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Tu HK Trinh,1 Chi N Duong,2 Tu HT Pham,3 Hao DT Au,3 Loc T Tran,3 Cuong V Nguyen,3 Han BG Nguyen,3 Nguyen M Tran,3 Quy Q Phan,3 Thu NA Le,3 Nga Nguyen4 1Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 2University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA; 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 4Hasaki Clinic, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamCorrespondence: Tu HK Trinh, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 217 Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Tel +84-906 927 123, Email kim.tu.vn@ump.edu.vnPurpose: Increasing seafood consumption is associated with more frequent reports of food allergy. Little is known about seafood allergy (SFA) among adults in Vietnam. We investigated the characteristics of individuals with SFA and the risk factors for severe SFA.Patients and methods: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted among individuals aged ≥ 18 years from universities in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) between December 2021 and July 2022. The survey was based on a structured, validated questionnaire related to FA. Strict definitions of “convincing allergy” were used. Multivariate analysis was used to estimate the risk factors for severe SFA after adjusting for covariates. Data were analyzed using JASP (v.0.16.3) and SPSS (v.22.0).Results: Totally, 1038 out of 2137 (48.57%) individuals completed the questionnaire, of whom 285 (27.46%) had reported SFA. Convincing SFA accounted for 20.13% (209/1038) of the cases, with convincing shellfish allergy being more common than fish allergy. Participants with comorbid shellfish and fish allergy had higher prevalence of atopic dermatitis, peanut/nut allergy, other food allergy, and cutaneous and upper airway symptoms compared to participants with shellfish allergy (p < 0.05). The spectrum of reactive seafood was diverse and characterized by local species. The age of symptom onset was most commonly during late childhood and adolescence, with most reactions persisting into adulthood. A history of anaphylaxis, comorbid peanut, and tree nut allergy, and ≥ 3 allergens were associated with severe SFA.Conclusion: Features of causative, coexisting seafood allergy, and risk factors for severe SFA were demonstrated, which can provide a reference for future studies.Keywords: seafood allergy, shellfish allergy, fish allergy, Vietnam

A non-contact Fourier transform interferometric imaging system was used to collect hyperspectral images of the steady-state diffuse reflectance from a point source in turbid media for the spectral range of 550-850 nm. Steady-state diffuse reflectance profiles were generated from the hyperspectral images, and partial least-squares (PLS) regression was performed on the diffuse reflectance profiles to quantify absorption (μa) and reduced scattering (μ′s) properties of turbid media. The feasibility of using PLS regression to predict optical properties was examined for two different sets of spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance data. One set of data was collected from 40 turbid phantoms, while the second set was generated by convolving Monte Carlo simulations with the instrument response of the imaging system. Study results show that PLS prediction of μa and μ′s was accurate to within ±8% and ±5%, respectively, when the model was trained on turbid phantom data. Moreover, PLS prediction of optical properties was considerably faster and more efficient than direct least-squares fitting of spatially-resolved profiles. When the PLS model was trained on Monte Carlo simulated data and subsequently used to predict μa and μ′s from the diffuse reflectance of turbid phantom, the percent accuracies degraded to ±12% and ±5%, respectively. These accuracy values are applicable to homogenous, semi-infinite turbid phantoms with optical property ranges comparable to tissues.

Benzoporphyrin-derivative (BPD)-monoacid-ring A photodynamic therapy (PDT) was performed on subcutaneous tumor implants in a rat ovarian cancer model. In order to assess PDT efficacy the tumor and normal tissue optical properties were measured noninvasively prior to and during PDT using frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM). FDPM data were used to quantify tissue absorption and reduced scattering properties (given by the parameters mu a and mu's, respectively) at four near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (674, 811, 849 and 956 nm). Tissue physiologic properties, including the in vivo concentration of BPD, deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb), oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2), total hemoglobin (TotHb), water (H2O) and percent tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (%StO2), were calculated from optical property data. PDT efficacy was also determined from morphometric analysis of tumor necrosis in histologic specimens. All the measured tumor properties changed significantly during PDT. [Hb] increased by 9%, while [HbO2], [TotHb] and %StO2 decreased by 18, 7 and 12%, respectively. Using histologic data we show that long-term PDT efficacy is highly correlated to mean BPD concentration in tumor and PDT-induced acute changes in [HbO2], [TotHb] and %StO2 (correlation coefficients of 0.829, 0.817 and 0.953, respectively). Overall, our results indicate that NIR FDPM spectroscopy is able to quantify noninvasively and dynamically the PDT-induced physiological effects in vivo that are highly correlated with therapeutic efficacy.

Absorption (mu(a)) and reduced scattering (mu(s)') spectra of turbid media were quantified with a noncontact imaging approach based on a Fourier-transform interferometric imaging system (FTIIS). The FTIIS was used to collect hyperspectral images of the steady-state diffuse reflectance from turbid media. Spatially resolved reflectance data from Monte Carlo simulations were fitted to the recorded hyperspectral images to quantify mu(a) and mu(s)' spectra in the 550-850-nm region. A simple and effective calibration approach was introduced to account for the instrument response. With reflectance data that were close to and far from the source (0.5-6.5 mm), mu(a) and mu(s)' of homogeneous, semi-infinite turbid phantoms with optical property ranges comparable with those of tissues were determined with an accuracy of +/-7% and +/-3%, respectively. Prediction accuracy for mu(a) and mu(s)' degraded to +/-12% and +/-4%, respectively, when only reflectance data close to the source (0.5-2.5 mm) were used. Results indicate that reflectance data close to and far from the source are necessary for optimal quantification of mu(a) and mu(s)'. The spectral properties of mu(a) and mu(s)' values were used to determine the concentrations of absorbers and scatterers, respectively. Absorber and scatterer concentrations of two-chromophore turbid media were determined with an accuracy of +/-5% and +/-3%, respectively.

Noncontact, frequency-domain measurements of diffusely reflected light are used to quantify optical properties of two-layer tissuelike turbid media. The irradiating source is a sinusoidal intensity-modulated plane wave, with modulation frequencies ranging from 10 to 1500 MHz. Frequency-dependent phase and amplitude of diffusely reflected photon density waves are simultaneously fitted to a diffusion-based two-layer model to quantify absorption (mu(a)) and reduced scattering (mu(s)') parameters of each layer as well as the upper-layer thickness (l). Study results indicate that the optical properties of two-layer media can be determined with a percent accuracy of the order of +/-9% and +/-5% for mu(a) and mu(s)', respectively. The accuracy of upper-layer thickness (l) estimation is as good as +/-6% when optical properties of upper and lower layers are known. Optical property and layer thickness prediction accuracy degrade significantly when more than three free parameters are extracted from data fits. Problems with convergence are encountered when all five free parameters (mu(a) and mu(s)' of upper and lower layers and thickness l) must be deduced.

The aims of this study were: (i) to quantify near-infrared optical properties of normal cervical tissues and high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (H-SIL); (ii) to assess the feasibility of differentiating normal cervical tissues from H-SIL on the basis of these properties; and (iii) to determine how cervical tissue optical properties change following photodynamic therapy (PDT) of H-SIL in vivo. Using the frequency domain photon migration technique, non-invasive measurements of normal and dysplastic ecto-cervical tissue optical properties, i.e. absorption (mu(a)) and effective scattering coefficients, and physiological parameters, i.e. tissue water and haemoglobin concentration, percentage oxygen saturation (%SO(2)), were performed on 10 patients scheduled for PDT of histologically-proven H-SIL. Cervix absorption and effective scattering parameters were up to 15% lower in H-SIL sites compared with normal cervical tissue for all wavelengths studied (674, 811, 849, 956 nm). Following PDT, all mu(a) values increased significantly, due to elevated tissue blood and water content associated with PDT-induced hyperaemia and oedema. Tissue total haemoglobin concentration ([TotHb]) and arterio-venous oxygen saturation measured in H-SIL sites were lower than normal sites ([TotHb]: 88.6 +/- 35.8 micromol/l versus 124.7 +/- 22.6 micromol/l; %SO(2): 76.5 +/- 14.7% versus 84.9 +/- 3.4%).

We studied a community cluster of 25 mpox cases in Vietnam caused by emerging monkeypox virus sublineage C.1 and imported into Vietnam through 2 independent events; 1 major cluster carried a novel APOBEC3-like mutation. Three patients died; all had advanced HIV co-infection. Viral evolution and its potential consequences should be closely monitored.

A novel approach to enhancing the efficacy and surface quality of magnetic polishing involves the incorporation of a magnetic liquid circulation system for abrasive particle regeneration in conjunction with a circular Halbach array. The continuous renewal of abrasive particles within the polishing zone is realised through a conveyor belt that transports new abrasive particles into the polishing liquid solution. This formation of a continuously circulating polishing system ensures uninterrupted magnetic finishing processes and maintains stability throughout the polishing operation. This study extensively explores polishing force distribution, magnetic field distribution and abrasive grain behaviour in the polishing area facilitated by the magnetic liquid solution. The application of the proposed polishing processes to polymethyl methacrylate, an optical lens material, aims to comprehend the characteristics and validate the feasibility of the polishing method. Key influencing factors in the magnetic polishing process, including abrasive grain size, magnetic particle, polishing distance and conveyor speed to surface quantity, are examined through experimental analysis. Results of the experimental polishing processes demonstrate that the utilisation of circular Halbach arrays with circulating abrasives produces a nanometric surface finish. Even in the polishing of polymethyl methacrylate with an initial rough surface (Ra = 464.895 nm), the process achieves an ultra-fine level with Ra below 9 nm without disruption in the material polishing processes of optical lenses.

Agricultural insect pests reduce crop productivity, causing a gap between global food demand and production. Early detection and early response can improve pest control efficiency. The study aimed to investigate the spatial correlations between Brown Plant Hopper (BPH) occurrence and affected factors using field data collection in Can Tho City, Vietnam. The data on cultivation practices and meteorological conditions at 120 sites every week during the rice cropping season of 2016–2017 were collected to find the correlation between the occurrence frequency and density of BHP. Besides, GIS and spatial interpolation were applied to assess the current status of harmful situations, predict the impact trends of crop pests or diseases in space and time to serve a community's needs, and forecast plant protection. As a result, in the 2nd rice cropping stage, the population of brown planthoppers were found to be highly significantly influenced by factors: (1) planthopper age, (2) natural enemy density, (3) air temperature, (4) field water level, and (5) number of leaves, which is highly positively correlated with brown hopper density. There is a lower correlation between leaf color code (6) and air humidity (7) and a negative correlation between pesticides used (8). The variables of rice leaf color code (6) and air humidity (7) correlate with the BHP population, although the field water level (4) and leaf count (5) do not correlate for the whole crop. It can be used to predict the changing trend of BHP in rice fields. However, the factors influencing the brown planthopper would determine the prognosis's accuracy.

Context: Perilla frutescens and its dried extract have been employed in food and pharmaceutical manufacturing due to the plant's biological activities, which include antibacterial, anti-allergic, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidepressant properties. Despite numerous studies on preparing dry extracts from various medicinal herbs, no research has been conducted to optimize spray-drying conditions specifically for P. frutescens. Aims: To optimize the spray-drying parameters using BCPharSoft software and evaluate the quality of P. frutescens dry extract. Methods: D-optimal design based on four independent variables carrier type (Glucidex, Glucidex: Arabic gum 9:1, Glucidex: Arabic gum 8:2), carrier mass (10, 15, and 20 g), inlet air temperature (160, and 180℃) and flow rate (12, and 14 rpm/min) was applied to investigate the cause-effect relations and optimized preparation process. The drying performance, moisture content, total phenol, and total flavonoid content were investigated as four dependent variables. Results: All independent variables had significant effects on the dependent variables. The optimal parameters of the preparation process included using carrier Glucidex: Arabic gum at a ratio of 9:1, carrier mass of 19 g, inlet air temperature of 161°C, and flow rate of 12 rpm/min. The drying performance, moisture content, total phenol, and flavonoid content of the optimized P. frutescens dry extract were found to be 10.42%, 4.80%, and 90.57 mg GA/g, and 53.55 mg QE/g, respectively. Conclusions: Dried P. frutescens extract has been efficiently produced using the spray-drying technique, establishing a foundation for future manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and functional foods derived from P. frutescens.

Abstract Facial reconstruction is challenging for plastic surgeons, as it can be difficult to decide the best approach. One technique that has been widely used is the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap due to its numerous benefits. However, its thickness can be a drawback, especially regarding facial reconstruction. The thinning technique is not a new novel, but how to apply it to the ALT flap to get the best result hasn’t been reported yet. Our study involved 117 patients, and we used 73 thinned ALT flaps to determine the best method to increase the flap’s safety. After thinning, we significantly reduced the flap’s thickness from an average of 22.5 mm to 5.9 mm, making it more suitable for contouring purposes. We apply a thinned ALT flap for coverage, contouring, and recreating the facial 3D structure. The 12/45 flap has the chance to make the multiple-paddle ALT flap, which helps to reconstruct difficult positions even more flexibly. The key to successfully thinning the ALT flap is understanding the perforator’s structure and pathway through the fascia. With the thinning technique, we have overcome the limitations of the flap’s thickness, making it suitable for use in whole-body reconstruction. The ALT flap can overcome the restriction of its thickness and can be applied even more extensively in whole-body reconstruction.

In this paper,we present a theorem about stability of nonlinear fractional difference equation with Riemann-Liouvile difference operator. The result is a version of classical theorem on linear approximation and to derive them,we prove the variation of constants formula for nabla Riemann- Liouville fractional difference equations.We also present some results concerning the existence and uniqueness of the equation under consideration.

This study assessed the applicability of medium molecular weight chitosan solution at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% w/v) in houndfish preservation. Furthermore, by comparing chitosan-coated fish and the uncoated ones (i.e., treated with distilled water [DW] and 1% acetic acid [AA] solution), the study determined the effectiveness of the chitosan coating on the preservation of on-skin houndfish during ice storage for 20 days. The quality of chitosan-coated houndfish was investigated by periodical analysis for microbiological (total viable count), chemical (pH, water holding capacity, total volatile basic nitrogen of refrigerated houndfish, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TCA-soluble peptide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), physical parameters (hardness, and color), and sensory properties. According to the findings, the methods of using 1.5% and 2% chitosan solutions showed better preservation results than others. These methods were found to be the most effective coatings for maintaining the quality of houndfish compared to the treatments involving DW and 1% AA solution.

Clay is an essential resource for improving the brick and ceramic industries. However, the demand for clay needs to grow. Estimating industrial mineral reserves requires an optimal and unbiased statistical tool. Geographical information systems and geostatistics are two promising tools that could be used to predict clay resources. The study objective was to apply these two tools to compare the performance of the methods for spatial clay resource prediction, considering clay thickness and spatial distribution. The demonstration site is in Tam Binh district, Vinh Long Province, Viet Nam. The results show that the Gaussian variation model at a 600 × 400 m distance is good for sampling and extrapolating clay thickness. This is based on 240 geolocated samples with different densities. Projected clay reserves match measurements, and the spatial statistical method is more accessible and valuable than the traditional method. The interpolated method’s total selected soil borehole number was optimized for clay resource estimation, and geostatistics can help manage and plan clay resources and save money. Future research should examine various spatial interpolation techniques and approaches in management, land use, and topography to improve the accuracy of calculations.

Amorphous silica (a-SiO₂), found in rice husk ash, is a valuable material due to its high silica content, large surface area, excellent pozzolanic properties, and strong binding ability with cement. These characteristics make it ideal for use as a supplementary cementitious material and a sustainable alternative for the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement. This study aims to optimize the recovery process of amorphous silica from rice husks cultivated under various soil conditions (normal, drought, saline, and acidic soils), which are experiencing significant fluctuations due to climate change in many rice-producing countries. Experiments were conducted on rice husks under different pyrolysis conditions at temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C, with varying calcination durations. Through comprehensive analysis using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), along with the evaluation of amorphous silica recovery efficiency, we identified the optimal conditions for producing amorphous silica from rice husks. The analysis revealed that the highest recovery efficiency was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C for 1 hour. Under these conditions, the recovery efficiencies were 87.9% for normal soil RHA, 96.5% for saline soil RHA, 94.8% for drought soil RHA, and 95.6% for acidic soil RHA. The phase structure, surface morphology, and particle size of the RHA-derived amorphous silica, ground to micrometer sizes, were found to be similar to commercial products such as ordinary Portland cement and silica fume. This study provides a foundation for scaling up the production of amorphous silica from rice husk ash on an industrial scale, considering the relationship between optimal recovery efficiency and the origin of the rice husk ash, thus contributing to the development of environmentally friendly construction materials.

The aging in higher education in the post-COVID-19 context has created many disparities in development, particularly affecting vulnerable groups. This article analyzes the aging situation in higher education and the challenges posed by the post-pandemic era. It proposes solutions, including various policy adjustments and changes specifically related to higher education, to build a stronger workforce and society in the future. These efforts aim to address population aging and improve the quality of education. National policies need to be tailored to the specific circumstances of each country, ensuring fairness and effectiveness in the recovery process.

The General Education Program in 2018 defines the goal of developing the quality and capacity of learners, creating a learning and training environment to help students develop in harmony physically and mentally; become active, confident, conscious learners of career choice and lifelong learning. From that fact, teachers have the task to focus on innovating history teaching in high schools in general, especially using materials, considering this as a source of knowledge to organize teaching innovation. In this article, we focus on the research on the innovation of methods of using materials in teaching history in internal lessons and experimented in Hai Phong city.

This study begins by examining phenotypic variations in field growth among four parental Vietnamese rice lines, consisting of two Indica (PD211/GL37) and two Japonica (J23/SRA2-1) cultivars, which differ in life-cycle durations. Their phenotypic observations revealed both similarities and differences in growth patterns and field responses, setting the stage for further genomic investigation. We then focused on the sequencing and de novo genome assembly of these lines using high-coverage Illumina sequencing and achieving pseudochromosome assemblies ranging between 379 Mbp and 384 Mbp. The assemblies were further enhanced by annotation processes, designating between 44,427 and 48,704 gene models/genome. A comparative genomic analysis revealed that the Japonica varieties (J23/SRA2-1) exhibited more genetic similarity than the Indica varieties (PD211/GL37). From this, a phylogenetic analysis on the phytochrome C (phyC) gene distinctly positions the Indica and Japonica lines within their respective clades, affirming their genetic diversity and lineage accuracy. These genomic resources will pave the way for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) critical for developing rice cultivars with shorter life cycles, thus enhancing resilience to adverse climatic impacts in Vietnam. This study provides a foundational step towards leveraging genomic data for rice breeding programs aimed at ensuring food security in the face of climate change.

Abstract Liver injury with marked elevation of aspartate aminotransferase enzyme (AST) is commonly observed in dengue infection. To understand the pathogenesis of this liver damage, we compared the plasma levels of hepatic specific, centrilobular predominant enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase, GLDH; glutathione S transferase-α, αGST), periportal enriched 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), periportal predominant arginase-1 (ARG-1), and other non-specific biomarkers (paraoxonase-1, PON-1) in patients with different outcomes of dengue infection. This hospital-based study enrolled 87 adult dengue patients, stratified into three groups based on plasma AST levels ( 400 U/L) in a 1:1:1 ratio (n = 40, n = 40, n = 40, respectively. The new liver enzymes in the blood samples from the 4th to 6th days of their illness were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or colorimetric kits. Based on the diagnosis at discharge days, our patients were classified as 40 (46%) dengue without warning signs (D), 35 (40.2%) dengue with warning signs (DWS), and 11 (12.6%) severe dengue (SD) with either shock (two patients) or AST level over 1000 U/L (nine patients), using the 2009 WHO classification. The group of high AST (> 400 U/L) also had higher ALT, GLDH, ARG-1, and HPPD than the other groups, while the high (> 400 U/L) and moderate (80–400 U/L) AST groups had higher ALT, αGST, ARG-1, and HPPD than the low AST group (

Một trong những cách giúp giảm lượng hấp thu glucose vào máu trong điều trị bệnh đái tháo đường là ức chế enzyme α-glucosidase. Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. chứa nhiều thành phần có hoạt tính sinh học có tiềm năng trong chống oxy hóa và hỗ trợ điều trị bệnh đái tháo đường. Bài báo khảo sát tác dụng chống oxy hóa bằng mô hình khử gốc tự do DPPH và khả năng ức chế enzyme α-glucosidase của lá Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. bằng phản ứng phân cắt cơ chất pNG in vitro. Kết quả cho thấy, lá Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. có tác dụng chống oxy hóa với EC50>256 mg/mL, so sánh chất chuẩn tham khảo quercetin EC50=9,97 ± 0,25 mg/mL và tác động ức chế α-glucosidase với IC50=10,91 ± 0,21µg/mL so sánh chất chuẩn acarbose IC50=134,56 ± 3,02 µg/mL. Tiềm năng tác dụng oxy hóa và khả năng ức chế enzyme α-glucosidase của Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. cần được tiếp tục nghiên cứu ứng dụng trong thực phẩm chức năng và thuốc.

In this paper, we established some sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operators and the Hausdorff operators on $ p $-adic Herz spaces and $ p $-adic local block spaces with variable exponents. In particular, the boundedness of the $ p $-adic maximal commutator operators, the $ p $-adic Hardy–Littlewood average operators, and the $ p $-adic Hardy-Hilbert operators on such spaces was also discussed.

The performance of the cognitive non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems with random locations is examined in the present paper. More precisely, the positions of the secondary receivers (SRs) are randomly distributed inside a disk with the centre at the secondary transmitter (ST). The primary networks (PNs), on the other hand, are not necessarily inside the transmission range of the ST. Two user selection schemes namely, path-loss-based and channel-gain-based approaches, are adopted to serve two SRs according to the power domain NOMA technique. Additionally, the impact of the imperfect hardware impairments (HIs) on both transmitters and receivers is also taken into consideration. Furthermore, a recently proposed transmit power allocation at the ST is employed to concurrently maximize the system performance of the secondary networks (SNs) and to strictly protect the quality-of-service (QoS) of the PNs. The correctness of the developed mathematical frameworks is corroborated by simulation results based on the Monte Carlo method. Finally, we unveil that there is no scheme that always outperforms another. Thus, an adaptive scheme can be proposed to optimize the networks' performance. Our findings also reveal that the outage probability (OP) under the harmful effect of HI can be effectively mitigated by increasing the transmit power of the ST. Additionally, increasing the transmit power of the PT is also beneficial for the SNs with the adopted transmit power allocation at the ST.

Voice Assistants have gained more attention in both real-life and academic fields thanks to their roles in the advanced world. This study aims to investigate the Behavioral Intention of Voice Assistants’ users by exploring the mediating role of Subjective Well-being and the moderating role of Innovativeness based on the Utilitarian and Gratification Theory framework. A quantitative study with structural equation modeling was carried out using SPSS and PLS-SEM software to analyze a sample of 230 Voice Assistant users. The findings illustrate that the Subjective Well-being of Voice Assistants’ users is influenced by Utilitarian benefits, Symbolic benefits and Social benefits. Behavioral intention is directly influenced by Utilitarian benefits, Hedonic benefits and Social benefits. The research establishes the moderating role of Innovativeness in the relationship of Subjective Well-being and Behavioral Intention. This study provides deeper insight into the motivations of Voice Assistants’ users from social and psychological viewpoints.

Previous studies have used molecular markers associated with the GS3 gene to differentiate between short and long rice. However, there are three classifications of grain size: long, short, and medium. The identification of medium‐grain rice using these markers linked to the GS3 gene is yet to be confirmed. Hence, this study aimed to identify medium‐grain rice through phenotyping and genotyping. Grain characteristics including grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and the length‐to‐width ratio (GL/GW) were measured using SmartGrain software. The genotype was then amplified with the GS3 gene‐linked DRR‐GL (double round‐robin for grain length) molecular marker. The results revealed that medium‐grain rice, as identified by the DRR‐GL marker, exhibited DNA bands at the position of 150 bp. These bands differed from those observed in long‐grain rice, but they were consistent with those found in short‐grain rice. The genotypic results further indicated that PCR products obtained with the DRR‐GL marker in medium‐grain rice accounted for 86.8% of the phenotypic variation in grain size. This study provides fundamental genetic insights into the identification of medium‐grain rice and contributes to optimizing effects on rice breeding related to grain size.

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health crisis that requires innovative solutions. Current susceptibility testing approaches limit our ability to rapidly distinguish between antimicrobial-susceptible and -resistant organisms. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an enteric pathogen responsible for severe gastrointestinal illness and invasive disease. Despite widespread resistance, ciprofloxacin remains a common treatment for Salmonella infections, particularly in lower-resource settings, where the drug is given empirically. Here, we exploit high-content imaging to generate deep phenotyping of S. Typhimurium isolates longitudinally exposed to increasing concentrations of ciprofloxacin. We apply machine learning algorithms to the imaging data and demonstrate that individual isolates display distinct growth and morphological characteristics that cluster by time point and susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, which occur independently of ciprofloxacin exposure. Using a further set of S. Typhimurium clinical isolates, we find that machine learning classifiers can accurately predict ciprofloxacin susceptibility without exposure to it or any prior knowledge of resistance phenotype. These results demonstrate the principle of using high-content imaging with machine learning algorithms to predict drug susceptibility of clinical bacterial isolates. This technique may be an important tool in understanding the morphological impact of antimicrobials on the bacterial cell to identify drugs with new modes of action.

Background and objectives: Extensive scrutiny within organizational research has positioned job satisfaction as a pivotal factor contingent upon organizational contexts. Our study aimed to refine job satisfaction measurement tools for diverse healthcare settings using insights from a university hospital in Vietnam, enhancing the validity and applicability of these instruments. Methods: The procedure for the contextualization of a job satisfaction measurement tool was established encompassing six key steps: (1) Developing, selecting, or modifying the questionnaire; (2) Assessing face validity; (3) Ensuring content validity; (4) Designing the research for field testing; (5) Assessing the tool reliability and validity; and (6) Assessing discriminant validity between two tools. This procedure served as the foundation for a cross-sectional study involving 216 healthcare staff at a university hospital in Vietnam. Results: The modified tool, comprising 35 items (6 fewer than the original 41-item reference tool), was derived through evaluations of face, content, and construct validity, conducted with 216 healthcare staff. The validity of the modified tool was subsequently confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, demonstrating favorable fit indices for the job satisfaction item, including a Chi-square/degrees of freedom ratio of 3.15, Comparative Fit Index of 0.86, Tucker Lewis Index of 0.85, and Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation of 0.1. Additionally, the modified tool exhibited a high Cronbach’s alpha of 0.97, a good convergence ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 and a good divergence with the maximum shared variance values were lower than the corresponding average variance extracted values. The job satisfaction scores obtained using the modified tool surpassed significantly those of the original reference tool ( p

Xà lách Muir (Lactuca sativa Muir) là loại rau ưa mát có giá trị dinh dưỡng cao, thích hợp trồng trong điều kiện nhà màng.Do đó,nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định loại giá thể phối trộn kết hợp với bổ sung dinh dưỡng lên sinh trưởng, năng suất, chất lượng rau trong điều kiện nhà màng. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện liên tiếp hai vụ từ tháng 12/2023 đến tháng 03/2024.Qua kết quả về sinh trưởng, năng suất và chất lượng rau ở 02 vụ khảo sát, các công thức giá thể phối trộn và dinh dưỡng phù hợp được đề xuất là NT6 (GTSH + CPMIX + 10%NPK + DT1), NT7 (GTSH + CP04 + 10%NPK + DT2), NT 8 (GTSH + CP265 + 10%NPK + DT2) và NT9 (GTSH + CPMIX + 10%NPK + DT2).Các nghiệm thức này đã cho số lá, chiều dài, chiều rộng lá, năng suất thương phẩm, hàm lượng vitamin C và mật số vi sinh vật có lợi trong giá thể đạt cao hơn,giúp giảm thiểu hàm lượng nitrate trong rau và giảm tỷ lệ hao hụt sau 15 ngày bảo quản so với các nghiệm thức đối chứng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy sử dụng giá thể sinh học kết hợp với bổ sung vi khuẩn có lợi và sử dụng dịch trích từ bả đậu nành hoặc đạm cá giúp giảm 90% phân hóa học trong điều kiện canh tác xà lách xoăn Muir trong nhà màng.

Chiết xuất thu nhận từ tế bào nấm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae là sản phẩm dinh dưỡng được dùng rộng rãi trong công nghiệp thực phẩm. Phương pháp sử dụng quá trình phá vỡ tế bào nấm men bằng nhiệt độ cao tạo ra sản phẩm an toàn và làm tăng hương vị của các sản phẩm thực phẩm. Tế bào nấm men được hoạt hóa ở 50oC trong 120 phút, sau đó hấp ở nhiệt độ và thời gian nghiên cứu khác nhau. Dịch tế bào được làm lạnh nhanh về nhiệt độ phòng và ly tâm thu dịch nổi. Dịch chiết xuất nấm men được sấy phun thu sản phẩm dạng bột có độ ẩm 6,7%. Bột chiết xuất nấm men thu được có hàm lượng protein là 52,1%, hiệu suất thu hồi protein là 71,28% và hàm lượng amino acid là 3,7% khi tế bào nấm men bị phá vỡ ở điều kiện 115oC trong 10 phút. Kết quả đánh giá cảm quan thị hiếu khi bổ sung bột chiết xuất nấm men vào nước luộc rau bắp cải với tỷ lệ 0,3-0,6% cho điểm cảm quan trung bình về mùi vị thuộc nhóm được yêu thích nhất là 8,36-8,55 (theo thang điểm 9) và không có khác biệt thống kê có ý nghĩa so với nước hầm gà (p> 0,05).

Rong lục Ulva lactuca thu nhận tại Ninh Thuận, Việt Nam qua xử lý nhiệt 150oC trong 10 phút và thủy phân bằng enzyme Celluclast® 1.5l Novozyme ở 50oC trong 36 giờ đã giải phóng được lượng đường khử là 19,76 ± 0,27% khối lượng khô của bột rong. Với cơ chất ban đầu là dịch rong thủy phân, môi trường sản xuất sinh khối nấm men được nghiên cứu bổ sung 9% (w/V) rỉ đường 70oBrix, điều chỉnh về pH 6. Cấy 10% (v/w) giống nấm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae mật độ 1,2x106cfu/ml vào môi trường và lên men ở nhiệt độ phòng trong 72h, tốc độ khuấy 120 vòng/ phút cho tốc độ sinh trưởng nấm men lớn nhất, lượng sinh khối nấm men ướt thu được cao nhất là 16,61±0,95 g/L. Thử nghiệm nuôi hàu trưởng thành 4 ngày bằng sinh khối nấm men trong rong Ulva lectuca thủy phân lên men cho tỷ lệ sống 93,43±1,46% và có tỷ lệ khối lượng thịt cao nhất, 26,45±0,42%. Như vậy, nấm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae trong rong lục Ulva lactuca lên men thực sự là nguồn thức ăn tiềm năng cho đối tượng hàu trưởng thành.

IntroductionWound healing is a complex process involving multiple stages, including inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Effective wound management strategies are essential for accelerating healing and improving outcomes. The CELLADEEP patch, incorporating iontophoresis therapy and microneedle technology, was evaluated for its potential to enhance the wound healing process.MethodsThis study utilized a full-thickness skin defect model in Sprague-Dawley rats, researchers compared wound healing outcomes between rats treated with the CELLADEEP Patch and those left untreated. Various histological staining techniques were employed to examine and assess the wound healing process, such as H&E, MT and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and proliferative capabilities were further investigated using biochemical assays.ResultsMacroscopic and microscopic analyses revealed that the CELLADEEP patch significantly accelerated wound closure, reduced wound width, and increased epidermal thickness and collagen deposition compared to an untreated group. The CELLADEEP patch decreased nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species levels, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, indicating effective modulation of the inflammatory response. Immunofluorescence staining showed reduced markers of macrophage activity (CD68, F4/80, MCP-1) in the patch group, suggesting a controlled inflammation process. Increased levels of vimentin, α-SMA, VEGF, collagen I, and TGF-β1 were observed, indicating enhanced fibroblast activity, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix production.DiscussionThe CELLADEEP patch demonstrated potential in promoting effective wound healing by accelerating wound closure, modulating the inflammatory response, and enhancing tissue proliferation and remodeling. The CELLADEEP patch offers a promising non-invasive treatment option for improving wound healing outcomes.

This study investigates the concentrations of atmospheric aerosol particles (PM, including PM2.5 and PM10), as well as the presence and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air in Bien Hoa City (Dong Nai province, Vietnam) during the dry and rainy seasons in 2023. The concentrations of 7 PCDDs and 10 PCDFs congeners in PM10 or PM2.5 were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 were 54.7 ± 9.4 µg/m3, 65.3 ± 7.6 µg/m3, and 39.6 ± 7.9 µg/m3, 58.9 ± 12.6 µg/m3, in the rainy season and dry season, respectively. This reveals that while only PM2.5 concentration levels in the dry seasonexceed national ambient air quality standards, but all of PM2.5 concentration levels consistently exceeded WHO guidelines. The study highlights the dominance of PM2.5 and its adverse health implications, as evidenced by the PM2.5/PM10 ratio (0.74 and 0.85 for the rainy and dry seasons, respectively) and its association with worse air quality. Analysis of PCDD/Fs concentrations in PM samples demonstrates their comparable levels in both seasons, with OCDD being the most abundant species. Furthermore, the study estimates the toxic equivalency (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs and assesses health risks, revealing a potentially high cancer risk from exposure to these pollutants, particularly PM2.5 under WHO2005-TEQ. Several PCDD/Fs- WHO2005-TEQ congeners exhibit higher concentration levels in PM2.5 compared to PM10, suggesting differential particulate matter dynamics and potential environmental implications. These findings underscore the urgent need for mitigation strategies to alleviate air pollution and reduce associated health risks in the dioxin hotspot of Vietnam.

Dracaenae cambodianae Pierre ex Gagnep (Huyết Giác in Vietnamese) is widely utilised in traditional remedies to alleviate joint pain. Indeed, D. cambodianae contains chemical components with biological properties such as cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. This research aims to determine the antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of D. cambodianae extract in RAW 264.7 and SW 1353 cell lines. The D. cambodianae was extracted with two solvents: dichloromethane (HGA) and methanol (HGB) and subsequently assessed for the total polyphenols and flavonoids content before evaluating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in RAW 264.7 and SW 1353 cell lines. The extract with HGB exhibited 1.73 times higher total polyphenol content than HGA. The antioxidant capacity (EC50) of HGA was lower than that of HGB. HGA displayed significant cytotoxicity towards the cells, while HGB did not induce cell death. HGB effectively inhibited nitric oxide production, LPS-induced iNOS, and IL-1β-stimulated MMP13 expression. These findings demonstrate that HBG derived from D. cambodianae Pierre ex Gagnep possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offering potential applications in the treatment of inflammation and osteoarthritis in the future.

Background Blueberries are ornamental plants grown in pots in many yards in the Mekong Delta (MD) region. In this region, the recent alluvial (RA) soil is fertile and ancient alluvial (AA) soil is considered degraded because it only has around a quarter of the nutrient content of the RA soil. Both soils have a high clay content, so organic matter is needed to improve their physical condition. This study aimed to identify the nutrients that limit the yield of blueberries in RA and AA soils of the MD. Methods The pot experiment was performed using a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors: (a) two soil types (RA and AA) and (b) four omission or treatment conditions (NPK, PK, NK, and NP). The same fertilizer formula was used for all treatments, including 45N–20P2O5–20K2O and mixing CHC (10 tha-1) into the potting soil. Results The blueberry yield in AA soil was only 81% of that in RA soil. In both RA and AA soils, N omission caused foliar N content deficiency (10.42 g kg−1), resulting in the content of foliar P (0.84 g kg−1) and K (3.78 g kg−1) to fall below the Trevett threshold. In both RA and AA, N omission resulted in reduced fruit yield (47% and 39%, respectively) as well as reduced weight of the stem (70% and 42%, respectively) and leaf (59% and 46%, respectively). Increased crop yields in soils were mainly related to nitrogen fertilizer. The indigenous nutrient supply (INS) of RA, which is fertile, was high but its apparent nutrient recovery efficiency (ARE) index was low, whereas the INS of AA, or the level of degraded soil, was low but its ARE index was high. In alluvial soils, the higher the INS level, the less positive the impact on the ARE index. In AA soil, the indigenous N and K supplies can be improved through fertilizer investment; however, a balance must be achieved considering economic efficiency.

Background: The understanding of risk factors related to severe anaphylaxis is key to implementing prevention strategies. We present the first French population-based nine-year anaphylaxis hospitalization study evaluating specific trends and factors related to severe anaphylaxis (SA), to support identification of phenotypes at-risk. Methods: This study used descriptive data from the French hospitalization database for the years 2012–2021, and included all patients hospitalized with anaphylaxis using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes listed as a primary diagnosis. SA were cases that either required a hospitalization in intensive care units or resulted in death. Potential risk factors were identified according to corresponding ICD codes, available as secondary data during the patient's hospitalization. Results: The average hospitalization rate of all cases of anaphylaxis (SA and non-SA) was 1.34/100,000/year, and rate of admissions for SA was 0.08/100,000/year. Among the 5463 SA, 37.7% had unspecified coding label, when trigger was not identified. For SA cases in which trigger was identified, most were related to drugs (45.6%), followed by food (9.3%) and insect sting (7.2%). Overall, admissions due to anaphylaxis (SA and non-SA) were more frequent in males (57%). However, when the trigger was drugs, the proportion was significantly higher in females. For children aged 5–9 years, the most common trigger for SA was food. Patients for which SA was triggered by insect stings were identified exclusively in the 10–14 years age group. Chronic spontaneous urticaria was associated with insect sting-induced anaphylaxis, regardless of the severity. Angioedema was associated with all causes of SA. Cases of anaphylaxis presenting with urticaria and angioedema included cases with identified and unidentified triggers. Asthma and a personal history of allergy were associated with drug- and food-induced anaphylaxis. Conclusion: This is the first study to provide data on severe phenotypes of anaphylaxis in France. Data presented is key to the implementation of public health actions and preventive strategies to improve quality care.

Son môi là sản phẩm ngày càng phổ biến trên thị trường làm đẹp, nhận được sự quan tâm của hầu hết người yêu cái đẹp. Củ Dền đỏ có tên khoa học là Beta vulgaris thuộc họ Dền (Amaranthaceae) chứa betalain – sắc tố màu đỏ hồng. Cám gạo - lớp ngoài của vỏ gạo có tên khoa học là Oryza sativa thuộc họ Lúa (Poaceae) chứa dầu cám gạo có tác dụng chống oxy hóa mạnh, chống lão hóa, hấp thụ UV, giữ ẩm. Trong nghiên cứu này, chất màu betalain và dầu cám gạo được chiết dưới dạng cao lỏng từ củ Dền và Cám gạo, công thức bào chế được nghiên cứu dựa trên việc lựa chọn, thêm vào hoặc bớt đi các thành phần và thông qua đánh giá cảm quan, mức độ lan truyền trên lam kính để chọn ra công thức tối ưu nhất. Kết quả của nghiên cứu là công thức son môi chứa màu tự nhiên của củ Dền đỏ và thành phần dầu cám gạo an toàn, lành tính đối với sức khỏe con người.

Enzyme là chất xúc tác sinh học có khối lượng phân tử lớn, enzyme được sử dụng rộng rãi trong công nghiệp thực phẩm. Mới đây, các nhà nghiên cứu đã sử dụng một phương pháp đơn giản để tổng hợp các peptide có hoạt tính sinh học bằng cách thủy phân protein bằng enzyme, đặc biệt là bằng enzyme cố định. Peptide có hoạt tính sinh học là một nhóm các phân tử sinh học nằm trong cấu trúc của protein và trở nên hoạt động sau khi phân tách khỏi protein. Trong bài báo này, nhóm nghiên cứu đã chế tạo được enzyme Bacillus protease cố định trên gel Ca-alginate. Ở điều kiện hoạt động tối ưu (pHop = 7, top = 50°C, τop = 35 phút), hoạt độ enzyme cố định đo được là 180,03 IU/mg, hiệu suất cố định Bacillus protease lên chất mang là 84,34 %. Kết quả cố định enzyme Bacillus protease trên Ca-alginate sẽ được sử dụng để tổng hợp các peptide ngắn có hoạt tính sinh học trong sữa đậu nành.

Giant congenital nevi, especially on the head and neck, pose a challenge for plastic surgeons. This requires extensive experience in detailed planning, combining different techniques, and selecting appropriate materials for reconstruction. There have been reports of using a tissue expander, serial resection method, and full-thickness skin grafts for this type of nevus. However, the best way to completely remove a giant congenital nevus is endless. In this article, we would like to present a case of a left hemifacial giant congenital nevus in which we used multiple tissue expansion to fully replace the nevus, along with some of our modification techniques.

This research explores the influence of Socially Responsible Human Resource Management (SRHRM) on Job Performance (JP), and it examines the intermediary functions of Public Service Motivation (PSM) and Knowledge Sharing (KS) in this relationship. This analysis is grounded in the Social Exchange Theory (SET). Employing a questionnaire survey strategy, this study collates data from 302 chosen participants through a convenient sampling approach. The target demographic encompassed cadres and civil servants employed in Ho Chi Minh City at the time of the study. Our findings indicate a notable correlation between SRHRM and JP and that PSM and KS act as partial mediators in the relationship between SRHRM and JP. This study also highlights the sequential mediating influence of PSM and KS on the SRHRM-JP relationship. This framework facilitates a deeper understanding of the direct and indirect effects SRHRM has on JP in the public sector landscape, which is influenced sequentially by PSM and KS. Thus, this study makes some theoretical contributions and bears significant practical implications for administrators within public entities.

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành với phương pháp thu thập dữ liệu định tính và định lượng từ 361 người tiêu dùng Việt Nam bằng bảng hỏi trực tuyến. Quá trình xử lý dữ liệu bao gồm phân tích độ tin cậy, xác định mô hình nhân tố và mô hình cấu trúc SEM tuyến tính. Kết quả cho thấy, “chủ nghĩa vị chủng trong tiêu dùng” đóng vai trò trung gian trong mối quan hệ giữa “lòng yêu nước” và “hành vi mua hàng nội địa”, nhưng “lòng yêu nước” không tác động một cách trực tiếp đến “hành vi mua hàng nội địa” mà chỉ gián tiếp thông qua “chủ nghĩa vị chủng trong tiêu dùng”. Thêm vào đó, “chủ nghĩa thế giới” có tác động trực tiếp và gián tiếp đến “hành vi mua hàng nội địa” thông qua biến trung gian “chủ nghĩa vị chủng trong tiêu dùng”. Kết quả thu được đã góp phần khẳng định mối tương quan giữa lòng yêu nước, chủ nghĩa thế giới và hành vi mua hàng may mặc nội địa, trong đó chủ nghĩa vị chủng trong tiêu dùng đóng vai trò trung gian.

This article aims to research the relationship between economic, financial indicators, and production factors on the amount of CO2 emissions, aiming towards policies for sustainable economic development while still protecting the environment. The research collects data from 36 countries from the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) organization and 02 developing countries from 2009 to 2020 with 456 observation data lines. The research results indicate that tax (TAX) positively impacts CO2 at 1.059 at the same time, debt-to-equity ratio (DEPT) has a positive impact at 0.165 and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) impacts the amount of CO2 emissions at 0.109. Concurrently, the study also discovered that the Human Development Index (HDI), Market Capitalization (MARC), and Material footprint (MFC) do not impact CO2. Moreover, when studying the relationship of MFC with GDP, DEPT, MARC, HDI, and TAX, the research results show that TAX has an impact of 0.657. HDI has an effect of 0.149. Alongside this, the negative consequences of MARC are -0.072. And DEPT is -0.224 on MFC. These results show that tax policy, debt management, and the Human Development Index are essential to minimizing environmental impacts towards sustainable development.

This paper investigates the effectiveness of an F-SCORE-based investment strategy in the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE). Utilizing data from listed companies on the HOSE between 2008 and 2022, we empirically test the performance of this strategy. The results indicate a statistically significant positive impact of F-SCORE on the one-year adjusted return rate of stocks, implying the effectiveness of F-SCORE as a tool for predicting stock returns. Furthermore, it was found that stocks in the High F-SCORE group generated a higher average return rate than those in the Low F-SCORE group and all high BM stocks. This study offers valuable insights for investors considering an F-SCORE-based investment strategy in the Vietnamese stock.