40 results on '"Phabiola Herrera"'
Search Results
2. Do worsening lung ultrasound scans identify severe COVID-19 trajectories?
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Paul W. Blair, Jimin Hwang, Jackson Pearce, Tiffany C. Fong, Erjia Cui, Phabiola Herrera, Gigi Liu, Ciprian Crainiceanu, Trishul Siddharthan, Danielle V. Clark, The CCPSEI Research Team, Katherine Fenstermacher, Sophia Shea, Stefanie Seo, Josh Lawrence, Lauren Sauer, Bhakti Hansoti, and Richard Rothman
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lung ultrasound ,point-of-care lung ultrasound ,COVID-19 ,severe COVID-19 ,cohort study ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
BackgroundWhile point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been used to track worsening COVID-19 disease it is unclear if there are dynamic differences between severity trajectories.MethodsWe studied 12-lung zone protocol scans from 244 participants [with repeat scans obtained in 3 days (N = 114), 7 days (N = 53), and weekly (N = 9)] ≥ 18 years of age hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia. Differences in mean lung ultrasound (LUS) scores and percent of lung fields with A-lines over time were compared between peak severity levels (as defined by the WHO clinical progression scale) using linear mixed-effects models.ResultsMean LUS scores were elevated by 0.19 (p = 0.035) and A-lines were present in 14.7% fewer lung fields (p = 0.02) among those with ICU-level or fatal peak illness compared to less severe hospitalized illness, regardless of duration of illness. There were no differences between severity groups in the trajectories of mean LUS score 0.19 (p = 0.66) or percent A-lines (p = 0.40).DiscussionOur results do not support the use of serial LUS scans to monitor COVID-19 disease progression among hospitalized adults.
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- 2022
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3. Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound Predicts Severe Disease and Death Due to COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study
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Paul W. Blair, MD, Trishul Siddharthan, MD, Gigi Liu, MD, Jiawei Bai, PhD, Erja Cui, BSc, Joshua East, RPSGT, Phabiola Herrera, MD, Lalaine Anova, MS, Varun Mahadevan, BA, Jimin Hwang, MD, Shakir Hossen, MBBS, Stefanie Seo, BS, Olamide Sonuga, BS, Joshua Lawrence, BS, Jillian Peters, MD, Andrea L. Cox, MD, PhD, Yukari C. Manabe, MD, Katherine Fenstermacher, PhD, Sophia Shea, MPH, Richard E. Rothman, MD, PhD, Bhakti Hansoti, MD, Lauren Sauer, MS, Ciprian Crainiceanu, PhD, and Danielle V. Clark, PhD
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Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
OBJECTIVES:. The clinical utility of point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is unclear. DESIGN:. Prospective cohort study. SETTING:. A large tertiary care center in Maryland, between April 2020 and September 2021. PATIENTS:. Hospitalized adults (≥ 18 yr old) with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results. INTERVENTIONS:. None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. All patients were scanned using a standardized protocol including 12 lung zones and followed to determine clinical outcomes until hospital discharge and vital status at 28 days. Ultrasounds were independently reviewed for lung and pleural line artifacts and abnormalities, and the mean LUS Score (mLUSS) (ranging from 0 to 3) across lung zones was determined. The primary outcome was time to ICU-level care, defined as high-flow oxygen, noninvasive, or invasive mechanical ventilation, within 28 days of the initial ultrasound. Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age and sex were fit for mLUSS and each ultrasound covariate. A total of 264 participants were enrolled in the study; the median age was 61 years and 114 participants (43.2%) were female. The median mLUSS was 1.0 (interquartile range, 0.5–1.3). Following enrollment, 27 participants (10.0%) went on to require ICU-level care, and 14 (5.3%) subsequently died by 28 days. Each increase in mLUSS at enrollment was associated with disease progression to ICU-level care (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.61; 95% CI, 1.27–10.2) and 28-day mortality (aHR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.29–7.50). Pleural line abnormalities were independently associated with disease progression to death (aHR, 20.93; CI, 3.33–131.30). CONCLUSIONS:. Participants with a mLUSS greater than or equal to 1 or pleural line changes on LUS had an increased likelihood of subsequent requirement of high-flow oxygen or greater. LUS is a promising tool for assessing risk of COVID-19 progression at the bedside.
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- 2022
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4. Risk factors for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in mechanically ventilated adults in Peru: a multicenter observational study
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Ena Gupta, Shakir Hossen, Matthew R. Grigsby, Phabiola Herrera, Rollin Roldan, Enrique Paz, Amador A. Jaymez, Eduardo E. Chirinos, Jose Portugal, Rocio Quispe, Roy G. Brower, William Checkley, and INTENSIVOS Cohort Study
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome ,Prevention ,Critically ill ,Mechanical ventilation ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Abstract Background Clinical and epidemiological differences between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that presents at the initiation of mechanical ventilation [MV] (ARDS at MV onset) and that which develops during the course of MV (ARDS after MV onset) are not well understood. We conducted an observational study in five Peruvian ICUs to characterize differences between ARDS at MV onset and after MV onset and identify risk factors for the development of ARDS after MV onset. Methods We consecutively enrolled critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure requiring at least 24 h of mechanical ventilation and followed them prospectively during the first 28 days and compared baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes by ARDS status. Results We enrolled 1657 participants on MV (mean age 60.0 years, 55% males) of whom 334 (20.2%) had ARDS at MV onset and 180 (10.9%) developed ARDS after MV onset. Average tidal volume at the initiation of MV was 8.7 mL/kg of predicted body weight (PBW) for participants with ARDS at MV onset, 8.6 mL/kg PBW for those who developed ARDS after MV onset, and 8.5 mL/kg PBW for those who never developed ARDS (p = 0.23). Overall, 90-day mortality was 56% and 55% for ARDS after MV onset and ARDS at MV onset, respectively, as compared to 46% among those who never developed ARDS (p
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- 2019
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5. Sedation practices and clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients in a prospective multicenter cohort
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Romina E. Aragón, Alvaro Proaño, Nicole Mongilardi, Aldo de Ferrari, Phabiola Herrera, Rollin Roldan, Enrique Paz, Amador A. Jaymez, Eduardo Chirinos, Jose Portugal, Rocio Quispe, Roy G. Brower, and William Checkley
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Sedation ,Clinical outcomes ,Critical illness ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives We sought to study the association between sedation status, medications (benzodiazepines, opioids, and antipsychotics), and clinical outcomes in a resource-limited setting. Design A longitudinal study of critically ill participants on mechanical ventilation. Setting Five intensive care units (ICUs) in four public hospitals in Lima, Peru. Patients One thousand six hundred fifty-seven critically ill participants were assessed daily for sedation status during 28 days and vital status by day 90. Results After excluding data of participants without a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score and without sedation, we followed 1338 (81%) participants longitudinally for 18,645 ICU days. Deep sedation was present in 98% of participants at some point of the study and in 12,942 ICU days. Deep sedation was associated with higher mortality (interquartile odds ratio (OR) = 5.42, 4.23–6.95; p
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- 2019
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6. Identification of New Helicobacter pylori Subpopulations in Native Americans and Mestizos From Peru
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Andrés Julián Gutiérrez-Escobar, Billie Velapatiño, Victor Borda, Charles S. Rabkin, Eduardo Tarazona-Santos, Lilia Cabrera, Jaime Cok, Catherine C. Hooper, Helena Jahuira-Arias, Phabiola Herrera, Mehwish Noureen, Difei Wang, Judith Romero-Gallo, Bao Tran, Richard M. Peek, Douglas E. Berg, Robert H. Gilman, and M. Constanza Camargo
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Amerindians ,ancestry ,indigenous ,hspAmerind ,mestizo ,Peru ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Region-specific Helicobacter pylori subpopulations have been identified. It is proposed that the hspAmerind subpopulation is being displaced from the Americans by an hpEurope population following the conquest. Our study aimed to describe the genomes and methylomes of H. pylori isolates from distinct Peruvian communities: 23 strains collected from three groups of Native Americans (Asháninkas [ASHA, n = 9], Shimaas [SHIM, n = 5] from Amazonas, and Punos from the Andean highlands [PUNO, n = 9]) and 9 modern mestizos from Lima (LIM). Closed genomes and DNA modification calls were obtained using SMRT/PacBio sequencing. We performed evolutionary analyses and evaluated genomic/epigenomic differences among strain groups. We also evaluated human genome-wide data from 74 individuals from the selected Native communities (including the 23 H. pylori strains donors) to compare host and bacterial backgrounds. There were varying degrees of hspAmerind ancestry in all strains, ranging from 7% in LIM to 99% in SHIM. We identified three H. pylori subpopulations corresponding to each of the Native groups and a novel hspEuropePeru which evolved in the modern mestizos. The divergence of the indigenous H. pylori strains recapitulated the genetic structure of Native Americans. Phylogenetic profiling showed that Orthogroups in the indigenous strains seem to have evolved differentially toward epigenomic regulation and chromosome maintenance, whereas OGs in the modern mestizo (LIM) seem to have evolved toward virulence and adherence. The prevalence of cagA+/vacA s1i1m1 genotype was similar across populations (p = 0.32): 89% in ASHA, 67% in PUNO, 56% in LIM and 40% in SHIM. Both cagA and vacA sequences showed that LIM strains were genetically differentiated (p < 0.001) as compared to indigenous strains. We identified 642 R-M systems with 39% of the associated genes located in the core genome. We found 692 methylation motifs, including 254 population-specific sequences not previously described. In Peru, hspAmerind is not extinct, with traces found even in a heavily admixed mestizo population. Notably, our study identified three new hspAmerind subpopulations, one per Native group; and a new subpopulation among mestizos that we named hspEuropePeru. This subpopulation seems to have more virulence-related elements than hspAmerind. Purifying selection driven by variable host immune response may have shaped the evolution of Peruvian subpopulations, potentially impacting disease outcomes.
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- 2020
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7. Socioeconomic and nutritional factors account for the association of gastric cancer with Amerindian ancestry in a Latin American admixed population.
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Latife Pereira, Roxana Zamudio, Giordano Soares-Souza, Phabiola Herrera, Lilia Cabrera, Catherine C Hooper, Jaime Cok, Juan M Combe, Gloria Vargas, William A Prado, Silvana Schneider, Fernanda Kehdy, Maira R Rodrigues, Stephen J Chanock, Douglas E Berg, Robert H Gilman, and Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer and its incidence varies worldwide, with the Andean region of South America showing high incidence rates. We evaluated the genetic structure of the population from Lima (Peru) and performed a case-control genetic association study to test the contribution of African, European, or Native American ancestry to risk for gastric cancer, controlling for the effect of non-genetic factors. A wide set of socioeconomic, dietary, and clinic information was collected for each participant in the study and ancestry was estimated based on 103 ancestry informative markers. Although the urban population from Lima is usually considered as mestizo (i.e., admixed from Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans), we observed a high fraction of Native American ancestry (78.4% for the cases and 74.6% for the controls) and a very low African ancestry (
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- 2012
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8. Helicobacter pylori from Peruvian amerindians: traces of human migrations in strains from remote Amazon, and genome sequence of an Amerind strain.
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Dangeruta Kersulyte, Awdhesh Kalia, Robert H Gilman, Melissa Mendez, Phabiola Herrera, Lilia Cabrera, Billie Velapatiño, Jacqueline Balqui, Freddy Paredes Puente de la Vega, Carlos A Rodriguez Ulloa, Jaime Cok, Catherine C Hooper, Giedrius Dailide, Sravya Tamma, and Douglas E Berg
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is extraordinary in its genetic diversity, the differences between strains from well-separated human populations, and the range of diseases that infection promotes.Housekeeping gene sequences from H. pylori from residents of an Amerindian village in the Peruvian Amazon, Shimaa, were related to, but not intermingled with, those from Asia. This suggests descent of Shimaa strains from H. pylori that had infected the people who migrated from Asia into The Americas some 15,000+ years ago. In contrast, European type sequences predominated in strains from Amerindian Lima shantytown residents, but with some 12% Amerindian or East Asian-like admixture, which indicates displacement of ancestral purely Amerindian strains by those of hybrid or European ancestry. The genome of one Shimaa village strain, Shi470, was sequenced completely. Its SNP pattern was more Asian- than European-like genome-wide, indicating a purely Amerind ancestry. Among its unusual features were two cagA virulence genes, each distinct from those known from elsewhere; and a novel allele of gene hp0519, whose encoded protein is postulated to interact with host tissue. More generally, however, the Shi470 genome is similar in gene content and organization to those of strains from industrialized countries.Our data indicate that Shimaa village H. pylori descend from Asian strains brought to The Americas many millennia ago; and that Amerind strains are less fit than, and were substantially displaced by, hybrid or European strains in less isolated communities. Genome comparisons of H. pylori from Amerindian and other communities should help elucidate evolutionary forces that have shaped pathogen populations in The Americas and worldwide.
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- 2010
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9. Helicobacter Pylori's plasticity zones are novel transposable elements.
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Dangeruta Kersulyte, Wookon Lee, Dharmalingam Subramaniam, Shrikant Anant, Phabiola Herrera, Lilia Cabrera, Jacqueline Balqui, Orsolya Barabas, Awdhesh Kalia, Robert H Gilman, and Douglas E Berg
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Genes present in only certain strains of a bacterial species can strongly affect cellular phenotypes and evolutionary potentials. One segment that seemed particularly rich in strain-specific genes was found by comparing the first two sequenced Helicobacter pylori genomes (strains 26695 and J99) and was named a "plasticity zone". PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We studied the nature and evolution of plasticity zones by sequencing them in five more Helicobacter strains, determining their locations in additional strains, and identifying them in recently released genome sequences. They occurred as discrete units, inserted at numerous chromosomal sites, and were usually flanked by direct repeats of 5'AAGAATG, a sequence generally also present in one copy at unoccupied sites in other strains. This showed that plasticity zones are transposable elements, to be called TnPZs. Each full length TnPZ contained a cluster of type IV protein secretion genes (tfs3), a tyrosine recombinase family gene ("xerT"), and a large (>or=2800 codon) orf encoding a protein with helicase and DNA methylase domains, plus additional orfs with no homology to genes of known function. Several TnPZ types were found that differed in gene arrangement or DNA sequence. Our analysis also indicated that the first-identified plasticity zones (in strains 26695 and J99) are complex mosaics of TnPZ remnants, formed by multiple TnPZ insertions, and spontaneous and transposable element mediated deletions. Tests using laboratory-generated deletions showed that TnPZs are not essential for viability, but identified one TnPZ that contributed quantitatively to bacterial growth during mouse infection and another that affected synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in cell culture. CONCLUSIONS:We propose that plasticity zone genes are contained in conjugative transposons (TnPZs) or remnants of them, that TnPZ insertion is mediated by XerT recombinase, and that some TnPZ genes affect bacterial phenotypes and fitness.
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- 2009
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10. Resources and Geographic Access to Care for Severe Pediatric Pneumonia in Four Resource-limited Settings
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Suzanne M. Simkovich, Lindsay J. Underhill, Miles A. Kirby, Mary E. Crocker, Dina Goodman, John P. McCracken, Lisa M. Thompson, Anaité Diaz-Artiga, Adly Castañaza-Gonzalez, Sarada S. Garg, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Gurusamy Thangavel, Ghislaine Rosa, Jennifer L. Peel, Thomas F. Clasen, Eric D. McCollum, William Checkley, Vigneswari Aravindalochanan, Dana B. Barr, Vanessa Burrowes, Devan Campbell, Eduardo Canuz, Howard Chang, Yunyun Chen, Marilú Chiang, Maggie L. Clark, Rachel Craik, Victor Dávila-Román, Lisa de las Fuentes, Oscar De Léon, Ephrem Dusabimana, Lisa Elon, Juan Gabriel Espinoza, Irma S. Pineda Fuentes, Savannah Gupton, Meghan Hardison, Stella Hartinger, Steven A. Harvey, Mayari Hengstermann, Phabiola Herrera, Shakir Hossen, Penelope Howards, Lindsay Jaacks, Shirin Jabbarzadeh, Michael A. Johnson, Abigail Jones, Katherine Kearns, Jacob Kremer, Margaret Laws, Patricia M. Lenzen, Jiawen Liao, Amy Lovvorn, Fiona Majorin, Julia McPeek, Rachel M. Meyers, J. Jaime Miranda, Erick Mollinedo, Lawrence Moulton, Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay, Luke Naeher, Abidan Nambajimana, Florien Ndagijimana, Azhar Nizam, Jean de Dieu Ntivuguruzwa, Aris Papageorghiou, Ricardo Piedrahita, Ajay Pillarisetti, Naveen Puttaswamy, Elisa Puzzolo, Ashlinn Quinn, Sarah Rajkumar, Usha Ramakrishnan, Davis Reardon, Joshua Rosenthal, P. Barry Ryan, Zoe Sakas, Sankar Sambandam, Jeremy Sarnat, Sheela Sinharoy, Kirk R. Smith, Kyle Steenland, Damien Swearing, Ashley K. Toenjes, Jean Damascene Uwizeyimana, Viviane Valdes, Amit Verma, Lance Waller, Megan Warnock, Kendra Williams, Wenlu Ye, and Bonnie Young
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Referral ,business.industry ,Creative commons ,Original Articles ,low- and middle-income country ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Environmental and Occupational Lung Disease/Pediatrics and Lung Development ,pulse oximetry ,health service accessibility ,Pneumonia ,Intervention (counseling) ,Health care ,medicine ,pneumonia ,Humans ,Medical emergency ,Healthcare Disparities ,business ,Child ,License ,Limited resources ,Cause of death - Abstract
RATIONALE: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children worldwide. Identifying and appropriately managing severe pneumonia in a timely manner improves outcomes. Little is known about the readiness of healthcare facilities to manage severe pediatric pneumonia in low-resource settings. OBJECTIVES: As part of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial, we sought to identify healthcare facilities that were adequately resourced to manage severe pediatric pneumonia in Jalapa, Guatemala (J-GUA); Puno, Peru (P-PER); Kayonza, Rwanda (K-RWA); and Tamil Nadu, India (T-IND). We conducted a facility-based survey of available infrastructure, staff, equipment, and medical consumables. Facilities were georeferenced and a road network analysis was performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 350 healthcare facilities surveyed, 13% had adequate resources to manage severe pneumonia, 37% had pulse oximeters, and 44% had supplemental oxygen. Mean (±SD) travel time to an adequately-resourced facility was 41±19 minutes in J-GUA, 99±64 minutes in P-PER, 40±19 minutes in K-RWA, and 31±19 minutes in T-IND. Expanding pulse oximetry coverage to all facilities reduced travel time by 44% in J-GUA, 29% in P-PER, 29% in K-RWA, and 11% in T-IND (all p
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- 2021
11. Ultrasound Core Laboratory for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial: Standardized Training and Image Management for Field Studies Using Portable Ultrasound in Fetal, Lung, and Vascular Evaluations
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John P. McCracken, Thomas Clasen, Phabiola Herrera, Suzanne M. Simkovich, Aris T. Papageorghiou, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Lisa M. Thompson, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Elizabeth C. Fung, Jennifer L. Peel, Rachel M. Meyers, Lisa de las Fuentes, Pattie M. Lenzen, Rachel Craik, Ghislaine Rosa, Shakir Hossen, Ashley K. Toenjes, William Checkley, and Investigators, HAPIN
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Sonographer ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,Standardization ,Image quality ,Biophysics ,India ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Core Laboratory ,Education ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fetus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Peru ,Ultrasound ,Humans ,Medicine ,Ultrasonics ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Medical physics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Lung ,Ultrasonography ,Competency ,Protocol (science) ,Lung ultrasound ,Multidisciplinary ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Rwanda ,CIMT ,Retraining ,Quality control ,Original Contribution ,Guatemala ,Portable ultrasound ,Fetal ultrasound ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Computers, Handheld ,Blood Vessels ,Female ,BART ,business - Abstract
Ultrasound Core Laboratories (UCL) are used in multicenter trials to assess imaging biomarkers to define robust phenotypes, to reduce imaging variability and to allow blinded independent review with the purpose of optimizing endpoint measurement precision. The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network, a multicountry randomized controlled trial (Guatemala, Peru, India and Rwanda), evaluates the effects of reducing household air pollution on health outcomes. Field studies using portable ultrasound evaluate fetal, lung and vascular imaging endpoints. The objective of this report is to describe administrative methods and training of a centralized clinical research UCL. A comprehensive administrative protocol and training curriculum included standard operating procedures, didactics, practical scanning and written/practical assessments of general ultrasound principles and specific imaging protocols. After initial online training, 18 sonographers (three or four per country and five from the UCL) participated in a 2 wk on-site training program. Written and practical testing evaluated ultrasound topic knowledge and scanning skills, and surveys evaluated the overall course. The UCL developed comprehensive standard operating procedures for image acquisition with a portable ultrasound system, digital image upload to cloud-based storage, off-line analysis and quality control. Pre- and post-training tests showed significant improvements (fetal ultrasound: 71% ± 13% vs. 93% ± 7%, p < 0.0001; vascular lung ultrasound: 60% ± 8% vs. 84% ± 10%, p < 0.0001). Qualitative and quantitative feedback showed high satisfaction with training (mean, 4.9 ± 0.1; scale: 1 = worst, 5 = best). The UCL oversees all stages: training, standardization, performance monitoring, image quality control and consistency of measurements. Sonographers who failed to meet minimum allowable performance were identified for retraining. In conclusion, a UCL was established to ensure accurate and reproducible ultrasound measurements in clinical research. Standardized operating procedures and training are aimed at reducing variability and enhancing measurement precision from study sites, representing a model for use of portable digital ultrasound for multicenter field studies.
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- 2021
12. Point-of-care lung ultrasound predicts severe disease and death due to COVID-19: a prospective cohort study
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Paul W. Blair, Trishul Siddharthan, Gigi Liu, Jiawei Bai, Joshua East, Phabiola Herrera, Lalaine Anova, Varun Mahadevan, Shakir Hossen, Stefanie Seo, Olamide Sonuga, Joshua Lawrence, Jillian Peters, Andrea Cox, Yukari C. Manabe, Katherine Fenstermacher, Sophia Shea, Richard E. Rothman, Bhakti Hansoti, Lauren Sauer, Ciprian Crainiceanu, and Danielle V. Clark
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ObjectiveThe clinical utility of point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) for disease severity triage of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is unclear.DesignProspective cohort studySettingA large tertiary care center in Maryland, USA between April 2020 to September 2021.PatientsHospitalized adults (≥18 years of age) with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsAll patients were scanned using a standardized protocol including 12 lung zones and followed to determine clinical outcomes until hospital discharge and vital status at 28-days. Ultrasounds were independently reviewed for lung and pleural line artifacts and abnormalities, and the mean Lung Ultrasound Score (ranging from 0 to 3) across lung zones (mLUSS) was determined. The primary outcome was time to ICU-level care, defined as high flow oxygen, noninvasive, or mechanical ventilation, within 28-days of the initial ultrasound. Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age and sex were fit for mLUSS and each ultrasound covariate. A total of 264 participants were enrolled in the study; the median age was 59 years and 114 (43.2) % of participants were female. The median mLUSS was 1 (interquartile range: 0.5 to 1.3). Following enrollment, 29 (11.0%) participants went on to require ICU-level care and 14 (5.3%) subsequently died by 28 days. Each increase in mLUSS at enrollment was associated with disease progression to ICU-level care (aHR = 3.63; 95% CI: 1.23 to 10.65) and 28-day mortality (aHR = 4.50; 95% CI: 1.52 to 13.31). Pleural line abnormalities were independently associated with disease progression to ICU-level care (aHR = 18.86; CI: 1.57 to 226.09).ConclusionsParticipants with a mLUSS ≥1 or pleural line changes on LUS had an increased likelihood of subsequent requirement of high flow oxygen or greater. LUS is a promising tool for assessing risk of COVID-19 progression at the bedside.
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- 2022
13. Developing visual messages to support liquefied petroleum gas use in intervention homes in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial in rural Guatemala
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Mayarí Hengstermann, Anaité Díaz-Artiga, Roberto Otzóy-Sucúc, Ana Laura Maria Ruiz-Aguilar, Lisa M. Thompson, Vigneswari Aravindalochanan, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Dana Boyd Barr, Vanessa Burrowes, Devan Campbell, Julia McPeek Campbell, Eduardo Canuz, Adly Castañaza, Howard Chang, William Checkley, Yunyun Chen, Marilú Chiang, Maggie L. Clark, Thomas Clasen, Rachel Craik, Mary Crocker, Victor Davila-Roman, Lisa de las Fuentes, Oscar De Léon, Anaité Diaz-Artiga, Ephrem Dusabimana, Lisa Elon, Juan Gabriel Espinoza, Irma Sayury Pineda Fuentes, Sarada Garg, Dina Goodman, Savannah Gupton, Meghan Hardison, Stella Hartinger, Steven A. Harvey, Mayari Hengstermann, Phabiola Herrera, Shakir Hossen, Penelope Howards, Lindsay Jaacks, Shirin Jabbarzadeh, Michael A. Johnson, Abigail Jones, Katherine Kearns, Miles Kirby, Jacob Kremer, Margaret Laws, Jiawen Liao, Amy Lovvorn, Fiona Majorin, Eric McCollum, John McCracken, Rachel Meyers, J. Jaime Miranda, Erick Mollinedo, Lawrence Moulton, Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay, Luke Naeher, Abidan Nambajimana, Florien Ndagijimana, Azhar Nizam, Jean de Dieu Ntivuguruzwa, Aris Papageorghiou, Jennifer Peel, Ricardo Piedrahita, Ajay Pillarisetti, Naveen Puttaswamy, Elisa Puzzolo, Ashlinn Quinn, Sarah Rajkumar, Usha Ramakrishnan, Davis Reardon, Ghislaine Rosa, Joshua Rosenthal, P. Barry Ryan, Zoe Sakas, Sankar Sambandam, Jeremy Sarnat, Suzanne Simkovich, Sheela Sinharoy, Kirk R. Smith, Kyle Steenland, Damien Swearing, Gurusamy Thangavel, Ashley Toenjes, Lindsay Underhill, Jean Damascene Uwizeyimana, Viviane Valdes, Amit Verma, Lance Waller, Megan Warnock, Kendra Williams, Wenlu Ye, and Bonnie Young
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Rural Population ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Air pollution ,Health literacy ,Pilot Projects ,medicine.disease_cause ,Guatemala ,Audiovisual Aids ,Liquefied petroleum gas ,Human health ,Intervention (law) ,Petroleum ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Environmental health ,Air Pollution ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,medicine ,Humans ,Business ,Cooking - Abstract
Background Household air pollution adversely affects human health and the environment, yet more than 40% of the world still depends on solid cooking fuels. The House Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial is assessing the health effects of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and 18-month supply of free fuel in 3,200 households in rural Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Aims We conducted formative research in Guatemala to create visual messages that support the sustained, exclusive use of LPG in HAPIN intervention households. Method We conducted ethnographic research, including direct observation ( n = 36), in-depth ( n = 18), and semistructured ( n = 6) interviews, and 24 focus group discussions ( n = 96) to understand participants’ experience with LPG. Sixty participants were selected from a pilot study of LPG stove and 2-months of free fuel to assess the acceptability and use of LPG. Emergent themes were used to create visual messages based on observations and interviews in 40 households; messages were tested and revised in focus group discussions with 20 households. Results We identified 50 codes related to household air pollution and stoves; these were reduced into 24 themes relevant to LPG stoves, prioritizing 12 for calendars. Messages addressed fear and reluctance to use LPG; preference of wood stoves for cooking traditional foods; sustainability and accessibility of fuel; association between health outcomes and household air pollution; and the need for inspirational and aspirational messages. Discussion We created a flip chart and calendar illustrating themes to promote exclusive LPG use in HAPIN intervention households.
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- 2021
14. Identification of New Helicobacter pylori Subpopulations in Native Americans and Mestizos From Peru
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Charles S. Rabkin, M. Constanza Camargo, Andrés Julián Gutiérrez-Escobar, Jaime Cok, Phabiola Herrera, Judith Romero-Gallo, Billie Velapatiño, Richard M. Peek, Lilia Cabrera, Helena Jahuira-Arias, Bao Tran, Catherine C. Hooper, Victor Borda, Difei Wang, Douglas E. Berg, Robert H. Gilman, Eduardo Tarazona-Santos, and Mehwish Noureen
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Microbiology (medical) ,Population ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Virulence ,Biology ,Genome ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Amerindians ,Genotype ,Peru ,CagA ,education ,indigenous ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,Original Research ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,mestizo ,Strain (biology) ,ancestry ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,hspAmerind ,Genetic structure - Abstract
Region-specific Helicobacter pylori subpopulations have been identified. It is proposed that the hspAmerind subpopulation is being displaced from the Americans by an hpEurope population following the conquest. Our study aimed to describe the genomes and methylomes of H. pylori isolates from distinct Peruvian communities: 23 strains collected from three groups of Native Americans (Asháninkas [ASHA, n = 9], Shimaas [SHIM, n = 5] from Amazonas, and Punos from the Andean highlands [PUNO, n = 9]) and 9 modern mestizos from Lima (LIM). Closed genomes and DNA modification calls were obtained using SMRT/PacBio sequencing. We performed evolutionary analyses and evaluated genomic/epigenomic differences among strain groups. We also evaluated human genome-wide data from 74 individuals from the selected Native communities (including the 23 H. pylori strains donors) to compare host and bacterial backgrounds. There were varying degrees of hspAmerind ancestry in all strains, ranging from 7% in LIM to 99% in SHIM. We identified three H. pylori subpopulations corresponding to each of the Native groups and a novel hspEuropePeru which evolved in the modern mestizos. The divergence of the indigenous H. pylori strains recapitulated the genetic structure of Native Americans. Phylogenetic profiling showed that Orthogroups in the indigenous strains seem to have evolved differentially toward epigenomic regulation and chromosome maintenance, whereas OGs in the modern mestizo (LIM) seem to have evolved toward virulence and adherence. The prevalence of cagA+/vacA s1i1m1 genotype was similar across populations (p = 0.32): 89% in ASHA, 67% in PUNO, 56% in LIM and 40% in SHIM. Both cagA and vacA sequences showed that LIM strains were genetically differentiated (p < 0.001) as compared to indigenous strains. We identified 642 R-M systems with 39% of the associated genes located in the core genome. We found 692 methylation motifs, including 254 population-specific sequences not previously described. In Peru, hspAmerind is not extinct, with traces found even in a heavily admixed mestizo population. Notably, our study identified three new hspAmerind subpopulations, one per Native group; and a new subpopulation among mestizos that we named hspEuropePeru. This subpopulation seems to have more virulence-related elements than hspAmerind. Purifying selection driven by variable host immune response may have shaped the evolution of Peruvian subpopulations, potentially impacting disease outcomes.
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- 2020
15. LPG stove and fuel intervention among pregnant women reduce fine particle air pollution exposures in three countries: Pilot results from the HAPIN trial
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Usha Ramakrishnan, Shirin Jabbarzadeh, Pattie Lenzen, Erick Mollinedo, Rachel Meyers, Penelope P. Howards, Anaite Diaz-Artiga, Ajay Pillarisetti, Kyle Steenland, Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay, Jiawen Liao, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Eduardo Canuz, Jean de Dieu Ntivuguruzwa, Fiona Majorin, Sheela S. Sinharoy, Ashlinn Quinn, Thomas Clasen, Miles A. Kirby, Eric D. McCollum, Jane Mbabazi, Ghislaine Rosa, Marilu Chiang, Bonnie N. Young, John P. McCracken, Viviane Valdes, Bernard Mutariyani, Florien Ndagijimana, Amy Lovvorn, Alejandra Bussalleu, Gloriose Bankundiye, Maggie L. Clark, Luke P. Naeher, Dana B. Barr, Suzanne M. Simkovich, Elisa Puzzolo, Steven A. Harvey, Gurusamy Thangavel, Naveen Puttaswamy, Jeremy A. Sarnat, Kendra N. Williams, Lisa M. Thompson, Wenlu Ye, Damien Swearing, Kirk R. Smith, Sankar Sambandam, Sarada S. Garg, Katherine A. Kearns, Lawrence H. Moulton, Rengaraj Ramasami, Yunyun Chen, Vigneswari Aravindalochanan, Marvin Johnson, Lisa de las Fuentes, Alexander Ramirez, Ian Hennessee, William Checkley, Ashley Toenjes, Shakir Hossen, Ricardo Piedrahita, P. Barry Ryan, Karthikeyan Rajamani, Joshua P. Rosenthal, Lisa Elon, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Ephrem Dusabimana, Jennifer L. Peel, Durairaj Natesan, Mayari Hengstermann, Lance A. Waller, Rachel Craik, Oscar de Leon, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Azhar Nizam, Aris T. Papageorghiou, Alexie Mukeshimana, Juan Gabriel Espinoza, Sudhakar Saidam, Adly Castañaza, Sarah Hamid, Phabiola Herrera, and Stella Hartinger
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Rural Population ,Fine particulate ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Psychological intervention ,Air pollution ,Intervention ,PM2.5 ,Health benefits ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,Article ,Interquartile range ,Pregnancy ,Environmental health ,Intervention (counseling) ,Air Pollution ,medicine ,Humans ,Cooking ,Child ,Air Pollutants ,Clean cooking fuel ,business.industry ,Child Health ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Confidence interval ,Personal exposure ,Household air pollution ,Petroleum ,Stove ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Women's Health ,Cookstove ,Female ,Particulate Matter ,Pregnant Women ,business - Abstract
The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial is a multi-country study on the effects of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel distribution intervention on women's and children's health. There is limited data on exposure reductions achieved by switching from solid to clean cooking fuels in rural settings across multiple countries. As formative research in 2017, we recruited pregnant women and characterized the impact of the intervention on personal exposures and kitchen levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Guatemala, India, and Rwanda. Forty pregnant women were enrolled in each site. We measured cooking area concentrations of and personal exposures to PM2.5 for 24 or 48 h using gravimetric-based PM2.5 samplers at baseline and two follow-ups over two months after delivery of an LPG cookstove and free fuel supply. Mixed models were used to estimate PM2.5 reductions. Median kitchen PM2.5 concentrations were 296 μg/m3 at baseline (interquartile range, IQR: 158–507), 24 μg/m3 at first follow-up (IQR: 18–37), and 23 μg/m3 at second follow-up (IQR: 14–37). Median personal exposures to PM2.5 were 134 μg/m3 at baseline (IQR: 71–224), 35 μg/m3 at first follow-up (IQR: 23–51), and 32 μg/m3 at second follow-up (IQR: 23–47). Overall, the LPG intervention was associated with a 92% (95% confidence interval (CI): 90–94%) reduction in kitchen PM2.5 concentrations and a 74% (95% CI: 70–79%) reduction in personal PM2.5 exposures. Results were similar for each site. Conclusions The intervention was associated with substantial reductions in kitchen and personal PM2.5 overall and in all sites. Results suggest LPG interventions in these rural settings may lower exposures to the WHO annual interim target-1 of 35 μg/m3. The range of exposure contrasts falls on steep sections of estimated exposure-response curves for birthweight, blood pressure, and acute lower respiratory infections, implying potentially important health benefits when transitioning from solid fuels to LPG., Highlights • There was high uptake of an LPG stove and fuel intervention in 3 rural settings. • The LPG intervention was associated with a 92% reduction in kitchen PM2.5 levels. • The intervention was associated with a 74% reduction in personal exposure to PM2.5 • Maternal PM2.5 exposure was reduced to the WHO annual interim target-1 of 35 μg/m3. • Results from 3 countries indicate switching to clean fuel could improve health., Capsule summary: LPG stove and fuel intervention can reduce kitchen area and personal PM2.5 exposure levels in a pilot study of clean cookstove intervention trial. This strongly suggests switching to clean cook can improve health.
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- 2020
16. Mean Airway Pressure As a Predictor of 90-Day Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
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Nicole Mongilardi, Jose Portugal, Navid Shams, Eduardo E. Chirinos, Maria A. Caravedo, William Checkley, Jorge Cerna, Augusto Dulanto, Amador A. Jaymez, Enrique Paz, Rocio Quispe, Brooks Morgan, Joshua A Denney, Rollin Roldan, Francesca Capanni, Phabiola Herrera, Carmen Paredes, Aldo De Ferrari, Maria Alejandra Pereda, Roy G. Brower, T David Wu, Sarina K. Sahetya, and Long Davalos
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mean airway pressure ,Positive-Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Plateau pressure ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interquartile range ,Internal medicine ,Peru ,Intubation, Intratracheal ,Tidal Volume ,medicine ,Pressure ,Humans ,Hospital Mortality ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Tidal volume ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Mechanical ventilation ,Respiratory Distress Syndrome ,business.industry ,Area under the curve ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Middle Aged ,respiratory system ,Respiration, Artificial ,Intensive Care Units ,030228 respiratory system ,Cohort ,Cardiology ,Female ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between mean airway pressure and 90-day mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and to compare the predictive ability of mean airway pressure compared with inspiratory plateau pressure and driving pressure. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort. SETTING: Five ICUs in Lima, Peru. SUBJECTS: Adults requiring invasive mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube for acute respiratory failure. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of potentially eligible participants (n = 1,500), 65 (4%) were missing baseline mean airway pressure, while 352 (23.5%) were missing baseline plateau pressure and driving pressure. Ultimately, 1,429 participants were included in the analysis with an average age of 59 ± 19 years, 45% female, and a mean Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio of 248 ± 147 mm Hg at baseline. Overall, 90-day mortality was 50.4%. Median baseline mean airway pressure was 13 cm H(2)O (interquartile range, 10–16 cm H(2)O) in participants who died compared to a median mean airway pressure of 12 cm H(2)O (interquartile range, 10–14 cm H(2)O) in participants who survived greater than 90 days (p < 0.001). Mean airway pressure was independently associated with 90-day mortality (odds ratio, 1.38 for difference comparing the 75th to the 25th percentile for mean airway pressure; 95% CI, 1.10–1.74) after adjusting for age, sex, baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III, baseline Pao(2)/Fio(2) (modeled with restricted cubic spline), baseline positive end-expiratory pressure, baseline tidal volume, and hospital site. In predicting 90-day mortality, baseline mean airway pressure demonstrated similar discriminative ability (adjusted area under the curve = 0.69) and calibration characteristics as baseline plateau pressure and driving pressure. CONCLUSIONS: In a multicenter prospective cohort, baseline mean airway pressure was independently associated with 90-day mortality in mechanically ventilated participants and predicts mortality similarly to plateau pressure and driving pressure. Because mean airway pressure is readily available on all mechanically ventilated patients and all ventilator modes, it is a potentially more useful predictor of mortality in acute respiratory failure.
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- 2020
17. Challenges in the diagnosis of paediatric pneumonia in intervention field trials: recommendations from a pneumonia field trial working group
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Dina Goodman, Mary E Crocker, Farhan Pervaiz, Eric D McCollum, Kyle Steenland, Suzanne M Simkovich, Catherine H Miele, Laura L Hammitt, Phabiola Herrera, Heather J Zar, Harry Campbell, Claudio F Lanata, John P McCracken, Lisa M Thompson, Ghislaine Rosa, Miles A Kirby, Sarada Garg, Gurusamy Thangavel, Vijayalakshmi Thanasekaraan, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Carina King, Thomas Clasen, William Checkley, Abidan Nambajimana, Ajay Pillarisetti, Amit Verma, Amy Lovvorn, Anaité Diaz, Aris Papageorghiou, Ashley Toenjes, Ashlinn Quinn, Azhar Nizam, Barry Ryan, Bonnie Young, Dana Barr, Eduardo Canuz, Elisa Puzzolo, Eric McCollum, Erick Mollinedo, Fiona Majorin, Florien Ndagijimana, Howard Chang, Irma Fuentes, J Jaime Miranda, JD Ntivuguruzwa, Jean Uwizeyimana, Jennifer Peel, Jeremy Sarnat, Jiawen Liao, John McCracken, Joshua Rosenthal, Juan Espinoza, JM Campbell, Kendra Williams, Kirk Smith, Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay, Lance Waller, Lawrence Moulton, Lindsay Jaacks, Lindsay Underhill, Lisa de la Fuentes, Lisa Elon, Lisa Thompson, Luke Naeher, Maggie Clark, Margaret Laws, Marilú Chiang, Marjorie Howard, Mary Crocker, Michael Johnson, Miles Kirby, Naveen Puttaswamy, Oscar De Leon, Rachel Craik, Rachel Merrick, Ricardo Piedrahita, Sankar Sambandam, Sarah Rajkumar, Savannah Gupton, Shakir Hossen, Sheela Sinharoy, Shirin Jabbarzadeh, Stella Hartinger, Steven Harvey, Suzanne Simkovich, Usha Ramakrishnan, Vanessa Burrowes, Victor Davila-Roman, Vigneswari Aravindalochanan, Yunyun Chen, Zoe Sakas, Craik, R, and Papageorghiou, AT
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychological intervention ,MEDLINE ,Article ,Danger sign ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Childhood pneumonia ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,Medicine ,Oximetry ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intervention trial ,Child ,Intensive care medicine ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Age Factors ,Pneumonia ,medicine.disease ,030228 respiratory system ,Child, Preschool ,Symptom Assessment ,business - Abstract
Summary Pneumonia is a leading killer of children younger than 5 years despite high vaccination coverage, improved nutrition, and widespread implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses algorithm. Assessing the effect of interventions on childhood pneumonia is challenging because the choice of case definition and surveillance approach can affect the identification of pneumonia substantially. In anticipation of an intervention trial aimed to reduce childhood pneumonia by lowering household air pollution, we created a working group to provide recommendations regarding study design and implementation. We suggest to, first, select a standard case definition that combines acute (≤14 days) respiratory symptoms and signs and general danger signs with ancillary tests (such as chest imaging and pulse oximetry) to improve pneumonia identification; second, to prioritise active hospital-based pneumonia surveillance over passive case finding or home-based surveillance to reduce the risk of non-differential misclassification of pneumonia and, as a result, a reduced effect size in a randomised trial; and, lastly, to consider longitudinal follow-up of children younger than 1 year, as this age group has the highest incidence of severe pneumonia.
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- 2020
18. Premature, Opportune, and Delayed Weaning in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Call for Implementation of Weaning Protocols in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
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Maria P, Diaz-Soto, Brooks W, Morgan, Long, Davalos, Phabiola, Herrera, Joshua, Denney, Rollin, Roldan, Enrique, Paz, Amador A, Jaymez, Eduardo E, Chirinos, Jose, Portugal, Rocio, Quispe, Roy G, Brower, William, Checkley, and Navid, Shams
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Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Organ Dysfunction Scores ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Spontaneous breathing trial ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical Protocols ,Peru ,Weaning ,Medicine ,Humans ,Acute respiratory failure ,Longitudinal Studies ,Developing Countries ,Aged ,Mechanical ventilation ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Hospitals, Public ,Significant difference ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Middle Aged ,Intensive Care Units ,030228 respiratory system ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Low and middle income countries ,Observational study ,Female ,business ,Respiratory Insufficiency ,Ventilator Weaning - Abstract
OBJECTIVES Weaning protocols establish readiness-to-wean criteria to determine the opportune moment to conduct a spontaneous breathing trial. Weaning protocols have not been widely adopted or evaluated in ICUs in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to compare clinical outcomes between participants whose weaning trials were retrospectively determined to have been premature, opportune, or delayed based on when they met readiness-to-wean criteria. DESIGN Prospective, multicenter observational study. SETTING Five medical ICUs in four public hospitals in Lima, Peru. SUBJECTS Adults with acute respiratory failure and at least 24 hours of invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 1,657). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We established six readiness-to-wean criteria and retrospectively categorized our sample into three weaning groups: 1) premature: if the weaning trial took place before fulfilling all criteria, 2) opportune: if the weaning trial took place within 24 hours after fulfilling the criteria, and 3) delayed: if the weaning trial took place over 24 hours after fulfilling criteria. We compared 90-day mortality, ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and hospital-free days between premature, opportune, and delayed weaning groups. In our sample, 761 participants (60.8%) were classified as having a premature weaning trial, 196 underwent opportune weaning (15.7%), and 295 experienced delayed weaning (23.6%). There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality between the groups. Both the premature and delayed weaning groups had poorer clinical outcomes with fewer ventilator-free days (-2.18, p = 0.008) and (-3.49, p < 0.001), ICU-free days (-2.25, p = 0.001) and (-3.72, p < 0.001), and hospital-free days (-2.76, p = 0.044) and (-4.53, p = 0.004), respectively, compared with the opportune weaning group. CONCLUSIONS Better clinical outcomes occur with opportune weaning compared with premature and delayed weaning. If readiness-to-wean criteria can be applied in resource-limited settings, it may improve ICU outcomes associated with opportune weaning.
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- 2020
19. Sedation practices and clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients in a prospective multicenter cohort
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Phabiola Herrera, Romina E. Aragón, Nicole Mongilardi, Enrique Paz, Eduardo E. Chirinos, Roy G. Brower, Jose Portugal, Aldo De Ferrari, Rocio Quispe, Alvaro Proaño, Rollin Roldan, Amador A. Jaymez, and William Checkley
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Male ,Conscious Sedation ,clinical outcome ,mortality rate ,Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,intensive care unit ,haloperidol ,law.invention ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interquartile range ,law ,Clinical outcomes ,middle aged ,Peru ,Odds Ratio ,Hypnotics and Sedatives ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale ,APACHE ,benzodiazepine derivative ,Aged, 80 and over ,Analgesics ,Cumulative dose ,adult ,lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,longitudinal study ,dexmedetomidine ,artificial ventilation ,Middle Aged ,cohort analysis ,ventilated patient ,Intensive care unit ,3. Good health ,anesthesia level ,Intensive Care Units ,Treatment Outcome ,female ,agitation ,priority journal ,sedation ,Sedation ,Anesthesia ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Propofol ,Antipsychotic Agents ,prospective study ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,prevalence ,Ramsay Sedation Scale ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,critically ill patient ,narcotic analgesic agent ,length of stay ,male ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Humans ,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score ,controlled study ,human ,Dexmedetomidine ,Aged ,drug use ,acute respiratory failure ,propofol ,business.industry ,Research ,public hospital ,Glasgow coma scale ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,lcsh:RC86-88.9 ,clinical assessment ,Respiration, Artificial ,major clinical study ,Logistic Models ,multicenter study ,deep sedation ,mortality risk ,observational study ,Deep Sedation ,Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ,Critical illness ,business ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.09 [https] - Abstract
Objectives We sought to study the association between sedation status, medications (benzodiazepines, opioids, and antipsychotics), and clinical outcomes in a resource-limited setting. Design A longitudinal study of critically ill participants on mechanical ventilation. Setting Five intensive care units (ICUs) in four public hospitals in Lima, Peru. Patients One thousand six hundred fifty-seven critically ill participants were assessed daily for sedation status during 28 days and vital status by day 90. Results After excluding data of participants without a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score and without sedation, we followed 1338 (81%) participants longitudinally for 18,645 ICU days. Deep sedation was present in 98% of participants at some point of the study and in 12,942 ICU days. Deep sedation was associated with higher mortality (interquartile odds ratio (OR) = 5.42, 4.23–6.95; p
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- 2019
20. Additional file 1: of Sedation practices and clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients in a prospective multicenter cohort
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Aragón, Romina, Proaño, Alvaro, Mongilardi, Nicole, Ferrari, Aldo, Phabiola Herrera, Roldan, Rollin, Paz, Enrique, Jaymez, Amador, Chirinos, Eduardo, Portugal, Jose, Rocio Quispe, Brower, Roy, and Checkley, William
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Table S1. Dose Equivalency of Benzodiazepines Relative to Midazolam and Opioids relative to Fentanyl. Table S2. Ramsay Sedation and Glasgow Coma Scales conversion to the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale. Table S3. Sedation Status corresponding to Richmond Agitation-Sedation score. Table S4. Sedation Status and Use of Sedatives, Antipsychotics and Neuromuscular Blockers. Table S5. Sedation Status and Secondary Outcomes. Figure S1. Cumulative Incidence Plots Evaluating Sedation Status and Vital Status during ICU Stay stratified by ARDS Status at Enrollment. We plot the cumulative incidence of death (broken red line), unassisted breathing (broken blue line), and sedation status (shaded areas) among those who are receiving assisting breathing, stratified by whether participants have ARDS on admission (panel A) or no ARDS (panel B). The shaded areas were proportional to the percentage of participants who were deeply (dark blue), moderately (blue) or adequately sedated (light blue), and agitated (pink). Based on the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score or its conversion Figure S2. Cumulative Incidence Plots Evaluating Sedation Status and Vital Status during ICU Stay Stratified by APACHE III Score at Enrollment. We plot the cumulative incidence of death (broken red line), unassisted breathing (broken blue line), and sedation status (shaded areas) among those who are receiving assisting breathing, stratified by APACHE III score (panel A: 0–69, panel B: 70–96, panel C: 97–179). Shaded areas and categorization of sedation same as in Figure S1. Figure S3. Cumulative Incidence Plots Evaluating Sedation Status and Vital Status during ICU Stay Stratified by Admission Type. We plot the cumulative incidence of death (broken red line), unassisted breathing (blue line), and sedation status (shaded areas) among those who are receiving assisting breathing, stratified by whether admission was medical (panel A) or surgical (panel B). Shaded areas and categorization of sedation same as in Figure S1. (PDF 1953 kb)
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- 2019
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21. Protocols and Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
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Jonathan E, Sevransky, William, Checkley, Phabiola, Herrera, Brian W, Pickering, Juliana, Barr, Samuel M, Brown, Steven Y, Chang, David, Chong, David, Kaufman, Richard D, Fremont, Timothy D, Girard, Jeffrey, Hoag, Steven B, Johnson, Mehta P, Kerlin, Janice, Liebler, James, O'Brien, Terence, O'Keefe, Pauline K, Park, Stephen M, Pastores, Namrata, Patil, Anthony P, Pietropaoli, Maryann, Putman, Todd W, Rice, Leo, Rotello, Jonathan, Siner, Sahul, Sajid, David J, Murphy, Greg S, Martin, and Joanne, Ondrush
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Critical Care ,Critical Illness ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,MEDLINE ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Article ,law.invention ,Clinical Protocols ,Interquartile range ,law ,Humans ,Medicine ,Hospital Mortality ,Prospective Studies ,Intensive care medicine ,Prospective cohort study ,Protocol (science) ,Mechanical ventilation ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Intensive care unit ,United States ,Patient Outcome Assessment ,Intensive Care Units ,Female ,Observational study ,business - Abstract
Objective: Clinical protocols may decrease unnecessary variation in care and improve compliance with desirable therapies. We evaluated whether highly protocolized ICUs have superior patient outcomes compared with less highly protocolized ICUs. Design: Observational study in which participating ICUs completed a general assessment and enrolled new patients 1 day each week. Patients: A total of 6,179 critically ill patients. Setting: Fifty-nine ICUs in the United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group Critical Illness Outcomes Study. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The primary exposure was the number of ICU protocols; the primary outcome was hospital mortality. A total of 5,809 participants were followed prospectively, and 5,454 patients in 57 ICUs had complete outcome data. The median number of protocols per ICU was 19 (interquartile range, 15–21.5). In single-variable analyses, there were no differences in ICU and hospital mortality, length of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, or continuous sedation among individuals in ICUs with a high versus low number of protocols. The lack of association was confirmed in adjusted multivariable analysis (p = 0.70). Protocol compliance with two ventilator management protocols was moderate and did not differ between ICUs with high versus low numbers of protocols for lung protective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (47% vs 52%; p = 0.28) and for spontaneous breathing trials (55% vs 51%; p = 0.27). Conclusions: Clinical protocols are highly prevalent in U.S. ICUs. The presence of a greater number of protocols was not associated with protocol compliance or patient mortality.
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- 2015
22. Gender differences in sex-related alcohol expectancies in young adults from a peri-urban area in Lima, Peru
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Juan A Gálvez-Buccollini, Phabiola Herrera, Valerie A. Paz-Soldan, Suzanne L. DeLea, and Robert H. Gilman
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Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,Multivariate analysis ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Urban Population ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Poison control ,Odds ratio ,Logistic regression ,Confidence interval ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Peru ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Marital status ,Medicine ,Female ,Young adult ,business ,Demography - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of sex-related alcohol expectancies (SRAE) on hazardous drinking prevalence and examine gender differences in reporting SRAE. METHODS: Trained research assistants administered part of a questionnaire to 393 men and 400 women between 18 and 30 years old from a peri-urban shantytown in Lima, Peru. The remaining questions were self-administered. Two measuring instruments-one testing for hazardous drinking and one for SRAE-were used. Multivariate data analysis was performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Based on odds ratios adjusted for socio-demographic variables (age, marital status, education, and employment status) (n = 793), men with one or two SRAE and men with three or more SRAE were 2.3 (95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-3.8; p = 0.001) and 3.9 (95 percent CI = 2.1-7.3; p 0.001) times more likely than men with no SRAE, respectively, to be hazardous drinkers. Reporting of SRAE was significantly higher in men versus women. CONCLUSION: In a shantytown in Lima, SRAE is associated with hazardous drinking among men, but not among women, and reporting of SRAE differs by gender.(AU)
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- 2009
23. DNA-Level Diversity and Relatedness of Helicobacter pylori Strains in Shantytown Families in Peru and Transmission in a Developing-Country Setting
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Phabiola Herrera, Carlos J. Rodriguez, Mirko Zimic, Jonathan M. Sherman, Billie Velapatiño, S. Alison Finger, Jacqueline Balqui, Robert H. Gilman, Jose Watanabe, Livia Santivañez, Douglas E. Berg, Melissa Mendez, and Lilia Cabrera
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Adult ,DNA, Bacterial ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Developing country ,Biology ,DNA sequencing ,Helicobacter Infections ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Peru ,Humans ,Child ,Developing Countries ,Pathogen ,Gene ,media_common ,Family Health ,Genetics ,Molecular Epidemiology ,Helicobacter pylori ,Infant ,Bacteriology ,General Medicine ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA Fingerprinting ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ,Clinical microbiology ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,chemistry ,DNA profiling ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Erratum ,DNA ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
The efficiency of transmission of a pathogen within families compared with that between unrelated persons can affect both the strategies needed to control or eradicate infection and how the pathogen evolves. In industrialized countries, most cases of transmission of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori seems to be from mother to child. An alternative model, potentially applicable among the very poor in developing countries, where infection is more common and the sanitary infrastructure is often deficient, invokes frequent transmission among unrelated persons, often via environmental sources. In the present study, we compared the genotypes of H. pylori from members of shantytown households in Peru to better understand the transmission of H. pylori in developing-country settings. H. pylori cultures and/or DNAs were obtained with informed consent by the string test (a minimally invasive alternative to endoscopy) from at least one child and one parent from each of 62 families. The random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprints of 57 of 81 (70%) child-mother strain pairs did not match, nor did the diagnostic gene sequences (>1% DNA sequence difference), independent of the child's age (range, 1 to 39 years). Most strains from siblings or other paired family members were also unrelated. These results suggest that H. pylori infections are often community acquired in the society studied. Transmission between unrelated persons should facilitate the formation of novel recombinant genotypes by interstrain DNA transfer and selection for genotypes that are well suited for individual hosts. It also implies that the effective prevention of H. pylori infection and associated gastroduodenal disease will require anti- H. pylori measures to be applied communitywide.
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- 2008
24. Variation in the prevalence of gastric cancer in Perú
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Robert H. Gilman, Phabiola Herrera, Martín Tagle Arróspide, Alberto Ramírez-Ramos, Yolanda Scavino, Carlos Enrique Guillén-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Ferrufino, Alejandro Bussalleu, Daniel Mendoza, Julio Lanfranco, Angel Rosas-Aguirre, Jorge Huerta-Mercado Tenorio, Martín Tapia, Alejandro Piscoya, and José Watanabe-Yamamoto
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Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Confounding ,Cancer ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Oncology ,Epidemiology ,Medicine ,business ,Stomach cancer ,Developed country ,Socioeconomic status ,Demography - Abstract
Most cases of gastric cancers occur in non-industrialized countries but there is scarce information about the epidemiology of this illness in these countries. Our study examined whether there was a variation in the prevalence of gastric cancer in Lima, Peru over the last 2 decades. Subjects older than 29 years of age were included. They underwent an esophagogastroduedonoscopy at 3 socioeconomically different health facilities in Lima: a county hospital (7,168 subjects), a Peruvian-Japanese Clinic (14,794 individuals) and a private hospital (4,893 individuals). Birth cohort prevalence of gastric cancer was used. Regression models were calculated to predict the future prevalence of gastric cancer. It was found that the birth cohort prevalence of gastric cancer decreased in Peru from 22.7 to 2% (p < 0.001), from 12 to 0.5% (p < 0.001), and from 6.5 to 0.1% (p < 0.001) in the low, middle and high socioeconomic group, respectively. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia decreased from 44.3 to 12.5% (p < 0.001), from 28.4 to 5% (p < 0.001), and from 19.4 to 2.2% (p < 0.001) in the low, middle and high socioeconomic status, respectively. These trends will likely persist over the future decades. Nevertheless, the prevalence of gastric cancer remains high in subjects older than 59 years of age in the low socioeconomic status. It is concluded that the prevalence of gastric cancer is decreasing in Peru, similar to the current trend undergoing in industrialized nations. However, there are still specific groups with high prevalence that might benefit from screening for early detection and treatment.
- Published
- 2008
25. Links Between Sex-Related Expectations About Alcohol, Heavy Episodic Drinking and Sexual Risk Among Young Men in a Shantytown in Lima, Peru
- Author
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Valerie A. Paz-Soldan, James C. Anthony, Phabiola Herrera, Suzanne L. DeLea, Juan A Gálvez-Buccollini, and Robert H. Gilman
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Casual ,Cross-sectional study ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,Developing country ,Odds ratio ,Logistic regression ,law.invention ,Developmental psychology ,Condom ,Family planning ,law ,education ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Alcohol use is frequently identified as a contributor to risky sexual behaviors; however research results are mixed. Given the conflicting evidence researchers have focused on other factors such as expectations about alcohols effects that might help explain the relationship of alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors. Cross-sectional data from 312 sexually experienced males aged 18-30 in a shantytown in Lima Peru were used in logistic regression models to identify associations of heavy episodic drinking and sex-related expectations about alcohol with sexual risk behaviors. Heavy episodic drinking was associated with having had two or more sexual partners and having had sex with a casual partner in the past year (odds ratio 2.8 and 2.5 respectively). After controlling for alcohol consumption sex-related expectations about alcohol were associated with these high-risk sexual behaviors as well as with not using a condom at last sex (1.2) and not using a condom at last sex with a casual partner(1.3). Beliefs about the effect of alcohol on sexual performance could help explain links between alcohol consumption and risky sexual behavior not completely accounted for by the pharmacological effects of alcohol. (authors)
- Published
- 2008
26. Population, Epidemiological, and Functional Genetics of Gastric Cancer Candidate Genes in Peruvians with Predominant Amerindian Ancestry
- Author
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Aristóbolo M. Silva, Douglas E. Berg, Lilia Cabrera, Maíra R. Rodrigues, Fernanda S G Kehdy, Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares, Juan M. Combe, Hanaisa P. Sant Anna, Carolina D. Rocha, Eduardo Tarazona-Santos, Phabiola Herrera, Martha H. Jahuira, Thaís Muniz-Queiroz, Camila Zolini, Felipe B. Leão, William Prado, Fernanda Lyon, Latife Pereira, Meddly L. Santolalla, Roxana Zamudio, and Robert H. Gilman
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Candidate gene ,Physiology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene Frequency ,Risk Factors ,Peru ,Stomach Neoplasms/ethnology/genetics/metabolism ,European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.08 [https] ,Forkhead Box Protein O3 ,Gastroenterology ,Forkhead Transcription Factors ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Phenotype ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ,Interleukin-8/genetics ,Population ,Black People ,Adenocarcinoma ,Transfection ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,White People ,Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Amerindians ,Asian People ,Stomach Neoplasms ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,SNP ,Humans ,Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,education ,Allele frequency ,Genetic Association Studies ,Association studies ,Genetic association ,Ancestry ,Binding Sites ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.19 [https] ,Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ,Indians, South American ,Haplotype ,Interleukin-8 ,African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ,Cancer ,Computational Biology ,Proinflammatory genes ,Helicobacter pylori ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,HEK293 Cells ,Haplotypes ,Cyclooxygenase 2 ,Adenocarcinoma/ethnology/genetics/metabolism ,Meta-analyses ,Case-Control Studies ,Indians, South American/genetics ,Gastric cancer ,Peru/epidemiology - Abstract
Background. Gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori and with the host inflammatory response triggered by it, with substantial inter-person variation in the immune response profile due to host genetic factors. Aim. To investigate the diversity of the proinflammatory genes IL8, its receptors and PTGS2 in Amerindians; to test whether candidate SNPs in these genes are associated with gastric cancer in an admixed population with high Amerindian ancestry from Lima, Peru; and to assess whether an IL8RB promoter-derived haplotype affects gene expression. Methods. We performed a Sanger-resequencing population survey, a candidate-gene association study (220 cases, 288 controls) and meta-analyses. We also performed an in vitro validation by a reporter gene assay of IL8RB promoter. Results. The diversity of the promoter of studied genes in Native Americans is similar to Europeans. Although an association between candidate SNPs and gastric cancer was not found in Peruvians, trend in our data is consistent with meta-analyses results that suggest PTGS2-rs689466-A is associated with H. pylori-associated gastric cancer in East Asia. IL8RB promoter-derived haplotype (rs3890158-A/rs4674258-T), common in Peruvians, was up-regulated by TNF-α unlike the ancestral haplotype (rs3890158-G/rs4674258-C). Bioinformatics analysis suggests that this effect stemmed from creation of a binding site for the FOXO3 transcription factor by rs3890158G>A. Conclusions. Our updated meta-analysis reinforces the role of PTGS2-rs689466-A in gastric cancer in Asians, although more studies that control for ancestry are necessary to clarify its role in Latin Americans. Finally, we suggest that IL8RB-rs3890158G>A is a cis-regulatory SNP.
- Published
- 2015
27. Chronic exposure to biomass fuel smoke and markers of endothelial inflammation
- Author
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Maria A. Caravedo, Robert A. Wise, Robert H. Gilman, Nicole Mongilardi, Phabiola Herrera, J. Jaime Miranda, Catherine H. Miele, William Checkley, Victor G. Davila-Roman, and A. de Ferrari
- Subjects
Male ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.05 [https] ,Epidemiology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endothelial inflammation biomarkers ,Risk Factors ,Smoke ,Peru ,Medicine ,Biomass ,von Willebrand Factor/analysis ,biology ,Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood ,Inflammation/blood/etiology ,Middle Aged ,Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Cardiovascular disease ,Rural communities ,Amyloid A Protein ,C-Reactive Protein ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Endothelial inflammation ,Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,E-Selectin ,Serum Amyloid A Protein/analysis ,Chronic exposure ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biofuels/toxicity ,E-Selectin/blood ,Environmental Engineering ,Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.01.03 [https] ,Inflammation ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,C-Reactive Protein/analysis ,Von Willebrand factor ,Smoke/adverse effects ,Internal medicine ,von Willebrand Factor ,Humans ,Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Serum Amyloid A Protein ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Case-control study ,Environmental Exposure ,Building and Construction ,Household air pollution ,Endocrinology ,Biofuels ,Case-Control Studies ,Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Biomass fuel exposure ,business ,Biomarkers ,Oxidative stress ,Biomarkers/blood ,Environmental Exposure/adverse effects - Abstract
Indoor smoke exposure may affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via lung-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial inflammation. We sought to explore the association between indoor smoke exposure from burning biomass fuels and a selected group of markers for endothelial inflammation. We compared serum concentrations of amyloid A protein, E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and VCAM-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in 228 biomass-exposed vs. 228 non-exposed participants living in Puno, Peru. Average age was 56 years (s.d. = 13), average BMI was 26.5 kg/m(2) (s.d. = 4.4), 48% were male, 59.4% completed high school, and 2% reported a physician diagnosis of CVD. In unadjusted analysis, serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 (330 vs. 302 ng/ml; P < 0.001), soluble VCAM-1 (403 vs. 362 ng/ml; P < 0.001), and E-selectin (54.2 vs. 52.7 ng/ml; P = 0.05) were increased in biomass-exposed vs. non-exposed participants, respectively, whereas serum levels of vWF (1148 vs. 1311 mU/ml; P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (2.56 vs. 3.12 mg/l; P < 0.001) were decreased, respectively. In adjusted analyses, chronic exposure to biomass fuels remained positively associated with serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 (P = 0.03) and VCAM-1 (P = 0.05) and E-selectin (P = 0.05), and remained negatively associated with serum levels of vWF (P = 0.02) and hs-CRP (P < 0.001). Daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke was associated with important differences in specific biomarkers of endothelial inflammation and may help explain accelerated atherosclerosis among those who are chronically exposed.
- Published
- 2015
28. Validation of String Test for Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infections
- Author
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José Luis Pinto Valdivia, Jaime Cok, Alejandro Bussalleu, Robert H. Gilman, S. Alison Finger, Willi Quino, Alejandro Piscoya, Billie Velapatiño, Jacqueline Balqui, Livia Santivañez, Douglas E. Berg, and Phabiola Herrera
- Subjects
Adult ,DNA, Bacterial ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Helicobacter pylori infection ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Spirillaceae ,H&E stain ,Biology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Helicobacter Infections ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Humans ,Bacteriological Techniques ,Base Sequence ,Helicobacter pylori ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,String test ,Endoscopy ,Bacteriology ,Histology ,Middle Aged ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,Urease ,RAPD ,Genes, Bacterial ,Female - Abstract
The method of recovering Helicobacter pylori DNA or viable cells absorbed on a string that a person has swallowed and that is retrieved an hour later (string test) should be a useful alternative to traditional analysis of cells or DNA obtained by endoscopy, which is invasive, uncomfortable, relatively costly, and ill-suited for community-based and pediatric studies. Here we assayed the sensitivity and validity of the string test versus conventional endoscopic biopsy for detecting and analyzing H. pylori infection. Forty-four people with gastric complaints were studied using both H. pylori culture and urease gene ( ureB ) PCR. H. pylori organisms cultured from strings and biopsy specimens from the same patients were fingerprinted by the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Biopsy sections were also hematoxylin and eosin and silver stained for H. pylori detection. H. pylori was cultured from 80% of strings and detected by PCR from 91% of strings from participants whose biopsies had been H. pylori positive by culture, PCR, and/or histology. Strains recovered from strings and biopsy specimens yielded identical or closely related RAPD profiles in each of the 24 cases tested. We conclude that the string test is a useful method for H. pylori recovery and analysis when relatively noninvasive procedures are needed.
- Published
- 2006
29. Socioeconomic and nutritional factors account for the association of gastric cancer with amerindian ancestry in a latin american admixed population
- Author
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William Prado, Robert H. Gilman, Lilia Cabrera, Latife Pereira, Maíra R. Rodrigues, Roxana Zamudio, Giordano B. Soares-Souza, Eduardo Tarazona-Santos, Jaime Cok, Gloria Vargas, Catherine C. Hooper, Douglas E. Berg, Fernanda S G Kehdy, Stephen J. Chanock, Juan M. Combe, Silvana Schneider, and Phabiola Herrera
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Male ,Latin Americans ,Non-Clinical Medicine ,Epidemiology ,Ethnic group ,lcsh:Medicine ,cancer risk ,ethnic group ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology of cancer ,Gastrointestinal Cancers ,Peru ,genetic variability ,lcsh:Science ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,stomach cancer ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Middle Aged ,Ethnic Differences ,3. Good health ,nutrition ,urban population ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Genetic Epidemiology ,American Indian ,Medicine ,Female ,Research Article ,Adult ,Genetic Markers ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Case control study ,Nutritional Status ,Ancestry-informative marker ,Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,Biology ,animal tissue ,03 medical and health sciences ,socioeconomics ,Stomach Neoplasms ,medicine ,Genetics ,genomics ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,education ,Socioeconomic status ,Genetic Association Studies ,Alleles ,030304 developmental biology ,Health Care Policy ,Population Biology ,Indians, South American ,lcsh:R ,African ,Human Genetics ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Genetic Polymorphism ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.00 [https] ,lcsh:Q ,non disease association ,Population Genetics ,Demography ,genetic susceptibility - Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer and its incidence varies worldwide, with the Andean region of South America showing high incidence rates. We evaluated the genetic structure of the population from Lima (Peru) and performed a case-control genetic association study to test the contribution of African, European, or Native American ancestry to risk for gastric cancer, controlling for the effect of non-genetic factors. A wide set of socioeconomic, dietary, and clinic information was collected for each participant in the study and ancestry was estimated based on 103 ancestry informative markers. Although the urban population from Lima is usually considered as mestizo (i.e., admixed from Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans), we observed a high fraction of Native American ancestry (78.4% for the cases and 74.6% for the controls) and a very low African ancestry (
- Published
- 2012
30. Development of two multiplex mini-sequencing panels of ancestry informative SNPs for studies in Latin Americans: an application to populations of the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil)
- Author
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Eduardo Tarazona-Santos, Robert H. Gilman, Maria C. Silva, Giordano B. Soares-Souza, Luciana W. Zuccherato, Lilia Cabrera, H. Jahuira, Phabiola Herrera, C. Romero, Zilma M. Vieira, Jacqueline Balqui, and Marina L. Martins
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Latin Americans ,Demographic history ,Population ,Electrophoresis, Capillary ,Context (language use) ,General Medicine ,Ancestry-informative marker ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Geography ,Latin America ,Genetic epidemiology ,Genetic structure ,Genetics ,Humans ,education ,Molecular Biology ,Brazil ,Personal genomics ,Demography - Abstract
Admixture occurs when individuals from parental populations that have been isolated for hundreds of generations form a new hybrid population. Currently, interest in measuring biogeographic ancestry has spread from anthropology to forensic sciences, direct-to-consumers personal genomics, and civil rights issues of minorities, and it is critical for genetic epidemiology studies of admixed populations. Markers with highly differentiated frequencies among human populations are informative of ancestry and are called ancestry informative markers (AIMs). For tri-hybrid Latin American populations, ancestry information is required for Africans, Europeans and Native Americans. We developed two multiplex panels of AIMs (for 14 SNPs) to be genotyped by two mini-sequencing reactions, suitable for investigators of medium-small laboratories to estimate admixture of Latin American populations. We tested the performance of these AIMs by comparing results obtained with our 14 AIMs with those obtained using 108 AIMs genotyped in the same individuals, for which DNA samples is available for other investigators. We emphasize that this type of comparison should be made when new admixture/population structure panels are developed. At the population level, our 14 AIMs were useful to estimate European admixture, though they overestimated African admixture and underestimated Native American admixture. Combined with more AIMs, our panel could be used to infer individual admixture. We used our panel to infer the pattern of admixture in two urban populations (Montes Claros and Manhuacu) of the State of Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil), obtaining a snapshot of their genetic structure in the context of their demographic history.
- Published
- 2010
31. Autosome STRs in native South America-Testing models of association with geography and language
- Author
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Luiza Morés, Phabiola Herrera, Mara H. Hutz, Eduardo Tarazona-Santos, Sidia M. Callegari-Jacques, Robert H. Gilman, Francisco M. Salzano, Sidney Santos, and Lilia Cabrera
- Subjects
Male ,American history ,Genetic Structure ,Human Evolution ,Evolution, Molecular ,Gene Frequency ,Autosome ,Analysis Of Variance ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,Short Tandem Repeat ,Indigenous People ,Population Structure ,Language ,Analysis of Variance ,Heterozygosity ,Geography ,Models, Genetic ,Amazon rainforest ,Molecular Phylogeny ,Indians, South American ,Genetics Population ,Models Genetic ,South America ,Geographic Distribution ,Phys anthropol ,Geographic distribution ,Genetics, Population ,Human evolution ,Evolutionary biology ,Anthropology ,Genetic structure ,Evolution Molecular ,Genetic Polymorphism ,Microsatellite ,Anatomy ,Genetic Association ,Demography ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.07 [https] ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
Information on one Ecuadorian and three Peruvian Amerindian populations for 11 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci is presented and incorporated in analyses that includes 26 other Native groups spread all over South America. Although in comparison with other studies we used a reduced number of markers, the number of populations included in our analyses is currently unmatched by any genome-wide dataset. The genetic polymorphisms indicate a clear division of the populations into three broad geographical areas: Andes, Amazonia, and the Southeast, which includes the Chaco and southern Brazil. The data also show good agreement with proposed hypotheses of splitting and dispersion of major language groups over the last 3,000 years. Therefore, relevant aspects ofNative American history can be traced using as few as 11 STR autosomal markers coupled with a broad geographic distribution of sampled populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2010
32. Helicobacter pylori from Peruvian amerindians : traces of human migrations in strains from remote Amazon, and genome sequence of an Amerind strain
- Author
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Sravya Tamma, Dangeruta Kersulyte, Billie Velapatiño, Douglas E. Berg, Robert H. Gilman, Phabiola Herrera, Jaime Cok, Freddy Paredes Puente de la Vega, Giedrius Dailide, Lilia Cabrera, Catherine C. Hooper, Awdhesh Kalia, Jacqueline Balqui, Melissa Mendez, and Carlos Ulloa
- Subjects
Evolutionary Genetics ,Bacterial Diseases ,Heredity ,Time Factors ,Population Dynamics ,lcsh:Medicine ,Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy) ,law.invention ,law ,Peru ,Natural Selection ,Gram Negative ,Genome Sequencing ,lcsh:Science ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Phylogeny ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Strain (biology) ,Gene Pool ,Genomics ,Emigration and Immigration ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Europe ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Medicine ,Research Article ,Gene Flow ,DNA, Bacterial ,Genome evolution ,Asia ,Sequence analysis ,Genotypes ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Helicobacter Infections ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bacterial Proteins ,Species Specificity ,Genetic variation ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Microbial Pathogens ,Medicinsk bioteknologi (med inriktning mot cellbiologi (inklusive stamcellsbiologi), molekylärbiologi, mikrobiologi, biokemi eller biofarmaci) ,030304 developmental biology ,Whole genome sequencing ,Genetic diversity ,Evolutionary Biology ,Bacterial Evolution ,Population Biology ,Helicobacter pylori ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,030306 microbiology ,Indians, South American ,lcsh:R ,Genetic Drift ,Genetic Variation ,Genomic Evolution ,Bacteriology ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbial Evolution ,lcsh:Q ,Americas ,human activities ,Population Genetics ,Genome, Bacterial - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is extraordinary in its genetic diversity, the differences between strains from well-separated human populations, and the range of diseases that infection promotes. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Housekeeping gene sequences from H. pylori from residents of an Amerindian village in the Peruvian Amazon, Shimaa, were related to, but not intermingled with, those from Asia. This suggests descent of Shimaa strains from H. pylori that had infected the people who migrated from Asia into The Americas some 15,000+ years ago. In contrast, European type sequences predominated in strains from Amerindian Lima shantytown residents, but with some 12% Amerindian or East Asian-like admixture, which indicates displacement of ancestral purely Amerindian strains by those of hybrid or European ancestry. The genome of one Shimaa village strain, Shi470, was sequenced completely. Its SNP pattern was more Asian- than European-like genome-wide, indicating a purely Amerind ancestry. Among its unusual features were two cagA virulence genes, each distinct from those known from elsewhere; and a novel allele of gene hp0519, whose encoded protein is postulated to interact with host tissue. More generally, however, the Shi470 genome is similar in gene content and organization to those of strains from industrialized countries. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that Shimaa village H. pylori descend from Asian strains brought to The Americas many millennia ago; and that Amerind strains are less fit than, and were substantially displaced by, hybrid or European strains in less isolated communities. Genome comparisons of H. pylori from Amerindian and other communities should help elucidate evolutionary forces that have shaped pathogen populations in The Americas and worldwide.
- Published
- 2010
33. Interleukin-1 Beta Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism’s C Allele is Associated with Elevated Risk of Gastric Cancer in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Peruvians
- Author
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Robert H. Gilman, Phabiola Herrera, Billie Velapatiño, Gloria Vargas, Douglas J. Passaro, Livia Santivañez, Frank Meyer, Douglas E. Berg, Jaime Cok, Sebastian Gehmert, Jaqueline Balqui, Juan M. Combe, and Sijin Wen
- Subjects
Male ,Atrophic gastritis ,Population ,Interleukin-1beta ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,Helicobacter Infections ,Stomach Neoplasms ,Virology ,Peru ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Risk factor ,education ,Stomach cancer ,Alleles ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,Helicobacter pylori ,Cancer ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Logistic Models ,Immunology ,Parasitology ,Female ,Gastritis ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Particular alleles of the interleukin-1B (IL-1B) gene have been correlated with increased risk of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in the populations of East Asia and Europe. No such data exist from Peru, a developing country with a population genotypically different from others studied and with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. We conducted a case-control study comparing 334 hospitalized patients with atrophic gastritis or gastric cancer with 158 nonatrophic gastritis patients (controls). Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased risk of atrophic gastritis (odds ratio, 5.60) and gastric cancer (odds ratio, 2.36) was associated with the IL-1B-511 C allele. Our study is the first to establish this allele as a risk for these conditions. Given the high prevalence of H. pylori and recurrence rate after treatment, IL-1B-511 single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis may identify those individuals who would benefit most from robust H. pylori eradication efforts in Peru.
- Published
- 2009
34. Sexual behavior and drug consumption among young adults in a shantytown in Lima, Peru
- Author
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Suzanne L. DeLea, Juan A Gálvez-Buccollini, Robert H. Gilman, Phabiola Herrera, and Valerie A. Paz-Soldan
- Subjects
Male ,Urban Population ,Cross-sectional study ,HIV Infections ,law.invention ,0302 clinical medicine ,5. Gender equality ,law ,Peru ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,education.field_of_study ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Incidence ,Age Factors ,3. Good health ,Substance abuse ,Sexual Partners ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Sexual Behavior ,Population ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Context (language use) ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Risk-Taking ,Sex Factors ,Condom ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Psychiatry ,Developing Countries ,Probability ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,Sexual intercourse ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background Risky sexual behaviors of young adults have received increasing attention during the last decades. However, few studies have focused on the sexual behavior of young adults in shantytowns of Latin America. Specifically, studies on the association between sexual behaviors and other risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS transmission, such as the consumption of illicit drugs or alcohol are scarce in this specific context. Methods The study participants were 393 men and 400 women between 18 and 30 years of age, from a shantytown in Lima, Peru. Data were obtained via survey: one section applied by a trained research assistant, and a self-reporting section. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between use of any illicit drug, high-risk sexual behaviors and reported STI symptoms, adjusting for alcohol consumption level and various socio-demographic characteristics. Results Among men, age of sexual debut was lower, number of lifetime sexual partners was higher, and there were higher risk types of sexual partners, compared to women. Though consistent condom use with casual partners was low in both groups, reported condom use at last intercourse was higher among men than women. Also, a lifetime history of illicit drug consumption decreased the probability of condom use at last sexual intercourse by half. Among men, the use of illicit drugs doubled the probability of intercourse with a casual partner during the last year and tripled the probability of reported STI symptoms. Conclusion Drug consumption is associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and reported STI symptoms in a Lima shantytown after controlling for alcohol consumption level. Development of prevention programs for risky sexual behaviors, considering gender differences, is discussed.
- Published
- 2009
35. Variation in the prevalence of gastric cancer in Perú
- Author
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Daniel, Mendoza, Phabiola, Herrera, Robert H, Gilman, Julio, Lanfranco, Martín, Tapia, Alejandro, Bussalleu, Jorge Huerta-Mercado, Tenorio, Carlos Enrique, Guillén-Rodríguez, Martín Tagle, Arróspide, Alejandro, Piscoya, Angel, Rosas-Aguirre, José, Watanabe-Yamamoto, Juan Carlos, Ferrufino, Yolanda, Scavino, and Alberto, Ramírez-Ramos
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Metaplasia ,Incidence ,Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ,Middle Aged ,Intestines ,Age Distribution ,Social Class ,Research Design ,Risk Factors ,Stomach Neoplasms ,Peru ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Sex Distribution ,Poverty ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Most cases of gastric cancers occur in non-industrialized countries but there is scarce information about the epidemiology of this illness in these countries. Our study examined whether there was a variation in the prevalence of gastric cancer in Lima, Perú over the last 2 decades. Subjects older than 29 years of age were included. They underwent an esophagogastroduedonoscopy at 3 socioeconomically different health facilities in Lima: a county hospital (7,168 subjects), a Peruvian-Japanese Clinic (14,794 individuals) and a private hospital (4,893 individuals). Birth cohort prevalence of gastric cancer was used. Regression models were calculated to predict the future prevalence of gastric cancer. It was found that the birth cohort prevalence of gastric cancer decreased in Perú from 22.7 to 2% (p0.001), from 12 to 0.5% (p0.001), and from 6.5 to 0.1% (p0.001) in the low, middle and high socioeconomic group, respectively. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia decreased from 44.3 to 12.5% (p0.001), from 28.4 to 5% (p0.001), and from 19.4 to 2.2% (p0.001) in the low, middle and high socioeconomic status, respectively. These trends will likely persist over the future decades. Nevertheless, the prevalence of gastric cancer remains high in subjects older than 59 years of age in the low socioeconomic status. It is concluded that the prevalence of gastric cancer is decreasing in Perú, similar to the current trend undergoing in industrialized nations. However, there are still specific groups with high prevalence that might benefit from screening for early detection and treatment.
- Published
- 2008
36. Links between sex-related expectations about alcohol, heavy episodic drinking and sexual risk among young men in a shantytown in Lima, Peru
- Author
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Juan Antonio, Gálvez-Buccollini, Valerie, Paz-Soldan, Phabiola, Herrera, Suzanne, DeLea, Robert H, Gilman, and James C, Anthony
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Risk-Taking ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Poverty Areas ,Sexual Behavior ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Peru ,Humans - Abstract
Alcohol use is frequently identified as a contributor to risky sexual behaviors; however, research results are mixed. Given the conflicting evidence, researchers have focused on other factors, such as expectations about alcohol's effects that might help explain the relationship of alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors.Cross-sectional data from 312 sexually experienced males aged 18-30 in a shantytown in Lima, Peru, were used in logistic regression models to identify associations of heavy episodic drinking and sex-related expectations about alcohol with sexual risk behaviors.Heavy episodic drinking was associated with having had two or more sexual partners and having had sex with a casual partner in the past year (odds ratios, 2.8 and 2.5, respectively). After controlling for alcohol consumption, sex-related expectations about alcohol were associated with these high-risk sexual behaviors, as well as with not using a condom at last sex (1.2) and not using a condom at last sex with a casual partner (1.3).Beliefs about the effect of alcohol on sexual performance could help explain links between alcohol consumption and risky sexual behavior not completely accounted for by the pharmacological effects of alcohol.
- Published
- 2008
37. Establishment of a prospective cohort of mechanically ventilated patients in five intensive care units in Lima, Peru: protocol and organisational characteristics of participating centres
- Author
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Joshua A Denney, Rollin Roldan, Eduardo E. Chirinos, Rocio Quispe, Amador A. Jaymez, Francesca Capanni, Phabiola Herrera, Enrique Paz, Augusto Dulanto, Jose Portugal, William Checkley, and Roy G. Brower
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,Critical Illness ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intensive care ,Peru ,Epidemiology ,Protocol ,medicine ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Prospective cohort study ,Developing Countries ,Mechanical ventilation ,business.industry ,Intensive Care ,Ancillary Study ,General Medicine ,Length of Stay ,Respiration, Artificial ,3. Good health ,Intensive Care Units ,Female ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Introduction Mechanical ventilation is a cornerstone in the management of critically ill patients worldwide; however, less is known about the clinical management of mechanically ventilated patients in low and middle income countries where limitation of resources including equipment, staff and access to medical information may play an important role in defining patient-centred outcomes. We present the design of a prospective, longitudinal study of mechanically ventilated patients in Peru that aims to describe a large cohort of mechanically ventilated patients and identify practices that, if modified, could result in improved patient-centred outcomes and lower costs. Methods and analysis Five Peruvian intensive care units (ICUs) and the Medical ICU at the Johns Hopkins Hospital were selected for this study. Eligible patients were those who underwent at least 24 h of invasive mechanical ventilation within the first 48 h of admission into the ICU. Information on ventilator settings, clinical management and treatment were collected daily for up to 28 days or until the patient was discharged from the unit. Vital status was assessed at 90 days post enrolment. A subset of participants who survived until hospital discharge were asked to participate in an ancillary study to assess vital status, and physical and mental health at 6, 12, 24 and 60 months after hospitalisation, Primary outcomes include 90-day mortality, time on mechanical ventilation, hospital and ICU lengths of stay, and prevalence of acute respiratory distress syndrome. In subsequent analyses, we aim to identify interventions and standardised care strategies that can be tailored to resource-limited settings and that result in improved patient-centred outcomes and lower costs. Ethics and dissemination We obtained ethics approval from each of the four participating hospitals in Lima, Peru, and at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. Results will be disseminated as several separate publications in different international journals.
- Published
- 2015
38. Effectiveness of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting for Helicobacter pylori strain differentiation
- Author
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Robert H. Gilman, Billie Velapatiño, Margaret Kosek, Jacqueline Balqui, Livia Santivañez, Douglas E. Berg, Phabiola Herrera, S. Alison Finger, Daiva Dailidiene, and Willi Quino
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DNA, Bacterial ,Consensus PCR ,education ,Biology ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,Helicobacter Infections ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Intergenic region ,law ,parasitic diseases ,Methods ,Humans ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,Genetics ,Ecology ,Helicobacter pylori ,biology.organism_classification ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,DNA Fingerprinting ,RAPD ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ,chemistry ,DNA profiling ,DNA, Intergenic ,Primer (molecular biology) ,DNA ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
We compared the robustness and discriminatory power of the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting methods for detecting cases of mixed Helicobacter pylori infection in Peruvian shantytown residents. H. pylori isolates from 63 participants were cultured, and five single colonies and a pool of additional colonies from each participant were analyzed by ERIC-PCR and by RAPD tests with four 10-nucleotide primers (one primer per reaction). There was 94% agreement between the ERIC and RAPD profiles in classifying sets of isolates as uniform versus closely related but not identical versus probably unrelated, indicating a high kappa statistic of 0.8942. Subtle differences in related ERIC or RAPD patterns likely reflect gene transfer between strains, recombination, and/or mutation, whereas markedly different patterns reflect infection by unrelated strains. At least half of infected shantytown residents seemed to carry more than one H. pylori strain, although in 19 of 31 persons, the strains were closely related. Three RAPD tests, each with a different primer, were needed to achieve the sensitivity of one ERIC test. ERIC-PCR constitutes a resource- and time-efficient method for H. pylori strain differentiation.
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- 2006
39. MOESM1 of Risk factors for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in mechanically ventilated adults in Peru: a multicenter observational study
- Author
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Gupta, Ena, Hossen, Shakir, Grigsby, Matthew, Phabiola Herrera, Roldan, Rollin, Paz, Enrique, Jaymez, Amador, Chirinos, Eduardo, Portugal, Jose, Rocio Quispe, Brower, Roy, and Checkley, William
- Subjects
3. Good health - Abstract
Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline Characteristics, ventilatory parameters and outcomes in participants with early ARDS (
40. MOESM1 of Risk factors for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in mechanically ventilated adults in Peru: a multicenter observational study
- Author
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Gupta, Ena, Hossen, Shakir, Grigsby, Matthew, Phabiola Herrera, Roldan, Rollin, Paz, Enrique, Jaymez, Amador, Chirinos, Eduardo, Portugal, Jose, Rocio Quispe, Brower, Roy, and Checkley, William
- Subjects
3. Good health - Abstract
Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline Characteristics, ventilatory parameters and outcomes in participants with early ARDS (
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