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Detailed morphological studies and molecular analyses based on plastid-encoded rbcL gene sequences were undertaken on Peyssonnelia species, a poorly known genus from Korea. We report new records for the Korean coast, Peyssonnelia harveyana and P. rumoiana. Peyssonnelia harveyana is chiefly characterized by P. rubra-type anatomy, closely packed perithallial filaments in firm matrix, hypothallial filaments arranged in parallel rows, thalli with appressed margins, hypobasal calcification, and unicellular rhizoids. Peyssonnelia rumoiana is principally characterized by two vegetative features, hypothallial filaments arranged in a polyflabellate layer, and perithallial filaments arising from the whole upper surface of each hypothallial cell (Peyssonnelia rubra-type anatomy). Our rbcL analyses revealed that P. harveynana and P. rumoiana were placed within a clade of Peyssonnelia. We also propose the new combination, Sonderophycus cauliferus comb. nov., for previous Peyssonnelia caulifera. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that our S. cauliferus was placed within a clade of Sonderophycus.

In recent years (2007–2009), the distribution and associated flora of maerl beds in southern Portugal (Algarve) were investigated by dredging and SCUBA diving (12–30 m depth). The present work provides the first data on the non-coralline crustose flora associated with maerl beds in Portugal. Peyssonnelia bornetii is a new record for Atlantic European coasts, and new records for Portugal are “Rhododiscus pulcherrimus” (sporophyte phase of Atractophora hypnoides), Contarinia peyssonneliaeformis, “Cruoria rosea” (sporophyte phase of Halarachnion ligulatum), Peyssonnelia armorica, and “Aglaozonia chilosa” (sporophyte phase of Cutleria chilosa). In addition, the records of three other species (Hildenbrandia crouaniorum, Peyssonnelia dubyi, and Peyssonnelia harveyana) completed the distribution gap between the North Iberian Peninsula and the Macaronesian region. The female and carposporangial structures of C. peyssonneliaeformis and P. bornetii are described for the first time. The diversity and species composition observed are compared with previous studies from maerl beds in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula (Galicia) and neighboring areas in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. In order to facilitate and promote further studies of the crustose flora of subtidal habitats along European coasts, an identification key is provided for the 26 crustose taxa associated with maerl and gravel beds of the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

Due to the geographical location and paleobiogeography of the Canary Islands, the seaweed flora contains macroalgae with different distributional patterns. In this contribution, the biogeographical relations of several new records of deep-water macroalgae recently collected around the Canarian archipelago are discussed. These areBryopsidella neglecta (Berthold) Rietema,Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum (Meneghini) Hauck,Hincksia onslowensis (Amsler et Kapraun) P. C. Silva,Syringoderma floridana Henry,Peyssonnelia harveyana J. Agardh,Cryptonemia seminervis (C. Agardh) J. Agardh,Botryocladia wynnei Ballantine,Gloiocladia blomquistii (Searles) R. E. Norris,Halichrysis peltata (W. R. Taylor) P. Huve et H. Huve,Leptofauchea brasiliensis Joly, andSarcodiotheca divaricata W. R. Taylor. These new records, especially those in the Florideophyceae, support the strong affinity of the Canary Islands seaweed flora with the warm-temperate Mediterranean-Atlantic region. Some species are recorded for the first time from the east coast of the Atlantic Ocean, enhancing the biogeographic relations of the Canarian marine flora with that of the western Atlantic regions.