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During 2005, 764 children were brought to a large children’s hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, with a diagnosis of hand, foot, and mouth disease. All enrolled children had specimens (vesicle fluid, stool, throat swab) collected for enterovirus isolation by cell culture. An enterovirus was isolated from 411 (53.8%) of the specimens: 173 (42.1%) isolates were identified as human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and 214 (52.1%) as coxsackievirus A16. Of the identified HEV71 infections, 51 (29.5%) were complicated by acute neurologic disease and 3 (1.7%) were fatal. HEV71 was isolated throughout the year, with a period of higher prevalence in October–November. Phylogenetic analysis of 23 HEV71 isolates showed that during the first half of 2005, viruses belonging to 3 subgenogroups, C1, C4, and a previously undescribed subgenogroup, C5, cocirculated in southern Vietnam. In the second half of the year, viruses belonging to subgenogroup C5 predominated during a period of higher HEV71 activity.

To evaluate risk factors for human infection with influenza A subtype H5N1, we performed a matched case-control study in Vietnam. We enrolled 28 case-patients who had laboratory-confirmed H5N1 infection during 2004 and 106 age-, sex-, and location-matched control-respondents. Data were analyzed by matched-pair analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Factors that were independently associated with H5N1 infection were preparing sick or dead poultry for consumption

Rotavirus remains the most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide. Several rotavirus vaccines are under development. Decisions about new vaccine introduction will require reliable data on disease impact. The Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network, begun in 2000 to facilitate collection of these data, and is a regional collaboration of 36 hospitals in nine countries or areas that conduct surveillance for rotavirus hospitalizations using a uniform World Health Organization protocol. We summarize the Network’s organization and experience from August 2001 through July 2002. During this period, 45% of acute diarrheal hospitalizations among children 0–5 years were attributable to rotavirus, higher than previous estimates. Rotavirus was detected in all sites year-round. This network is a novel, regional approach to surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases. Such a network should provide increased visibility and advocacy, enable more efficient data collection, facilitate training, and serve as the paradigm for rotavirus surveillance activities in other regions.

Sustainable poverty reduction livelihoods in rural areas is a comprehensive process to solve current problems and build sustainability for the future. Sustainable Poverty Reduction Livelihoods in Rural Areas aims at solutions to reduce poverty and ensure complete and sustainable development of rural communities. The research seeks to discover factors affecting sustainable poverty reduction livelihoods in rural areas. Research data was collected in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. In the survey with the questionnaire, 750 people responded directly to the questionnaire. SPSS 20 and AMOS 24 software are used to analyze data. The data collection process takes place from August to October 2023. Implementation methods include data descriptive statistics, testing scales, analyzing factors' suitability, and testing research structure. The research results show that six factors affect sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction in rural areas in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, including local government policies, infrastructure, education and training, labour market, community involvement, and finance and banking services. From the study's findings, several contents are discussed and suggested to help understand the relationship between factors affecting sustainable poverty reduction livelihoods in rural areas.

Civil servants are part of the human resources of the public sector. The contingent of civil servants is an essential component of human social resources whose contributions always play a significant role in the overall socio-economic development achievements of the country and the locality. In this study, the research paradigm “citizen satisfaction with the service quality of Khmer civil servants” was used and converted with “the SERVPERF model.” Research data were collected from survey results by questionnaires from 596 citizens in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. SPSS 20 and AMOS 24 software are used to analyze and evaluate the scale. The results of the research structure show that there are six factors affecting citizen satisfaction with the service quality of Khmer civil servants in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, including competency, professional qualifications, profession, sense of responsibility and coordination in performing tasks, ethical qualities, working style; sense of organization and discipline; citizen service attitude; progress and results of task performance. From the research findings, the discussion proposes implications for public policy management to improve citizen satisfaction with the service quality of Khmer civil servants in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Năng lực của cán bộ, công chức người Khmer ở vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long có vai trò quan trọng trong thực thi các chính sách của Nhà nước. Việc đào tạo, bồi dưỡng đội ngũ này đóng vai trò rất quan trọng trong việc nâng cao chất lượng cán bộ, công chức để phục vụ nhân dân. Nghiên cứu nhằm khám phá các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả thực thi chính sách đào tạo, bồi dưỡng cán bộ, công chức người Khmer vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Việt Nam. Phương pháp phân tích định lượng được sử dụng để kiểm định cấu trúc nghiên cứu. Kết quả nghiên cứu thể hiện có sáu nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả thực thi chính sách đào tạo, bồi dưỡng cán bộ, công chức người Khmer bao gồm: Mục tiêu, nội dung thực thi chính sách; Nguồn lực thực thi; Phối hợp giữa các tổ chức thực thi chính sách; Môi trường kinh tế- xã hội, chính trị, văn hóa; Năng lực của các tổ chức thực thi; Nhận thức và năng lực của của công chức thụ hưởng. Một số nội dung được thảo luận và đề xuất có hàm ý quản trị góp phần nâng cao chất lượng thực thi chính sách đào tạo, bồi dưỡng cán bộ, công chức người Khmer ở vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long.

Citizen satisfaction is one of the essential factors reflecting the quality of public administrative services provided by state administrative agencies. The study aims to assess citizens' satisfaction with the quality of public administrative services in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Research data were collected from survey results using questionnaires from 792 survey samples in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Research results have shown that citizens are satisfied with the quality of public administrative services in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. At the same time, there are six factors affecting citizens' satisfaction with the quality of public administrative services, including (1) Reliability; (2) Service capacity of staff; (3) Service attitude of staff; (4) The service level of staff; (5) Infrastructure; (6) Administrative procedures. Research results show no difference in citizen satisfaction in gender, age and education groups. Besides, the survey area group has a difference in citizen satisfaction. The research results have theoretical and practical significance for public administration in Vietnam. From the research results, several contents are discussed and proposed to improve citizens' satisfaction with the quality of public administrative services in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

The Khmer ethnic minority civil servants in the Mekong Delta have an important role. They are the ones who deploy and implement the state's policies and laws for the people, and they directly manage the society in the region with order, stability, and development. Cadres and civil servants of Khmer ethnic minorities are the bridge between the state and the people, they reflect the people's legitimate thoughts and aspirations for the state. The study aims to explore the factors affecting the policy of training and fostering civil servants of Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Research data were collected from survey results by questionnaires from 875 survey samples in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Research results in the SEM model show that there are six factors affecting the policy of training and fostering civil servants of ethnic Khmer people in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, including Objectives and content of the policy; Resources for policy implementation; Coordinate policy implementation; The capacity of policy enforcement agencies; Economic, political, cultural, and social environment; Awareness and capacity of policy beneficiaries. From the research results, a number of contents are discussed and proposed to contribute to improving the quality of implementation of policies on training and fostering civil servants of Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Nghiên cứu sử dụng 3 thuật toán phân loại học máy - MLC (mạng thần kinh nhân tạo - NNET, rừng ngẫu nhiên - RF và véc tơ hỗ trợ - SVM) để phân loại hiện trạng rừng của huyện Bù Đăng, tỉnh Bình Phước từ ảnh vệ tinh Sentinel-2. Mười loại hiện trạng sử dụng đất và lớp phủ trong đó có 6 lớp hiện trạng rừng đã được phân loại trong khu vực nghiên cứu. Phương pháp RF có độ chính xác cao nhất với độ chính xác toàn cục bằng 90% và hệ số Kappa bằng 0,86, tiếp theo là NNET và SVM. Trong số các kênh ảnh của vệ tinh Sentinel 2, kênh sóng ngắn hồng ngoại (kênh 11), tiếp theo là kênh rìa đò (kênh 5 và 6), kênh gần hồng ngoại hẹp (8A), kênh sóng ngắn hồng ngoại (kênh 12) và kênh xanh lục (kênh 3) đóng góp nhiều nhất vào độ chính xác của kết quả phân loại. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này đã chứng minh rằng thuật toán RF phù hợp cho việc lập bản đồ thảm thực vật từ ảnh vệ tinh Sentinel, và có thể được áp dụng được cho phân loại bản đồ hiện trạng rừng ở quy mô không gian rộng.

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is considered an important interventional tool for antimicrobial resistance. Guideline compliance was poor across different countries and this results in an inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics. The study was cross-sectional, combining qualitative and quantitative. The Research used the MOH’s Antibiotic Preventive Medicine Guidelines as the standard to verify surgical preventive treatment compliance from patient medical records. Research performed on 373 medical records with surgical indications. The study was conducted from January to June 2019. Data were entered using Epidata software and processed by SPSS software version 19.0. Analysis: calculating OR for related factors. The compliance rate of using prophylactic antibiotics was 83.1%. There is a relationship between the type of incision, the length of time surgery, and compliance with surgical prophylactic use of antibiotics ( P

Rotavirus remains the most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide. Several rotavirus vaccines are under development. Decisions about new vaccine introduction will require reliable data on disease impact. The Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network, begun in 2000 to facilitate collection of these data, is a regional collaboration of 36 hospitals in nine countries or areas that conduct surveillance for rotavirus hospitalizations using a uniform World Health Organization protocol. We summarize the Network's organization and experience from August 2001 through July 2002. During this period, 45% of acute diarrheal hospitalizations among children 0-5 years were attributable to rotavirus, higher than previous estimates. Rotavirus was detected in all sites year-round. This network is a novel, regional approach to surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases. Such a network should provide increased visibility and advocacy, enable more efficient data collection, facilitate training, and serve as the paradigm for rotavirus surveillance activities in other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this paper was to develop a leadership and managerial competency framework for public hospital managers in Vietnam. Methods: This mixed-method study used a four-step approach. The first step was a position description content analysis to identify the tasks hospital managers are required to carry out. The resulting data were used to identify the leadership and managerial competency factors and items in the second step. In the third step, a workshop was organized to reach consensus about the validity of these competency factors and items. Finally, a quantitative survey was conducted across a sample of 891 hospital managers who are working in the selected hospitals in seven geographical regions in Vietnam to validate the competency scales using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The study identified a number of tasks required for public hospital managers and confirmed the competencies for implementing these tasks effectively. Four dimensions with 14 components and 81 items of leadership and managerial competencies were identified. These components exhibited 83.8% of variance and Cronbach’s alpha were at good level of 0.9. Conclusions: These competencies are required for public hospital managers which provide guidance to the further development of the competency-based training for the current management taskforce and preparing future hospital managers.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá khả năng ứng dụng của ảnh Landsat 8 trong việc (i) thành lập bản đồ cơ cấu mùa vụ lúa, (ii) ước đoán sản lượng lúa tỉnh Sóc Trăng năm 2018. Nghiên cứu phân tích chuỗi ảnh chỉ số thực vật (NDVI) đa thời gian trên dữ liệu ảnh Landsat 8 độ phân giải không gian 30 m từ năm 2015 đến năm 2017, kết hợp điều tra thực địa 186 điểm đại diện. Theo đó, việc sử dụng phần mềm ENVI trong phân tích ảnh Landsat 8 và công cụ biên tập trên MapInfo đã tính toán được diện tích đất trồng lúa giai đoạn 2015 – 2017 và thành lập được bản đồ mùa vụ lúa có độ chính xác toàn cục 94,6%, hệ số Kappa là 0,93. Ngoài ra, diện tích đất lúa được giải đoán từ ảnh có sự tương quan cao (hơn 95%) với số liệu thống kê từ báo cáo ngành của Sở Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn tỉnh Sóc Trăng, tương đương sản lượng lúa giải đoán là 2.094.423,4 tấn so với thực tế là 2.127.316,6 tấn (thấp hơn 1,55%). Từ đó, ảnh Landsat 8 có khả năng ứng dụng trong việc xác định cơ cấu mùa vụ và ước đoán sản lượng lúa với độ tin cậy 95%. Tuy nhiên, đây chỉ là kết quả bước đầu của việc ước đoán sản lượng lúa, cần kết hợp giữa chuỗi ảnh NDVI với mô hình toán học để kết quả giải đoán được chính xác hơn.

Background: Injection is one of the most frequently used medical methods to introduce drugs or other substances into the body for purposes of treatment or prevention. Unsafe injection can cause adverse outcomes, such as abscess and anaphylactic shock, and increases the risk of blood-borne transmission of viruses to patients and health care workers, as well as the community. Recognizing the importance of injection safety, in 2000 the Vietnamese Ministry of Health (MOH) collaborated with the Vietnam Nurses Association to launch the “Safe injection” program throughout the country, including Hanoi. Methods: This cross-sectional study, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, was conducted from February to August 2012 in Ha Dong General Hospital using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist. The target population of the study was 109 nurses working in clinical departments and 436 injections were observed. Results: The percentage of nurses who are familiar with injection safety standards was found to be 82.6%. The proportion of practical injections that met the 23 standards of injection safety set by the MOH amounted to 22.2%. The factors related to safe injection practice of nurses who were younger age group (OR=3.1; p

Background: Injection is one of the most frequently used medical methods to introduce drugs or other substances into the body for purposes of treatment or prevention. Unsafe injection can cause adverse outcomes, such as abscess and anaphylactic shock, and increases the risk of blood-borne transmission of viruses to patients and health care workers, as well as the community. Recognizing the importance of injection safety, in 2000 the Vietnamese Ministry of Health (MOH) collaborated with the Vietnam Nurses Association to launch the “Safe injection” program throughout the country, including Hanoi. Methods: This cross-sectional study, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, was conducted from February to August 2012 in Ha Dong General Hospital using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist. The target population of the study was 109 nurses working in clinical departments and 436 injections were observed. Results: The percentage of nurses who are familiar with injection safety standards was found to be 82.6%. The proportion of practical injections that met the 23 standards of injection safety set by the MOH amounted to 22.2%. The factors related to safe injection practice of nurses who are younger age group (OR=3.1; p

An abstract of the paper on the viral agents of acute encephalitis syndrome presented during the Institut Pasteur International Network Annual Scientific Meeting at Hong Kong, China, from November 22-23, 2010 is presented.