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1. Physical activity, sedentary time and physical capability in early old age: British birth cohort study

Author

Cooper, AJM, Simmons, RK, Kuh, D, Brage, S, Cooper, R, Hardy, R, Pierce, M, Richards, M, Abington, J, Wong, A, Adams, JE, Machin, M, Stephens, AM, Bonar, K, Bryant, S, Cole, D, Nip, W, Ambrosini, G, Pellerin, D, Chaturvedi, N, Hughes, A, Ghosh, A, March, K, Macfarlane, P, Inglis, L, Friberg, P, Osika, W, Ekelund, U, Mayle, S, Westgate, K, Deanfield, J, Donald, A, Kok, S, Masi, S, Phalora, R, Woodside, J, Bruce, I, Harwood, N, Oughton, E, Chapman, A, Khattar, RS, Nair, SB, Franklyn, J, Palmer, S, Boardman, K, Crabtree, N, Clements, R, Suvari, M, Steeds, R, Craig, K, Howard, E, Morley, T, Scanlon, M, Petit, R, Evans, W, Fraser, A, Edwards, J, Reece, E, Newby, D, Marshall, F, Hannan, J, Miller, C, White, A, MacAllister, R, Harris, J, Singzon, R, Ell, P, Townsend, C, Demetrescu, C, Chowienczyk, P, Darroch, P, McNeill, K, Spector, T, Clements, G, Jiang, B, Lessof, C, Cheshire, H, Medical Research Council (MRC), Simmons, Rebecca [0000-0002-7726-8529], Brage, Soren [0000-0002-1265-7355], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Gerontology, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Male, Cross-sectional study, General Science & Technology, Physical activity, lcsh:Medicine, Motor Activity, Biochemistry, Grip strength, Heart rate, MD Multidisciplinary, Medicine, Humans, lcsh:Science, Exercise, Sedentary lifestyle, Multidisciplinary, Wales, business.industry, Mortality rate, Medicine (all), Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Metabolism, England, Female, Middle Aged, Scotland, Sedentary Lifestyle, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), lcsh:R, Confidence interval, lcsh:Q, Sedentary Behavior, business, human activities, Cohort study, Demography, Research Article
Abstract

PURPOSE: To investigate the associations of time spent sedentary, in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) with physical capability measures at age 60-64 years. METHODS: Time spent sedentary and in MVPA and, PAEE were assessed using individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing among 1727 participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development in England, Scotland and Wales as part of a detailed clinical assessment undertaken in 2006-2010. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional associations between standardised measures of each of these behavioural variables with grip strength, chair rise and timed up-&-go (TUG) speed and standing balance time. RESULTS: Greater time spent in MVPA was associated with higher levels of physical capability; adjusted mean differences in each capability measure per 1 standard deviation increase in MVPA time were: grip strength (0.477 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.015 to 0.939), chair rise speed (0.429 stands/min, 95% CI: 0.093 to 0.764), standing balance time (0.028 s, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.053) and TUG speed (0.019 m/s, 95% CI: 0.011 to 0.026). In contrast, time spent sedentary was associated with lower grip strength (-0.540 kg, 95% CI: -1.013 to -0.066) and TUG speed (-0.011 m/s, 95% CI: -0.019 to -0.004). Associations for PAEE were similar to those for MVPA. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of MVPA and overall physical activity (PAEE) are associated with greater levels of physical capability whereas time spent sedentary is associated with lower levels of capability. Future intervention studies in older adults should focus on both the promotion of physical activity and reduction in time spent sedentary.

Published
2014

2. Physical activity, sedentary time and physical capability in early old age: British birth cohort study

Author

Cooper, AJM, Simmons, RK, Kuh, D, Brage, S, Cooper, R, Hardy, R, Pierce, M, Richards, M, Abington, J, Wong, A, Adams, JE, Machin, M, Stephens, AM, Bonar, K, Bryant, S, Cole, D, Nip, W, Ambrosini, G, Pellerin, D, Chaturvedi, N, Hughes, A, Ghosh, A, March, K, Macfarlane, P, Inglis, L, Friberg, P, Osika, W, Ekelund, U, Mayle, S, Westgate, K, Deanfield, J, Donald, A, Kok, S, Masi, S, Phalora, R, Woodside, J, Bruce, I, Harwood, N, Oughton, E, Chapman, A, Khattar, RS, Nair, SB, Franklyn, J, Palmer, S, Boardman, K, Crabtree, N, Clements, R, Suvari, M, Steeds, R, Craig, K, Howard, E, Morley, T, Scanlon, M, Petit, R, Evans, W, Fraser, A, Edwards, J, Reece, E, Newby, D, Marshall, F, Hannan, J, Miller, C, White, A, MacAllister, R, Harris, J, Singzon, R, Ell, P, Townsend, C, Demetrescu, C, Chowienczyk, P, Darroch, P, McNeill, K, Spector, T, Clements, G, Jiang, B, Lessof, C, Cheshire, H, Cooper, AJM, Simmons, RK, Kuh, D, Brage, S, Cooper, R, Hardy, R, Pierce, M, Richards, M, Abington, J, Wong, A, Adams, JE, Machin, M, Stephens, AM, Bonar, K, Bryant, S, Cole, D, Nip, W, Ambrosini, G, Pellerin, D, Chaturvedi, N, Hughes, A, Ghosh, A, March, K, Macfarlane, P, Inglis, L, Friberg, P, Osika, W, Ekelund, U, Mayle, S, Westgate, K, Deanfield, J, Donald, A, Kok, S, Masi, S, Phalora, R, Woodside, J, Bruce, I, Harwood, N, Oughton, E, Chapman, A, Khattar, RS, Nair, SB, Franklyn, J, Palmer, S, Boardman, K, Crabtree, N, Clements, R, Suvari, M, Steeds, R, Craig, K, Howard, E, Morley, T, Scanlon, M, Petit, R, Evans, W, Fraser, A, Edwards, J, Reece, E, Newby, D, Marshall, F, Hannan, J, Miller, C, White, A, MacAllister, R, Harris, J, Singzon, R, Ell, P, Townsend, C, Demetrescu, C, Chowienczyk, P, Darroch, P, McNeill, K, Spector, T, Clements, G, Jiang, B, Lessof, C, and Cheshire, H

Abstract

Purpose To investigate the associations of time spent sedentary, in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) with physical capability measures at age 60-64 years. Methods Time spent sedentary and in MVPA and, PAEE were assessed using individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing among 1727 participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development in England, Scotland and Wales as part of a detailed clinical assessment undertaken in 2006-2010. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional associations between standardised measures of each of these behavioural variables with grip strength, chair rise and timed up-&-go (TUG) speed and standing balance time. Results Greater time spent in MVPA was associated with higher levels of physical capability; adjusted mean differences in each capability measure per 1standard deviation increase in MVPA time were: grip strength (0.477 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.015 to 0.939), chair rise speed (0.429 stands/min, 95% CI: 0.093 to 0.764), standing balance time (0.028 s, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.053) and TUG speed (0.019 m/s, 95% CI: 0.011 to 0.026). In contrast, time spent sedentary was associated with lower grip strength (-0.540 kg, 95% CI: -1.013 to -0.066) and TUG speed (-0.011 m/s, 95% CI: -0.019 to -0.004). Associations for PAEE were similar to those for MVPA. Conclusion Higher levels of MVPA and overall physical activity (PAEE) are associated with greater levels of physical capability whereas time spent sedentary is associated with lower levels of capability. Future intervention studies in older adults should focus on both the promotion of physical activity and reduction in time spent sedentary.

Published
2015

3. Manipulation of lipid bioaccessibility of almond seeds influences postprandial lipemia in healthy human subjects.

Author

Berry SE, Tydeman EA, Lewis HB, Phalora R, Rosborough J, Picout DR, and Ellis PR

Subjects
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Area Under Curve, Biological Availability, Blood Glucose analysis, Blood Glucose metabolism, Cross-Over Studies, Digestion, Endothelium, Vascular drug effects, Endothelium, Vascular physiology, Flour, Humans, Insulin blood, Intestinal Absorption, Male, Plant Oils, Postprandial Period drug effects, Seeds, Sunflower Oil, Dietary Fats pharmacokinetics, Hyperlipidemias epidemiology, Lipids blood, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Prunus chemistry, Triglycerides blood
Abstract

Background: Plant cell walls are known to influence the rate and extent of lipid release from plant food tissues during digestion; however, the effect of cell wall structure on postprandial lipemia is unknown., Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of lipid release (bioaccessibility) on postprandial lipemia by comparing lipid encapsulated by cell walls with lipid present as free oil., Design: A randomized crossover trial (n = 20 men) compared the effects of 3 meals containing 54 g fat provided as whole almond seed macroparticles (WA), almond oil and defatted almond flour (AO), or a sunflower oil blend as control (CO) on postprandial changes in oxidative stress (8-isoprostane F(2)alpha concentrations), vascular tone (peripheral augmentation index), and plasma triacylglycerol, glucose, and insulin concentrations., Results: The postprandial increase in plasma triacylglycerol was lower [74% and 58% lower incremental area under curve (iAUC)] after the WA meal than after the AO and CO meals (P < 0.001). Increases in plasma glucose concentrations (0-180 min) were significantly higher after the WA meal (iAUC: 114; 95% CI: 76, 153) than after the AO meal (iAUC: 74; 95% CI: 48, 99) (P < 0.05), but no significant differences from the CO meal were observed (iAUC: 88; 95% CI: 66, 109). The peak reductions in peripheral augmentation index after the WA, AO, and CO meals (-9.5%, -10.1%, and -12.6%, respectively, at 2 h) were not significantly different between meals. Plasma 8-isoprostane F(2)alpha and insulin concentrations did not differ significantly between meals., Conclusions: The bioaccessibility of lipid in almond seeds, which is regulated by the structure and properties of cell walls, plays a primary role in determining postprandial lipemia.

Published
2008
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