds lots of hope as a non-invasive method that can be used as a predictive marker for changes in the state of health in various fields of medicine. In young, healthy adults, BIA parameters may be important in identifying risk factors for the development of particular diseases, in predicting the rapid development of disease symptoms and in promoting motivation to lifestyle changes. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(3):243–254

Abstract The study of the outcomes of critically ill patients has been a hard stuff in the field of intensive care. To explore the relationship between changes of severity scores, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and outcomes of critically ill patients, we enrolled patients (n = 206) admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in Jinling Hospital from 2018 to 2021 with records of BIA on the days 1- and 3- ICU. Collected BIA and clinical data including simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II) and sequential organ failure assessment. According to the baseline and change of severity scores or phase angle (PA) values, the patients were divided into: G–G, baseline good status, 3rd day unchanged; G–B, baseline good status, 3rd day deteriorated; B–G, baseline bad status, 3rd day improved; and B–B, baseline bad status, 3rd day unchanged. According to PA, the mortality of group G–G was 8.6%, and it was greater than 50% in group B–B for severity scores. The new score combining PA and severity scores established. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PA–SAPS II score was the only independent factor for 90-day mortality (P

Abstract To examine the association between levels of physical fitness, parameters of body composition and phase angle (PhA) amongst adolescents. A total of 152 adolescents (84 girls) aged 11–16 years were included in this study. Weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provided resistance and reactance parameters to calculate fat-free mass (FFM), PhA and fat mass (%FM). The following physical fitness variables were analysed: flexibility, abdominal muscular endurance, upper and lower limb explosive strength, agility, speed and cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized Linear Models were applied to verify differences across sexes. Stepwise linear regression was used to establish an association between the variables studied. The study established an association between PhA and weight, FFM, BMI, FM, %FM and medicine ball throw (MBT) for girls. As for the boys, an association was verified between PhA and weight, FFM, BMI, standing long jump (SLJ), MBT and the three allometric VO2peak variables analyzed. An association was found between PhA and the boys’ 4-m shuttle run test (4SRT) and 20-m sprint test (20SRT). Boys showed a greater phase angle than girls; In girls, BMI and %FM, were determinant of 32.4% (r = 0.57). PhA variability which is influenced by physical fitness, body composition and, therefore, the tissues electrical conductivity. Furthermore, boys’ height, FFM, upper limb strength, and agility account for 58.4% (r = 0.76) PhA variability. There was a positive correlation between the physical fitness tests and the PhA.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, predominantly affecting patients with chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B or C-induced cirrhosis. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests (assessing liver functions and HCC biomarkers), imaging procedures such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and liver biopsies requiring the removal of liver tissue for laboratory analysis. However, these diagnostic methods either entail lengthy lab processes, require expensive imaging equipment, or involve invasive techniques like liver biopsies. Hence, there exists a crucial need for rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive techniques to characterize HCC, whether in serum or tissue samples. In this study, we developed a spiral sensor implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) technology that utilizes impedance spectroscopy and applied it to 24 tissues and sera samples as proof of concept. This newly devised circuit has successfully characterized HCC and normal tissue and serum samples. Utilizing the distinct dielectric properties between HCC cells and serum samples versus the normal samples across a specific frequency range, the differentiation between normal and HCC samples is achieved. Moreover, the sensor effectively characterizes two HCC grades and distinguishes cirrhotic/non-cirrhotic samples from tissue specimens. In addition, the sensor distinguishes cirrhotic/non-cirrhotic samples from serum specimens. This pioneering study introduces Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) spiral sensor for diagnosing HCC and liver cirrhosis in clinical serum—an innovative, low-cost, rapid (

Abstract Objective The search for other indicators to assess the weight and nutritional status of individuals is important as it may provide more accurate information and assist in personalized medicine. This work is aimed to develop a machine learning predictions of weigh status derived from bioimpedance measurements and other physical parameters of healthy younger volunteers from Southern Cuba Region. Methods A pilot random study at the Pediatrics Hospital was conducted. The volunteers were selected between 2002 and 2008, ranging in age between 2 and 18 years old. In total, 776 female and male volunteers are studied. Along the age and sex in the cohort, volunteers with class I obesity, overweight, underweight and with normal weight are considered. The bioimpedance parameters are obtained by measuring standard tetrapolar whole-body configuration. The bioimpedance analyser is used, collecting fundamental bioelectrical and other parameters of interest. A classification model are performed, followed by a prediction of the body mass index. Results The results derived from the classification leaner reveal that the size, body density, phase angle, body mass index, fat-free mass, total body water volume according to Kotler, body surface area, extracellular water according to Kotler and sex largely govern the weight status of this population. In particular, the regression model shows that other bioparameters derived from impedance measurements can be associated with weight status estimation with high accuracy. Conclusion The classification and regression predictive models developed in this work are of the great importance to assist the diagnosis of weigh status with high accuracy. These models can be used for prompt weight status evaluation of younger individuals at the Pediatrics Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in the world. Up to 84% of diagnosed patients have malnutrition, which can negatively affect quality of life and survival and may worsen with neoadjuvant treatment. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-Derived Phase Angle (PhA) in these patients could be a valid tool to assess the nutritional status in order to improve their condition. Methods This review provides an update on PhA assessment in lung cancer patients over the past twenty years. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, for articles regarding the PhA obtained from Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in lung cancer patients. The authors independently performed a literature search: sample size, patient population, study type, study dates, survival and interventions were evaluated. The final review included 11 studies from different countries. Results Eight studies only considered patients with lung cancer, while three studies considered patients with different kind of cancer, including lung. Correlation data between PhA and age are conflicting. In patients undergoing clinical treatment and patients undergoing surgical treatment lower PhA was observed. A lower PhA is associated with a shorter survival. In three studies emerged a relationship between Karnofski Performance Status and Handgrip Strenght with PhA. From one study, univariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher PhA values represent a protective factor for sarcopenia. Conclusion Our research underlined interesting, but not conclusive, results on this topic; however more researches are needed to understand the clinical meaning of PhA.

Background. The issue of sarcopenia is becoming increasingly relevant for children, yet its relationship with phase angle (PA) of bioimpedance analysis remains incompletely understood. Objective: to investigate the relationship between phase angle and body composition in children aged 8 to 14 years. Materials and methods. Data from bioimpedance analysis, correlation, and regression analysis were utilized. Results. During the study, it was found that in girls, PA correlates with body fat (BF) and skeletal muscle (SM and sarcopenic index (SI)) content, with correlation coefficients of 0.36, 0.43, and 0.34, respectively. Additionally, regression analysis showed that SI plays a significant role in determining PA in girls, explaining 18.18 % of the variance. In boys, a positive correlation between PA and SI was also observed, with a correlation coefficient of 0.63, and SI played a key role in determining PA, explaining 40.39 % of the variance. It was also found that SM content has a weaker but statistically significant impact on PA in both genders, explaining 14.70 % of the variance in girls and 7.17 % in boys. Total body mass also showed a weak but statistically significant correlation with PA in girls and boys. Further analysis revealed that the relationship between PA and body composition was significant, particularly in the H-L plane, where PA was more dependent on skeletal muscle content, indicating the importance of considering this parameter when assessing the physiological status of children’s bodies. Conclusions. The results of this study underscore the importance of phase angle as a marker for assessing body composition in children. The identified positive association between PA and body composition suggests a potential usefulness of PA in determining sarcopenia and musculoskeletal health. For further clinical use of PA in clinical practice, standardization of measurement methodo­logy and creation of reference databases are necessary

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-agonists (GLP-1ra), such as semaglutide, have emerged as promising treatments, demonstrating sustained weight reduction and metabolic benefits. This study aims to assess the impact of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide on body composition and metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM and obesity. Methods: A 24-week quasi-experimental retrospective study including adults with T2DM and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) who were treated with either daily-oral or weekly-subcutaneous semaglutide. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, evaluating fat mass, fat-free mass, total body water, skeletal muscle mass, and whole-body phase angle. Analytical parameters included lipid profile and glycaemic control. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v.26. Results: Participants (n=88) experienced significant weight loss after treatment with semaglutide (9.5% in subcutaneous, 9.4% inoral, P<0.001). Weight reduction primarily resulted from fatmass reduction without substantial lean mass compromise. Visceral fatareadecreased, whiles phase-angleremainedstable. Improvements inlipid profiles and glycaemic control were observed, with a decrease in both HbA1c and insulin requirements. Multivariate analysis demonstrated comparable impacts of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide on body composition. Conclusion: Semaglutide, administered orally or subcutaneously, demonstrated positive effects on body composition, metabolic and glycaemic control in patients with T2DM and obesity. This real-world study highlights the potential of bioelectrical impedance analysis in assessing antidiabetic drugs' impact on body composition, providing valuable insights for future research and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide a basis for the structural analysis, design and maintenance of permeable asphalt pavements, and to promote their engineering promotion and application, this study investigated the dynamic viscoelastic properties of permeable asphalt mixtures (PAC-13) under complex stress states. A Simple Performance Tester (SPT) system was used to measure the dynamic modulus of the mix under complex stress states. The displacement factor and principal dynamic modulus curves were formed by fitting Sigmoidal functions and using 1stOpt (first optimization) software, the phase angle principal curves were further determined, and the dynamic modulus was predicted for the ambient phase (15–25 °C) using the Hirsch model. The results showed that the dynamic modulus of the mixtures decreases with an increasing temperature, and the maximum decrease in the dynamic modulus is 93% when the confining pressure is 100 kPa and the loading frequency is 10 Hz. The dynamic modulus increases with an increasing confining pressure and loading frequency, the maximum increase with an increasing confining pressure is 26.1% when the temperature is 25 °C and the loading frequency is 10 Hz, and the maximum increase with an increasing loading frequency is 411% when the temperature is 25 °C and the confining pressure is 100 Hz. The dynamic modulus has a strong frequency dependence at low temperatures, while it is stress-dependent at high temperatures. Meanwhile, based on the Hirsch model, a new modified prediction model was developed, which can well predict the dynamic modulus of permeable asphalt mixtures at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the association between levels of physical fitness, parameters of body composition and phase angle (PhA) amongst adolescents. A total of 152 adolescents (84 girls) aged 11–16 years were included in this study. Weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provided resistance and reactance parameters to calculate fat-free mass (FFM), PhA and fat mass (%FM). The following physical fitness variables were analysed: flexibility, abdominal muscular endurance, upper and lower limb explosive strength, agility, speed and cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized Linear Models were applied to verify differences across sexes. Stepwise linear regression was used to establish an association between the variables studied. The study established an association between PhA and weight, FFM, BMI, FM, %FM and medicine ball throw (MBT) for girls. As for the boys, an association was verified between PhA and weight, FFM, BMI, standing long jump (SLJ), MBT and the three allometric VO2peak variables analyzed. An association was found between PhA and the boys’ 4-m shuttle run test (4SRT) and 20-m sprint test (20SRT). Boys showed a greater phase angle than girls; In girls, BMI and %FM, were determinant of 32.4% (r = 0.57). PhA variability which is influenced by physical fitness, body composition and, therefore, the tissues electrical conductivity. Furthermore, boys’ height, FFM, upper limb strength, and agility account for 58.4% (r = 0.76) PhA variability. There was a positive correlation between the physical fitness tests and the PhA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions Protein‐energy wasting (PEW) is a common syndrome in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) and is associated with poor prognosis. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)‐derived phase angle (PA) is useful for predicting PEW, but sex and age need to be considered. We aimed to reveal sex‐specific cut‐off values of PA predicting PEW in HD patients aged ≥65.This two‐centre retrospective cohort study included patients on HD who underwent BIA. PEW was detected using the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) criteria as a reference. The PA was measured using a multifrequency bioimpedance device. Sex‐specific cut‐off values of PA predicting PEW were detected by receiver‐operator characteristic analysis. We investigated the association between PEW determined using sex‐specific cut‐off values for PA and all‐cause mortality.This study included 274 patients undergoing HD, with a median age of 75 (70–80) years, mean PA of 3.8 ± 1.1° and PEW of 43%. Over a median follow‐up duration of 1095 (400–1095) days, 111 patients died. Cut‐off values of PA predicting PEW were as follows: female, 3.00° (sensitivity, 87.3%; specificity, 77.5%), and male, 3.84° (sensitivity, 77.6%; specificity, 71.4%). The kappa coefficient between sex‐specific cut‐off values of the PA and ISRNM criteria had a moderate coincidence level of 0.55. PEW detected by PA was independently associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio: 2.40; 95% confidence interval: 1.51–3.85; p < .001).Sex‐specific cut‐off values for PA in older HD patients may be useful as a screening tool for predicting PEW and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, predominantly affecting patients with chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B or C-induced cirrhosis. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests (assessing liver functions and HCC biomarkers), imaging procedures such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and liver biopsies requiring the removal of liver tissue for laboratory analysis. However, these diagnostic methods either entail lengthy lab processes, require expensive imaging equipment, or involve invasive techniques like liver biopsies. Hence, there exists a crucial need for rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive techniques to characterize HCC, whether in serum or tissue samples. In this study, we developed a spiral sensor implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) technology that utilizes impedance spectroscopy and applied it to 24 tissues and sera samples as proof of concept. This newly devised circuit has successfully characterized HCC and normal tissue and serum samples. Utilizing the distinct dielectric properties between HCC cells and serum samples versus the normal samples across a specific frequency range, the differentiation between normal and HCC samples is achieved. Moreover, the sensor effectively characterizes two HCC grades and distinguishes cirrhotic/non-cirrhotic samples from tissue specimens. In addition, the sensor distinguishes cirrhotic/non-cirrhotic samples from serum specimens. This pioneering study introduces Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) spiral sensor for diagnosing HCC and liver cirrhosis in clinical serum—an innovative, low-cost, rapid (< 2 min), and precise PCB-based technology without elaborate sample preparation, offering a novel non-labeled screening approach for disease staging and liver conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the association of standardized phase angle (SPA) with nutritional status, functional parameters, and postoperative outcomes in surgical cancer patients. This prospective study includes 59 cancer patients from Pelotas (Brazil) admitted for elective cancer surgery. We obtained the phase angle through Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and standardized it according to the population's reference values. We estimated the muscle mass using BIA for later calculation of the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) and performed handgrip strength (HGS) and gait speed (GS) tests. We used the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) to assess the nutritional status. Postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay were evaluated as the outcomes. The prevalence of malnutrition in the sample was 28.8%, according to ASG-PPP. SPA was statistically lower in patients with malnutrition, with lower HGS and reduced GS. For postoperative outcomes, patients with severe complications and those with prolonged hospitalization also had lower SPA values. The greater the number of functional alterations in patients, the lower the SPA value, mainly when associated with reduced muscle mass assessed by BIA, suggesting that muscle mass reduction plays an important role in the association between functional alterations and phase angle in patients with cancer. According to the parameters used in this study, low SPA value was associated with impaired nutritional and functional status and negative outcomes in the analyzed sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex modulus (G*) is one of the important criteria for asphalt classification according to AASHTO M320-10, and is often used to predict the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt binders. In addition, phase angle (φ) characterizes the deformation resilience of asphalt and is used to assess the ratio between the viscous and elastic components. It is thus important to quickly and accurately estimate these two indicators. The purpose of this investigation is to construct an extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model to predict G* and φ of graphene oxide (GO) modified asphalt at medium and high temperatures. Two data sets are gathered from previously published experiments, consisting of 357 samples for G* and 339 samples for φ, and these are used to develop the XGB model using nine inputs representing the asphalt binder components. The findings show that XGB is an excellent predictor of G* and φ of GO-modified asphalt, evaluated by the coefficient of determination R2 (R2 = 0.990 and 0.9903 for G* and φ, respectively) and root mean square error (RMSE = 31.499 and 1.08 for G * and φ, respectively). In addition, the model's performance is compared with experimental results and five other machine learning (ML) models to highlight its accuracy. In the final step, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) value analysis is conducted to assess the impact of each input and the correlation between pairs of important features on asphalt's two physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in the world. Up to 84% of diagnosed patients have malnutrition, which can negatively affect quality of life and survival and may worsen with neoadjuvant treatment. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-Derived Phase Angle (PhA) in these patients could be a valid tool to assess the nutritional status in order to improve their condition. Methods: This review provides an update on PhA assessment in lung cancer patients over the past twenty years. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, for articles regarding the PhA obtained from Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in lung cancer patients. The authors independently performed a literature search: sample size, patient population, study type, study dates, survival and interventions were evaluated. The final review included 11 studies from different countries. Results: Eight studies only considered patients with lung cancer, while three studies considered patients with different kind of cancer, including lung. Correlation data between PhA and age are conflicting. In patients undergoing clinical treatment and patients undergoing surgical treatment lower PhA was observed. A lower PhA is associated with a shorter survival. In three studies emerged a relationship between Karnofski Performance Status and Handgrip Strenght with PhA. From one study, univariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher PhA values represent a protective factor for sarcopenia. Conclusion: Our research underlined interesting, but not conclusive, results on this topic; however more researches are needed to understand the clinical meaning of PhA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ischaemic heart disease, including myocardial infarction, is one of the main causes leading to heart failure as a consequence of ischaemic myocardial damage. In recent years, survival in the acute phase of myocardial infarction has improved significantly, but the high mortality rate within 12 months of hospital discharge (reaching up to 9.8% in Poland) remains a challenge. Therefore, the KOS-Zawał (MC-AMI) comprehensive 12-month post-MI care programme was introduced in Poland in 2017. Aim: This study aimed to assess body composition (including, but not limited to, the phase angle, visceral fat, total body fat, redistribution between intracellular and extracellular fluid in the body, and metabolic age) using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in post-MI patients before and after early post-MI rehabilitation who were participating in the KOS-Zawał (MC-AMI) programme. Methods: This study involved an examination (before rehabilitation) of 94 post-myocardial infarction patients who were referred to a cardiology appointment within 7–10 days of hospital discharge, during which a clinical assessment, electrocardiogram, and biochemical blood tests (complete blood count, CRP, and serum creatinine) were performed. For various reasons (death, qualification for device implantation, non-completion of rehabilitation, failure to attend a follow-up BIA), data from 55 patients who were examined twice (before and after rehabilitation) were used for the final analysis. Measurements were taken using a high-grade Tanita MC-780 BIA body composition analyser, which measured the resistance of tissues to a low-intensity electrical impulse (not perceptible to the subject). Results: Participation in rehabilitation as part of the KOS-Zawał (MC-AMI) programme was associated with a decrease in metabolic age in patients, with a reduction in visceral fat levels and levels of adipose tissue in the lower and upper limbs. Moreover, a clinically beneficial reduction in the ratio of extracellular water to total body water was also observed. These changes were statistically significant (p < 0.005). In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in the change in phase angle values in the subjects before and after the 5-week post-infarction rehabilitation. Conclusions: Participation in early post-myocardial infarction rehabilitation as part of the KOS-Zawał (MC-AMI) programme (25 training sessions) is associated with significant improvements in body composition parameters, such as visceral adipose tissue, limb fat, and water redistribution, and, consequently, a reduction in metabolic age, despite no significant increase in phase angle values. It was hypothesised that the good baseline condition of the subjects might explain the lack of significant change in the phase angle over the short observation period. For further analysis, it would be worthwhile to increase the number of patients with baseline reduced phase angle values and monitor changes in this parameter throughout rehabilitation and the entire MC-AMI programme, because changes in the phase angle may also be influenced by other programme components such as dietary or psychological education. It is worth considering implementing a regular BIA assessment in patients in the programme as a motivating stimulus for diligent exercise and extending rehabilitation to be followed by telerehabilitation or hybrid telerehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2020, 38% of adults were affected by obesity, while infertility globally affected 1 in 6 people at some stage of their lives.Body mass index (BMI) provides an easy but occasionally inaccurate estimation of body composition. To achieve a more precise assessment, bioelectric impedance analysis serves as a validated tool that administers electrical energy through surface electrodes. Phase angle as a function of the relationship between tissues resistance and reactance, is a trustworthy predictor of body composition and cell membrane integrity. Objectives: We aim to assess whether there is an association between phase angle and seminal parameters, as well as sperm DNA fragmentation percentage. Design: Semen samples of 520 idiopathic infertile patients were analyzed according to 2021 World Health Organization guidelines and evaluated for sperm DNA fragmentation rate. Each participants underwent bioelectric impedance analysis. Results: Median age was 40 years old, median BMI was 26.3 kg/m2, median phase angle was 6.2°. In the logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and total intracorporeal water, phase angle (continuous) was significantly associated with oligozoospermia (odds ratio [OR]:0.4; p<0.01) and sperm morphology (OR: 0.65; p=0.05) and slightly with sperm DNA fragmentation (OR: 0.98; p=0.07). In subgroup analysis, the logistic regression analysis adjusted for the mentioned parameters showed that a phase angle between 6.2 and 7 (°) (OR: 0.63; p=0.02) and >7 (°) (OR: 0.12; p<0.01) were associated with a reduced risk of oligozoospermia compared to values <6.2 (°). Similarly, a phase angle between 6.2 and 7 (°) (OR: 0.57; p< 0.01 and OR: 0.58; p= 0.01) and PA > 7 (°) (OR: 0.12; p= 0.03 and OR: 0.21; p< 0.01) were associated with a reduced risk of lower sperm concentration and lower total sperm count, respectively, compared to a phase angle < 6.2 (°). Conclusion: Our study suggests a negative association between phase angle and detrimental sperm parameters in male idiopathic infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the relationship between phase angle (PhA), an indicator of cellular health, and metabolic health parameters among junior sumo wrestlers in Japan. Given the demanding lifestyle and high‐energy diets of sumo wrestlers that predispose them to metabolic syndrome post‐retirement, this study focuses on a younger cohort. The primary aim is to evaluate if PhA could serve as an early indicator of metabolic health issues within this unique demographic. A total of 14 sumo wrestlers aged 9–17 years were assessed to determine the relationship between PhA and various metabolic markers, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), using a TANITA MC‐780A‐N body composition analyzer and standard blood tests. Bivariate regression analysis and Pearson's correlation revealed a negative relationship between PhA and HbA1c even after adjusting for age and weight (ß = −0.496, r2 = 0.776, r = −0.756, p = 0.004). The results indicate a significant negative relationship between PhA and HbA1c levels, suggesting that lower PhA values, which indicate poorer cellular integrity, are associated with higher HbA1c levels, signifying impaired glycemic control. These findings underscore the potential of PhA as a valuable biomarker for monitoring metabolic health in young sumo wrestlers, with implications for early intervention and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The assessment of body composition through the analysis of Bioelectrical Impendance (BIA) has increased in clinical practice and hospital with on the parameter of the phase angle (PA) with application in the prognosis of the development of several diseases. Objective: To evaluate the application of the phase angle in the evolution of the treatment of overweight or obese individuals. Materials and Methods: Critical narrative review through bibliographic survey of scientific materials and articles on the application of the PA as a tool in cases involving overweight or obesity. Results: The PA is related to the integrity of the cell membrane may indicate the evolution and severity of a disease and cellular balance especially in individuals with an inflammatory profile who are at high risk of oxidative stress and cell damage. Factors such as ethnicity, sex and age interfere with the use of the PA as a monitoring tool of the evolution of overweight and obesity making its isolated application difficult for this case. The lack of studies for populations and the lack of standardization in obtaining data limit the use in clinical and hospital practice when related exclusively to monitoring the evolution of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: The PA has potential as an auxiliary tool in the prognosis of overweight and obese individuals. The lack of reference values for this public is an obstacle to its application in clinical and hospital practice requiring more specific studies by ethnicity, sex, and age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Association between PhA and postoperative outcomes was assessed in LSS patients. • PhA was associated with JOA score pre- and post-operatively. • PhA may be useful as a clinical indicator for patients undergoing LSS surgery. No reports of longitudinal studies on phase angle (PhA) in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) exist, and its association with postoperative clinical outcomes is unclear. We longitudinally investigated PhA in patients with LSS preoperatively to 12 months postoperatively and determined the association between PhA and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. This prospective observational study included patients who underwent consecutive surgical treatments for clinically and radiologically defined LSS. Outcome measures including walking speed, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), JOA score, and PhA based on bioelectrical impedance analysis were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Correlations between PhA and the JOA score and motor function were analyzed. The effect of PhA on JOA scores was evaluated using mixed-effect models for repeated measurements (MMRM). Eighty-nine patients were included at baseline, and 85, 85, and 78 patients were analyzed at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. PhA was 3.9 ± 0.8 (p = 0.086), 4.0 ± 0.8 (p = 0.644), and 4.1 ± 0.9 (p = 0.791) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and 4.2 ± 0.8 at baseline. PhA was significantly correlated with the JOA score (p < 0.01) and walking speed and TUG results (p < 0.01) at all assessment points. In the MMRM, PhA was associated with the JOA score at all assessment points. Changes in postoperative JOA scores after lumbar spine surgery are associated with PhA at each assessment time point. PhA may be a useful postoperative clinical indicator after surgery for LSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Body composition and phase angle (PhA) have been used to predict mortality in multiple diseases. However, little has been studied regarding segmental measurements, which could potentially help assess subtle changes in specific tissue segments. This study aimed to identify the total PhA cut-off point associated with mortality risk and changes in body composition within a week of hospitalisation in non-critical hospitalised patients with COVID-19. A cohort study was conducted where patients underwent to a complete nutritional assessment upon admission and after seven days, and followed up until hospital discharge or death. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine the PhA cut-off point, and the Kaplan–Meier estimator was used to determine survival analysis. Segmental and complete body compositions on admission and after 7 d were compared. We included 110 patients (60 men) with a mean age of 50·5 ± 15·0 years and a median BMI of 28·5 (IQR, 25·6–33·5) kg/m2. The median length of hospital stay was 6 (IQR, 4–9) d, and the mortality rate was 13·6 %. The PhA cut-off point obtained was 4°, with significant differences in the survival rate (P < 0·001) and mortality (HR = 5·81, 95 % CI: 1·80, 18·67, P = 0·003). Segmental and whole-body compositions were negatively affected within one week of hospitalisation, with changes in the approach by the graphical method in both sexes. Nutritional status deteriorates within a week of hospitalisation. PhA < 4° is strongly associated with increased mortality in non-critical hospitalised patients with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition (MN) is a highly prevalent condition in the elderly. It is associated with functional impairment, disability, frailty, and sarcopenia. The aim was to analyze the capacity of GLIM and ESPEN criteria to diagnose MN in a sample of institutionalized psychogeriatric patients. Clinical and anthropometric data were collected in a cross-sectional study. Patients' frailty, dependence, functional capacity, MNA, hand-grip strength (HS), and sarcopenia were evaluated. Body composition (BC) was estimated by conventional bioimpedance analysis. MN diagnosis was established using the ESPEN and the GLIM criteria based on fat-free mass index (GLIM-FFMI), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (GLIM-ASMMI), skeletal muscle mass index (GLIM-SMMI), and HS (mGLIM). Ninety-two patients (57.6% men; mean age: 79.4 years) were studied. Depending on the diagnosis criteria, MN prevalence was between 25% (ESPEN) and 41.3% (GLIM-SMMI). Agreement between ESPEN and all GLIM criteria was poor, but it was excellent between all GLIM criteria (kappa > 0.8). Phenotypic criteria carried more weight in the diagnosis of MN than etiological ones. Depending on the parameter used, the prevalence of reduced muscle mass was notably different. Differences in BMI, BC, inflammation, and albumin are detected by the GLIM-FFMI criteria in the MN and non-MN subjects. Also, this criterion is the only one that identified differences in phase angle (PhA) between these groups. In the elderly, PhA can be very useful to monitor nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surely most chronobiologists believe circadian clocks are an adaptation of organisms that enhances fitness, but are we certain that this focus of our research effort really confers a fitness advantage? What is the evidence, and how do we evaluate it? What are the best criteria? These questions are the topic of this review. In addition, we will discuss selective pressures that might have led to the historical evolution of circadian systems while considering the intriguing question of whether the ongoing climate change is modulating these selective pressures so that the clock is still evolving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the measurement of the cell impedance parameters during discharging of the Li-ion NCR18650B cell. Re (Z) and Im (Z) of the battery were measured by PEIS method. The results of the impedance changes during discharging and charging were plot to Nyquist diagrams. The important values namely Rs, Rsei, Rct, Csei, Qsei, Cdl, α, and σ were found during discharging of the Li-ion cell with and without using CPE element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]